【阅读七选五】2018北京卷高考英语七选五

绝密★启用前2018年普通高等学校全国统一考试（北京卷）英语本试卷共16页，共150分。

考试时间为120分钟。

考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。

考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第一部分：听力理解（共三节：30 分）第一节（共 5 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 7.5 分）听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。

听完每段对话后，你将有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题，每段对话你将听一遍。

1.What does the man want to borrow?A.A pencil.B.An eraser.C.A pen.2.What is the woman doing now?A.Eating.B.Going home.C.Having group study.3.What does the man have for earthquake preparation?A.A candle.B.A radio.C.A flashlight.4.Where does the conversation most probably take place?A.In a bank.B. In a hotel.C.In a store.5.Where will the man go for his holiday?A.Brazil.B.Denmark.C.Greece.第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）听下面4段对话或独白。

每段对话或独白后有几道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。

听每段对话或独白前，你将有5秒钟的时间阅读每小题。

听完后，每小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。

每段对话或独白你将听两遍。

听第6段材料，回答第6至7题。

6.When does the supermarket close on Sundays?A.At 5:00 pm.B.At 7:00 pm.C. At 8:00 pm.7.What have the two speakers decided to do now?A.Go shopping.B.Take a walk.C.Have dinner听第7段材料，回答第8至9题。

英语高考“七选五”阅读理解真题详解22018全国卷Ⅱ【高考真题解题例析】为了让大家能把上面所提到的解题原则、方法和步骤能运用到具体的解题实践之中，下面以2018年英语高考全国卷Ⅱ中的“七选五”阅读理解试题的解答为例来说明如何解题。

【高考真题】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

选项中有两项为多余选项。

If you are already making the time to exercise, it is good indeed! With such busy lives, it can be hard to try and find the time to work out. 36 Working out in the morning provides additional benefits beyond being physically fit.●Your productivity is improved. Exercising makes you more awake and ready to handle whatever is ahead of you for the day. 37●Your metabolism(新陈代谢) gets a head start. 38 If you work out in the mornings, then you will be getting the calorie (卡路里) burning benefits for the whole day, not in your sleep.●39 Studies found that people who woke up early for exercise slept better than those who exercised in the evening. Exercise energizes you, so it is more difficult to relax and have a peaceful sleep when you are very excited.●40 If you work out bright and early in the morning, you will be more likely to stick to healthy food choices throughout the day. Who would want to ruin their good workout by eating junk food? You will want to continue to focus on positive choices.There are a lot of benefits to working out, especially in the mornings. Set your alarm clock an hour early and push yourself to work out! You will feel energized all day long.A. You will stick to your diet.B. Your quality of sleep improves.C. You prefer healthy food to fast food.D. There is no reason you should exercise in the morning.E. You can keep your head clear for 4-10 hours after exercise.F. After you exercise, you continue to burn calories throughout the day.G. If you are planning to do exercise regularly, or you’re doing it now, then listen up!【解题过程】第一步，快速浏览文章与选项，判定语篇类型、主题语境和篇章结构。

2018年高考英语新课标ii卷七选五
2018年高考英语新课标II卷的七选五部分是英语科考试中的一个重要环节，它要求考生在阅读完五篇短文后，从七个选项中选出五个最合适的段落或句子，填入文章中的空白处。

这种题型考察了学生的阅读理解能力、逻辑推理能力以及对文章结构和内容连贯性的理解。

在准备这种题型时，考生需要首先快速浏览文章，把握文章的主旨大意。

接着，阅读每个空白处前后的句子，理解它们的含义以及与空白处的逻辑关系。

然后，仔细阅读七个选项，分析每个选项的内容和语言特点，判断它们与空白处的匹配度。

在选择答案时，考生应该注意以下几点：
1. 确保选项与空白处前后文的逻辑关系一致。

2. 注意选项中的代词、连接词等是否与文章中的对应内容相匹配。

3. 考虑选项的语法结构是否与空白处前后文的语法结构相吻合。

4. 留意选项中的时态、语态是否与文章整体时态、语态保持一致。

5. 选择最符合文章主题和语境的选项。

此外，考生在做完题目后，应该再次通读全文，检查所选答案是否使文章读起来流畅自然，是否符合文章的整体逻辑和语境。

最后，考生在平时的学习中应该多读多练，提高自己的英语阅读速度和理解能力，这样才能在高考中更好地应对七选五这类题型。

通过不断的练习，考生可以熟悉题型特点，掌握解题技巧，从而在考试中取得优异的成绩。

2018年北京高考英语七选五练习1Many people think of guys as being carefree when it comes to their appearance. But in fact, a lot of guys spend plenty of time in front of the mirror. They care just as much as girls do about their body image.Body image is a person’s opinions and feelings about his or her own b ody and physical appearance. 71 . You appreciate your body for its capabilities and accept its imperfections.72 . Here are some ideas:Recognize your strengths. Different body types are good for different things. What does your body do well? Maybe your speed, strength, or coordination makes you better than others at a certain sport. That may be basketball, table tennis, mountain biking, dancing, or even running. Or perhaps you have non-sports skills, like drawing, painting, singing, playing a musical instrument, writing, or acting, 73 . .Exercise regularly. Exercise can help you look good and feel good about yourself. Good physiques (体形) don’t just happen. 74 . A healthy habit can be as simple as exercising 20 minutes to 1 hour three days a week. Working out can also lift your spirits.Respect your body! Practicing good habits—regular showering; taking care of your teeth, hair, and skin; wearing clean clothes, and so on—can help you build a positive body image.75 . Your body is just one part of who you are. Your talent for comedy, a quick wit (智慧), and all the other things make you unique. So try not to let small imperfections take over.A. Use this as an opportunity to discover what you’re good at.B. Be yourself.C. Having a positive body image means feeling satisfied with the way you look.D. Just explore talents that you feel good about.E. They take hard work, regular workouts, and a healthy diet.F. The good news is that self-image and body image can be changed.G. So, what can you do to develop a positive body image?271 He had more money than he could ever spend, and he was admired and looked up to by his community. 72 He wasn’t happy. All his life he had been pursuing happiness and striving (奋斗) for happiness, but he had never been able to find it.Then one day he heard about a hidden temple in Nepal that had a special room that contained the secret of happiness. 73 After many years of searching and countless hardships he arrived there. He was tired and penniless, but he knew that none of that mattered now because he had found the temple．He asked a wise, smiling monk (僧侣) if he could enter the special room. The monk agreed and showed him the stairs leading to the room. 74 . He stared into the room with sunlight steaming through the window and saw what he had come so far to find. There hanging on the wall was the secret of happiness. The man gazed at his reflection in the mirror and laughed.75 . Happiness is a choice that we can make. Don’t spend the rest of your life searching the world for happiness then. Just look in the mirror and laugh. Just let the happiness flow from your heart, mind, and soul until it fills your life and the lives of all those around you.A. He immediately sold all that he owned and set out to find this hidden temple.B. It was difficult to find the temple in Nepal.C. No one found the secret of happiness at last.D. But he knew that something was missing in his life.E. There once was a very wealthy and successful man.F. He climbed them with legs shaking with expectation and slowly opened the door.G. It is time that we all realized that we were the secret of our own happiness.All over the world people enjoy sports. Sports help to keep people healthy and happy, and to live longer. 71 . They buy tickets or turn on their TVs to watch the games. Often they get very excited when their player or team wins.72 . Football, for example, has spread around the world. Swimming is popular in all countries near the sea or in those with many rivers. What fun it is to jump into a pool or lake, whether in China, Egypt or Italy! 73 . Think how many lovers to skate or ski in Japan, Norway or Canada.Some sports or games go back thousands of years, like running or jumping. Chinese wushu, for example, has a very long history. But basketball and volleyball are rather new. Neither one is a hundred years old yet. 74 . Water-skiing is one of the newest in the family of sports.People from different countries may not be able to understand each other, but after a game together they often become good friends. 75 . One learns to fight hard but fight fair, to win without pride and to lose with grace.（胜不骄, 败不馁）A. And think of people in cold countries.B. Sports hel p to train a person’s character（性格）.C. Not a few people like sports in the word.D. Many people like to watch others play games.E. People aren’t inventing new sports or g ames.F. Some sports are so interesting that people everywhere take part in them.G. People are inventing new sports or games all the time.4Why do some people have many friends while others do not? 71 . However, it is not so. Let’s look at two psyc hological experiments which will give you the key to happy interpersonal relations.The first experiment is called the “Hawthorne effect” after Hawthorne, Illinois（伊利诺斯[美国州名]）,where the experiment took place. A group of psychologists examined the work patterns of two groups of workers in the Western Electric Company. 72 . The psychologists changed the working conditions for one group twice but left the other group alone. They were surprised to find that productivity increased on both occasions and in both groups. They concluded that the increase in productivity came from the attention given to the workers by the management. It had increased their motivation and so they had worked harder. In other words, if you take an interest in others, they will want to please you and you will have good relations with them.73 . After Martin Luther King, Jr was killed in 1960s, a teacher, Jane Elliott, living in an all- white town decided to help her class of young children understand why the Civil Rights Movement had been necessary in America. She divided the class into two groups: one with blue eyes and other with brown eyes. Other eye colors such as hazel or green were excluded from his exercise. Then she told the class that brown-eyed people were cleverer than blue-eyed ones because of an agent（化学作用）for brown color found in their blood. Blue-eyed people were stupid, lazy and not to be trusted. Jane Elliott did not need to say any more. The brown-eyed students quickly got used to their new role as the leaders of the class. The blue-eyed students became quiet and withdrawn. Then she discovered something very interesting. Four poor brown-eyed readers began to read fluently in a way they had never done before. 74 . So if you want to be successful and happy, take an interest in others whether they are your classmates or workmates. Congratulate them on their success and sympathize with them in their troubles.75 .A. Before the experiment the management talked to both groups of workers and explained that they wanted to find the bestworking environment for them.B. Remember that the way you treat others will decide their attitude and behavior to you.C. The second experiment shows what happens to personal relations if you are rude to or ignore others.D. The ones who have more friends usually are those who care about others.E. Jane Elliott had shown that the way people are treated affects not only their behavior but also their confidence and theirperformance.F. You may even imagine that this ability was something they were born with because it seems so effortless to them.G. The second experiment tells us what teachers said had a great effect on the students.A major source of teen stress is school exams, and test anxiety is not uncommon. When you recognize your teen is under stress, how can parents help your teen stay calm before an exam?Be involved. Parents need to be involved in their teen’s work.71 What they look for is your presence — to talk, to cry, or simply to sit with them quietly. Communicate openly with your teen. Encourage your teen to express her worries and fears, but don’t let them focus on those fears.Help them get organized. 72 Together, you and your teen can work out a time—table in which she can study for what she knows will be on the test.Provide a calm setting. Help your teen set up a quiet place to study and protect his privacy. Give them a nutritious diet. It is important for your teen to eat a healthy, balanced diet during exam times to focus and do her best. 73 If this happens, encourage your teen to eat light meals or sandwiches. A healthy diet, rather than junk food, is best for reducing stress.74 Persuade your teenager to get some sleep and /or do something active when she needs a real break from studying. Making time for relaxation, fun, and exercise are all important in reducing stress. Help your teen balance her time so that she will feel comfortable taking time out from studying to spend time with friends or rest.Show a positive attitude. 75 Your panic, anxiety and blame contribute to your teen’s pressure. Make your teen feel accepted and valued for her efforts. Most importantly, reassure your teen that things will be all right, no matter what the results are.A. A parent’s attitude will dictate their teen’s emotions.B. Exam stress can make some teens lose their appetite.C. They will only make the situation worse.D. Encourage your teen to relax.E. The best thing is simply to listen.F. Help your teen think about what she has to study and plan accordingly.G. Your teen may also make negative comments about themselves.6.51 . Desmond is a young and promising athlete. Having won a champion in an important international game, he decides to buy a car to develop a brighter future. Of course, the car must be extremely fast and is especially fit for him, a sportsman.52 . Darla has just been admitted to a famous university hundreds of kilometers away from her hometown and has been permitted to buy a car .As a young girl, she certainly puts safety factors above all.53 . Russel, a farmer in a mountainous area, is growing hundreds of acres of crops. To transport his goods to town timely, he wants to buy a car .He hopes the car will run very fast and first of all must meet the natural conditions.54 . Fighting in the commercial circle and getting a great success. Malcolm made a fortune. With an aggressive ambition, he decides to buy a luxury car to develop an even brighter future.55 . Warren is a merchant traveling to different parts of the country in any weather situation, good or bad. He expects to have a satisfactory car make his career better.A. Provided by an advanced-design Triton engine ,with a perfect cooling system, and plenty of pulling power. Passenger safety is excellently strengthened by Second Generation double airbags and side door intrusion beam. Luxury packages with deluxe accommodation（良好的人间）B. Was it wind? Or was it fear? Chances are the both .Equipped with the first four-cam, 32-valve V8 engine offered in a sport-utility（实用）vehicle. An advanced source of power generating 320 Ib-ft of twisting force and 230 house power.C. A spirited package that takes the zoom-zoom（疾行声）ethos into the mainstream. An aggressive, confident look, one that’s backed by impressive dynamics. Engaging all the senses in the driving experience. Bottom line: if you’re in the market for a sedan, stop by our store and ask to try on one of ours .Good luck will be with you !D. Style, quality and high technology are the ingredients which have enabled Maserati to create some of the fastest and most advanced road cars in the world. It’s one thing to climb a mountain.E. 302-hp best-in-class V8.3rd-row seating. And available climate-controlled front seats. The new Lincoln Aviator. Like Navigator, just smaller, proof that magnificence comes in all size. There are those who travel .And those who travel well.F. The cars with shapes we’d seen only in our dreams. The land-based rocket ships. With cockpits（驾驶座）full of computers and video screens .The cars you can talk to and that will respond.The cars that are invisible to the wind.A great life doesn't happen by accident. It is the result of allocating (分配) your time, energy, thoughts, and hard work towards what you want your life to be. Stop setting yourself up for stress and failure, and start setting up your life to support success and ease. It is the result of using what you get in a creative and thoughtful way, instead of just what comes next. 71 S—Simplify. A great life is the result of simplifying your life. People often misinterpret what simplify means. It's not a way to remove work from your life. 72 . In order to create a great life, you will have to make room for it in yours first.E—Effort. A great life is the result of your best effort. Creating it requires that you make some adjustments. It may mean re-evaluating how you spend your time, or choosing to spend your money in a different way. Life will reward your best effort.C—Create priorities（首要事情）. A great life is the result of creating priorities. It's easy to spend your days just responding to the next thing that gets your attention, instead of intentionally using the time, energy and money you have in a way that's important to you. 73 .R—Remove distractions (分心). A great life is the result of removing distractions. 74 Removing distractions can be a difficult concept to many people, since they haven't really considered that there is another way to live. Find ways to free up your mental energy for things that are more important to you.T—Thoughts. 75 . Your belief in the outcome will directly determine how successful you are. Motivated people have specific goals and look for ways to achieve them. Believing there is a solution to the same old problems you encounter year after year is vitally important to creating a life that you love.A. When you focus on simplifying your life, you free up energy and time for the work that you enjoy and the purpose forwhich you are here.B. A great life is the result of having reserves—reserves of things, time, space, energy and money.C. Today, right now, is the right day to start to take a step in the direction of your heart’s desires.D. Up to 75% of your mental energy can be tied up in things that stop you concentrating.E. Now please use “secrets” to fit your own needs and style, and start creating your own great life toda y.F. A great life is the result of controlling your thoughts so that you accept and allow for the possibility that it actually canhappen to you!G. Focus on removing the obstacles that get in the way of you making sure you are honoring your priorities.8.Can you imagine your parents choosing your husband or wife for you? And can you imagine not setting eyes on him or her until your wedding day? This situation is common in India, the Middle East and many parts of Africa. 71 . We don't realize that people in other places often get married in very different ways—and with different motives（动机）.72 . A marriage provides a safe and stable home for the husband and wife. It also joins two families, which benefits the couple's parents and makes them happy. Marriage also brings children, making sure the couple will be taken care of in old age. Because a marriage is important for the whole family, some cultures don't let young people choose whom to marry.Just as there are many different reasons for marriage, there are also many different wedding rituals（仪式）. 73 . In a typical Western wedding, the bride seeks good luck by wearing "something old, something new, something borrowed and something blue. " Something old represents the past．Something new represents success in the future. Something borrowed reminds the bride she can get help from her friends and family. 74 . In Poland, one wedding tradition is not only lucky, but also very practical. The wedding guests pin money to the bride's dress while she is dancing. The money is meant to bring luck and to help the young couple build their new life. In Bermuda, the young couple plants a tree in the yard of their new home. Once they move in, they take good care of the tree, making it grow and blossom. The planting of the tree is a good metaphor（隐喻）for marriage. 75 .A. Every culture has its own ways of bringing good luck to the happy couple.B. A truly good marriage is something that grows with care.C. In the United States, parents do not arrange marriages for their children.D. And something blue reminds her to be true to her husband.E. Marriage customs around the world often differ from our own.F. In many countries, marriage is a practical matter.G. Different countries have different cultures.Parents and doctors have the same worry over especially low birthweight newborns. 71 .A trend has therefore developed to make special formulas（配方）of extra nutrients and protein-rich foods for these tiny babies. Unfortunately, a British study has found that this practice could have negative long term effects, such as high blood pressure in adulthood.Between 1993 and 1995,Atul Singhal of the Institute of Child Health and his colleagues researched 299 full-term newborns, each of whom weighed very little for their age. The babies’ moms had decided not to breastfeed（用母乳喂养）.72 .The rest received a formula with more nutrients and 28 percent more protein than the standard formula. The growth of all of these children was compared to that of 175 similarly low birthweight babies whose mothers had chosen to breastfeed their children for their first 9 months. 73 . They found 83 babies from the normal-formula group, 70 babies from the extra-formula group, and 95 babies from the breast fed group. 74 . According to the latest data, children who had received the extra formula had significantly higher blood pressures than those in the other two groups.Seven human test have indeed shown that when infants are overfed before being stopped breastfeeding, they have an increased possibility to become fat as youngsters.No matter how big a child is at birth, he or she will probably reach the same adult height no matter how quickly the baby grows. But reaching one’s adult size at a slow-to-moderate speed may have a lot of benefits, as Singhal says. 75 .A. Half of these children were given a normal infant（幼儿）formula for 9 monthsB. When they grow up, they might have high blood pressure.C. These babies have very little energy because they are so small.D. Six to eight years later, the researchers gave the children a series of measurements and tests.E. The results were quite surprising.F. Tiny babies will grow much slower if they are not specially fed.G. His advice to parents: Be patient. Don’t rush a child’s growth.10. UrbanizationUntil relatively recently, the vast majority of human beings lived and died without ever seeing a city. The first city was probably founded no more than 5,500 years ago. 71 . In fact, nearly everyone lived on farms or in tiny rural (乡村的) villages. It was not until the 20th century that Great Britain became the first urban society in history—a society in which the majority of people live in cities and do not farm for a living.Britain was only the beginning. 72 . The process of urbanization—the migration (迁徙) of people from the countryside to the city — was the result of modernization, which has rapidly transformed how people live and where they live.In 1900, fewer than 40% of Americans lived in urban areas. Today, over 82% of Americans live in cities. Only about 2% live on farms. 73 .Large cities were impossible until agriculture became industrialized. Even in advanced agricultural societies, it took about ninety-five people on farms to feed five people in cities. 74 . Until modern times, those living in cities were mainly the ruling elite (精英) and servants, laborers and professionals who served them. Cities survived by taxing farmers and were limited in size by the amount of surplus food that the rural population produced and by the ability to move this surplus from farm to city.Over the past two centuries, the Industrial Revolution has broken this balance between the city and the country. 75 . Today, instead of needing ninety-five farmers to feed five city people, one American farmer is able to feed more than a hundred non-farmers.A. That kept cities very small.B. The rest live in small towns.C. The effects of urban living on people should be considered.D. Soon many other industrial nations became urban societies.E. But even 200 years ago, only a few people could live in cities.F. Modernization drew people to the cities and made farmers more productive.G. Modern cities have destroyed social relations and the health of human beings.Evaluating Sources (来源) of health Information（2014年北京）Making good choices about your own health requires reasonable evaluation. A key first step in bettering your evaluation ability is to look carefully at your sources of healthy information. Reasonable evaluation includes knowing where and how to fins relevant information, how to separate fact from opinions, how to recognize poor reasoning, and how to analyze information and the reliability of sources. 71 .Go to the original source. Media reports often simplify the results of medical research. Find out for yourself what a study really reported, and determine whether it was based on good science. Think about the type of study. 73 .Watch for misleading language. Some studies will find that a behaviour “contributes to” or is “associated with” an outcome; this does not mean that a certain course must lead to a certain result. 73 . Carefully read or listen to information in order to fully understand it.Use your common sense. If a report seems too good to be true, probably it is. Be especially careful of information contain- ed in advertisements. 74 . Evaluate “scientific” statements carefully, and be aware of quackery (江湖骗术).75 . Friends and family members can be a great source of ideas and inspiration, but each of us needs to find a healthy lifestyle that works for us.Developing the ability to evaluate reasonably and independently about the health problems will serve you well throughout your life.A. Make choices that are right for you.B. The goal of an ad is to sell you something.C. Be sure to work through the critical questions.D. And examine the findings of the original research.E. Distinguish between research reports and public health advice.F. Be aware that information may also be incorrectly explained by an author’s point of view.G. The following suggestions can help you sort through the health information you receive from common sources.1271 . One of the best things you can possibly do is to start you own club. It’s great fun especially if you are the sort of person who feels there’s never anything to do during the school holidays.The first thing you need to come up with is an idea for your club. 72 . Pets, clothes, pop music or dancing groups, sports, making things? The list is endless.Next you need some friends to be in your club with you. 73 . All you need is three or four other people who are interested in the same thing as you.74 You should all sit down somewhere together with lots of pieces of paper and write down every name you can think up. That’ll keep you busy for ages.At your first meeting you should make up a rule book. And the first rule should be no grown-ups or little/big brothers or sisters! The best clubs are always secret!Now you have just about everything you need, except membership cards. These are very important and again you can speed a lot of time making them. 75 . Why not leave some space for a photo of yourself? That will make the membership card really look like it.So there you are, get clubbing! Once you get started you’ll think of loads of more interesting things to do!A. That’s easy.B. Enjoy your own club!C. Invite a designer to join you.D. What are you interest in?E. Some vacation is just around the corner.F. Then you need to pick a name for your club.G. Use a bright thick pen to make a special design.Getting your children to study can be a little like getting them to eat their vegetables.71 . Make a study time and have it at the same time every day. This will help your kids to learn to schedule their day and will give them a sense of control over how they spend their time.Allow them to study in blocks of time, such as for half an hour with a five-minute break in the middle. 72 Ideal(理想的) study times are after dinner or right after school before dinner.Never allow your children to study in front of the television，as that will encourage passive activity. 73You'll also need to help your kids find the right place to study. After you've set up a good study time for little learners, set up a good place where they can get those creative juices flowing.74 . Make sure there is a table or a desk and a comfortable chair.75 . This includes helping them out with their homework sometimes and being there for them with the answers to any questions. The input you give your children during study periods will help form a bond and help make studying enjoyable.A. Pick a place where your children can study properly.B. Hold them to the schedule they create for themselves.C. Finally, spend time with your kids when they're studying.D. Keep the atmosphere light and offer lots of encouragement，too.E. Instead, use TV as a treat or a reward when the homework is completed.F. Try to stop this bad habit by offering some sort of reward.G. One of the best ways to form good study habits for your kids is to design a schedule that they keep to.1471Home can be a great place for children to study. It's important to provide a workspace of their own where they can read books or just write a letter to their friends.●Location (位置)72 . Kitchen and dining room are not so well suited for regular study, since books and pens get in the way of the day-to-day uses of those areas. Set up a place where a child can settle in and leave papers and pens at hand without having to clear everything away each night. For a child that likes being alone, set aside a corner of his bedroom, but keep it separate from things like games, music and other hobbies not related to studying.●Keeping Things in OrderParents should encourage their child to spread out, but to leave it neat and orderly when he isn't using his workspace. Ownership is very important for self-respect. 73 . The workplace should be personal, but not another part of the playroom.●74 .Encourage the whole family to help build a supportive environment that children need for success in school. Give them a good example of how to deal with problems, how to manage time and get things done in the right way. 75 . Study will be more enjoyable and effective when supported by the whole family.A. Attitude Is EverythingB. Bring Organization into Your HomeC. Here are several ways to choose a location.D. Building a Good Home Learning Environment.E. Hold a can-do attitude and your child will follow your example.F. Setting up a space in a common area of your home can be a good idea for children.G. A child who learns to organize his space will carry organization into every corner of his life.The Internet has opened up a whole new online world for us to meet, cha t and go where we’ve never been before. But just as in face to face communication, there are some rules of behavior that should be followed when on line. 1 . Imagine how you’d feel if you were in the other person’s shoes.For anything you’re about to send: ask yourself, “Would I say this to the person’s face?” If the answer is no, rewrite and reread. 2 .If someone in the chat room is rude to you, your instinct (本能) is to fire back in the same manner. But try not to do so.3 . If it was caused by a disagreement with another member, try to fix the situation by politely discussing it. Remember to respect the beliefs and opinions of others in the chat room.4 . Offer advice when asked by newcomers, as they may not be sure what to do or how to communicate. When someone makes a mistake, whether it’s a stupid question or an unnecessarily long answer, be kind about it. If it is a small mistake, you may not need to say anything. Even if you feel strongly about it, think twice before saying anything. Having good manners yourself doesn’t give you license to correct everyone else.5 . At the same time, if you find you are wrong, be sure to correct yourself and apologize to those that you have offended.It is not polite to ask others personal questions such as their age, sex and marital status. Unless you know the person very well, and you are both comfortable with sharing personal information, don’t ask such questions.A. It’s natural that there some people who speak rudely or make mistakes online.B. Repeat the process till you feel sure that you’d feel comfortable saying the words to the person’s face.C. Everyone was new to the network once.D. The basic rule is simple: treat others in the same way you would want to be treated.E. When you send short messages to a person online, you must say something beautiful to hear.F. You should either ignore the person, or use your chat software to block their messages.G. If you do decide to tell someone about a mistake, point it out politely.16My mother is a diligent and kind woman. She is very busy from morning till night. As a teacher, she works hard. 1 . Both my brother and I love her dearly as she loves us.My mother has been teaching math at a middle school in my hometown. She goes to work early in the morning and does not return home until late in the afternoon. 2 . She treats them with patience and teaches them well. For her excellent quality and very good teaching results, she has been elected as a model teacher several times.3 . Every day, when she comes back home from work, she sets about doing housework, sweeping the living room and bedrooms or cleaning the furniture, and putting everything in good order. She seems to be busy all the time. As she has been very busy working every day, she looks older than her age. But she looks as cheerful and happy as ever. Mother never buys expensive dresses for herself, but she often buys some inexpensive but high quality clothes for us.4 . She just eats a plain meal outside when she is too busy to cook herself. She lives a busy yet simple life, without any complaints.Often she says to us, “work while you work, and play while you play. That is the way to be happy and gay. If you do not work, you will become lazy and be of no u se to society”. What a piece of good advice this is! 5 . This advice of hers will always serve as a guide to my behavior. My mother is great indeed, and I always feel proud of her.A. She enjoys listening to classic music.B. As a mother, she takes good care of us and gives us every comfort.C. She loves her students and cares for them.D. She never goes to expensive restaurants to enjoy meals.E. My mother is hard-working and never wastes money.F. I never forget it and always bear it in my mind.G. Can you tell us something about your mother?。

2018年北京市高考英语试卷第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45分）第一节单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，共15分）从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑．例：It's so nice to hear from her again.__，we last met more than thirty years ago．A．what's moreB．That's to sayC．In other wordsD．Believe it or not答案是D．1．（1.00分）﹣Hi，I'm Peter．Are you new here？I haven't seen you around？﹣Hello，Peter．I'm Bob．I just______on Monday．（）A．start B．have started C．started D．had started2．（1.00分）______we don't stop climate change，many animals and plants in the world will be gone．（）A．Although B．While C．If D．Until3．（1.00分）______along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience．（）A．Travel B．TravelingC．Having traveled D．Traveled4．（1.00分）Susan had quit her well﹣paid job and ______as a volunteer in the neighborhood when I visited her last year．（）A．is working B．was working C．has worked D．had worked15．（1.00分）She and her family bicycle to work，helps them keep fit．（）A．which B．who C．as D．that6．（1.00分）During the Mid﹣Autumn Festival，family members often gather together_______a meal，admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes．（）A．share B．to shareC．having shared D．shared7．（1.00分）China's high﹣speed railways from 9，000 to 25，000 kilometers in the past few years．（）A．are growing B．have grown C．will grow D．had grown8．（1.00分）In any unsafe situation，simply______the button and a highly﹣trained agent will get you the help you need．（）A．press B．to press C．pressing D．pressed9．（1.00分）A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who______in the mountains for two days．（）A．are trapping B．have been trappedC．were trapping D．had been trapped10．（1.00分）Ordinary soap，______correctly，can deal with bacteria effectively．（）A．used B．to use C．using D．use211．（1.00分）Without his support，we wouldn't be______we are now．（）A．how B．when C．where D．why12．（1.00分）In today's information age，the loss of data______cause serious problems for a company．（）A．need B．should C．can D．must13．（1.00分）They might have found a better hotel if they_______a few more kilometers．（）A．drove B．would driveC．were to drive D．had driven14．（1.00分）﹣Good morning，Mr．Lee's office．﹣Good morning．I'd like to make an appointment_______next Wednesday afternoon．（）A．for B．on C．in D．at15．（1.00分）This is________my father has taught me﹣to always face difficulties and hope for the best．（）A．how B．which C．that D．what第二节完形填空（每小题1.5分，共30分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑．16．（30.00分）3The Homeless HeroFor many，finding an unattended wallet filled with £400 in cash would be a source（）of temptation（诱惑）．But the （1）would no doubt be greater if you were living on the streets with little food and money．All of this makes the actions of the homeless Tom Smith （2）more remarkable．After spotting a （3）on the front seat inside a parked car with its window down，he stood guard in the rain for about two hours waiting for the （4）to return．After hours in the cold and wet，he （5）inside and pulled the wallet out hoping to find some ID so he could contact（联系）the driver，only to （6）it contained £400 in notes，with another £50 in spare change beside it．He then took the wallet to a nearby police station after （7） a note behind to let the owner know it was safe．When the car's owner John Anderson and his colleague Carol Lawrence returned to the car﹣which was itself worth £35，000﹣in Glasgow city centre，they were（8）to find two policemen standing next to it．The policemen told them what Mr．Smith did and that the wallet was （9）．The pair were later able to thank Mr．Smith for his （10）．Mr．Anderson said："I couldn't believe that the guy never took a penny．To think he is sleeping on the streets tonight （11）he could have stolen the money and paid for a place to stay in．This guy has nothing and （12）he didn't take the wallet for himself；he thought about others（13）．It's unbelievable．It just proves there are （14）guys out there．"Mr．Smith's act （15）much of the public's attention．He also won4praise from social media users after Mr．Anderson （16）about the act of kindness on Facebook．Now Mr．Anderson has set up an online campaign to （17）money for Mr．Smith and other homeless people in the area，which by yesterday had received ￡8，000．"I think the faith that everyone has shown （18）him has touched him．People have been approaching him in the street；he's had job （19）and all sorts，"Mr．Anderson commented．For Mr．Smith，this is a possible life﹣changing （20）．The story once again tells us that one good turn deserves another．（1）A．hope B．aim C．urge D．effort（2）A．still B．even C．ever D．once（3）A．wallet B．bag C．box D．parcel（4）A．partner B．colleague C．owner D．policeman（5）A．turned B．hid C．stepped D．reached（6）A．discover B．collect C．check D．believe（7）A．taking B．leaving C．reading D．writing（8）A．satisfied B．excited C．amused D．shocked（9）A．safe B．missing C．found D．seen5（10）A．service B．support C．kindness D．encouragement（11）A．when B．if C．where D．because（12）A．rather B．yet C．already D．just（13）A．too B．though C．again D．instead（14）A．honest B．polite C．rich D．generous（15）A．gave B．paid C．cast D．drew（16）A．learned B．posted C．cared D．heard（17）A．borrow B．raise C．save D．earn（18）A．of B．at C．for D．in（19）A．details B．changes C．offers D．applications（20）A．lesson B．adventure C．chance D．challenge第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，40分）第一节（共30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑．17．（8.00分）AMy First Marathon（马拉松）6A month before my first marathon，one of my ankles was injured and this meant not running for two weeks，leaving me only two weeks to train．Yet，I was determined to go ahead．I remember back to my 7th year in school．In my first P．E．class，the teacher required us to run laps and then hit a softball．I didn't do either well．He later informed me that I was" not athletic"．The idea that I was "not athletic" stuck with me for years．When I started running in my 30s，I realized running was a battle against myself，not about competition or whether or not I was athletic．It was all about the battle against my own body and mind．A test of wills!The night before my marathon，I dreamt that I couldn't even find the finish line．I woke up sweating and nervous，but ready to prove something to myself．Shortly after crossing the start line，my shoe laces （鞋带）became untied．So I stopped to readjust．Not the start I wanted！At mile 3，I passed a sign：" GO FOR IT，RUNNERS!"By mile 17，I became out of breath and the once injured ankle hurt badly．Despite the pain，I stayed the course walking a bit and then running again．By mile 21，I was starving！As I approached mile 23，I could see my wife waving a sign．She is my biggest fan．She never minded the alarm clock sounding at 4 a．m．or questioned my expenses on running．I was one of the final runners to finish．But I finished! And I got a medal．In fact，I got the same medal as the one that the guy who came in first place had．7Determined to be myself，move forward，free of shame and worldly labels （世俗标签），I can now call myself a "marathon winner"．（1）A month before the marathon，the author．A．was well trainedB．felt scaredC．made up his mind to runD．lost hope（2）Why did the author mention the P．E．class in his 7th year？A．To acknowledge the support of his teacher．B．To amuse the readers with a funny story．C．To show he was not talented in sports．D．To share a precious memory．（3）How was the author's first marathon？A．He made it．B．He quit halfway．C．He got the first prize．D．He walked to the end．8（4）What does the story mainly tell us？A．A man owes his success to his family support．B．A winner is one with a great effort of will．C．Failure is the mother of success．D．One is never too old to learn．18．（6.00分）BFind Your Adventure at the Space and Aviation （航空）CenterIf you're looking for a unique adventure，the Space and Aviation Center（SAC）is the place to be．The Center offers programs designed to challenge and inspire with hands﹣on tasks and lots of fun．More than 750，000 have graduated from SAC，with many seeking employment in engineering，aviation，education，medicine and a wide variety of other professions．They come to camp，wanting to know what it is like to be an astronaut or a pilot，and they leave with real﹣world applications for what they're studying in the classroom．For the trainees，the programs also offer a great way to earn merit badges（荣誉徽章）．At Space Camp，trainees can earn their Space Exploration badge as they build and fire model rockets，learn about space tasks and try simulated （模拟）flying to space with the crew from all over the world．The Aviation Challenge program gives trainees the chance to earn their Aviation badge．They learn the principles of flight and test their operating skills in the cockpit（驾驶舱）of a variety of9flight simulators．Trainees also get a good start on their Wilderness Survival badge as they learn about water﹣and land﹣survival through designed tasks and their search and rescue of a "downed" pilot．With all the programs，teamwork is key as trainees learn the importance of leadership and being part of a bigger task．All this fun is available for ages 9 to 18．Families can enjoy the experience together，too，with Family Camp programs for families with children as young as 7．Stay an hour or stay a week﹣﹣there is something here for everyone!For more details，please visit us online at www．oursac．com．（1）Why do people come to SAC？A．To experience adventures．B．To look for jobs in aviation．C．To get a degree in engineering．D．To learn more about medicine．（2）To earn a Space Exploration badge， a trainee needs to．A．fly to spaceB．get an Aviation badge firstC．study the principles of flight10D．build and fire model rockets（3）What is the most important for trainees？A．Leadership．B．Team spirit．C．Task planning．D．Survival skills．19．（8.00分）CPlastic﹣Eating WormsHumans produce more than 300 million tons of plastic every year．Almost half of that winds up in landfills（垃圾填埋场），and up to 12 million tons pollute the oceans．So far there is no effective way to get rid of it，but a new study suggests an answer may lie in the stomachs of some hungry worms．Researchers in Spain and England recently found that the worms of the greater wax moth can break down polyethylene，which accounts for 40% of plastics．The team left 100 wax worms on a commercial polyethylene shopping bag for 12 hours，and the worms consumed and broke down about 92 milligrams，or almost 3% of it．To confirm that the worms' chewing alone was not responsible for the polyethylene breakdown，the researchers made some worms into paste（糊状物）and applied it to plastic films．14 hours later the films had lost 13% of their mass﹣﹣apparently broken down by enzymes（酶）from the worms' stomachs．Their11findings were published in Current Biology in 2017．Federica Bertocchini，co﹣author of the study，says the worms' ability to break down their everyday food﹣beeswax﹣also allows them to break down plastic．"Wax is a complex mixture，but the basic bond in polyethylene，the carbon﹣carbon bond，is there as well，"she explains．"The wax worm evolved a method or system to break this bond．"Jennifer DeBruyn，a microbiologist at the University of Tennessee，who was not involved in the study，says it is not surprising that such worms can break down polyethylene．But compared with previous studies，she finds the speed of breaking down in this one exciting．The next step，DeBruyn says，will be to identify the cause of the breakdown．Is it an enzyme produced by the worm itself or by its gut microbes（肠道微生物）？Bertocchini agrees and hopes her team's findings might one day help employ the enzyme to break down plastics in landfills．But she expects using the chemical in some kind of industrial process﹣not simply "millions of worms thrown on top of the plastic．"（1）What can we learn about the worms in the study？A．They take plastics as their everyday food．B．They are newly evolved creatures．C．They can consume plastics．D．They wind up in landfills．12（2）According to Jennifer DeBruyn，the next step of the study is to．A．identify other means of the breakdownB．find out the source of the enzymeC．confirm the research findingsD．increase the breakdown speed（3）It can be inferred from the last paragraph that the chemical might．A．help to raise wormsB．help make plastic bagsC．be used to clean the oceansD．be produced in factories in future（4）What is the main purpose of the passage？A．To explain a study method on worms．B．To introduce the diet of a special worm．C．To present a way to break down plastics．D．To propose new means to keep eco﹣balance．1320．（8.00分）DPreparing Cities for Robot CarsThe possibility of self﹣driving robot cars has often seemed like a futurist's dream，years away from materializing in the real world．Well，the future is apparently now．The California Department of Motor Vehicles began giving permits in April for companies to test truly self﹣driving cars on public roads．The state also cleared the way for companies to sell or rent out self﹣driving cars，and for companies to operate driverless taxi services．California，it should be noted，isn't leading the way here．Companies have been testing their vehicles in cities across the country．It's hard to predict when driverless cars will be everywhere on our roads．But however long it takes，the technology has the potential to change our transportation systems and our cities，for better or for worse，depending on how the transformation is regulated．While much of the debate so far has been focused on the safety of driverless cars（and rightfully so），policymakers also should be talking about how self﹣driving vehicles can help reduce traffic jams，cut emissions（排放）and offer more convenient，affordable mobility options．The arrival of driverless vehicles is a chance to make sure that those vehicles are environmentally friendly and more shared．14Do we want to copy﹣or even worsen﹣the traffic of today with driverless cars？Imagine a future where most adults own individual self﹣driving vehicles．They tolerate long，slow journeys to and from work on packed highways because they can work，entertain themselves or sleep on the ride，which encourages urban spread．They take their driverless car to an appointment and set the empty vehicle to circle the building to avoid paying for parking．Instead of walking a few blocks to pick up a child or the dry cleaning，they send the self﹣driving minibus．The convenience even leads fewer people to take public transport ﹣﹣an unwelcome side effect researchers have already found in ride﹣hailing（叫车）services．A study from the University of California at Davis suggested that replacing petrol ﹣powered private cars worldwide with electric，self﹣driving and shared systems could reduce carbon emissions from transportation 80% and cut the cost of transportation infrastructure （基础设施）and operations 40% by 2050．Fewer emissions and cheaper travel sound pretty appealing．The first commercially available driverless cars will almost certainly be fielded by ride﹣hailing services，considering the cost of self﹣driving technology as well as liability and maintenance issues（责任与维护问题）．But driverless car ownership could increase as the prices drop and more people become comfortable with the technology．Policymakers should start thinking now about how to make sure the appearance of driverless vehicles doesn't extend the worst aspects of the car﹣controlled transportation system we have today．The coming technological advancement presents a chance for cities and states to develop transportation systems designed to move more people，and more affordably．The car of the future is coming．We just have to plan for it．15（1）According to the author，attention should be paid to how driverless cars can．A．help deal with transportation﹣related problemsB．provide better services to customersC．cause damage to our environmentD．make some people lose jobs（2）As for driverless cars，what is the author's major concern？A．Safety．B．Side effects．C．Affordability．D．Management．（3）What does the underlined word "fielded" in Paragraph 4 probably mean？A．Employed．B．Replaced．C．Shared．D．Reduced．（4）What is the author's attitude to the future of self﹣driving cars？A．Doubtful．16B．Positive．C．Disapproving．D．Sympathetic．第二节（共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项．选项中有两项为多余选项．21．（10.00分）Why Do We Get Angry？Anger seems simple when we are feeling it，but the causes of anger are various．Knowing these causes can make us examine our behavior，and correct bad habits．The main reasons we get angry are triggering（触发）events，personality traits（特征），and our assessment of situations．（1）Triggering events for anger are so many that to describe them all would take hundreds of pages．However，here are some examples：being cut off in traffic，a deadline approaching，experiencing physical pain，and much more．（2）The reason why someone is triggered by something and others are not is often due to one's personal history and psychological traits．Each person，no matter who they are，has psychological imbalances．People who have personality traits that connect with competitiveness and low upset tolerance are much more likely to get angry．（3）Also，sometimes pre ﹣anger does not have to do with a lasting condition，but rather a temporary state before a triggering event has occurred．17（4）Sometimes even routine occurrences become sources of pre﹣anger，or anger itself．Sometimes ignorance and negative （消极的）outlooks on situations can create anger．（5）However，anger can easily turn violent，and it is best to know the reasons for anger to appear in order to prevent its presence．With these main reasons in mind，we can evaluate our level of anger throughout the day and prevent cases of outbursts by comprehending the reasons for our feelings．A．Our attitude and viewpoint on situations can create anger within us as well．B．But some types of situations can help us to get rid of the occurrence of anger．C．Anger is rarely looked upon as a beneficial character trait，and is usually advised to reduce it．D．Anger is a particularly strong feeling and maybe people think that they have reasons to feel angry．E．Having these personality traits implies the pre﹣anger state，where anger is in the background of your mind．F．Understanding these reasons will control our own anger if we are willing to evaluate ourselves with a critical eye．G．Not everyone acts the same in response to events，and that is why what triggers one person may or may not trigger another．第三部分：书面表达（共两节，35分）第一节（15分）1822．（10.00分）假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，你的英国朋友Jim在给你的邮件中提到他对中国文化感兴趣，计划明年来北京上大学．他向你咨询相关信息．请给他回邮件，内容包括：1．表示欢迎；2．推荐他上哪所大学；3．建议他做哪些准备工作．注意：1．词数不少于50；2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数．Dear Jim，Yours，Li Hua第二节（20分）23．（25.00分）假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，写一篇英文周记，记述你们上周接待外国学生，带领他们体验中国茶文化的全过程．注意：词数不少于60．19202018年北京市高考英语试卷参考答案与试题解析第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45分）第一节单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，共15分）从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑．例：It's so nice to hear from her again.__，we last met more than thirty years ago．A．what's moreB．That's to sayC．In other wordsD．Believe it or not答案是D．1．（1.00分）﹣Hi，I'm Peter．Are you new here？I haven't seen you around？﹣Hello，Peter．I'm Bob．I just______on Monday．（）A．start B．have started C．started D．had started【分析】嗨，我是皮特．你是新来的吗？我之前没见过你．嗨，皮特，我是鲍勃．我星期一刚来的．【解答】答案：C．本题考查一般过去时．根据对话，可知鲍勃之前确实不在这个地方上班，再结合时间状语just，说明他是星期一刚刚来上班的，应该使用一般过去时，表明他的到来发生在过去．故选：C．【点评】本题考查一般过去时．解答该类试题主要观察题干中的对话或者是时间状语或者是隐含信息，表示发生在过去的某一动作即为正确答案．212．（1.00分）______we don't stop climate change，many animals and plants in the world will be gone．（）A．Although B．While C．If D．Until【分析】如果我们不能阻止气候变化，世界上的许多动植物就会消失．【解答】考查从属连词的用法．although"尽管，虽然"，引导让步状语从句．while 表示"当……的时候"，引导时间状语从句；意为"尽管、虽然"，引导让步状语从句．if"如果"，引导条件状语从句．until"直到"，引导时间状语从句．分析可知前后两句话之间是逻辑上的"条件"关系．句意：如果我们不能阻止气候变化，世界上的许多动植物就会消失．故选：C．【点评】本题考查从属连词的用法．连词的用法辨析，要注意分析主从句之间的逻辑关系，再确定相应的连词，同时注意不同的连词的语义及用法区别．3．（1.00分）______along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience．（）A．Travel B．TravelingC．Having traveled D．Traveled【分析】沿着古老的丝绸之路旅行是一种有趣而且有益的经历．【解答】考查动名词．分析可知"__along the old Silk Road"在句中做主语，句子主干是主系表结构．travel是动词原形，不能在句中做主语，可排除A；having done22是现在分词的完成式，它表示主动的动作，并且动作发生在谓语动词之前，常常作状语来修饰动词，可排除C．done是过去分词，在句中通常做定语或状语，不能够在句中做主语．无论作状语或作定语，都表示被动的动作，也可以表示已经完成的动作．可排除D．故选：B．【点评】动名词具有名词的性质，因此在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语，但是不能作补语．动名词作主语，谓语动词一般用单三形式动名词作主语，在动词的基础上加ing，使该动词或动词短语，有名词的各种特征，可作名词灵活使用．如：It is no use/no good crying over spilt milk．覆水难收It is a waste of time persuading such a person to join us．劝说这样的人加入真是浪费时间．It was hard getting on the crowded street car．上这种拥挤的车真难．It is fun playing with children．和孩子们一起玩真好．There is no joking about such matters．对这种事情不是开玩笑．4．（1.00分）Susan had quit her well﹣paid job and ______as a volunteer in the neighborhood when I visited her last year．（）A．is working B．was working C．has worked D．had worked【分析】当我去年去看Susan 的时候，她以及辞去了她的高薪工作在当地做起了志愿者工作．23【解答】答案：B．本题考查过去进行时，即某一动作在过去的某一时刻正在发生．根据句意，去年"我"去拜访Susan的时候她已经辞去了高薪职业，正在附件社区从事着志愿者工作，使用过去进行时：was doing sth．故选：B．【点评】本题考查过去进行时，解答该类试题应注意分析句中的时间状语和句子主语的关系，再结合选项，即可选出正确答案．5．（1.00分）She and her family bicycle to work，helps them keep fit．（）A．which B．who C．as D．that【分析】她和她的家人都是骑自行车去上班，这使得他们能保持健康．【解答】本题考查非限制性定语从句．本复合句中，主句为She and her family bicycle to work，而非限制定语从句中缺少主语，因为是非限制性定语从句，故不能使用that，关系代词who是用来替代人，在此不符合句意；as可以引导非限制性定语从句，但是常位于句首．which在从句中引导定语从句作主语，替代前面整个主句的内容，即：每天和家人骑车上班的行为能促使他们保持身体健康．故选：A．【点评】本题考查定语从句．解答该类试题一定要分析题干，分析句子成分再结合选项特点，进行答案的选择．6．（1.00分）During the Mid﹣Autumn Festival，family members often gather together_______a meal，admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes．（）24A．share B．to shareC．having shared D．shared【分析】在中秋节期间，家庭成员时常聚在一起吃饭，欣赏月亮和享受月饼．【解答】考查动词不定式．此处用动词不定式表示目的，作目的状语．故选B 项．其它三项不符合语境．故选：B．【点评】英语中的动名词是由动词变化而来，动词ing形式的一种，兼有动词和名词特征的非限定动词．它可以支配宾语，也能被副词修饰．动名词有时态和语态的变化．另一方面动名词在句子的用法及功能与名词类同：在句子可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语．它也可以被副词修饰或者用来支配宾语．7．（1.00分）China's high﹣speed railways from 9，000 to 25，000 kilometers in the past few years．（）A．are growing B．have grown C．will grow D．had grown【分析】在过去的几年中国的高速公路已经从9000公里发展到25000公里．【解答】句中的时间状语是"in the past few years"，这类的时间状语，句子一般都用现在完成时或现在完成进行时．故选：B．【点评】常与现在完成时连用的时间状语有：since…，for+段时间，in the past few years/weeks等．258．（1.00分）In any unsafe situation，simply______the button and a highly﹣trained agent will get you the help you need．（）A．press B．to press C．pressing D．pressed【分析】在任何不安全的情况下，只要按下按钮，训练有素的助理就会让你得到需要的帮助．【解答】考查祈使句．分析句子可知，此处考查的是祈使句+and/or+简单句，根据句意可知，此处使用动词原形press．故选：A．【点评】对于这种类型的题目需要根据语境及相关的语法知识选出正确答案，需要考生多积累和总结．9．（1.00分）A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who______in the mountains for two days．（）A．are trapping B．have been trappedC．were trapping D．had been trapped【分析】一名救援人员冒着生命危险救了两个被困在山上两天的游客．【解答】考查时态语态．根据句中risked可知，事情是发生在过去，游客被困是发生在"冒险救援"之前，用过去完成时，即"过去的过去"，trap为及物动词，游客是被困的，应该使用过去完成时的被动语态．故选：D．26【点评】对于这种类型的题目需要根据语境及相关的语法知识选出正确答案，需要考生多积累和总结．10．（1.00分）Ordinary soap，______correctly，can deal with bacteria effectively．（）A．used B．to use C．using D．use【分析】普通的肥皂恰当地被使用能有效地清理细菌．【解答】本句中两个逗号隔开的内容应该是对"ordinary soap"作补充说明，肥皂和使用是被动关系，所以用过去分词used．故选：A．【点评】考查分词形式主要看改动词与被修饰的名词之间的逻辑关系，一般用过去分词形式表示被动关系，现在分词表示主动关系．11．（1.00分）Without his support，we wouldn't be______we are now．（）A．how B．when C．where D．why【分析】没有他的支持，我们就不会到我们现在的这个位置．【解答】考查表语从句．分析句子可知，be动词的后面应该是表语从句，根据句意：没有他的支持，我们就不会到我们现在的这个位置，可知应该使用where"在哪里"，而how"如何"，when"何时"，why"为什么"，不符合句意．故选：C．【点评】对于这种类型的题目需要根据语境及相关的语法知识选出正确答案，需27要考生多积累和总结．12．（1.00分）In today's information age，the loss of data______cause serious problems for a company．（）A．need B．should C．can D．must【分析】在当今的信息时代，数据的丢失可能会给公司带来严重的问题．【解答】考查情态动词．need需要；should应该；can能；能够；（表示可能性）可能，可能会；must必须．句意：在当今的信息时代，数据的丢失可能会给公司带来严重的问题．故选：C．【点评】本题考查情态动词的用法．情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度，所以在做题时应该把握好说话人的情感态度．13．（1.00分）They might have found a better hotel if they_______a few more kilometers．（）A．drove B．would driveC．were to drive D．had driven【分析】如果他们再多开几公里，他们可能会找到一家更好的旅馆．【解答】考查虚拟语气．在if条件句中，虚拟过去时是表示与过去事实相反的假设，if 从句的谓语形式用过去完成时即：had+过去分词，主句用would / should /28could / might + have +过去分词．本题中主句中使用了might have done，因此，从句中应该使用过去完成时．故选：D．【点评】本题考查虚拟语气．if引导的虚拟条件句是高考考试的重要考察点．应对虚拟语气题目时，我们需要记住一个公式：语法+语境= 正确答案．语法就是指上述各种虚拟语气的结构和用法，需要考生牢牢把握这些虚拟语气的基础知识；语境即说话人的语意、情感、态度等．实际上，目前高考中的大多数语法单项填空题都不是纯粹的考查语法结构，必须把语法或惯用法与语境结合起来才能得出正确答案．因此我们应遵循这个解题模式．14．（1.00分）﹣Good morning，Mr．Lee's office．﹣Good morning．I'd like to make an appointment_______next Wednesday afternoon．（）A．for B．on C．in D．at【分析】﹣早上好，李先生的办公室．﹣早上好．我想为下星期三下午安排一次约会．【解答】答案：A，考查介词用法辨析．结合句意"为下星期三下午安排一次约会"可知，即make an appointment for next Wednesday afternoon．同学易错选为on，以为在某天下午应用介词on，但句意并非在下周三下午才做预约，而是说现在就约，把时间约在周三下午．故用介词for．故选：A．【点评】本道介词题难度相对较大，命题者铺设了陷阱，乍看之下极其容易，仔29细思量其实另有玄机．所以考生在备考时，要注意灵活应用，而不是死记硬背．15．（1.00分）This is________my father has taught me﹣to always face difficulties and hope for the best．（）A．how B．which C．that D．what【分析】这就是我父亲教给我的﹣﹣直面困难，做最好的希望．【解答】考查表语从句．分析句子可知，is后面的从句为表语从句，由于teach 之后需要跟双宾语，即teach sb．sth．可知，缺少teach的直接宾语，需要使用充当句子成分的what．故选：D．【点评】对于这种类型的题目需要根据语境及相关的语法知识选出正确答案，需要考生多积累和总结．第二节完形填空（每小题1.5分，共30分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑．16．（30.00分）The Homeless HeroFor many，finding an unattended wallet filled with £400 in cash would be a source（）of temptation（诱惑）．But the （1）C would no doubt be greater if you were living on the streets with little food and money．All of this makes the actions of the homeless Tom Smith （2）B more remarkable．30After spotting a （3）A on the front seat inside a parked car with its window down，he stood guard in the rain for about two hours waiting for the （4）C to return．After hours in the cold and wet，he （5）D inside and pulled the wallet out hoping to find some ID so he could contact（联系）the driver，only to （6）A it contained £400 in notes，with another £50 in spare change beside it．He then took the wallet to a nearby police station after （7）B a note behind to let the owner know it was safe．When the car's owner John Anderson and his colleague Carol Lawrence returned to the car﹣which was itself worth £35，000﹣in Glasgow city centre，they were（8）D to find two policemen standing next to it．The policemen told them what Mr．Smith did and that the wallet was（9）A．The pair were later able to thank Mr．Smith for his （10）C．Mr．Anderson said："I couldn't believe that the guy never took a penny．To think he is sleeping on the streets tonight （11）A he could have stolen the money and paid for a place to stay in．This guy has nothing and （12）B he didn't take the wallet for himself；he thought about others（13）D．It's unbelievable．It just proves there are （14）A guys out there．"Mr．Smith's act （15）D much of the public's attention．He also won praise from social media users after Mr．Anderson （16）B about the act of kindness on Facebook．Now Mr．Anderson has set up an online campaign to （17）B money for Mr．Smith and other homeless people in the area，which by yesterday had received ￡8，000．"I think the faith that everyone has shown （18）C him has touched him．People have been approaching him in the street；he's had job31。

高考英语真题2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（北京卷）英 语本试卷共12页，共120分。

考试时长100分钟。

注意事项：1．答题前，先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试题卷和答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。

2．选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用2B 铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。

3．非选择题的作答：用签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。

写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。

4．考试结束后，请将本试题卷和答题卡一并上交。

第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45分）第一节 单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，共15分）从每题所给的A 、B 、C 、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

例： It’s so nice to hear from her again. _________, we last met more than thirty years ago.A. What’s moreB. That’s to sayC. In other wordsD. Believe it or not 答案是D 。

1. —Hi, I’m Peter. Are you new here? I haven’t seen you around? —Hello, Peter. I’m Bob. I just _________ on Monday. A. startB. have startedC. startedD. had started2. _________ we don ’t stop climate change, many animals and plants in the world will be gone. A. Although B. WhileC. IfD. Until3. _________ along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience. A. TravelB. TravelingC. Having traveledD. Traveled4. Susan had quit her well-paid job and _________ as a volunteer in the neighborhood when I visited her last year.A. is workingB. was workingC. has workedD. had worked5. She and her family bicycle to work, _________ helps them keep fit.A. whichB. whoC. asD. that6. During the Mid-Autumn Festival, family members often gather together _________ a meal, admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes. A. shareB. to shareC. having sharedD. shared7. China’s high -speed railways _________ from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometers in the past few years. A. are growing B. have grownC. will growD. had grown8. In any unsafe situation, simply _________ the button and a highly-trained agent will get you the help you need. A. pressB. to pressC. pressingD. pressed9. A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who _________ in the mountains for two days. A. are trapping B. have been trapped C. were trapping D. had been trapped 10. Ordinary soap, _________ correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively. A. usedB. to useC. usingD. use11. Without his support, we wouldn’t be _________ we are now. A. howB. whenC. whereD. why12. In t oday’s information age, the loss of data _________ cause serious problems for a company. A. needB. shouldC. canD. must13. They might have found a better hotel if they _________ a few more kilometers. A. droveB. would driveC. were to driveD. had driven14. —Good morning, Mr. Lee’s office.—Good morning. I’d like to make an appointment _________ next Wednesday afternoon. A. forB. onC. inD. at15. This is _________ my father has taught me —to always face difficulties and hope for the best. A. howB. whichC. thatD. what第二节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，共30分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A 、B 、C 、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

2018高考III卷英语：七选五详解（北京四中详解版）北京四中高三英语教研室整理真题呈现根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

选项中有两项为多余选项。

Before there was the written word, there was the language of dance. Dance expresses love and hate, joy and sorrow ,life and death, and everything else in between.36 We dance from Florida to Alaska, from north to south and sea to sea. We dance at weddings, birthdays , office parties and just to fill the time.“I adore dancing,”says Lester Bridges, the owner of a dance studio in Iowa. “I can't imagine doing anything else with my life." Bridges runs dance classes for all ages. "Teaching dance is wonderful. 37 It's great to watch them. For many of them, it's a way of meeting people and havinga social life."38 "I can tell you about one young couple," says Bridges. “They're learning to do traditional dances. They arrive at the class in low spirits and they leave with a smile. 39 ”So, do we dance in order to make ourselves feel better, calmer, healthier? Andrea Hillier says,“Dance, like the pattern of a beating heart, is life. Even after all these years, I want to get better and better. 40 I find it hard to stop! Dancing reminds me I'm alive."A. So why do we dance?B. Dance in the U.S.is everywhere.C. If you like dancing outdoors, come to America.D. My older students say it makes them feel young.E. I keep practicing even When I'm extremely tired.F. Dancing seems to change their feeling completely.G. They stayed up all night long singing and dancing.2018高考III英语七选五深度解析正确答案B D A F E答案解析1.备选项翻译A. So why do we dance?那我们为什么要跳舞呢？B. Dance in the U.S.is everywhere.在美国，舞蹈到处都是。

2018年北京卷Why Do We Get Angry?Anger seems simple when we are feeling it,but the causes of anger arevarious. Knowing these causes can make us examine our behavior, andcorrect bad habits. The main reasons we get angry are triggering（触发） events, personality traits（特征）, and our assessment ofsituations.______(51)Triggering events for anger are so many that to describe them all would takehundreds of pages. However, here are some examples: being cut off in traffic,a deadline approaching, experiencing physical pain, and muchmore.______(52) The reason why someone is triggered by something andothers are not is often due to one’s personal history and psychological traits.Each person,no matter who they are, has psychological imbalances. Peoplewho have personality traits that connect with competitiveness and low upsettolerance are much more likely to get angry.______(53) Also, sometimes pre-anger does not have to do with a lasting condition, but rather a temporarystate before a triggering event has occurred.______(54) Sometimes even routine occurrences become sources of pre- anger, or anger itself. Sometimes ignorance and negative (消极的)outlookson situations can create anger.______(55) However, anger can easily turn violent, and it is best to know thereasons for anger to appear in order to prevent its presence. With these mainreasons in mind, we can evaluate our level of anger throughout the day andprevent cases of outbursts by comprehending the reasons for our feelings.A. Our attitude and viewpoint on situations can create anger within us as well.B. But some types of situations can help us to get rid of the occurrence ofanger.C. Anger is rarely looked upon as a beneficial character trait, and is usually advised to reduce it.D. Anger is a particularly strong feeling and maybe people think that they have reasons to feel angry.E. Having these personality traits implies the pre-anger state, where anger isin the background of your mind.F.Understanding these reasons will control our own anger if we are willing toevaluate ourselves with a critical eye.G. Not everyone acts the same in response to events, and that is why whattriggers one person may or may not trigger another.参考译文：我们为什么会生气？当我们正在气头上时，愤怒似乎很简单，但是愤怒的原因是多种多样的。

2018年北京市高考英语试卷1. ﹣Hi， I'm Peter． Are you new here？ I haven't seen you around？﹣Hello， Peter． I'm Bob． I just______on Monday．A. startB. have startedC. startedD. had started2. ______we don't stop climate change， many animals and plants in the world will be gone．A. AlthoughB. WhileC. IfD. Until3. ______along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience．A. TravelB. TravelingC. Having traveledD. Traveled4. Susan had quit her well﹣paid job and ______as a volunteer in the neighborhood when I visited her last year．A. is workingB. was workingC. has workedD. had worked5. She and her family bicycle to work， __________ helps them keep fit．A. whichB. whoC. asD. that6. During the Mid﹣Autumn Festival， family members often gather together_______a meal， admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes．A. shareB. to shareC. having sharedD. shared7. China's high﹣speed railways _____________ from 9，000 to 25，000 kilometers in the past few years．A. are growingB. have grownC. will growD. had grown8. In any unsafe situation， simply______the button and a highly﹣trained agent will get you the help you need．A. pressB. to pressC. pressingD. pressed9. A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who______in the mountains for two days．A. are trappingB. have been trappedC. were trappingD. had been trapped10. Ordinary soap, ______correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively．A. usedB. to useC. usingD. use11. Without his support， we wouldn't be______we are now．A. howB. whenC. whereD. why12. In today's information age， the loss of data______cause serious problems fora company．A. needB. shouldC. canD. must13. They might have found a better hotel if they_______a few more kilometers．A. droveB. would driveC. were to driveD. had driven14. ﹣Good morning， Mr．Lee's office．﹣Good morning． I'd like to make an appointment_______next Wednesday afternoon．A. forB. onC. inD. at15. This is________my father has taught me——to always face difficulties and hopefor the best．A. howB. whichC. thatD. whatThe Homeless HeroFor many，finding an unattended wallet filled with £400 in cash would be a source （来源）of temptation（诱惑）．But the (16) would no doubt be greater if you were living on the streets with little food and money． All of this makes the actions of the homeless Tom Smith (17) more remarkable．After spotting a (18) on the front seat inside a parked car with its window down，he stood guard in the rain for about two hours waiting forthe (19) to return．After hours in the cold and wet， he (20) inside and pulled the wallet out hoping to find some ID so he could contact（联系）the driver， only to (21) it contained £400 in notes，with another £50 in spare change beside it．He then took the wallet to a nearby police station after (22) a note behind to let the owner know it was safe． When the car's owner John Anderson and his colleague Carol Lawrence returned to the car﹣which was itself worth £35，000﹣in Glasgow city centre， they were (23) to find two policemen standing next to it． The policemen told them what Mr．Smith did and that the wallet was (24) ．The pair were later able to thank Mr．Smith for his (25) ．Mr．Anderson said："I couldn't believe that the guy never took a penny．To think he is sleeping on the streets tonight (26) he could have stolen the money and paid for a place to stay in．This guy has nothing and (27) he didn't take thewallet for himself；he thought about others (28) ． It's unbelievable． It just proves there are (29) guys out there．"Mr．Smith's act (30) much of the public's attention． He also won praise from social media users after Mr．Anderson (31) about the act of kindness on Facebook．Now Mr． Anderson has set up an online campaign to (32) moneyfor Mr．Smith and other homeless people in the area， which by yesterday had received ￡8，000． "I think the faith that everyone has shown (33) him has touched him． People have been approaching him in the street； he's had job (34) and all sorts， "Mr．Anderson commented．For Mr．Smith， this is a possible life﹣changing (35) ． The story once again tells us that one good turn deserves another．16. A. hope B. aim C. urge D. effort17. A. still B. even C. ever D. once18. A. wallet B. bag C. box D. parcel19. A. partner B. colleague C. owner D. policeman20. A. turned B. hid C. stepped D. reached21. A. discover B. collect C. check D. believe22. A. taking B. leaving C. reading D. writing23. A. satisfied B. excited C. amused D. shocked24. A. safe B. missing C. found D. seen25. A. service B. support C. kindness D. encouragement26. A. when B. if C. where D. because27. A. rather B. yet C. already D. just28. A. too B. though C. again D. instead29. A. honest B. polite C. rich D. generous30. A. gave B. paid C. cast D. drew31. A. learned B. posted C. cared D. heard32. A. borrow B. raise C. save D. earn33. A. of B. at C. for D. in34. A. details B. changes C. offers D. applications35. A. lesson B. adventure C. chance D. challengeAMy First Marathon（马拉松）A month before my first marathon， one of my ankles was injured and this meant not running for two weeks， leaving me only two weeks to train． Yet， I was determined to go ahead．I remember back to my 7th year in school． In my first P．E． class， the teacher required us to run laps and then hit a softball． I didn't do either well． He later informed me that I was" not athletic"．The idea that I was "not athletic" stuck with me for years． When I started running in my 30s，I realized running was a battle against myself， not about competition or whether or not I was athletic． It was all about the battle against my own body and mind． A test of wills!The night before my marathon， I dreamt that I couldn't even find the finish line． I woke up sweating and nervous， but ready to prove something to myself． Shortly after crossing the start line， my shoe laces （鞋带）became untied． So I stopped to readjust． Not the start I wanted！At mile 3， I passed a sign：" GO FOR IT， RUNNERS!"By mile 17， I became out of breath and the once injured ankle hurt badly． Despite the pain， I stayed the course walking a bit and then running again．By mile 21， I was starving！As I approached mile 23， I could see my wife waving a sign． She is my biggest fan． She never minded the alarm clock sounding at 4 a．m． or questioned my expenses on running．I was one of the final runners to finish． But I finished! And I got a medal． In fact， I got the same medal as the one that the guy who came in first place had． Determined to be myself， move forward， free of shame and worldly labels（世俗标签）， I can now call myself a "marathon winner"．36. A month before the marathon， the author_____．A. was well trainedB. felt scaredC. made up his mind to runD. lost hope37. Why did the author mention the P．E． class in his 7th year？_____A. To acknowledge the support of his teacher．B. To amuse the readers with a funny story．C. To show he was not talented in sports．D. To share a precious memory．38. How was the author's first marathon？_____A. He made it．B. He quit halfway．C. He got the first prize．D. He walked to the end．39. What does the story mainly tell us？_____A. A man owes his success to his family support．B. A winner is one with a great effort of will．C. Failure is the mother of success．D. One is never too old to learn．BFind Your Adventure at the Space and Aviation （航空）CenterIf you're looking for a unique adventure， the Space and Aviation Center（SAC）is the place to be． The Center offers programs designed to challenge and inspire with hands﹣on tasks and lots of fun．More than 750，000 have graduated from SAC， with many seeking employment in engineering， aviation， education， medicine and a wide variety of other professions． They come to camp， wanting to know what it is like to be an astronaut or a pilot， and they leave with real﹣world applications for what they're studying in the classroom．For the trainees，the programs also offer a great way to earn merit badges（荣誉徽章）． At Space Camp， trainees can earn their Space Exploration badge as they build and fire model rockets， learn about space tasks and try simulated （模拟） flying to space with the crew from all over the world． The Aviation Challenge program gives trainees the chance to earn their Aviation badge． They learn the principles of flight and test their operating skills in the cockpit（驾驶舱）of a variety of flight simulators． Trainees also get a good start on their Wilderness Survival badge as they learn about water﹣and land﹣survival through designed tasks and their search and rescue of a "downed" pilot． With all the programs， teamwork is key as trainees learn the importance of leadership and being part of a bigger task．All this fun is available for ages 9 to 18． Families can enjoy the experience together， too， with Family Camp programs for families with children as young as 7． Stay an hour or stay a week﹣﹣there is something here for everyone!For more details，please visit us online at www．oursac．com．40. Why do people come to SAC？_____A. To experience adventures．B. To look for jobs in aviation．C. To get a degree in engineering．D. To learn more about medicine．41. To earn a Space Exploration badge， a trainee needs to_____．A. fly to spaceB. get an Aviation badge firstC. study the principles of flightD. build and fire model rockets42. What is the most important for trainees？_____A. Leadership．B. Team spirit．C. Task planning．D. Survival skills．CPlastic﹣Eating WormsHumans produce more than 300 million tons of plastic every year． Almost half of that winds up in landfills（垃圾填埋场）， and up to 12 million tons pollute the oceans． So far there is no effective way to get rid of it， but a new study suggests an answer may lie in the stomachs of some hungry worms．Researchers in Spain and England recently found that the worms of the greater wax moth can break down polyethylene， which accounts for 40% of plastics． The team left 100 wax worms on a commercial polyethylene shopping bag for 12 hours， and the worms consumed and broke down about 92 milligrams， or almost 3% of it． To confirm that the worms' chewing alone was not responsible for the polyethylene breakdown， the researchers made some worms into paste（糊状物） and applied it to plastic films． 14 hours later the films had lost 13% of their mass﹣﹣apparently broken down by enzymes（酶）from the worms' stomachs． Their findings were published in Current Biology in 2017． Federica Bertocchini， co﹣author of the study， says the worms' ability to break down their everyday food﹣beeswax﹣also allows them to break down plastic． "Wax is a complex mixture， but the basic bond in polyethylene， the carbon﹣carbon bond， is there as well， "she explains． "The wax worm evolved a method or system to break this bond． "Jennifer DeBruyn， a microbiologist at the University of Tennessee， who was not involved in the study， says it is not surprising that such worms can break down polyethylene． But compared with previous studies， she finds the speed of breaking down in this one exciting． The next step， DeBruyn says， will be to identify the cause of the breakdown． Is it an enzyme produced by the worm itself or by its gut microbes（肠道微生物）？Bertocchini agrees and hopes her team's findings might one day help employ the enzyme to break down plastics in landfills． But she expects using the chemical in some kind of industrial process﹣not simply "millions of worms thrown on top of the plastic．"43. What can we learn about the worms in the study？_____A. They take plastics as their everyday food．B. They are newly evolved creatures．C. They can consume plastics．D. They wind up in landfills．44. According to Jennifer DeBruyn， the next step of the study is to_____．A. identify other means of the breakdownB. find out the source of the enzymeC. confirm the research findingsD. increase the breakdown speed45. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that the chemical might_____．A. help to raise wormsB. help make plastic bagsC. be used to clean the oceansD. be produced in factories in future46. What is the main purpose of the passage？_____A. To explain a study method on worms．B. To introduce the diet of a special worm．C. To present a way to break down plastics．D. To propose new means to keep eco﹣balance．DPreparing Cities for Robot CarsThe possibility of self﹣driving robot cars has often seemed like a futurist's dream， years away from materializing in the real world． Well， the future is apparently now． The California Department of Motor Vehicles began giving permits in April for companies to test truly self﹣driving cars on public roads． The state also cleared the way for companies to sell or rent out self﹣driving cars， and for companies to operate driverless taxi services． California， it should be noted， isn't leading the way here． Companies have been testing their vehicles in cities across the country． It's hard to predict when driverless cars will be everywhere on our roads． But however longit takes， the technology has the potential to change our transportation systems and our cities， for better or for worse， depending on how the transformation is regulated． While much of the debate so far has been focused on the safety of driverless cars （and rightfully so），policymakers also should be talking about how self﹣driving vehicles can help reduce traffic jams， cut emissions（排放） and offer more convenient，affordable mobility options． The arrival of driverless vehicles is a chance to make sure that those vehicles are environmentally friendly and more shared． Do we want to copy﹣ or even worsen﹣ the traffic of today with driverless cars？Imagine a future where most adults own individual self﹣driving vehicles． They tolerate long， slow journeys to and from work on packed highways because they can work， entertain themselves or sleep on the ride， which encourages urban spread． They take their driverless car to an appointment and set the empty vehicle to circle the building to avoid paying for parking． Instead of walking a few blocks to pick up a child or the dry cleaning，they send the self﹣driving minibus． The convenience even leads fewer people to take public transport﹣﹣an unwelcome side effect researchers have already found in ride ﹣ hailing（叫车） services．A study from the University of California at Davis suggested that replacing petrol ﹣powered private cars worldwide with electric， self﹣driving and shared systems could reduce carbon emissions from transportation 80% and cut the cost of transportation infrastructure （基础设施） and operations 40% by 2050． Fewer emissions and cheaper travel sound pretty appealing． The first commercially available driverless cars will almost certainly be fielded by ride﹣hailing services， considering the cost of self ﹣driving technology as well as liability and maintenance issues（责任与维护问题）．But driverless car ownership could increase as the prices drop and more people become comfortable with the technology．Policymakers should start thinking now about how to make sure the appearance of driverless vehicles doesn't extend the worst aspects of the car﹣controlled transportation system we have today． The coming technological advancement presents a chance for cities and states to develop transportation systems designed to move more people，and more affordably． The car of the future is coming． We just have to plan for it．47. According to the author，attention should be paid to how driverless cars can_____．A. help deal with transportation﹣related problemsB. provide better services to customersC. cause damage to our environmentD. make some people lose jobs48. As for driverless cars，what is the author's major concern？_____A. Safety．B. Side effects．C. Affordability．D. Management．49. What does the underlined word "fielded" in Paragraph 4 probably mean？_____A. Employed．B. Replaced．C. Shared．D. Reduced．50. What is the author's attitude to the future of self﹣driving cars？_____A. Doubtful．B. Positive．C. Disapproving．D. Sympathetic．Why Do We Get Angry？Anger seems simple when we are feeling it， but the causes of anger are various． Knowing these causes can make us examine our behavior，and correct bad habits． The main reasons we get angry are triggering（触发）events，personality traits （特征），and our assessment of situations．(1)Triggering events for anger are so many that to describe them all would take hundreds of pages． However， here are some examples： being cut off in traffic，a deadline approaching， experiencing physical pain， and much more．(2) Thereason why someone is triggered by something and others are not is often due to one's personal history and psychological traits．Each person， no matter who they are， has psychological imbalances． People who have personality traits that connect with competitiveness and low upset tolerance are much more likely to get angry．(3) Also， sometimes pre﹣anger does not have to do with a lasting condition， but rather a temporary state before a triggering event has occurred．(4) Sometimes even routine occurrences become sources of pre﹣anger，or anger itself． Sometimes ignorance and negative （消极的）outlooks on situations can create anger．(5) However， anger can easily turn violent， and it is best to knowthe reasons for anger to appear in order to prevent its presence． With these main reasons in mind， we can evaluate our level of anger throughout the day and prevent cases of outbursts by comprehending the reasons for our feelings．51. A. Our attitude and viewpoint on situations can create anger within us as wellB. But some types of situations can help us to get rid of the occurrence of anger．C. Anger is rarely looked upon as a beneficial character trait， and is usually advised to reduce it．D. Anger is a particularly strong feeling and maybe people think that they have reasons to feel angry．E. Having these personality traits implies the pre﹣anger state， where anger is in the background of your mind．F. Understanding these reasons will control our own anger if we are willing to evaluate ourselves with a critical eye．G. Not everyone acts the same in response to events， and that is why what triggers one person may or may not trigger another．52. A. Our attitude and viewpoint on situations can create anger within us as wellB. But some types of situations can help us to get rid of the occurrence of anger．C. Anger is rarely looked upon as a beneficial character trait， and is usually advised to reduce it．D. Anger is a particularly strong feeling and maybe people think that they have reasons to feel angry．E. Having these personality traits implies the pre﹣anger state， where anger is in the background of your mind．F. Understanding these reasons will control our own anger if we are willing to evaluate ourselves with a critical eye．G. Not everyone acts the same in response to events， and that is why what triggers one person may or may not trigger another．53. A. Our attitude and viewpoint on situations can create anger within us as wellB. But some types of situations can help us to get rid of the occurrence of anger．C. Anger is rarely looked upon as a beneficial character trait， and is usually advised to reduce it．D. Anger is a particularly strong feeling and maybe people think that they have reasons to feel angry．E. Having these personality traits implies the pre﹣anger state， where anger is in the background of your mind．F. Understanding these reasons will control our own anger if we are willing to evaluateourselves with a critical eye．G. Not everyone acts the same in response to events， and that is why what triggers one person may or may not trigger another．54. A. Our attitude and viewpoint on situations can create anger within us as wellB. But some types of situations can help us to get rid of the occurrence of anger．C. Anger is rarely looked upon as a beneficial character trait， and is usually advised to reduce it．D. Anger is a particularly strong feeling and maybe people think that they have reasons to feel angry．E. Having these personality traits implies the pre﹣anger state， where anger is in the background of your mind．F. Understanding these reasons will control our own anger if we are willing to evaluate ourselves with a critical eye．G. Not everyone acts the same in response to events， and that is why what triggers one person may or may not trigger another．55. A. Our attitude and viewpoint on situations can create anger within us as wellB. But some types of situations can help us to get rid of the occurrence of anger．C. Anger is rarely looked upon as a beneficial character trait， and is usually advised to reduce it．D. Anger is a particularly strong feeling and maybe people think that they have reasons to feel angry．E. Having these personality traits implies the pre﹣anger state， where anger is in the background of your mind．F. Understanding these reasons will control our own anger if we are willing to evaluate ourselves with a critical eye．G. Not everyone acts the same in response to events， and that is why what triggers one person may or may not trigger another．56. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，你的英国朋友Jim在给你的邮件中提到他对中国文化感兴趣，计划明年来北京上大学．他向你咨询相关信息．请给他回邮件，内容包括：1．表示欢迎；2．推荐他上哪所大学；3．建议他做哪些准备工作．注意：1．词数不少于50；2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数．Dear Jim，_____Yours，Li Hua57. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，写一篇英文周记，记述你们上周接待外国学生，带领他们体验中国茶文化的全过程．注意：词数不少于60．答案和解析1.【答案】C【解析】句意：﹣嗨，我是皮特。

2018年北京卷Why Do We Get Angry?Anger seems simple when we are feeling it,but the causes of anger arevarious. Knowing these causes can make us examine our behavior, andcorrect bad habits. The main reasons we get angry are triggering（触发） events, personality traits（特征）, and our assessment ofsituations.______(51)Triggering events for anger are so many that to describe them all would takehundreds of pages. However, here are some examples: being cut off in traffic,a deadline approaching, experiencing physical pain, and muchmore.______(52) The reason why someone is triggered by something andothers are not is often due to one’s personal history and psychological traits.Each person,no matter who they are, has psychological imbalances. Peoplewho have personality traits that connect with competitiveness and low upsettolerance are much more likely to get angry.______(53) Also, sometimes pre-anger does not have to do with a lasting condition, but rather a temporarystate before a triggering event has occurred.______(54) Sometimes even routine occurrences become sources of pre- anger, or anger itself. Sometimes ignorance and negative (消极的)outlookson situations can create anger.______(55) However, anger can easily turn violent, and it is best to know thereasons for anger to appear in order to prevent its presence. With these mainreasons in mind, we can evaluate our level of anger throughout the day andprevent cases of outbursts by comprehending the reasons for our feelings.A. Our attitude and viewpoint on situations can create anger within us as well.B. But some types of situations can help us to get rid of the occurrence ofanger.C. Anger is rarely looked upon as a beneficial character trait, and is usually advised to reduce it.D. Anger is a particularly strong feeling and maybe people think that they have reasons to feel angry.E. Having these personality traits implies the pre-anger state, where anger isin the background of your mind.F.Understanding these reasons will control our own anger if we are willing toevaluate ourselves with a critical eye.G. Not everyone acts the same in response to events, and that is why whattriggers one person may or may not trigger another.参考译文：我们为什么会生气？当我们正在气头上时，愤怒似乎很简单，但是愤怒的原因是多种多样的。