Baseball and American Society,1840-Present

高三英语练习题（十九）一、阅读理解A“Indeed,” George Washington wrote in his diary in 1785, “some kind of fly, or bug, had begun to eat the leaves before I left home.” But the father of America was not the father of bug. When Washington wrote that, Englishmen had been referring to insects as bugs for more than a century, and Americans had already created lightning-bug. But the English were soon to stop using the bugs in their language, leaving it to the Americans to call a bug a bug in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.The American bug could also be a person, referring to someone who was crazy about a particular activity. Although fan became the usual term, sports fans used to be called racing bugs, baseball bugs, and the like.Or the bug could be a small machine or object, for example, a bug-shaped car. The bug could also be a burglar alarm, from which comes the expression to bug, that is, “to install an alarm”. Now it means a small piece of equipment that people use for listening secretly to others’ conversation. Since the 1840s, to bug has long meant “to cheat”, and since the 1940s it has been annoying.We also know the bug as a flaw in a computer program or other design. That meaning dates back to the time of Thomas Edison. In 1878 he explained bugs as “little problems and difficulties” that required months of study and labor to overcome in developing a successful product. In 1889 it was recorded that Edison “had been up the two previous nights discovering ‘a bug’ in his invented record player.”21．We learn from Paragraph 1 that ________.A．Americans had difficulty in learning to use the word bugB．George Washington was the first person to call an insect a bugC．the word bug was still popularly used in English in the nineteenth centuryD．both Englishman and Americans used the word bug in the eighteenth century22．What does the word “flaw” in the last paragraph probably mean?A．Explanation. B．Finding. C．Origin. D．Fault.23．The passage is mainly concerned with ________.A．the misunderstanding of the word bug B．the development of the word bugC．the public views of the word bug D．the special characteristics of the word bugBThe meaning of silence varies among cultural groups.Silences may be thoughtful, or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say. A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness, uneasiness, or worry. Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable; therefore attempts may be made to fill every gap(间隙) with conversation. Persons in other cultural groups value silence and view it as necessary for understanding a person's needs.Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among people, just as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do. Therefore, when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops, what may be implied(暗示) is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing.In these cultures, silence is a call for reflection.Other cultures may use silence in other ways, particularly when dealing with conflicts among people or in relationships of people with different amounts of power. For example, Russian, French, and Spanish persons may use silence to show agreement between parties about the topic under discussion. However, Mexicans may use silence when instructions are given by a person in authority rather than be rude to that person by arguing with him or her. In still another use, persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign of respect, particularly to an elder or a person in authority.Nurses and other care-givers need to be aware of the possible meanings of silence when they come across the personal anxiety their patients may be experiencing. Nurses should recognize their own personal and cultural construction of silence so that a patient’s silence is not interrupted too early or allowed to go on unnecessarily. A nurse who understands the healing(治愈) value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures.24．What does the author say about silence in conversations?A．It implies anger. B．It promotes friendship.C．It is culture-specific. D．It is content-based.25．Which of the following people might regard silence as a call for careful thought?A．The Chinese. B．The French.C．The Mexicans. D．The Russians.26．What does the author advise nurses to do about silence?A．Let it continue as the patient pleases. B．Break it while treating patients.C．Evaluate its harm to patients. D．Make use of its healing effects.27．What may be the best title for the text?A．Sound and Silence B．What It Means to Be SilentC．Silence to Native Americans D．Speech Is Silver; Silence Is GoldCThis month, science fiction magazine Lights peed changed its normal publishing schedule to bring readers a special issue: “Women Destroy Science Fiction! ”It’s more than just a collection of stories entirely edited and written by women. It’s an exhibition of all the ways in which women are writing—and have written.Many of the stories will be considered the best hard science fiction even by the pickiest critics (评论家). For example, Tananarive Due’s Like Daughter deals with what happens when humans have easy access to cloning. The Unfathomable Sisterhood of Ick by Charlie Jane Anders takes place in a future where changing brain chemistry is as common as taking vitamins now.However, it is also true that the authors are more focused on the relations between people, or between people and society, or changing cultural and gender roles. There are stories that refuse to stay firmly within science fiction borders. For example, James Tiptree Jr. ’s Love Is the Plan and the Plan Is Death is a mixture o f horror, mystery and even love, something not commonly seen in science fiction.So are women destroying science fiction?If your idea of science fiction is limited to the concept formed by works like Isaac Asimov’s Night Fall and Arthur Charles Clarke’s Childhood’s End, then many of the stories within these pages may well seem like devastation.“But the stories we read and the stories we tell shape who we are, ” Pat Murphy once said in a famous speech back in 1991. “They also shape the culture they’re born into. Thus, if women keep writing such kind of science fiction, and keep calling it science fiction, the room for science fiction will expand. They will exist nicely beside other kinds of science fiction. ”I cannot agree more. Women have the right to create a space for themselves within science fiction. one filled with their dreams, experiences and realities.28．What is special about the latest edition of Lights peed?A．All the stories are written by female novelists. B．It is a collection of the published love stories. C．It has been well received by most of the critics. D．Every story in it belongs to hard science fiction. 29．Which of the following can be considered non-science-fiction in a strict sense?A．Like Daughter. B．The Unfathomable Sisterhood of Ick. C．Childhood’s End.D．Love Is the Plan and the Plan Is Death. 30．What does the underlined word “devastation” in paragraph 6 mean?A．Destruction. B．Progress.C．Contribution. D．Reward.31．What did Pat Murphy mean in his speech?A．Science fiction is an important part of our life. B．Women are unsuitable to write science fiction. C．The definition of science fiction should be expanded. D．Science fiction should focus mainly on future technologies.DIn recent years, Hollywood has striven to attract the Chinese audience by inviting Chinese actors to make an appearance, shooting scenes in China, or showcasing elements of Chinese culture.In Roland Emmerich’s latest sci-fi disaster movie Moon fall, a variety of Chinese elements, including the appearance of several conversations in the Chinese language, have impressed Chinese viewers, not to mention its visual effects. Opening on March 25 in China, Moon fall tells of how a team of heroes, including two seasoned astronauts, try to save Earth from the collision (碰撞) of the moon, driven by an unknown force. Emmerich already has a strong reputation, built on such blockbusters as 2012 and The Day After Tomorrow, a fact that has drawn the crowds. But the movie has also gained attention due to its easily identifiable Chinese elements.An audience surnamed Zhao was impressed by the re-entry capsule used by the team at the end of their mission, Many fans of Chinese manned space missions believe that the capsule is “made in China”. Such capsul es have appeared in TV broadcast programs showing the successful landing of Chinese astronauts returning to Earth after their missions in space. Zhao said, “The Chinese are making contributions in the face of a disaster. This not only proves the unity of m ankind, but also shows the country’s international status and influence.”“As its overall national strength grows, the influence of China’s science and technology output, as well as theChinese language, has been constantly improving,” said Rao Shuguang, p resident of the China Film Critics Association, Rao, however, pointed out that most Hollywood movies present Chinese elements in a symbolic way. “Many are not properly introducing true Chinese culture,” he said, “and there is still some room for improvemen t.”Market observers expressed the hope that Hollywood can gain a deeper understanding of China and do a better job in cross cultural communication so as to present Chinese elements more actually.32．What does the underlined word “striven” in paragraph 1 m ean?A．Hated. B．Refused. C．Pretended. D．Struggled.33．What may best attract Chinese audience to Moon fall?A．Its noticeable Chinese elements. B．Its director and the interesting story line. C．The Hollywood’s powerful film production team.D．The superb cinematic stunts and beautiful scenes. 34．How did Zhao feel after watching the Moon fall?A．Ridiculous. B．Annoyed. C．Proud. D．Indifferent.35．What do market observers expect Hollywood to do?A．Make more films about saving Earth. B．Further comprehend Chinese culture.C．Meet satisfaction of the Chinese audience. D．Make more movies featuring scientific elements. 七选五In recent years, science fictions are becoming increasingly popular. Science fiction writers using their magical imagination create imaginary worlds that attract a great number of readers especially teenagers. But how can they make it so believable? ____36____The way things work in your imaginary worlds will be based on actual science. So you must be familiar with the scientific laws related to your creation. If you’re writing about humans living on a planet with zero gravity, then you need to know the effects of zero gravity on the human body. ____37____ Only in this way can you gain the readers’ trust.Then the rules in your creation can be different from our daily life, so you have to figure out the exact rules of your imaginary worlds. ____38____ For example, if humans in your creation are able to breathe underwater in Chapter 1, your characters can’t drown(溺水)in a swimming pool or river in Chapter 3.____39____ You should decide the following issues: the history of the world, the geography, what possibilities it offers, how everything works in this new reality, as well as how all of these factors affect the way your characters think, feel, and react. You don’t have to tell your readers all the rules in the first chapter. But you have to let readers know enough to understand what’s going on.When you are writing, remember to make it feel real. You are creating a new real world for the readers. ____40____ They are able to see, hear, feel, smell, and even taste what it’s like in the new world. Whether your novel is about a world without disease or an undiscovered planet, help your readers feel like they’ re actually there.A．And you have to follow them.B．You are inviting them to visit the new world.C．You have to get rich imagination to create science fictions.D．Make sure what you are writing is not against basic science.E．Characters in the imaginary worlds always have super power.F．Here you will find the answer if you are longing to create one.G．Your preparation work also involves planning everything in great detail.完形填空The doctor examined Nuala’s leg. Nuala tried not to cry, but it was a (n) ____41____. Her leg really ached. “How did y ou ____42____ yourself?” asked the doctor.“I jumped off a swing,” said Nuala. “Is it ____43____?”“It sure is,” said the doctor, holding out the X-ray. “See right here?”Two hours later, Nuala left the hospital on crutches (拐杖). Her leg was in a cast (石膏). “What will I tell Ms. Chang? I shouldn’t have…” She felt a deep ____44____.Ms. Chang was Nuala’s dance teacher. The spring dance performance was ____45____ two weeks away. Nuala’s cast would be on for at least six weeks!“She’s going to be so ____46____ with me!” groaned Nuala. But Ms. Chang wasn’t. She said, “We’ll think of something.”Nuala felt ____47____ going on stage with her crutches. “I look stupid,” she ____48____. “I can’t dance with these.”“Have you ever heard of the ____49____, ‘The show must go on?’” said Ms. Chang. Together, they_____50_____ the dance. They thought of how Nuala could move to the music. They brainstormed ways for her to dance on _____51_____.The night of the _____52_____, Ms. Chang almost had to _____53_____ Nuala onto the stage. Nuala’s cast looked _____54_____ and awkward, but she went out and danced. At the end, the audience went wild clapping. They threw roses at Nuala’s feet! The show did _____55_____!41．A．accident B．challenge C．burden D．escape42．A．exercise B．protect C．hurt D．remind43．A．alright B．broken C．complicated D．clear44．A．loss B．regret C．sorrow D．disappointment45．A．already B．nearly C．only D．still46．A．angry B．bored C．careful D．strict47．A．amazed B．confident C．dangerous D．foolish48．A．announced B．admitted C．complained D．explained49．A．expression B．lesson C．rule D．tradition50．A．improved B．practiced C．replayed D．reviewed51．A．crutches B．chairs C．hands D．wheels52．A．concert B．contest C．game D．performance53．A．invite B．lead C．push D．throw54．A．big B．special C．hard D．unnecessary55．A．settle down B．go on C．take off D．turn over限训三语法Peking Opera ____56____ (consider) as a national treasure in China, which dates back to over 200 years ago. The early Qing Dynasty saw the great ____57____ (develop) of this opera. It arose in the late 18th century and became ____58____ (full) developed and recognized by the mid-19th century. It is ____59____ form of traditional Chinese theatre which combines music, vocal performance, mime(哑剧), dance and acrobatics(杂技).Peking Opera comes ____60____ four local operas, Hui Opera in Anhui, Han Opera in Hubei, Kun Opera in Jiangsu and Qingqiang in Shangxi. It has drawn the merits of these local operas and created its own style.Speech, song, dance and combat ____61____ (be) the four classic performing arts in Peking Opera, ____62____ are also the basic skills for performers and are usually trained since the performers are very young. There are many roles in Peking Opera, mainly Sheng, Dan, Jing, and Chou, each of which has ____63____ own costume(服装) and mask-paintings.Many audiences from different ____64____ (country) think that it is the ____65____ (large) and most influential kind of opera in China and the influence is incomparable in China.56____________57____________58____________59____________60____________61____________62____________63____________64____________65____________。

Title:Baseball:America's Traditional SportIntroduction:In this essay,I will explore the rich history and enduring popularity of baseball,often referred to as America's traditional sport.Baseball has deep roots in American culture and has captured the hearts of fans for generations.The sport's blend of strategy,teamwork,and nostalgia makes it a cherished part of American sports heritage.Body:Historical Significance:Baseball holds significant historical importance in the United States.It originated in the mid-19th century and quickly became a popular pastime.The sport has witnessed iconic moments and players who have left a lasting impact on American sports history.Baseball's connection to the nation's past adds to its cultural significance and solidifies its position as a traditional sport.Strategy and Mental Acuity:Baseball is a strategic game that requires mental acuity and decision-making skills.Players and coaches must analyze the game situation, anticipate the opposing team's moves,and make split-second decisions. The strategic elements of baseball,such as pitch selection,defensive positioning,and base running,add depth and complexity to the sport. The ability to outsmart opponents is a key aspect of baseball's appeal.Teamwork and Collaboration:Baseball is a team sport that emphasizes collaboration and teamwork. Players must work together to achieve common goals,such as scoring runs and making successful defensive plays.Each player has a specific role and contributes to the overall success of the team.The camaraderie and unity displayed by baseball teams foster a sense of community and shared purpose.Nostalgia and Tradition:Baseball evokes a sense of nostalgia and tradition.The sport has a timeless quality that connects different generations of fans.Baseball's traditions,such as singing the national anthem,the seventh-inning stretch,and the ceremonial first pitch,create a sense of continuity and reverence for the game's history.The nostalgia associated with baseball adds to its enduring appeal.Fan Engagement and Atmosphere:Baseball games provide a unique fan experience and create an electric atmosphere.The lively cheers,chants,and interactions between fans create a sense of excitement and unity.The ballpark is a gathering place for fans to bond over their love for the game,creating a vibrant and memorable experience.The fan engagement and atmosphere contribute to baseball's status as a beloved sport.Skill and Athleticism:Baseball requires a combination of physical skills and athleticism.Players must possess hand-eye coordination,agility,and throwing accuracy to excel in the sport.Hitting a pitched ball,making diving catches,and throwing with precision are skills that showcase the athleticism of baseball players.The display of skill and athleticism adds to the spectacle and entertainment value of the game.Cultural Impact:Baseball has had a significant cultural impact in the United States.It has been featured in literature,movies,and music,becoming a symbol of American identity.Baseball has transcended the realm of sports and has become ingrained in the fabric of American society.The sport's cultural impact further solidifies its status as America's traditional sport.Conclusion:Baseball's historical significance,strategic elements,teamwork,nostalgia, and cultural impact make it a beloved and traditional sport in America. The sport's enduring popularity and connection to American culture have solidified its place in the hearts of fans.Embracing the world of baseball allows individuals to appreciate the rich history,strategic nuances,and sense of community that make it a cherished part of American sports heritage.。

美国历史知识英语作文Title: A Glimpse into American History。

Throughout its history, the United States of Americahas undergone significant transformations, shaping its identity and influencing global affairs. From its colonial roots to becoming a superpower, the nation's journey is marked by pivotal events and remarkable individuals whohave left indelible imprints on its tapestry. In this essay, we delve into key moments and figures in American history, illuminating the nation's evolution.The colonial period laid the foundation for America's future trajectory. Beginning with the arrival of European settlers in the 17th century, the colonies thrived amidst challenges of establishing governance, cultivating land,and interacting with indigenous peoples. The Mayflower Compact of 1620 symbolized the early settlers' commitmentto self-governance, foreshadowing the principles of democracy that would later define the nation.The American Revolution stands as a watershed moment, catalyzing the quest for independence from British rule. The Declaration of Independence, penned by Thomas Jefferson in 1776, eloquently articulated the colonists' grievances and their aspiration for self-determination. The ensuing Revolutionary War, with iconic figures like George Washington leading the charge, culminated in the Treaty of Paris in 1783, securing America's independence.The founding fathers, guided by principles of liberty and equality, crafted the United States Constitution in 1787, laying the framework for a federal system of government. The Bill of Rights, added in 1791, enshrined fundamental freedoms and protections, ensuring a balance of power and safeguarding individual rights.The 19th century witnessed profound transformations, marked by westward expansion, industrialization, and the abolitionist movement. Manifest Destiny fueled territorial acquisitions, as pioneers ventured into the frontier in pursuit of land and opportunity. The Louisiana Purchase of1803 doubled the nation's size, while the Oregon Trail became a symbol of westward migration.However, the nation grappled with deep-rooted contradictions, particularly concerning slavery. The abolitionist movement gained momentum, led by figures such as Frederick Douglass, Harriet Tubman, and William Lloyd Garrison. The Civil War, fought from 1861 to 1865, became a defining moment in American history, as the Union clashed with the Confederacy over issues of slavery and states' rights. Abraham Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation in 1863 signaled a turning point, paving the way for the eventual abolition of slavery and the reunification of the nation.The post-Civil War era, known as Reconstruction, sought to rebuild the South and address the legacy of slavery. Amendments to the Constitution, including the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments, abolished slavery, granted citizenship and equal protection under the law, and guaranteed voting rights regardless of race.The late 19th and early 20th centuries saw America'semergence as an industrial powerhouse and a global player. The Gilded Age was characterized by rapid industrialization, technological innovation, and vast disparities in wealth. Figures like Andrew Carnegie and John D. Rockefeller amassed fortunes, while labor activists like Eugene V. Debs and Mother Jones fought for workers' rights amidst labor strife and inequality.The Progressive Era, fueled by social reform movements, sought to address the excesses of the Gilded Age andimprove conditions for ordinary Americans. Progressive leaders like Theodore Roosevelt championed regulatory reforms, consumer protection, and conservation efforts, leaving a lasting legacy on American society.The 20th century was marked by America's ascent toglobal prominence and its involvement in world affairs. World War I thrust the nation onto the world stage, as it emerged as a key player in the Allied victory. The Roaring Twenties brought about a period of cultural dynamism and economic prosperity, fueled by technological advancements and shifting social norms.However, the Great Depression of the 1930s exposed the vulnerabilities of the American economy, leading to widespread unemployment and hardship. President Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal initiatives sought to address the crisis through government intervention, ushering in an era of expanded federal power and social welfare programs.World War II cemented America's role as a superpower, as it led the Allied forces to victory against the Axis powers. The post-war period witnessed unprecedented economic growth and the emergence of the United States as a global hegemon. The Cold War rivalry with the Soviet Union shaped American foreign policy, culminating in the space race, arms race, and proxy conflicts around the world.The civil rights movement of the 1950s and 1960s challenged racial segregation and discrimination, leading to landmark legislation such as the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965. Figures like Martin Luther King Jr., Rosa Parks, and Malcolm X became iconic symbols of resistance and perseverance in the struggle forequality.The latter half of the 20th century was marked bysocial upheaval, cultural revolution, and technological innovation. The counterculture movement of the 1960s challenged traditional norms and values, while the feminist movement fought for gender equality and reproductive rights. The digital revolution of the late 20th century transformed communication, commerce, and entertainment, ushering in the Information Age.In conclusion, American history is a tapestry wovenwith the threads of triumph and tribulation, progress and setbacks, courage and conviction. From its colonial origins to its status as a global superpower, the United States has navigated myriad challenges and opportunities, leaving an indelible mark on the world stage. As we reflect on the past, we gain insights into the forces that have shaped the nation and the enduring values that continue to define its identity.。

American Social Movements of the 1960sI. IntroductionAmerican social movements in the 1960s was marked with the quiet "sit-in".On February 1,1960,4 freshmen from a black college in Greensboro went to a store and sat down at the lunch counter which refused to serve the black .The students ,believing the segregation law was wrong ,didn't move and continued to sit . There were three trends in the 1960s in America,the civil rights movements,the young anti-war and the women's liberation movements. "We shall overcome!" "Let it all hang out !" and"Speak your heart without interruption"somehow expressed their attitude and goals in the movements.II. The Three Social Movements of the 1960s1.The Civil Rights MovementIn the 1960s after the World War II ,Afo-Americans were dissatisfied with their lives because of the segregation laws in Southern states.Black and white children couldn't go to the same school ,and most Negroes were not allowed to vote. They were prevented from good jobs and education,which was not the American way of life and couldn't fulfill their American dreams.The civil rights movements began when black people spontaneously protested segregation laws and created organization to make the protest successful.The true beginning was that a black woman named Rosa Parks refused to give her seat to a white man on the bus in 1955.The members of NAACP informed other organization about her act of civil disobedience.Black people began to boycott the bussystem.From Rosa Parks' spontaneous action and from the social base of Negro churchs,community and political organizations ,grew support for protest against segregation.There main organizations were Congress of Racial Equality (CORE),Southern Christian Leadership Conference(SCLE) and the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee(SNCC).Civil rights activists used different direct action tactics .They first used "sit-in" tactics to fight segregation and later ,"freedom rides".Black and white CORE members travelled together on buses to challenge segregation. In the summer of 1963,hundred of thousands of peaceful demonstrators went to Washington DC,where Martin Luther King gave the famous speech "I HA VE A DREAM". In 1965,as racial violence continued ,black people began to change their nonviolence in fighting discrimination into violence.They made Stokely Carmicheal chairman of the SNCC.He spoke about "black power" and organized the Black Panther Party for Self-Defense in Oakland in 1966.In September 1961,the federal government declared segregation illegal in all interstate bus stations.In 1964,the Civil Rights Act was passed Congress and signed into law by President Johnson to improve the racial relations.Legal segregation ended in the South as a result of the civil rights movement.Southern Afro-American can vote.2.The Youth Movement/Anti-War MovementMany young people resented traditional white male values in US society.They believed their fathers were selfish and they don't want to follow their mothers'examples either.Young people believed they had the rights to choose the way they would live their lives.They wanted to work at jobs which were interesting,not just to make money.When the Vietnam began,many people thought it was wrong.Young people,black and white,didn't want to join the army.Mothers didn't want their sons drafted into the army.After working in the South during "Freedom Summer" in 1964,many white students changed greatly in their attitudes and beliefs.In October 1964,students protested that the CORE workers be free and rules against free speech be changed.They sat around the police car for 32 hours.Graduates students organized a strike and closed the university.The young people's "Free Speech Movement"began with success.Later some students formed a "counterculture".They reject capitalism and other American principles.They were looked for happiness and called Hippies which represented a new culture they created.Their direct action strategies included teach-ins,protest marched and rallies,and attacks on federal offices.A loose coalition of many organization was formed under a series of"Mobilization Committees to End the War in Vietnam"The president Johnson decided not to run for re-election in 1968 because of the anger of people.In 1973,the US signed a peace treaty.3. The Women’s MovementMiddle-class white women were well-educated and had the opportunity to work in responsible jobs during WWII. But when men returned from war,they were given thegood jobs.Thus women earned less and had fewer opportunities.They became housewives ,isolated at home with their children.The women movement was started by three groups and an accident.The first was a group of women who were appointed to a Commission on the Status of Women,They found women were not equal with men and situation of some women was shocking.The second group were mostly white housewives and mothers who read Betty Friedan's book,The Feminine Mystique.The book changed the way women thought about themselves and other women.The third group were young activists in the civil rights and anti-war movements.They believed male leaders of these movements were discriminating against women in the movements.They became known as the "women's liberation "group ,or "women's lib",used radical tactics and received a great deal of bad publicity.The accident was a word in the Civil Rights Act,which made discrimination in employment based on race or sex illegal.In 1966,the National Organization for Women(NOW)was formed.They argued that women were strong leaders and organizers and they could do more than simple work such as cooking and secretarial work.They also called for a change in working area and economic practice.To educate the public and the gain support,women used many of the same tactics used by the civil rights and anti-war movements and added some of their own tactics. III ConclusionThe social movements of 1960s had a strong effect on the way people think and act,and caused changes in many laws.However,many of the problems they hoped tosolve still exist in US today.。

奥巴马2013 年4月18日波士顿演讲译文On Monday morning, the sun rose over Boston. The sunlight glistened off the State House Dome. In the commons, in the public garden, spring was in bloom. On this Patriot's Day, like so many before, fans jumped onto the T to see the Sox at Fenway. In Hopkinton, runners laced up their shoes and set out on a 26.2-mile test of dedication and grit and the human spirit.周一清晨，阳光普照波士顿。

州议会大厦圆顶金光闪闪。

在公共空地，在公园，已经是满园春色。

在这个爱国者节，球迷们一如既往地跳上Fenway 公园棒球场的“大三角”看台观看Sox队的精彩竞技。

在霍普金顿，参赛者们系紧鞋带踏上尽显奉献、刚毅和人类精神的26.2英里征程（即42公里129米的马拉松）。

And across this city, hundreds of thousands Bostonians lined the streets to hand the runners cups of water, to cheer them on. It was a beautiful day to be in Boston, a day that explains why a poet once wrote that this town is not just a capital, not just a place. Boston, he said, is the perfect state of grace.在整个波士顿城，市民们沿比赛线路为选手们加油助威，并且不时递上一杯水。

专题限时训练(三十六) [说明文型阅读简答(一)](限时：25分钟)(一)Americans consider baseball as an American sport.They often refer to something being “as American as baseball and apple pie”．But is baseball really an American sport? And what are the origins of baseball anyway?The American game of baseball more than likely came from several European ball games.Russia had an early form of baseball and so did Germany and Romania.People in England played a game called “stool(凳子) ball”. In this game, the pitcher (投手) tried to hit a stool or chair with a ball, and the batter (击球手) used a stick to keep the ball away.But American baseball was most likely based on another English game, which is called “rounders”．Players use a soft ball rather than a hard ball while playing rounders.So when was the first real game of “baseball” played? It seems that it took place in the 1840s.The father of baseball was Alexander Cartwright, who organized a baseball club in New York.Cartwright developed 20 rules that distinguished baseball from previous ball games.In 1858, the first organized baseball league—the National Association of Baseball Players—was formed.This league began charging fans to watch the games.However, the players were all amateurs and did not get paid.In 1869, the Cincinnati Red Stockings began to pay their players.Since they could hire the best players, Cincinnati won 57 games and lost none in their first season.As a result, other teams decided to hire players too.By 1871, the National Association was the first professional baseball league.Today baseball is liked very much in America.Top professional baseball players earn millions of dollars each year.There are two professional leagues —the National League and the American League.The best teams from these two leagues compete for the baseball championship every year.1．What do Americans think of baseball? (No more than 3 words)________________________________________________________________________ 2．Where did the American baseball most probably come from? (No more than 5 words) ________________________________________________________________________ 3．Why was Alexander Cartwright called “the father of baseball”？ (No more than 16 words)________________________________________________________________________ 4．What does the passage mainly talk about? (No more than 5 words)________________________________________________________________________(二)It becomes important for the body to receive adequate amount of proteins as our body neither produces nor stores them.And this can be ensured only when the body can digest proteins properly.Taking sugars into consideration, their digestion startsright from the time they are in the mouth.However, this is not the case with proteins.Their digestion begins in the stomach with the help of hydrochloric acid(盐酸)．The proteins are digested to release amino acids(氨基酸), but they do not get digested easily.Fortunately, there are some things you can do to improve your protein digestibility.For example, you can eat small, frequent meals to improve your protein digestibility.Most of us stick to the habit of taking three heavy meals a day.As mentioned above, proteins aren't easy to digest; usually, it may take 3 hours or more for complete digestion.So eat on a frequent basis to create a suitable environment for protein absorption.Also try eating a meal which is made up of meat and vegetables.When it comes to digestion of protein, drinking water is also ually, it is recommended to drink 8 glasses of water a day.Also, it is advisable to drink water half an hour before and an hour after the meal.Drinking during the meal should be avoided as this dilutes(稀释) the gastric(胃的) juices which are required for digestion.Protein digestibility can also be improved by combining it with vegetables.This would keep the body from getting overloaded with protein thus, helping the tissues to work less hard in taking in the protein.However, remember that protein alone isn't sufficient, and it has to be included in the diet with other nutrients.In other words, a balanced diet is the key to healthy living.1．How can we create a suitable environment for protein absorption? (No more than 4 words)________________________________________________________________________ 2．According to the last paragraph, what should we do for healthy living？(No more than 12 words)________________________________________________________________________ 3．Why shouldn't you drink during the meal？(No more than 10 words)________________________________________________________________________ 4．What is the passage mainly about? (No more than 6 words)________________________________________________________________________(三)There are special moments which require you to congratulate the individual concerned.You can do different things to express your happiness at their achievements.But remember that planning a creative way to congratulate someone depends upon how well you know him/her, and what his/her achievements mean to you.So, how can you say congratulations creatively? You can let balloons say it all for you.Just blow 15 balloons and paint them individually with the letters C O N G R A T U L A T I O N S respectively.Ask 15 different persons to hold it with the letters in front in order and capture the surprised expression on your loved one's face.If you can't find 15 persons to hold those balloons for you, tie them on to something so that the letters on the balloons are visible.If you live apart from the person and wish to congratulate him/her, nothing can get more special than writing down a few congratulatory lines.It's significant thatyou select words that convey how happy you're for his/her achievements and tell him/her how proud you're about his/her success.Saying congratulations on air is also a creative way of putting your message across.There are various radio shows that allow pre­recorded greetings on air.So you can have your congratulations broadcast on the radio to catch the reaction of the person concerned.Gifts were, are, and always will be, a hit when it comes to congratulating people.If you intend to buy a gift for the person yourself, make sure you choose a sensible gift by taking his/her preference into consideration.The safest way is to gift a certificate and let him/her shop by himself/herself.Using any of these ideas and putting efforts into a simple wish will show how much that person's success means to you.1．What should you consider when you are wondering how to congratulate a man？(No more than 13 words)________________________________________________________________________ 2．What kind of words should you select if you write congratulatory lines for a man? (No more than 14 words)________________________________________________________________________ 3．How should you choose a sensible gift for a woman? (No more than 5 words) ________________________________________________________________________ 4．What is the passage mainly about？(No more than 6 words)________________________________________________________________________专题限时训练(三十六)(一)1．An Amercian sport./Very important. 根据第一段Americans consider baseball as an American sport.They often refer to something being “as American as baseball and apple pie”．可判断作答。

万方数据万方数据万方数据万方数据万方数据万方数据万方数据美国棒球电影发展的文化省思作者：张世强， 张世泽， ZHANG Shiqiang， ZHANG Shize作者单位：张世强,ZHANG Shiqiang(台湾立德大学通识教育中心,台北,11143)， 张世泽,ZHANGShize(北台湾科技学院观光事业系,台北,11143)刊名：体育与科学英文刊名：SPORTS & SCIENCE年，卷(期)：2010,31(1)被引用次数：1次1.S.A.Riess Sport and the Redefinition of Middle-Class Masculinity in Victorian America 19972.C.H.Evans Baseball as Civil Religion:The Genesis of an American Creation Story 20023.除了笑闹片、纪录片与传记式电影之外,棒球电影从其早期发展过程中,便已开始与其它各种电影类型相互结合.例如:结合"西部片"(Western)类型的《球赛与土匪》(The Ball Play and the Bendit)(1912)或《西部突围》(Out Of The West)(1926);结合"音乐剧"(Melodramas)类型(本世纪前半好莱坞的主要产品)的《生命中最重要的比赛》(Life's Greatest Game)(1924)或《尽力而为 Catch-As-Catch-Can)(1927)4.R.Edelman The Baseball Film to 1920[外文期刊] 2007(01)5.D.Gomery Movie History:A Survey 19916.C.Levi-Strauss The Raw and the Cooked 19697.美国纽约库伯镇"全国棒球名人堂与博物馆"一楼展览厅中,"电影中的棒球"(Baseball at the Movies),也拥有一个独立而醒目的展览区,展区中不仅贴满著名的棒球电影海报,馆内也不时播放经典棒球电影的片段8.G.Grella Baseball Mystery,Cinema Magic 20039.M.G.Most;R.Rudd Designated Heroes:Cinematic Reflections of Baseball's Cuhural Ideology 200310.M.G.Most;R.Rudd Stars,Stripes and Diamonds:American Culture and the Baseball Film 200611.R.F.Peterson Spalding or Skink:Who Wrote the First Standard History of Baseball 200212.B.E.Carroll American Masculinities:A Historical Encyclopedia 200313.D.Block Basehall Before we Knew It:A Search for the Roots of the Game 200614.M Foucault Discipline and Punish:The Birth of the Prison 199515.S.G.Prestien Past[Im]Perfect:Mythology,Nostalgia,and Baseball 200116.M.G.Most;R Rudd Designated Heros:Cinematic Reflections of Baseball's Cuhural Ideology 200317.《球坛教父》(Cobb)(1994)则是另一部叙述巨星科布晚年岁月的电影,透过他与传记作者的对谈,反省他对于棒球和人性的看法,但本片对于生平的回顾片段只有短短二个场景18.P.Trimble Persistence of Vision:A Study of Babe Ruth in Headin'Home 200319.F.Ardolino From Christ-Like Folk Hero to Bumbling Bacchus:Filmic Images of Babe Ruth,1920-1992 200320.J.L.Price Rounding the Bases:Baseball and Religion in America 200621.A.Guttmann From Ritual to Record:The Nature of Modern Sports 200422.J.L.Price The Picher's Mound as Cosmic Mountain:The Religious Significance of Baseball 200123.C.Albanese America:Religions and Religion 198124.T.Boswell How Life Imitates the world Series:An Inquiry Into the Game 198225.G.Grella Baseball Mystery,Cinema Magic 200326.D.Westbrook Ground Rules:Baseball and Myth 199627.C H.Evans Baseball as Civil Religion:The Genesis of an American Creation Story 200228.R.Elias A Fit for a Fractured Society:Baseball and the American Promise 200129.D.McGimpsey Imagining Baseball:America's Pastime and Popular Culture 200030.W.Goldstein Playing for Keeps:A History of Early Baseball 198931.IM.S.Kimmel The History of Men:Essays in the History of American and Brirish Masculinities 200532.R.F.Burk Much More Than a Game 20011.张军.尚志强.ZHANG Jun.SHANG Zhi-qiang美国体育电影的文化透视[期刊论文]-体育学刊2009,16(1)2.张传来.韩梅.ZHANG Chuan-lai.HAN Mei谈美国体育电影主题的发展[期刊论文]-山西师大体育学院学报2011,26(2)3.黄璐.邱新宇.孙平.付晓春.HUANG Lu.QIU Xin-yu.SUN Ping.FU Xiao-chun好莱坞体育电影剧本创作[期刊论文]-体育成人教育学刊2010,26(4)4.周晚碧青少年棒球防守基础技术和实际运用技术的关系[期刊论文]-沙棘(教育纵横)2010(9)5.王祥茂中国职业棒球未来门票销售策略[期刊论文]-广州体育学院学报2004,24(2)6.程谦.CHENG Qian文体学在大学公共英语写作教学中的应用[期刊论文]-中国西部科技2007(10)7.黄鸣奋.HUANG Ming-fen泛电影:21世纪初的媒体与艺术[期刊论文]-厦门大学学报（哲学社会科学版）2010(5)8.叶子建体育电影对高校体育教学的意义及思考[期刊论文]-电影文学2011(6)9.谭先明.黄晓华.陈小敏.TAN Xian-ming.HUANG Xiao-hua.CHEN Xiao-min运动特质认同度:量表评价与相关研究[期刊论文]-广州体育学院学报2006,26(5)10.侯双宏广州市少年儿童棒垒球肩上传球易犯错误动作分析[期刊论文]-体育师友2007(6)1.黄璐.邱新宇.孙平.付晓春好莱坞体育电影剧本创作[期刊论文]-体育成人教育学刊 2010(4)本文链接：/Periodical_tyykx201001010.aspx。

美国篮球的发展英文作文英文回答：The evolution of basketball in the United States, from its humble beginnings to the global phenomenon it is today, is a testament to the enduring power of innovation and athleticism.In 1891, James Naismith, a Canadian physical education instructor in Springfield, Massachusetts, invented basketball as an indoor game that could be enjoyed during the winter months by students at the International Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA). The game quickly gained popularity with athletic clubs and YMCA groups throughout the country, and in 1894, the first official basketball game was played between two teams of nine players each in Springfield.The early game was much different from the modern version. The backboard was not invented until 1895, and theball was dribbled with one hand only. The game was also played with a soccer ball and two peach baskets as goals.In the early 1900s, basketball began to be played by college teams, and in 1901, the first intercollegiate basketball game was played between the University of Chicago and the University of Iowa. The game quickly spread to other colleges and universities, and by the 1920s, basketball had become a popular spectator sport.In the 1930s, the National Basketball League (NBL) was founded, and in 1949, it merged with the Basketball Association of America (BAA) to form the National Basketball Association (NBA). The NBA quickly grew in popularity, and by the 1950s, it had become one of the most popular sports in the United States.The 1950s and 1960s saw the emergence of some of the greatest basketball players of all time, including Wilt Chamberlain, Bill Russell, and Kareem Abdul-Jabbar. These players helped to popularize the game and make it a global phenomenon.In the 1970s, the NBA began to expand internationally, and by the 1980s, it had become a truly global sport. The 1980s also saw the emergence of the "Dream Team," a team of the best American basketball players, who won the goldmedal at the 1992 Olympics in Barcelona.Today, basketball is one of the most popular sports in the world, played by people of all ages and abilities. The NBA is the most popular professional basketball league inthe world, and its players are among the highest paid athletes in the world.中文回答：篮球发展于1891年，由来自加拿大的詹姆斯·奈史密斯发明，他在马萨诸塞州斯普林菲尔德的一所国际青年基督教协会（YMCA）学校任体育老师。

US Entertainment---SportsPART I Choose the correct an swer.I. _____________________________________________ The most popular baseball league in the U.S. is . A. Major League Football B. Major League BaseballC. the America n LeagueD. the Nati onal League2」nnings are divided into ______ halves, referred to as the top and bottom of the inning.A 1 _B 2C 3D 43. ____ was a truly American originA FootballB baseball CBasketball D ice-hocky4. The 32-team ______ is the most popular and only major professional football league.A NILB NBLC NBA D_NFL5. The typical America n sports of baseball, basketball and football arose from games thatwere brought to America by ____ .A. Native America nsB. the first settlersC. the Africa n slavesD. En glish people6. Which of the followi ng sports is inven ted in the Un ited States?A. FootballB. BasketballC. BaseballD. SoccerPART II Fill in the bla nks1. Baseball is the oldest of the major America n team sports, though baseball is no Ion gerthe most popular sport, it is still referred to as the "national pastime. _________ “2. A baseball game is divided into nine periods of play, called innin gs.3. The National Basketball Association, is the world's premier men's professional basketball league and one of the major professi onal sports leagues of North America4. Football, known as gridiron or American football outside the U.S. and Canada, attracts more televisi on Viewers tha n baseball, and is con sidered the most popular sport in theUn ited States.5. The Un ited States is one of creators of the International Olympic Committee ________6. In 1994, the US hosted _the World Cup_, which sparked in creased in terest i n the sport.7. _Major League Baseball_ is the highest level of professional baseball competition inNorth America.8. The professi onal champi on ship game of _football_ is called the Super Bowl.9. Sports have contributed to racial and social integration and over history have beena social glue ” bonding the country together.III True or False Stateme nt1. ( T) Sports in the US not only provide recreation for its people, but also teachimporta nt values.IV Defi nitio n1. baseballIt is a game between two teams of 9 people. One team trying to gain points by hittinga ball and running around the field, the other tries to stop them by catching the ball andthrow ing it.2. NFLThere are two leagues the AFL (American Football League) and the NFC (NationalFootball Conference) which together are part of the NFL (Nati onal Football League)3. PATAt that stage, the team can earn one additi onal point by kick ing the ball through the goal posts, a Point After Touchdow n.V An swer questio ns 1. What importa nt role do sports play in America n society?US Values 2014I Fill in the bla nks.1. America ns believe that all people have an equal_opportunity tosucceed in life, despite the physical or economic conditions into which they were born.2. America ns focus more on the future than the past and eve n thepresent. Almost all energy is directed towards realizing a betterfuture.3. America n always cherishes the follow ing values: equality, respect, __________ gratitude, ----- loyalty, responsibility.— And, in depe ndence show up inmoder n America n families.II Choose the most appropriate an swer to each questi on orstateme nt.1. America ns are eve n disrespectful of those in authority. What is their prefere nee whe n they are called by people?A. Mr. or Mrs.B. first nameC. middle nameD.last n ameV Explai n each item in your own words1. America n DreamThe so-called American Dream , is a belief that as long as the UnitedStates after a hard struggle will be able to achieve the idea of a betterlife, that is, people have to work through their own hard work.VI Questi ons for short an swers1. The characteristics of un iformity in America n culture.With regard to Ian guage, there is no real regi onal or class variety in speech orusage.There is not much differe nee in habits and ways of livi ng. In gen eral people sharethe same ideas, ideals and objectives.America n people are almost en tirely an urba n society.In gen eral there is not much really dist in ctive regi onal architecture or cookery, music or literature.VII Questi ons for discussi on1. What characteristics of the American values in America impress youmost in the movie < Forrest Gump >?Unit 3 American HolidayFind the exact sig nals or descripti ons of each holidays respectively.Vale nti ne's Day: a festival of roma nee and affect ion by excha nging toke ns of loveSt. Patrick's Day : Be sure to wear gree nEaster: In Christia n coun tries it is celebrated as a religious holiday commemorati ng the resurrect ion of Jesus Christ,April Fools' Day: Play a clever (but harmless) trick or tell a joke to some one with a good sense of humorMothers' Day: earn ati onColumbus Day: It commemorates the discovery of America by Christopher ColumbusHalloween: “ Trick or treat ”Than ksgivi ng Day: turkey Christmas: Santa Claus and his rein deersDefin iti on:Preside nts ' DayIt honors two great America n Preside nts: Abraham Lincoln and George Wash ington. thirdMon day in Feb.Than ksgivi ng Day:It is the fourth Thursday in November , celebrates the first harvest of the Pilgrims after they survived their first win ter in the new world. The theme has always bee n peace and plenty .Martin Luther King ' s DayIt is on Jan. 15th to celebrate the birthday of Martin Luther King, Jr ., a great civil rightsleader who fought aga inst racial discrim in ati on.In depe ndence Day:On July 4th, celebrates the birthday of the U.S. with the sig ning of the Declarati on ofIn depe ndence.Vetera n's DayNovember 11, Also known as Remembra nee Day , Armistice Day . It honors all the brave serviceme n and wome n who have put their lives on the line to defe nd the rights and freedom of all America ns.Than ksgivi ng Day:The fourth Thursday in November , Celebrating a Harvest of tradition. The theme hasalways been peace and plenty .Christmas:December25 ,a joyful religious holiday when Christians celebrate the birth of Jesus ChristSanta Claus: -in folklore, a fat, bearded old man in a red suit who lives at the North Pole and bringschildre n prese nts at Christmas;Unit 5 America n Educati onI. Fill in the bla nks1. Education in the United States is provided mainly by government, with _____con trol and funding coming from three levels: federal, state, and local.2. Elementary school is for the students who are in Grade 1-6 , at the ageof 6-11.3. (Se nior) high school is for the stude nts who are in Grade 9-12, at the age of 14-17 . Defin iti on:Ivy League including 8 universities, namely Brown University, ColumbiaUn iversity, Corn ell Un iversity, Dartmouth College, Harvard Un iversity,University of Pennsylvania , Princeton University, Yale UniversityV. Expla nati on1. What will entitle American students to get the acceptance of collegeand uni versity1) the conditions of application for a college education:2) student 'high school records3) recomme ndati on from their high school teachers4) the impressi on they make duri ng in terview at the uni versity5) their scores on the Scholastic Aptitude Tests (SATs)VI. Compositi onI.What characteristics of the higher educati on in America impress you most?US General IntroductionI Fill in the bla nks.1. Since the time of independence of the United States, _________________ 48con ti nen tal states were added.2. Two states are separated from the continental US, that is Hawaii inthe Pacific _______ Ocean and Alaska to the northwest of Canada.3. In the US, there are 4 time zones form the east to west.4. “ WASP ” sta nds for White An glo-Sax on Protesta nt5. Among the Great Lakes, Lake Michigan is the only one entirely in theUn ited States.6. Washi ngton, D.C is n amed after George Washington and Christo __________ ColumbusOcea n to the west and Atla ntic Ocea n to the east.8. The federal district of USA is Washington, D.C. and the largest city is New York City9. Appalachian Mountains are in the eastern part and the RockyMountains are in the western part.7. The country is situated mostly in central North America,with Canada_ to the north and Mexico to the south, the PacificII Choose the most appropriate an swer to each questi on or stateme nt.1. How many continental states were there at the time of independence ofthe US?A. 35B. 48C. 13D.502. Which of the following was the last continental state added to theUnion?A. Ken tuckyB. ArizonaC. PennsylvaniaD. Alaska3. Which of the following description of uniformity of American culture is not true?A. People in gen eral share the same ideas, ideals and objectivesB. There is no real regional or class variety in speech of usage of En glish.C. There is not much really distinctive regional architecture or cookery.D. Generally speaking people have the same ethnic background.4. Which states are geographically separated from the America nA_ Hawaii and Alaska. B Hawaii and Ariz ona con ti nent?C Arizona and AlaskaD Alaska and New York5. The biggest city in the US is _____ .A. Los An gelsB. New YorkC. ChicagoD. San Fran cisco6. Which two lakes con sist of Niagara Falls?A. Lakes Superior and Michiga nB. Michiga n and HuronC. Huro n and ErieD. Erie and On tario7. What are the five famous symbols of America n culture?ABarbie Doll, American Gothic, Buffalo Nickel, Uncle Sam, TheStatue of LibertyB. Uncle Sam, The Statue of Liberty, Coca-cola, Barbie Doll, America nGothicC. America n Gothic, Buffalo Nickel, Uncle Sam, Coca-cola, The Statueof LibertyD. Coca-cola, Barbie Doll, Buffalo Nickel, Uncle Sam, The Statue of Liberty8. What are the n atio nal rose and tree of US?A. rose and palm rose and oak - C. tulip and oak D. tulip and palmIII Judge whether each statement is true(T) or false(F).1. (T) Hawaii became the 50 th states of the Uni ted States in the 1948.2. (F) The largest of the racial and ethnic minorities in the US is the Hispa ni cs.3. (F) The Grand Canyon is located in the state of Colorado.4. (T) The first thirtee n states of the Un ited States mai nly located alongthe easter n seaboard5. (T) Arizona was the last continental state which joined the Union inthe 1912.6. (T) Hollywood located in Los An gels.1. Fi nd the nickn ames of the followi ng States in the USA.Arka nsas: Land of Opport un ityCalifornia: Golde n StateColorado: Centennial StateFlorida: Sunshine StateHawaii: Aloha StateAlaska: Land of Midnight Sun; the Last Frontier ；Peninsula State Massachusetts: Old Colony State ; Bay StateV Explai n each item in your own words1. diversity of the peopleIt refers to the different origins of the immigrants (different ethnic backgrounds) and the differences between the first generation of immigra nts and Ion g-established America ns.2. Man hattan Isla ndIt is south-east part of New York City.It is the center of the City and includes things that are famous to the world: Wall Street, Fifth Avenue, Broadway, the Empire State Building. Rockefeller Cen tre, the Un ited Natio ns Building, Cen tral Park, Harlem and so onVI Questi ons for short an swers1. Which was the “ mother country ”？The UK was considered as the mother country of the original thirteencolonies in North America.2. Why does Manhattan Island include everything that most people thinkof whe n they say “ New York ”？Because famous places like Wall Street, Fifth Avenue, Broadway, theEmpire State Buildi ng, Rockefeller Cen tre, Cen tral Park, Harlem and so on are on this isla nd.Chapter 2 American History 2014II Questio ns and An swers on the Text1. Who was Christopher Columbus?He was a mariner from Italy who voyaged to North America.2. When did Columbus set sail?In 1492.3. Where and whe n was the first En glish colony foun ded?At Jamestow n, Virgi ni a, in 1607.4. How did the early coloni sts in Virginia man age to earn mon ey?They discovered a way to earn money by grow ing tobacco.5. Who established several settleme nts in New En gla nd?En glish Purita ns.6. When did the Pilgrims cross the Atla ntic in the ship Mayflower?In 1620.7. How many colonies had En glish settlers occupied by 1733?Thirtee n8. In colonial time, which act ruled that special tax stamps to be attached to all n ewspapers?The stamp Act9. How did a group of patriots in 1773The Second Con ti nen tal Con gress1. After the first shot of the America n War of in depe ndence was fired at Lex ingtonon April 19,1775, the Seco nd Continental Co ngress met in Philadelphia in May 1775.2. It began to assume the functions of a national government. It founded aContinen tal Army and Navy un der the comma nd of George Wash ington, and bega nto print paper money and opened diplomatic relations with foreign powers. It adopted on July 4, 1776 the Declarati on of In depe ndence which was drafted by Thomas Jeffers on.The Bill of Rights1. In order to in sure in dividual liberties, ten ame ndme nts —the bill of Rights wereadded to the Con stitutio n in 17912. It guara nteed freedom of religi on, a free press, free speech, the right of citize nsto bear arms, protect ion aga inst illegal house searches, the right to a fair trial by jury and protect ion aga inst“ cruel and unu sual puni shme ntsThe Ema ncipati on Proclamati on1. After the Civil War began, Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation on Janu ary1, 1863 to win moresupport at home and abroad.2. It gra nted freedom to all slaves in areas still con trolled by the Con federacy.Recon struct ion1. After the Civil War, the US Con gress put forward the program of Rec on structio n, or reform, of the Souther nstates.2. The program was bitterly opposed by most Souther n whites3. It en ded in 1877, whe n new con stituti ons had bee n ratified in all souther n statesand all federal troops were withdraw n from the south.The Ku Klux Kla n1. After the Civil War, some souther n whites formed the Ku Klux Klan.2. It was a violent secret society that hoped to protect white interests andadvantages by terrorizing blacks and preventing them from making social advances.3. By 1872, the federal gover nment had suppressed the Klan, but it revived several times in later history.Fran klin D. Roosevelt1. A former Democrat gover nor of New York state, he was elected preside nt in 1932.2. With in the historic “ Hun dred Days ” , he laun ched the New Deal program to dealwith the Depressi on3. He expla ined his politics to the public in a series Depressi on, many America ns con sidered him as one of themost respected preside nts in America n history.The Social Security Act1. As part of the New Deal program, the Social Security Act was passed in 1935.2. It established contributory old- age and survivors pen sions and a joint federal-state program of un employment in sura nee.Social ProblemI choose the correct answer1. Who is responsible for the War on Poverty?A Nixon BJohnson C Kennedy D Michael Harrington2. Which of the following is not drug?AMafia B Heroin C LSD D Cocaine3. Which of the following publishes the Uniform CrimeReports?A the CIAB The Law Enforcement AssistanceAdministration.C_The FBI D The Supreme Court4. Those arrested for crimes are disproportionately likelyto be three of the following except __________ .A a city residentB youngC a member of a racial majorityD male5. Drug abuse is a social problem because of the following dysfunctions except that ________ .A it is strongly associated with crimeB it is blamed for half of the annual total of road traffic fatalitiesC drug dependence takes a significant toll on personal health and safety D_the profits of organized crime associated with drug arean economic cost to society.II Fill in the blanks〔.Poverty reemerged as a social program in the 1960s andwas perceived as a condition that represented a glaring gap between American ideals and American reality. _______________2」n 1960s, two American Presidents, President Kennedy and President Johnson, tried to solve the problem of poverty.3. Name two of the programs that were associated with the War on Poverty: VISTA and Job Corps .4. Much of medifraud takes place in Medicaid mills. ___5. Name two kinds of outlawed drugs: heroin and LSD. __6. Drug abuse has become the most challenging social problem in the US.7. The large corporations maintain professional lobbyistsin Washington to further their own interests.III True or False1. (T) The earliest two medical insurance programs areBlue Cross and Blue Shield.2. (F) Former President Carter said that crime is America ' snumber one enemy .3. (T)The medical bills associated with serious illnessaccount for half of the bankruptcies in the United States each year .4. (T)The American crime statistic often overlook the white-collar .5. (F) Non-profit is the primary goal of Americanhealth-care system.IV answer the questions:Medicare and Medicaid:1. In 1965 Congress passed legislation creating two newhealth insurance programs —medicare and Medicaid.2. they are designed to make medical care more freely availablerespectively to the people over the age of sixty-five and the people with very low income.3. however, these programs have become a major cause of runaway costsin the medical system because the levelof fees is set by hospitals and doctors, at the federaland state governments.4. the programs also lead to rampant medifraud.Chapter 2 America n HistoryII Questions and Answers on the T ext1. Who was Christopher Columbus?He was a mari ner from Italy who voyaged to North America.2. When did Columbus set sail?In 1492.3. Where and when was the first English colony founded?At Jamestow n, Virginia, in 1607.4. How did the early coloni sts in Virginia man age to earn mon ey?They discovered a way to earn money by grow ing tobacco.5. Who established several settlements in New England?En glish Purita ns.6. When did the Pilgrims cross the Atlantic in the ship Mayflower?In 1620.7. How many colonies had English settlers occupied by 1733?Thirtee n8. In col on ial time, which act ruled that special tax stamps to be attached to all newspapers?The stamp Act9. How did a group of patriots in 1773The Second Con ti nen tal Con gress1. After the first shot of the American War of independence wasfired at Lexington on April 19,1775, the Second ContinentalCon gress met in Philadelphia in May 1775.2. It began to assume the functions of a national government. It foun ded aContinen tal Army and Navy un der the comma nd of George Washington, and began to print paper money and ope ned diplomatic relatio ns with foreig n powers. It adopted onJuly 4, 1776 the Declaration of Independence which was drafted by ThomasJeffers on.The Bill of Rights1. In order to in sure in dividual liberties, ten ame ndme nts The billof Rights were added to the Con stituti on in 17912. It guaranteed freedom of religion, a free press, free speech,the right of citizens to bear arms, protection against illegalhouse searches, the right to a fair trial by jury and protecti onaga inst “ cruel and unu sual puni shme nts ”The Eman cipati on Proclamatio n1. After the Civil War began, Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamati on onJanu ary1, 1863 to win more support at homeand abroad.2. It gra nted freedom to all slaves in areas still con trolled by theCon federacy.Rec on structio n1. After the Civil War , the US Congress put forward the program of Recon struction, or reform, of the Southern states.2. The program was bitterly opposed by most Southern whites3. It ended in 1877, when new constitutions had been ratified inall souther n states and all federal troops were withdraw n from the south.The Ku Klux Kia n1. After the Civil War , some southern whites formed the Ku KluxKia n.2. It was a vioient secret society that hoped to protect whitein terests and adva ntages by terroriz ing blacks and preve nti ngthem from maki ng social adva nces.3. By 1872, the federal government had suppressed the Klan, butit revived several times in later history.Fra nkli n D. Roosevelt1. A former Democrat governor of New York state, he was electedpreside nt in 1932.2. Within the historic “ Hundred Days ” , he launched the New Dealprogram to deal with the Depressi on3. He explained his politics to the public in a series Depression,many America ns con sidered him as one of the most respected preside nts in America n history.The Social Security Act1. As part of the New Deal program, the Social Security Act waspassed in 1935.2. It established contributory old- age and survivors ' pensions anda joi nt federal-state program of un employme nt in sura nee.US Government and PolitiesI Fill in the bla nks. 4. The US Con gress can removea Preside nt by a special ki nd of political trial called impeachme nt 5. In 1971, a con stituti onal ame ndme nt set the minimum voti ng age at 186. The 13th Amendment abolished slavery in the United States.7. Congress can override a presidential veto, but to do so, 2/3 of each chamber must vote in favor of the bill.II Choose the most appropriate an swer to each questi on or stateme nt.1. How many terms was Fran kli n Roosevelt elected for?A oneB TwoC Three DFour2. How many seats does the House of Represe ntatives have?A 635 B_100 C 435 D 3453. Who was the first US Preside nt resig ned from office?A An drew Joh nson B_ Richard Nixo n C Gerald Ford D Jimmy Carter5. The removal of Justices can only be done through ______ .A the Preside ntB the Con gress C_impeachme nt D the Supreme Court6. what is the most important weapon in the hand of Supreme Court? A. Veto B. Overrid ing a veto C. Impeachme nt D. Judicial review.7. There are curre ntly ___ Supreme Court justices on the ben ch. A. 7 B. 9 C. 11 D. 138. The role of the America n preside nt in cludes the followi ng EXCEPT __A. comma nd the armed forcesB. n egotiate and sig n treatiesC. pass lawsD. appo int certa in pers onnel9. Each members of Con gress is elected by the people of his or her state. The House ofReprese ntatives, with membership based on state populati ons, has ___ seats. A. 435 B. 100 C. 50 D. 20010. _____ w on the preside ncy four times but died shortly into his last term.A. George Wash ingtonB. Thomas Jeffers onC. Abraham Lin coln D_Fra nkli n Rooselvt 1. for both Houses are held in November each 2. The state executive power is give n to thepower is give n to the Preside nt 3. The executive , the legislature theFederal gover nment.The US preside ntial electio n is held in November each leap year, while electi ons even-nu mbered year. gover nor while the federal executive and the judicial are three bran ches ofIII Judge whether each statement is true(T) or false(F).1. (T)The supreme law in the US is the Con stituti on2. (F) The constitutional amendment in 1933 outlawed alcoholic liquor, but anotherame ndme nt allowed it aga in in 1919.3. (F) The Supreme Court is composed of eight Justices who are appo in ted for life by thePreside nt with the consent of the Sen ate .4. (T) The basic system of law in US courts has bee n developed from the En glish Com mon Law.5. (F) Most of the bills in troduced to Con gress can even tually become law .6. (F) For the US, one of the basic prin ciples is socialist democracyV Questi ons for short an swers1. The duty of gover nors1 to carry out the laws made by the legislative assembly2 to do those things that are n ecessary for the con duct of gover nment not n ecessarily based on specific legal powers2. Federalism1. the state give up their rights to con duct separate relatio ns with each other and withthe outside world, but each state kept the basic powers of government for itself within its own territory .the federal gover nment should have only the powers which are n ecessary for providi ng for the matters which are n ecessary for providi ng for the matters which are of com mon in terest to them all.VII Questi ons for discussi onCompared to other types of political systems, what can we lear n from America n desig n of gover nment? Please list two sets of merits and demerits of America n gover nment.US Entertainment——MusicPART I Choose the correct an swer.1. __ in ated in the 1940s of the Un ited States, beg inning to be pop inthe early 1950s and quickly beco ming popular in the world.A rockB country musicC musicalD pop music2. People called ______ as “ the king of rock musicA Michael Jacks on B. Elvis Aaro n Presley C Joh n Dennver D. George Strait3. Country music is rooted in the 1920s from the traditional in tegrated except with . ___ A. Gospel music B. Celtic music C. classical music D. In dia n music4. Michael Jacks on is the sec ond Elvis Presley, known as the . ____ A. Ki ng of Jazz B. King of Rock C. King of Pop D. King of Hip-hop5. Musical text by the follow ing several parts compositi on except . _____ A. Lyrics B. Score C. Singers D. book/script6. Who had won four trophies at the 2010 Grammy Awards? A Taylor Swift B. Just in Bieber C. Beyo nee D. Adele7. Typical Africa n America n musical styles in clude the follow ing except A. Jazz B. rock and roll C. hip hop D. folk music —8. Jazz ' s roots is believed to come from _______________ A. New Orlea ns B. Chicago C. Hust on D. San Fran cisco9. In the ____ , jazz became a major part of America n music A. 1920s B. 1930s C. 1980s D. 1960s 10. Country music bands of the early twentieth century primarily consisted of the followi ng in strume nts EXCEPT . _______ A. the fiddle B guitar C banjo D. pia no ______ 11. Hip-hop music bega n in _____ in the 1970s. A. New York City B. Appalachia n Mou ntai n C. California D. Nashville _ 12. ___ was a comb in ati on of jazz and other “ racefolk music, music with the lyrcontent and format of the blues.A. Rhythm&BluesB. Rock and rollC. Cou ntry musicD. FunkPART II Fill in the blanks1. Rock and roll developed out of coun try, blues, and R&B. _____2. Today subject of country music is “ the good old days . ”3. Rhvthm and Blues is the full translation of “ R&B ” , it still transition between Bruce and soul music.4. The Grammy Awards are prese nted annu ally by the Nati onal Academy of _________________Recording Arts and Sciences of the Unit ed States for outstandi ng achieveme ntsin the music in dustry.5. The typical represe ntative figure Cohe n said "Broadway musical father" ______________6. Musical orig in can be traced back to the 19th cen tury Operetta, Comedy and __________black play.III True or False Stateme nt1. (F) Common in strume nts used in country music are trumpet, pia no, andsaxophone.2. (T) Rock ' s meaning is to criticized the social problems bravely and let out tothe disc ontent of reality.3. (T) The typical represe ntative figure Cohe n said "Broadway musical father".4. (T) The Broadway musical can point in the Broadway musical stage area, refers to all the approximate Broadway musical style。