建筑词汇10

(完整版)工程英语词汇一、基础工程词汇1. 工程：Engineering2. 项目：Project3. 设计：Design4. 施工：Construction5. 监理：Supervision6. 材料：Material7. 结构：Structure8. 质量：Quality9. 安全：Safety10. 进度：Schedule二、土木工程词汇1. 土壤：Soil2. 基础：Foundation3. 桥梁：Bridge4. 隧道：Tunnel5. 路面：Pavement6. 水利：Hydraulic Engineering7. 港口：Harbor8. 道路：Road9. 铁路：Railway10. 地铁：Subway三、建筑工程词汇1. 建筑物：Building2. 楼层：Floor3. 墙体：Wall4. 屋顶：Roof5. 窗户：Window6. 门：Door7. 楼梯：Stairs8. 幕墙： Curtain Wall9. 装修：Decoration10. 室内设计：Interior Design四、电气工程词汇1. 电路：Circuit2. 电线：Wire3. 开关：Switch4. 插座：Outlet5. 发电机：Generator6. 变压器：Transformer7. 电动机：Motor8. 电池：Battery9. 照明：Illumination10. 控制系统：Control System五、机械工程词汇1. 机械：Machine2. 零件：Part3. 轴承：Bearing4. 齿轮：Gear5. 润滑：Lubrication6. 紧固件：Fastener7. 焊接：Welding8. 冲压：Stamping9. 加工：Machining10. 装配：Assembly六、环境工程词汇1. 环境：Environment2. 污染：Pollution3. 废水：Wastewater4. 废气：Waste Gas5. 噪音：Noise6. 固体废物：Solid Waste7. 污染治理：Pollution Control8. 节能：Energy Saving9. 环保：Environmental Protection10. 可持续发展：Sustainable Development七、信息技术工程词汇1. 信息技术：Information Technology (IT)2. 网络：Network3. 服务器：Server4. 数据库：Database5. 编程：Programming6. 软件开发：Software Development7. 硬件：Hardware8. 云计算：Cloud Computing9. 大数据：Big Data八、化学工程词汇1. 化学反应：Chemical Reaction2. 流体力学：Fluid Mechanics3. 热力学：Thermodynamics4. 分离过程：Separation Process5. 反应器：Reactor6. 材料 science：Material Science7. 质量传递：Mass Transfer8. 能量传递：Energy Transfer9. 过程控制：Process Control10. 安全工程：Safety Engineering九、航空航天工程词汇1. 航空：Aeronautics2. 航天：Astronautics3. 飞行器：Aircraft4. 发射：Launch5. 航天器：Spacecraft6. 导航：Navigation7. 飞行控制系统：Flight Control System8. 火箭：Rocket9. 卫星：Satellite10. 航天站：Space Station十、生物医学工程词汇1. 生物医学：Biomedical2. 生物材料：Biomaterial3. 医疗设备：Medical Device4. 生物力学：Biomechanics5. 细胞工程：Cell Engineering6. 基因工程：Genetic Engineering7. 仿生学：Bionics8. 生物传感器：Biosensor9. 医学影像：Medical Imaging10. 组织工程：Tissue Engineering十一、项目管理词汇1. 项目管理：Project Management2. 项目经理：Project Manager3. 项目规划：Project Planning4. 项目预算：Project Budget5. 项目进度：Project Schedule6. 风险管理：Risk Management7. 质量管理：Quality Management8. 成本控制：Cost Control9. 团队协作：Team Collaboration10. 项目交付：Project Delivery十二、建筑信息模型(BIM)词汇1. 建筑信息模型：Building Information Modeling (BIM)2. 三维模型：3D Model3. 四维建模：4D Modeling（时间维度）4. 五维建模：5D Modeling（成本维度）5. BIM软件：BIM Software6. 模型协调：Model Coordination7. 数字化施工：Digital Construction8. BIM协作：BIM Collaboration9. 可视化：Visualization10. 仿真分析：Simulation Analysis十三、绿色建筑与可持续性词汇1. 绿色建筑：Green Building2. 可持续性：Sustainability3. 节能：Energy Efficiency4. 碳排放：Carbon Emission5. 绿色认证：Green Certification6. 生态设计：Esign7. 资源循环：Resource Recycling8. 生物多样性：Biodiversity9. 低影响开发：Low Impact Development (LID)10. 环境生命周期评估：Environmental Life Cycle Assessment十四、电子工程与自动化词汇1. 电子工程：Electronics Engineering2. 电路板：Circuit Board3. 集成电路：Integrated Circuit (IC)4. 传感器：Sensor5. 自动化：Automation6. 控制系统：Control System7. 技术：Robotics8. 伺服电机：Servo Motor9. 可编程逻辑控制器：Programmable Logic Controller (PLC)10. 工业互联网：Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT)十五、地质工程与矿业词汇1. 地质工程：Geological Engineering2. 地层：Stratum3. 岩土工程：Geotechnical Engineering4. 钻探：Drilling5. 矿业：Mining6. 采掘：Excavation7. 岩石力学：Rock Mechanics8. 地下水：Groundwater9. 防滑坡：Landslide Prevention10. 矿物加工：Mineral Processing。

（建筑装修）ROOFING & CEILING 屋面及天棚WALL(CLADDING) 墙体(外墙板)FLOOR & TRENCH 地面及地沟DOORS 、GLASS、WINDOWS & IRONMONGERY(HARDWARE)门、玻璃、窗及五金件STAIRCASE、LANDING & LIFT(ELEV ATOR) 楼梯、休息平台及电梯GENERAL ROOM NAME 常用房间名称办公室office服务用房service room换班室shift room休息室rest room (break room)起居室living room浴室bathroom淋浴间shower更衣室locker room厕所lavatory门厅lobby诊室clinic工作间workshop电气开关室switch room走廊corridor档案室archive电梯机房lift motor room车库garage清洁间cleaning room会议室(正式) conference room会议室meeting room衣柜间ward robe暖风间H.V.A.C room饭店restaurant餐厅canteen, dining room厨房kitchen入口entrance接待处reception area会计室accountant room秘书室secretary room电气室electrical room控制室control room工长室foreman office开关柜室switch gear前室antecabinet (Ante.)生产区production area马达控制中心Mcc多功能用房utility room化验室laboratory room经理室manager room披屋(阁楼) penthouse警卫室guard house地下室basement, cellar地漏floor drainDOORS, GLASS, WINDOWS& IRONMONGERY(HARDWARE)门、玻璃、窗及五金件木(钢)门wooden (steel) door镶板门panelled door夹板门plywood door铝合金门aluminum alloy door卷帘门roller shutter door弹簧门swing door推拉门sliding door平开门side-hung door折叠门folding door旋转门revolving door玻璃门glazed door密闭门air-Tight door保温门thermal insulating door镀锌铁丝网门galvanized steelwire mesh door防火门fire door(大门上的)小门wicket门框door frame门扇door leaf门洞door opening结构开洞structural opening单扇门single door双扇门double door疏散门emergency door纱门screen door门槛door sill门过梁door lintel上冒头top rail下冒头bottom rail门边木stile门樘侧料side jumb槽口notch木窗wooden window钢窗steel window铝合金窗aluminum alloy window百叶窗(通风为主) sun-bind, louver (louver, shutter, blind)塑钢窗plastic steel window空腹钢窗hollow steel window固定窗fixed window平开窗side-hung window推拉窗sliding window气窗transom上悬窗top-hung window中悬窗center-pivoted window下悬窗hopper window活动百叶窗adjustable louver天窗skylight老虎窗dormer window密封双层玻璃sealed double glazing钢筋混凝土过梁reinforced concrete lintel钢筋砖过梁reinforced brick lintel窗扇casement sash窗台window sill窗台板window board窗中梃mullion窗横木mutin窗边木stile压缝条cover mould窗帘盒curtain box合页(铰链) hinge (butts)转轴pivot长脚铰链parliament hinge闭门器door closer地弹簧floor closer插销bolt门锁door lock拉手pull链条chain门钩door hanger碰球ball latch窗钩window catch暗插销insert bolt电动开关器electric opener平板玻璃plate glass夹丝玻璃wire glass透明玻璃clear glass毛玻璃(磨砂玻璃) ground glass (frosted glass)防弹玻璃bullet-proof glass石英玻璃quartz glass吸热玻璃heat absorbing glass磨光玻璃polished glass着色玻璃pigmented glass 玻璃瓦glass tile玻璃砖glass block有机玻璃organic glass原木log圆木round timber方木square timber板材plank木条batten板条lath木板board红松red pine白松white pine落叶松deciduous pine云杉spruce柏木cypress白杨white poplar桦木birch冷杉fir栎木oak榴木willow榆木elm杉木cedar柚木teak樟木camphor wood防腐处理的木材preservative-treated lumberMetallic Materials 金属材料黑色金属ferrous metal圆钢steel rob Bar方钢square steel扁钢steel flat型钢steel section (shape)槽钢channel角钢angle steelNon-Ferrous Metal 有色金属金gold白金platinum铜copper黄铜brass青铜bronze银silver铝aluminum铅leadAnti-Corrosion Materials 防腐蚀材料Paint 油漆底漆primer防锈底漆rust-inhibitive primer防腐漆anti-corrosion paint调和漆mixed paint无光漆flat paint透明漆varnish银粉漆aluminum paint磁漆enamel paint干性油drying oil稀释剂thinner焦油tar沥青漆asphalt paint桐油tung oil, Chinese wood oil红丹red lead铅油lead oil建筑原理architectonics建筑形式architectural style民用建筑civil architecture城市建筑urban architecture农村建筑rural architecture农业建筑farm building工业建筑industrial building重工业的heavy industrial轻工业的light industrial古代建筑ancient architecture现代建筑modern architecture 标准化建筑standardized buildings 附属建筑auxiliary buildings城市规划city planning厂区内within site厂区外offsite封闭式closed type开敞式open type半开敞式semi-open type模数制modular system单位造价unit cost概算preliminary estimate承包商constructor, contractor现场site扩建extension改建reconstruction防火fire-prevention防震aseismatic, quake-proof防腐anti-corrosion防潮dump-proof防水water-proof防尘dust-proof防锈rust-proof车流量traffic volume货流量freight traffic volume人流量pedestrian volume透视图perspective drawing建筑模型building modelName Of Professional role 职务名称项目经理project manager (PM)设计经理design manager首席建筑师principal architect总工程师chief engineer土木工程师civil engineer工艺工程师process engineer电气工程师electrical engineer机械工程师mechanical engineer计划工程师planning engineer助理工程师assistant engineer 实习生probationer专家specialist, expert制图员draftsman技术员technician排水drainage, dewatering排水沟drainage ditch排水孔weep hole, drain hole排水设备dewatering equipment 净高clear height净距clear distance净空clearanc。

⼀. 综合类 1.geotechnical engineering岩⼟⼯程 2.foundation engineering基础⼯程 3.soil, earth⼟ 4.soil mechanics⼟⼒学 cyclic loading周期荷载 unloading卸载 reloading再加载 viscoelastic foundation粘弹性地基 viscous damping粘滞阻尼 shear modulus剪切模量 5.soil dynamics⼟动⼒学 6.stress path应⼒路径 7.numerical geotechanics 数值岩⼟⼒学 ⼆. ⼟的分类 1.residual soil残积⼟ groundwater level地下⽔位 2.groundwater 地下⽔ groundwater table地下⽔位 3.clay minerals粘⼟矿物 4.secondary minerals次⽣矿物 ndslides滑坡 6.bore hole columnar section钻孔柱状图 7.engineering geologic investigation⼯程地质勘察 8.boulder漂⽯ 9.cobble卵⽯ 10.gravel砂⽯ 11.gravelly sand砾砂 12.coarse sand粗砂 13.medium sand中砂 14.fine sand细砂 15.silty sand粉⼟ 16.clayey soil粘性⼟ 17.clay粘⼟ 18.silty clay粉质粘⼟ 19.silt粉⼟ 20.sandy silt砂质粉⼟ 21.clayey silt粘质粉⼟ 22.saturated soil饱和⼟ 23.unsaturated soil⾮饱和⼟ 24.fill (soil)填⼟ 25.overconsolidated soil超固结⼟ 26.normally consolidated soil正常固结⼟ 27.underconsolidated soil⽋固结⼟ 28.zonal soil区域性⼟ 29.soft clay软粘⼟ 30.expansive (swelling) soil膨胀⼟ 31.peat泥炭 32.loess黄⼟ 33.frozen soil冻⼟ 三. ⼟的基本物理⼒学性质 compression index 2.cu undrained shear strength 3.cu/p0 ratio of undrained strength cu to effective overburden stress p0 (cu/p0)NC ,(cu/p0)oc subscripts NC and OC designated normally consolidated and overconsolidated, respectively 4.cvane cohesive strength from vane test 5.e0 natural void ratio 6.Ip plasticity index 7.K0 coefficient of "at-rest "pressure ,for total stressesσ1 andσ2 8.K0' domain for effective stressesσ1 ' andσ2' 9.K0n K0 for normally consolidated state 10.K0u K0 coefficient under rapid continuous loading ,simulating instantaneous loading or an undrained condition 11.K0d K0 coefficient under cyclic loading(frequency less than 1Hz),as a pseudo- dynamic test for K0 coefficient 12.kh ,kv permeability in horizontal and vertical directions, respectively 13.N blow count, standard penetration test 14.OCR over-consolidation ratio 15.pc preconsolidation pressure ,from oedemeter test 16.p0 effective overburden pressure 17.p s specific cone penetration resistance, from static cone test 18.qu unconfined compressive strength 19.U, Um degree of consolidation ,subscript m denotes mean value of a specimen 20.u ,ub ,um pore (water) pressure, subscripts b and m denote bottom of specimen and mean value, respectively 21.w0 wL wp natural water content, liquid and plastic limits, respectively 22.σ1,σ2 principal stresses, σ1 ' andσ2' denote effective principal stresses 23.Atterberg limits阿太堡界限 24.degree of saturation饱和度 25.dry unit weight⼲重度 26.moist unit weight湿重度 27.saturated unit weight饱和重度 28.effective unit weight有效重度 29.density密度 pactness密实度 31.maximum dry density⼲密度 32.optimum water content含⽔量 33.three phase diagram三相图 34.tri-phase soil三相⼟ 35.soil fraction粒组 36.sieve analysis筛分 37.hydrometer analysis⽐重计分析 38.uniformity coefficient不均匀系数 39.coefficient of gradation级配系数 40.fine-grained soil(silty and clayey)细粒⼟ 41.coarse- grained soil(gravelly and sandy)粗粒⼟ 42.Unified soil classification system⼟的统⼀分类系统 43.ASCE=American Society of Civil Engineer美国⼟⽊⼯程师学会 44.AASHTO= American Association State Highway Officials美国州公路官员协会 45.ISSMGE=International Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 国际⼟⼒学与岩⼟⼯程学会 四. 渗透性和渗流 1.Darcy's law 达西定律 2.piping管涌 3.flowing soil流⼟ 4.sand boiling砂沸 5.flow net流 6.seepage渗透（流） 7.leakage渗流 8.seepage pressure渗透压⼒ 9.permeability渗透性 10.seepage force渗透⼒ 11.hydraulic gradient⽔⼒梯度 12.coefficient of permeability渗透系数 五. 地基应⼒和变形 1.soft soil软⼟ 2.(negative) skin friction of driven pile打⼊桩（负）摩阻⼒ 3.effective stress有效应⼒ 4.total stress总应⼒ 5.field vane shear strength⼗字板抗剪强度 6.low activity低活性 7.sensitivity灵敏度 8.triaxial test三轴试验 9.foundation design基础设计 10.recompaction再压缩 11.bearing capacity承载⼒ 12.soil mass⼟体 13.contact stress (pressure)接触应⼒（压⼒） 14.concentrated load集中荷载 15.a semi-infinite elastic solid半⽆限弹性体 16.homogeneous均质 17.isotropic各向同性 18.strip footing条基 19.square spread footing⽅形独⽴基础 20.underlying soil (stratum ,strata)下卧层（⼟） 21.dead load =sustained load恒载持续荷载 22.live load活载 23.short -term transient load短期瞬时荷载 24.long-term transient load长期荷载 25.reduced load折算荷载 26.settlement沉降 27.deformation变形 28.casing套管 29.dike=dyke堤（防） 30.clay fraction粘粒粒组 31.physical properties物理性质 32.subgrade路基 33.well-graded soil级配良好⼟ 34.poorly-graded soil级配不良⼟ 35.normal stresses正应⼒ 36.shear stresses剪应⼒ 37.principal plane主平⾯ 38.major (intermediate, minor) principal stress（中、最⼩）主应⼒ 39.Mohr-Coulomb failure condition摩尔-库仑破坏条件 40.FEM=finite element method有限元法 41.limit equilibrium method极限平衡法 42.pore water pressure孔隙⽔压⼒ 43.preconsolidation pressure先期固结压⼒ 44.modulus of compressibility压缩模量 45.coefficent of compressibility压缩系数 pression index压缩指数 47.swelling index回弹指数 48.geostatic stress⾃重应⼒ 49.additional stress附加应⼒ 50.total stress总应⼒ 51.final settlement最终沉降 52.slip line滑动线 六. 基坑开挖与降⽔ 1 excavation开挖（挖⽅） 2 dewatering（基坑）降⽔ 3 failure of foundation基坑失稳 4 bracing of foundation pit基坑围护 5 bottom heave=basal heave （基坑）底隆起 6 retaining wall挡⼟墙 7 pore-pressure distribution孔压分布 8 dewatering method降低地下⽔位法 9 well point system井点系统（轻型） 10 deep well point深井点 11 vacuum well point真空井点 12 braced cuts⽀撑围护 13 braced excavation⽀撑开挖 14 braced sheeting⽀撑挡板 七. 深基础－－deep foundation 1.pile foundation桩基础 1)cast -in-place灌注桩 diving casting cast-in-place pile沉管灌注桩 bored pile钻孔桩 special-shaped cast-in-place pile机控异型灌注桩 piles set into rock嵌岩灌注桩 rammed bulb pile夯扩桩 2)belled pier foundation钻孔墩基础 drilled-pier foundation钻孔扩底墩 under-reamed bored pier 3)precast concrete pile预制混凝⼟桩 4)steel pile钢桩 steel pipe pile钢管桩 steel sheet pile钢板桩 5)prestressed concrete pile预应⼒混凝⼟桩 prestressed concrete pipe pile预应⼒混凝⼟管桩 2.caisson foundation沉井（箱） 3.diaphragm wall地下连续墙　截⽔墙 4.friction pile摩擦桩 5.end-bearing pile端承桩 6.shaft竖井；桩⾝ 7.wave equation analysis波动⽅程分析 8.pile caps承台（桩帽） 9.bearing capacity of single pile单桩承载⼒ teral pile load test单桩横向载荷试验 11.ultimate lateral resistance of single pile单桩横向极限承载⼒ 12.static load test of pile单桩竖向静荷载试验 13.vertical allowable load capacity单桩竖向容许承载⼒ 14.low pile cap低桩承台 15.high-rise pile cap⾼桩承台 16.vertical ultimate uplift resistance of single pile单桩抗拔极限承载⼒ 17.silent piling静⼒压桩 18.uplift pile抗拔桩 19.anti-slide pile抗滑桩 20.pile groups群桩 21.efficiency factor of pile groups群桩效率系数（η） 22.efficiency of pile groups群桩效应 23.dynamic pile testing桩基动测技术 24.final set最后贯⼊度 25.dynamic load test of pile桩动荷载试验 26.pile integrity test桩的完整性试验 27.pile head=butt桩头 28.pile tip=pile point=pile toe桩端（头） 29.pile spacing桩距 30.pile plan桩位布置图 31.arrangement of piles =pile layout桩的布置 32.group action群桩作⽤ 33.end bearing=tip resistance桩端阻 34.skin(side) friction=shaft resistance桩侧阻 35.pile cushion桩垫 36.pile driving(by vibration) （振动）打桩 37.pile pulling test拔桩试验 38.pile shoe桩靴 39.pile noise打桩噪⾳ 40.pile rig打桩机 ⼋. 地基处理－－ground treatment 1.technical code for ground treatment of building建筑地基处理技术规范 2.cushion垫层法 3.preloading预压法 4.dynamic compaction强夯法 5.dynamic compaction replacement强夯置换法 6.vibroflotation method振冲法 7.sand-gravel pile砂⽯桩 8.gravel pile(stone column)碎⽯桩 9.cement-flyash-gravel pile(CFG)⽔泥粉煤灰碎⽯桩 10.cement mixing method⽔泥⼟搅拌桩 11.cement column⽔泥桩 12.lime pile (lime column)⽯灰桩 13.jet grouting⾼压喷射注浆法 14.rammed-cement-soil pile夯实⽔泥⼟桩法 15.lime-soil compaction pile 灰⼟挤密桩 lime-soil compacted column灰⼟挤密桩 lime soil pile灰⼟挤密桩 16.chemical stabilization化学加固法 17.surface compaction表层压实法 18.surcharge preloading超载预压法 19.vacuum preloading真空预压法 20.sand wick袋装砂井 21.geofabric ,geotextile⼟⼯织物 posite foundation复合地基 23.reinforcement method加筋法 24.dewatering method降低地下⽔固结法 25.freezing and heating冷热处理法 26.expansive ground treatment膨胀⼟地基处理 27.ground treatment in mountain area⼭区地基处理 28.collapsible loess treatment湿陷性黄⼟地基处理 29.artificial foundation⼈⼯地基 30.natural foundation天然地基 31.pillow褥垫 32.soft clay ground软⼟地基 33.sand drain砂井 34.root pile树根桩 35.plastic drain塑料排⽔带 36.replacement ratio（复合地基）置换率 九. 固结consolidation 1.Terzzaghi's consolidation theory太沙基固结理论 2.Barraon's consolidation theory巴隆固结理论 3.Biot's consolidation theory⽐奥固结理论 4.over consolidation ration (OCR)超固结⽐ 5.overconsolidation soil超固结⼟ 6.excess pore water pressure超孔压⼒ 7.multi-dimensional consolidation多维固结 8.one-dimensional consolidation⼀维固结 9.primary consolidation主固结 10.secondary consolidation次固结 11.degree of consolidation固结度 12.consolidation test固结试验 13.consolidation curve固结曲线 14.time factor Tv时间因⼦ 15.coefficient of consolidation固结系数 16.preconsolidation pressure前期固结压⼒ 17.principle of effective stress有效应⼒原理 18.consolidation under K0 condition K0固结 ⼗. 抗剪强度shear strength 1.undrained shear strength不排⽔抗剪强度 2.residual strength残余强度 3.long-term strength长期强度 4.peak strength峰值强度 5.shear strain rate剪切应变速率 6.dilatation剪胀 7.effective stress approach of shear strength 剪胀抗剪强度有效应⼒法 8.total stress approach of shear strength抗剪强度总应⼒法 9.Mohr-Coulomb theory莫尔－库仑理论 10.angle of internal friction内摩擦⾓ 11.cohesion粘聚⼒ 12.failure criterion破坏准则 13.vane strength⼗字板抗剪强度 14.unconfined compression⽆侧限抗压强度 15.effective stress failure envelop有效应⼒破坏包线 16.effective stress strength parameter有效应⼒强度参数 ⼗⼀. 本构模型－－constitutive model 1.elastic model弹性模型 2.nonlinear elastic model⾮线性弹性模型 3.elastoplastic model弹塑性模型 4.viscoelastic model粘弹性模型 5.boundary surface model边界⾯模型 6.Duncan-Chang model邓肯－张模型 7.rigid plastic model刚塑性模型 8.cap model盖帽模型 9.work softening加⼯软化 10.work hardening加⼯硬化 11.Cambridge model剑桥模型 12.ideal elastoplastic model理想弹塑性模型 13.Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion莫尔－库仑屈服准则 14.yield surface屈服⾯ 15.elastic half-space foundation model弹性半空间地基模型 16.elastic modulus弹性模量 17.Winkler foundation model⽂克尔地基模型 ⼗⼆. 地基承载⼒－－bearing capacity of foundation soil 1.punching shear failure冲剪破坏 2.general shear failure整体剪切破化 3.local shear failure局部剪切破坏 4.state of limit equilibrium极限平衡状态 5.critical edge pressure临塑荷载 6.stability of foundation soil地基稳定性 7.ultimate bearing capacity of foundation soil地基极限承载⼒ 8.allowable bearing capacity of foundation soil地基容许承载⼒ ⼗三. ⼟压⼒－－earth pressure 1.active earth pressure主动⼟压⼒ 2.passive earth pressure被动⼟压⼒ 3.earth pressure at rest静⽌⼟压⼒ 4.Coulomb's earth pressure theory库仑⼟压⼒理论 5.Rankine's earth pressure theory朗⾦⼟压⼒理论 ⼗四. ⼟坡稳定分析－－slope stability analysis 1.angle of repose休⽌⾓ 2.Bishop method毕肖普法 3.safety factor of slope边坡稳定安全系数 4.Fellenius method of slices费纽伦斯条分法 5.Swedish circle method瑞典圆弧滑动法 6.slices method条分法 ⼗五. 挡⼟墙－－retaining wall 1.stability of retaining wall挡⼟墙稳定性 2.foundation wall基础墙 3.counter retaining wall扶壁式挡⼟墙 4.cantilever retaining wall悬臂式挡⼟墙 5.cantilever sheet pile wall悬臂式板桩墙 6.gravity retaining wall重⼒式挡⼟墙 7.anchored plate retaining wall锚定板挡⼟墙 8.anchored sheet pile wall锚定板板桩墙 ⼗六. 板桩结构物－－sheet pile structure 1.steel sheet pile钢板桩 2.reinforced concrete sheet pile钢筋混凝⼟板桩 3.steel piles钢桩 4.wooden sheet pile⽊板桩 5.timber piles⽊桩 ⼗七. 浅基础－－shallow foundation 1.box foundation箱型基础 2.mat(raft) foundation⽚筏基础 3.strip foundation条形基础 4.spread footing扩展基础 pensated foundation补偿性基础 6.bearing stratum持⼒层 7.rigid foundation刚性基础 8.flexible foundation柔性基础 9.embedded depth of foundation基础埋置深度 foundation pressure基底附加应⼒ 11.structure-foundation-soil interaction analysis上部结构－基础－地基共同作⽤分析 ⼗⼋. ⼟的动⼒性质－－dynamic properties of soils 1.dynamic strength of soils动强度 2.wave velocity method波速法 3.material damping材料阻尼 4.geometric damping⼏何阻尼 5.damping ratio阻尼⽐ 6.initial liquefaction初始液化 7.natural period of soil site地基固有周期。

设计类英语词汇翻译汇总冰冻三尺，非一日之寒，词汇积累也是，下面是设计类英语词汇翻译汇总，为大家提供参考。

1 设计 Design2 现代设计 Modern Design3 工艺美术设计 Craft Design4 工业设计 Industrial Design5 广义工业设计 Generalized Industrial Design6 狭义工业设计 Narrow Industrial Design7 产品设计 Product Design8 传播设计 Communication Design8 环境设计 Environmental Design9 商业设计Comercial Design10 建筑设计 Architectural11 一维设计 One-dimension Design12 二维设计 Tow-dimension Design13 三维设计 Three-dimension Design14 四维设计 Four-dimension Design15 装饰、装潢 Decoration16 家具设计 Furniture Design17 玩具设计 Toy Design18 室内设计 Interior Design19 服装设计 Costume Design20 包装设计ackaging Design21 展示设计 Display Design22 城市规划 UrbanDesgin23生活环境 Living Environment24 都市景观 Townscape25 田园都市 Gardon City26 办公室风致 Office Landscape27 设计方法论 Design Methodology28 设计语言 Design Language29 设计条件 Design Condition30 结构设计 Structure Design31 形式设计 Form Design32 设计过程 Design Process33 构思设计 Concept Design34 量产设计，工艺设计 Technological Design35 改型设计 Model Change36 设计调查 Design Survey37 事前调查 Prior Survey38 动态调查 Dynamic Survey39 超小型设计 Compact type40 袖珍型设计 Pocktable Type41 便携型设计 Protable type42 收纳型设计Selfcontainning Design43 装配式设计Knock Down Type44 集约化设计 Stacking Type45 成套化设计 Set (Design)46 家族化设计 Family (Design)47 系列化设计 Series (Design)48 组合式设计 Unit Design49 仿生设计 Bionics Design50 功能 Function51 独创性 Originality52 创造力 Creative Power53 外装 Facing54 创造性思维 Creating Thinking55 等价变换思维Equivalent Transformationn Thought56 KJ法 Method of57 戈顿法Synectice58 集体创造性思维法 Brain Storming59 设计决策 (Design) Decision Making60 T-W-M体系 T-W-M system61 O-R-M体系 O-R-M system62 印象战略 ImageStralegy63 AIDMA原则 Law of AIDMA64 功能分化 Functional Differentiation65 功能分析 Functional Analysis66 生命周期 Life Cycle67 照明设计 Illumination Design。

【导语】以下是⽆忧考整理的建筑英⽂专业词汇⼤全，⼀起来看看吧！！a. DESIGN BASIS 设计依据b. DESIGN STAGE 设计阶段c. CLIMATE CONDITION ⽓象条件d. GENERAL ROOM NAME 常⽤房间名称e. ROOFING & CEILING 屋⾯及天棚f. WALL(CLADDING) 墙体(外墙板)g. FLOOR & TRENCH 地⾯及地沟h. DOORS 、GLASS、WINDOWS & IRONMONGERY(HARDWARE)门、玻璃、窗及五⾦件 I. STAIRCASE、LANDING & LIFT(ELEVATOR)楼梯、休息平台及电梯 j. BUILDING MATERIAL WORDS AND PHRASES 建筑材料词汇及短语【 Bricks and Tiles 砖和⽡】【Lime, Sand and Stone 灰、砂和⽯】【Cement, Mortar and Concrete ⽔泥、砂浆和混凝⼟】【Facing And Plastering Materials 饰⾯及粉刷材料】【Asphalt (Bitumen) and Asbestos 沥青和⽯棉】【Timber ⽊材】【Metallic Materials ⾦属材料】【Non-Ferrous Metal 有⾊⾦属】【Anti-Corrosion Materials 防腐蚀材料】【Building Hardware 建筑五⾦】【Paint 油漆】 k. OTHER ARCHITECTURAL TERMS 其它建筑术语【Discipline 专业】【Conventional Terms ⼀般通⽤名词】【Architectural Physics 建筑物理】【Name Of Professional role 职务名称】【Drafting 制图】a. DESIGN BASIS 设计依据计划建议书 planning proposals 设计任务书 design order 标准规范standards and codes 条件图 information drawing 设计基础资料 basic data for design ⼯艺流程图 process flowchart ⼯程地质资料 engineering geological data 原始资料 original data 设计进度 schedule of designb. STAGE OF DESIGN 设计阶段⽅案 scheme, draft 草图 sketch 会谈纪要summary of discussion 谈判 negotiation 可⾏性研究 feasibility study 初步设计preliminary design 基础设计 basic design 详细设计 detail design 询价图 enquiry drawing 施⼯图 working drawing, construction drawing 竣⼯图 as built drawingc. CLIMATE CONDITION ⽓象条件⽇照 sunshine 风玫瑰 wind rose 主导风向 prevailing wind direction (平均)风速 maximum (mean) wind velocity 风荷载 wind load (平均)降⾬量 maximum (mean) rainfall 雷击及闪电 thunder and lightning 飓风 hurricane 台风 typhoon 旋风 cyclone 降⾬强度rainfall intensity 年降⾬量 annual rainfall 湿球温度 wet bulb temperature ⼲球温度 dry bulb temperature 冰冻期 frost period 冰冻线 frost line 冰冻区 frost zone 室外计算温度 calculating outdoor temperature 采暖地区 region with heating provision 不采暖地区 region without heating provision 绝对⼤⽓压 absolute atmospheric pressure 相对湿度 relative humidity d. GENERAL ROOM NAME 常⽤房间名称办公室 office 服务⽤房 service room 换班室 shift room 休息室 rest room (break room) 起居室 living room 浴室 bathroom 淋浴间 shower 更⾐室 locker room 厕所 lavatory 门厅 lobby 诊室 clinic ⼯作间 workshop 电⽓开关室 switchroom ⾛廊 corridor 档案室 archive 电梯机房 lift motor room 车库 garage 清洁间 cleaning room 会议室(正式) conference room 会议室 meeting room ⾐柜间 ward robe 暖风间 H.V.A.C room 饭店 restaurant 餐厅 canteen, dining room 厨房 kitchen ⼊⼝ entrance 接待处reception area 会计室 accountant room 秘书室 secretary room 电⽓室 electrical room 控制室 control room ⼯长室 foreman office 开关柜室 switch gear 前室 antecabinet (Ante.) ⽣产区 production area 马达控制中⼼ Mcc 多功能⽤房 utility room 化验室 laboratory room 经理室 manager room 披屋(阁楼) penthouse 警卫室 guard housee. ROOFING AND CEILING 屋⾯及天棚⼥⼉墙 parapet ⾬蓬 canopy 屋脊 roof ridge 坡度 slope 坡跨⽐ pitch 分⽔线 water-shed ⼆毡三油 2 layers of felt & 3 coats of bitumastic 附加油毡⼀层 extra ply of felt 檐⼝ eave 挑檐 overhanging eave 檐沟 eave gutter 平屋⾯ flat roof 坡屋⾯ pitched roof ⾬⽔管 downspout, rain water pipe)(R.W.P) 汇⽔⾯积 catchment area 泛⽔ flashing 内排⽔ interior drainage 外排⽔exterior drainage 滴⽔ drip 屋⾯排⽔ roof drainage 找平层 leveling course 卷材屋⾯ built-up roofing 天棚 ceiling 檩条 purlin 屋⾯板 roofing board 天花板 ceiling board 防⽔层 water-proof course 检查孔 inspection hole ⼈孔 manhole 吊顶 suspended ceiling, false ceiling 檐板(窗帘盒) cornicef. WALL (CLADDING) 墙体(外墙板)砖墙 brick wall 砌块墙 block wall 清⽔砖墙 brick wall without plastering 抹灰墙 rendered wall ⽯膏板墙 gypsum board, plaster board 空⼼砖墙 hollow brick wall 承重墙 bearing wall ⾮承重墙 non-bearing wall 纵墙 longitudinal wall 横墙 transverse wall 外墙 external (exterior) wall 内墙 internal (interior) wall 填充墙 filler wall 防⽕墙 fire wall 窗间墙 wall between window 空⼼墙cavity wall 压顶 coping 圈梁 gird, girt, girth 玻璃隔断 glazed wall 防潮层 damp-proof course (D.P.C) 遮阳板 sunshade 阳台balcony 伸缩缝 expansion joint 沉降缝 settlement joint 抗震缝 seismic joint 复合夹⼼板 sandwich board 压型单板 corrugated single steel plate 外墙板 cladding panel 复合板 composite panel 轻质隔断 light-weight partition ⽜腿 bracket 砖烟囱 brick chimney 勒脚(基座) plinthg. FLOOR AND TRENCH 地⾯及地沟地坪 grade 地⾯和楼⾯ ground and floor 素⼟夯实 rammed earth 炉渣夯实 tamped cinder 填⼟ filled earth 回填⼟夯实 tamped backfill 垫层 bedding course, blinding ⾯层 covering, finish 结合层 bonding (binding) course 找平层 leveling course 素⽔泥浆结合层 neat cement binding course 混凝⼟地⾯ concrete floor ⽔泥地⾯ cement floor 机器磨平混凝⼟地⾯ machine trowelled concrete floor ⽔磨⽯地⾯ terrazzo flooring 马赛克地⾯ mosaic flooring 瓷砖地⾯ ceramic tile flooring 油地毡地⾯ linoleum flooring 预制⽔磨⽯地⾯ precast terrazzo flooring 硬⽊花地⾯ hard-wood parquet flooring 搁栅 joist 硬⽊⽑地⾯ hard-wood rough flooring 企⼝板地⾯tongued and grooved flooring 防酸地⾯ acid-resistant floor 钢筋混凝⼟楼板 reinforced concrete slab (R.C Slab) ⼄烯基地⾯ vinyl flooring ⽔磨⽯嵌条 divider strip for terrazzo 地⾯做2％坡 floor with 2% slope 集⽔沟 gully 集⽔⼝ gulley 排⽔沟 drainage trench 沟盖板 trench cover 活动盖板 removable cover plate 集⽔坑 sump pit 孔翻边 hole up stand 电缆沟 cable trenchh. DOORS,GLASS,WINDOWS & IRONMONGERY(HARDWARE)门、玻璃、窗及五⾦件⽊ (钢)门 wooden (steel) door 镶板门 panelled door 夹板门 plywood door 铝合⾦门 aluminum alloy door 卷帘门 roller shutter door 弹簧门 swing door 推拉门 sliding door 平开门 side-hung door 折叠门 folding door 旋转门 revolving door 玻璃门 glazed door 密闭门 air-Tight door 保温门 thermal insulating door 镀锌铁丝门 galvanized steel wire mesh door 防⽕门 fire door (⼤门上的)⼩门 wicket 门框 door frame 门扇 door leaf 门洞 door opening 结构开洞 structural opening 单扇门 single door 双扇门double door 疏散门 emergency door 纱门 screen door 门槛 door sill 门过梁 door lintel 上冒头 top rail 下冒头 bottom rail 门边⽊ stile 门樘侧料 side jumb 槽⼝ notch ⽊窗 wooden window 钢窗 steel window 铝合⾦窗 aluminum alloy window 百叶窗 (通风为主) sun-bind, louver (louver, shutter, blind) 塑钢窗 plastic steel window 空腹钢窗 hollow steel window 固定窗 fixed window 平开窗 side-hung window 推拉窗 sliding window ⽓窗 transom 上悬窗 top-hung window 中悬窗 center-pivoted window 下悬窗 hopper window 活动百叶窗 adjustable louver 天窗 skylight ⽼虎窗 dormer window 密封双层玻璃 sealed double glazing 钢筋混凝⼟过梁 reinforced concrete lintel 钢筋砖过梁 reinforced brick lintel 窗扇 casement sash 窗台 window sill 窗台板 window board 窗中梃 mullion 窗横⽊ mutin 窗边⽊ stile 压缝条 cover mould 窗帘盒 curtain box 合页(铰链) hinge (butts) 转轴 pivot 长脚铰链 parliament hinge 闭门器 door closer 地弹簧 floor closer 插销 bolt 门锁 door lock 拉⼿ pull 链条chain 门钩 door hanger 碰球 ball latch 窗钩 window catch 暗插销 insert bolt 电动开关器 electric opener 平板玻璃 plate glass 夹丝玻璃 wire glass 透明玻璃 clear glass ⽑玻璃(磨砂玻璃) ground glass (frosted glass) 防弹玻璃 bullet-proof glass ⽯英玻璃quartz glass 吸热玻璃 heat absorbing glass 磨光玻璃 polished glass 着⾊玻璃 pigmented glass 玻璃⽡ glass tile 玻璃砖glass block 有机玻璃 organic glassI. STAIRCASE, LANDING & LIFT (ELEVATOR) 楼梯、休息平台及电梯楼梯 stair 楼梯间 staircase 疏散梯 emergency stair 旋转梯 spiral stair (circular stair) 吊车梯 crane ladder 直爬梯 vertical ladder 踏步 step 扇形踏步 winder (wheel step) 踏步板 tread 档步板 riser 踏步宽度 tread width 防滑条 non-slip insert (strips)栏杆 railing (balustrade) 平台栏杆 platform railing 吊装孔栏杆 railing around mounting hole 扶⼿ handrail 梯段⾼度 height of flight 防护梯笼 protecting cage (safety cage) 平台 landing (platform) 操作平台 operating platform 装卸平台 platform for loading & unloading 楼梯平台 stair landing 客梯 passenger lift 货梯 goods lift 客/货两⽤梯 goods/passenger lift 液压电梯hydraulic lift ⾃动扶梯 escalator 观光电梯 observation elevator 电梯机房 lift mortar room 电梯坑 lift pit 电梯井道 lift shaftj. BUILDING MATERIAL WORDS AND PHRASES 建筑材料词汇及短语Bricks and Tiles 砖和⽡红砖 red brick 粘⼟砖 clay brick 瓷砖 glazed brick (ceramic tile) 防⽕砖 fire brick 空⼼砖 hollow brick ⾯砖 facing brick 地板砖 flooring tile 缸砖 clinkery brick 马赛克 mosaic 陶粒混凝⼟ ceramsite concrete 琉璃⽡ glazed tile 脊⽡ridge tile ⽯棉⽡ asbestos tile (shingle) 波形⽯棉⽔泥⽡ corrugated asbestos cement sheet Lime, Sand and Stone 灰、砂和⽯⽯膏 gypsum ⼤理⽯ marble 汉⽩⽟ white marble 花岗岩 granite 碎⽯ crushed stone ⽑⽯ rubble 蛭⽯ vermiculite 珍珠岩pearlite ⽔磨⽯ terrazzo 卵⽯ cobble 砾⽯ gravel 粗砂 course sand 中砂 medium sand 细砂 fine sand Cement, Mortar and Concrete ⽔泥、砂浆和混凝⼟波特兰⽔泥(普通硅酸盐⽔泥) Portland cement 硅酸盐⽔泥 silicate cement ⽕⼭灰⽔泥pozzolana cement ⽩⽔泥 white cement ⽔泥砂浆 cement mortar ⽯灰砂浆 lime mortar ⽔泥⽯灰砂浆(混合砂浆) cement-lime mortar 保温砂浆 thermal mortar 防⽔砂浆 water-proof mortar 耐酸砂浆 acid-resistant mortar 耐碱砂浆 alkaline-resistant mortar 沥青砂浆 bituminous mortar 纸筋灰 paper strip mixed lime mortar ⿇⼑灰 hemp cut lime mortar 灰缝 mortar joint 素混凝⼟plain concrete 钢筋混凝⼟ reinforced concrete 轻质混凝⼟ lightweight concrete 细⽯混凝⼟ fine aggregate concrete 沥青混凝⼟ asphalt concrete 泡沫混凝⼟ foamed concrete 炉渣混凝⼟ cinder concrete Facing And Plastering Materials 饰⾯及粉刷材料⽔刷⽯ granitic plaster 斩假⽯ artificial stone 刷浆 lime wash 可赛银 casein ⼤⽩浆 white wash ⿇⼑灰打底 hemp cuts and lime as base 喷⼤⽩浆两道 sprayed twice with white wash 分格抹⽔泥砂浆 cement mortar plaster sectioned 板条抹灰 lath and plaster Asphalt(Bitumen) and Asbestos 沥青和⽯棉沥青卷材 asphalt felt 沥青填料 asphalt filler 沥青胶泥 asphalt grout 冷底⼦油 adhesive bitumen primer 沥青玛啼脂 asphaltic mastic 沥青⿇丝 bitumastic oakum ⽯棉板 asbestos sheet ⽯棉纤维asbestos fiber Timber ⽊材裂缝 crack 透裂 split 环裂 shake ⼲缩 shrinkage 翘曲 warping 原⽊ log 圆⽊ round timber ⽅⽊square timber 板材 plank ⽊条 batten 板条 lath ⽊板 board 红松 red pine ⽩松 white pine 落叶松 deciduous pine 云杉 spruce 柏⽊ cypress ⽩杨 white poplar 桦⽊ birch 冷杉 fir 栎⽊ oak 榴⽊ willow 榆⽊ elm 杉⽊ cedar 柚⽊ teak 樟⽊ camphor wood 防腐处理的⽊材 preservative-treated lumber 胶合板 plywood 三(五)合板 3(5)-plywood 企⼝板 tongued and grooved board 层夹板 laminated plank 胶合层夹⽊材 glue-laminated lumber 纤维板 fiber-board ⽵⼦ bamboo Metallic Materials ⾦属材料⿊⾊⾦属 ferrous metal 圆钢 steelbBar ⽅钢 square steel 扁钢 steel strap,flat steel 型钢 steel section (shape) 槽钢 channel ⾓钢angle steel 等边⾓钢 equal-leg angle 不等边⾓钢 unequal-leg angle ⼯字钢 I-beam 宽翼缘⼯字钢 wide flange I-beam 丁( 之)字钢 T-bar (Z-bar) 冷弯薄壁型钢 light gauge cold-formed steel shape 热轧 hot-rolled 冷轧 cold-rolled 冷拉 cold-drawn 冷压cold-pressed 合⾦钢 alloy steel 钛合⾦ titanium alloy 不锈钢 stainless steel ⽵节钢筋 corrugated steel bar 变形钢筋 deformed bar 光圆钢筋 plain round bar 钢板 steel plate 薄钢板 thin steel plate 低碳钢 low carbon steel 冷弯 cold bending 钢管 steel pipe (tube) ⽆缝钢管 seamless steel pipe 焊接钢管 welded steel pipe ⿊铁管 iron pipe 镀锌钢管 galvanized steel pipe 铸铁cast iron ⽣铁 pig iron 熟铁 wrought iron 镀锌铁⽪ galvanized steel sheet 镀锌铁丝 galvanized steel wire 钢丝 steel wire mesh 多孔⾦属 expanded metal 锰钢 managanese steel ⾼强度合⾦钢 high strength alloy steel Non-Ferrous Metal 有⾊⾦属⾦ gold ⽩⾦ platinum 铜 copper 黄铜 brass 青铜 bronze 银 silver 铝 aluminum 铅 lead Anti-Corrosion Materials 防腐蚀材料聚⼄烯 polythene, polyethylene 尼龙 nylon 聚氯⼄烯 PVC (polyvinyl chloride) 聚碳酸酯 polycarbonate 聚苯⼄烯 polystyrene 丙烯酸树酯 acrylic resin ⼄烯基酯 vinyl ester 橡胶内衬 rubber lining 氯丁橡胶 neoprene 沥青漆 bitumen paint 环氧树脂漆epoxy resin paint 氧化锌底漆 zinc oxide primer 防锈漆 anti-rust paint 耐酸漆 acid-resistant paint 耐碱漆 alkali-resistant paint ⽔玻璃 sodium silicate 树脂砂浆 resin-bonded mortar 环氧树脂 epoxy resin Building Hardware 建筑五⾦钉⼦ nails 螺纹屋⾯钉spiral-threaded roofing nail 环纹⽯膏板钉 annular-ring gypsum board nail 螺丝 screws 平头螺丝 flat-head screw 螺栓 bolt 普通螺栓 commercial bolt ⾼强螺栓 high strength bolt 预埋螺栓 insert bolt 胀锚螺栓 cinch bolt 垫⽚ washer Paint 油漆底漆primer 防锈底漆 rust-inhibitive primer 防腐漆 anti-corrosion paint 调和漆 mixed paint ⽆光漆 flat paint 透明漆 varnish 银粉漆aluminum paint 磁漆 enamel paint ⼲性油 drying oil 稀释剂 thinner 焦油 tar 沥青漆 asphalt paint 桐油 tung oil, Chinese wood oil 红丹 red lead 铅油 lead oil 腻⼦ puttyk. OTHER ARCHITECTURAL TERMS 其它建筑术语。

仿古名词解释————————————————————————————————作者：————————————————————————————————日期:ﻩ中国古建筑工程是我国悠久文化遗产的组成部分，是古代劳动人民伟大创造的结晶。

这些建筑具有合理的结构型式,独特的建筑风格和巧思多变的设计手法,其辉煌成就久享盛名。

ﻫﻫ过去沿用至今的较难理解的古建筑工程的名词、术语大都是历代劳动人民在生产实践中所创造的词汇，目前的十建筑施工中还在广泛使用，具有很重要的实用价值，为此特予以注释说明（仅限于定额中出现的词汇)。

仿古建筑面积计算规则1ﻫﻫ、台明:台基露出地面的部分。

清式又把小型基座叫做台明。

ﻫ2、廊柱:柱之用于廊下前列,承支屋檐者。

ﻫﻫ３、月台:①高大尊崇的主要建筑,除了使用小于上出檐的台基外，台基周围又建有宽大的月台，有的月台周围绕以汉白玉栏杆，最崇贵的建筑造成三层叠的须弥座形式。

在殿堂等建筑中,特别是皇家园林中的主要殿堂前常建有宽敞的月台,上陈设着铜制的兽、缸、鼎等，成为建筑与庭园之间的过渡。

②楼上作平台、露者。

ﻫﻫ４、环丘台:是一种平地上垒起来的圆形高台，多为三层,台面逐层向上收缩,是封建社会中一种祭礼拜用的建筑物。

ﻫﻫ５、构架:单体的平面，一般是以柱子的布置来划分空间的，是建筑构架的一个反映。

表示梁架系统的平面图叫做“构架平面图”。

ﻫ第一册《通用项目》ﻫ1、砖屏风ﻫ2、莲花头:莲柱上部，雕莲花形之部分。

3、插解:用于纱隔内心仔边条与宕间,转角处之回纺装饰。

4、老嫩戗ﻫ５、椽望板;6ﻫﻫ、戗翼板ﻫﻫ７、古式栏板ﻫ８、古式栏板ﻫ9、吴五靠10、斗拱ﻫ1１、梁垫、蒲鞋头、云头ﻫ12、弯形椽ﻫ1３、挂落ﻫ14、虾弓梁1ﻫﻫ５、预制栏杆件ﻫ16、预制吴王靠件ﻫ第二册《营造法原作法项目》第一章砖细工程ﻫ1、字碑：正脊或墙门上留备题字之部分。

正脊字碑部分，亦称过脊枋。

2、全张瓦片漏窗ﻫ3、软景式漏窗ﻫﻫ第二章石作工程ﻫ1、阶沿石:沿阶台四周之石,包括踏步。

英国最重要的10个建筑（英文）The ten most important buildings in EnglandAfter the Battle of Waterloo, Britain changed to being a world power built on mechanisation, minerals and urbanisation. Hard, dirty, crowded places built the machines and manufactured the goods that gave Britain global dominance for around a century. The glorious buildings of the English countryside, the lanes, the villages and the cathedral closes became junior partners in a much harsher view of our national identity.Danny Boyle’s inspired Olympics opening ceremony captured this perfectly. While our cathedrals are glorious, our country houses sublime, and our villages the most chocolatey of all chocolate boxes, what sets England apart is our mastery of industry. It is home to the earliest monuments of industrialisation, the first factories, warehouses, railways, docks, power stations and much more. Half of my list of the most influential buildings are products of engineering and technology, and were all built in the space of 45 years.These places have a sublime beauty all to themselves. Over the holiday, I passed Sleaford Maltings, the incredible industrial complex that the Bass Brewery built in Lincolnshire. It is a heart-stopping sight but it is also derelict and in urgent need of a new use. The heritage crisis of the 21st century is the fate of our industrial past.The 20th century saved the country houses, and we can celebrate that, but the effects of our long obsession with the countryside have been a neglect of our unique industrial heritage. Ditherington Flax Mill, one of my top 10, was rescued from collapse by English Heritage in 2005 and is only now finding anew use. Another on my list —Liverpool Road Station, Manchester, the earliest surviving railway station in the world –faces the prospect of its original viaducts being demolished by Network Rail. This would never be contemplated if a line involved the demolition of part of Highclere Castle(where Downton Abbey is filmed). We need to accept that our unique contribution to the world was not cucumber sandwiches, however nice they are.1.Westminster Abbey (c.960)Coronation church and mausoleum, Westminster Abbey has been a royal foundation since the 960s, and money was lavished on it by successive monarchs.Although only a few Saxon fragments survive, it was here that Edward the Confessor developed the style that we call Norman. It was also here that Henry III began his lavish Gothic rebuilding, a project that continued, after his death, for nearly three centuries. The nave today demonstrates the rich taste of English medieval monarchs and their masons, with large-scale sculptures and carved and painted heraldic shields. The abbey set the standard for aspiring builders for centuries.2.Rievaulx Abbey, North Yorkshire (1147-67)Rievaulx Abbey is England’s most beautiful ruin. Deliberately built in a remote valley by Cistercian monks, it was originally a virtually self-sufficient community.Like 839 other monasteries, friaries and nunneries, Rievaulx was suppressed by Henry VIII in the 1530s, but its remote position meant that much of its stonework still stands. It is easy to forget what a big role monasteries played in medieval society, and the Cistercian houses of Yorkshire were responsible for developing a style of building with pointed arches that we call Gothic.This spread to become the dominant architectural style of Britain for 300 years.3.King’s Bench Walk, Temple, London (1677)In James I’s London, a new type of hous e was developed. It was then known as a ―row house‖, but today we call it a terrace. These houses, built of brick from the 1620s, became the backbone of the city after the Great Fire of London.Not many early examples survive unaltered, but the pattern developed in the 1670s became the blueprint for a huge proportion of urban housing even today. Uniform on the outside, but individualistically decorated within, in many senses they encapsulate the characters of the people who lived in them.4.The Peckwater Quadrangle, Christ Church, Oxford (1707)Although Inigo Jones and a small group of other architects in the 17th century had conceived buildings that were rigorously faithful to ancient Roman buildings, it was not until after 1700 that patrons and architects became obsessed with designing buildings using the ancient orders of architecture precisely. An early example of this was the courtyard built at Christ Church by Dean Aldrich in 1707-14 to house rich undergraduates. The courtyard was a startling new look, and when the style was taken up by the circle of the royal court, it was adopted for houses, public buildings and churches everywhere.5. Ditherington Flax Mill, Shrewsbury (1797)During the late 18th century, British manufacturers revolutionised the production of cotton, using machinery powered by waterwheels. By 1800, there were 900 cotton mills employing 400,000 people. Vast new mills were built —but there was a problem. Brick and timber construction was vulnerable to fire, and many mills lit by oil or gas burnt down.Ditherington Flax Mill was the world’s first incombustible iron-framed building. It was also the ancestor of every large building with a steel frame today, from supermarkets to skyscrapers.6. A&G Murray Mills, Ancoats, Manchester (1801)Britain’s industrial revolution entered a new phase after 1830. Instead of waterwheels, new coal-fired steam engines were used to power both the mills and other new types of manufacturing. As Britain became the dominant power in the world, success was bu ilt on urban factories. A&G Murray’s mills were the first in which manufacturing processes were all powered by steam. Started in 1801-2, these hulks look, at a distance, like a Georgian street, but behind the iron casements, they drove the largest economy the world had ever seen.7. Liverpool Road Railway Station, Manchester (1830)The world’s first passenger railway station is a modest but reassuring-looking building. Reassurance was at the forefront of the minds of the early railway engineers and architects: both passengers and investors needed to believe that railways were safe and profitable ventures. Avant-garde engineering mixed with reassuringly familiar architectural styles created an atmosphere of confidence.8. No 6 Slip, Chatham Historic Dockyard (1847)After the defeat of Napoleon, the Royal Navy became the most powerful fleet in the world. Underlying its power were its dockyards, huge state-owned factories with thousands of workers.Naval engineers pushed the limits of technology to build and equip the Navy, and one of the most important advances was the construction of massive free-standing iron sheds called ―slips‖,under which ships were built.These were the first wide-spanned metal structures in the world.9. All Saints, Margaret Street, London (1849)It was at a church, rather than at an industrial site, that architecture and engineering first fused to create a new language for the Victorian era. William Butterfield saw the possibilities of coloured and engineered brick for making modern buildings that were both decorative and functional.Subsequently, this polychromatic brick style was adopted by house builders and came to dominate Victorian streets all over the country.10. Bedford Park, London (from 1877)Sir John Betjeman, the poet and admirer of Victorian architecture, called Bedford Park the most important suburb in the Western world. He was probably right, in that the easy mix of brick-built semi-detached and detached houses in wide streets with deep gardens became the aspiration of millions. The houses that looked back to the 16th and 17th centuries were individually designed and carefully built, but used a very limited stock of motifs.。

中国古建筑工程是我国悠久文化遗产的组成部分，是古代劳动人民伟大创造的结晶。

这些建筑具有合理的结构型式，独特的建筑风格和巧思多变的设计手法，其辉煌成就久享盛名。

过去沿用至今的较难理解的古建筑工程的名词、术语大都是历代劳动人民在生产实践中所创造的词汇，目前的十建筑施工中还在广泛使用，具有很重要的实用价值，为此特予以注释说明（仅限于定额中出现的词汇）。

仿古建筑面积计算规则1、台明：台基露出地面的部分。

清式又把小型基座叫做台明。

2、廊柱：柱之用于廊下前列，承支屋檐者。

3、月台：①高大尊崇的主要建筑，除了使用小于上出檐的台基外，台基周围又建有宽大的月台，有的月台周围绕以汉白玉栏杆，最崇贵的建筑造成三层叠的须弥座形式。

在殿堂等建筑中，特别是皇家园林中的主要殿堂前常建有宽敞的月台，上陈设着铜制的兽、缸、鼎等，成为建筑与庭园之间的过渡。

②楼上作平台、露者。

4、环丘台：是一种平地上垒起来的圆形高台，多为三层，台面逐层向上收缩，是封建社会中一种祭礼拜用的建筑物。

5、构架：单体的平面，一般是以柱子的布置来划分空间的，是建筑构架的一个反映。

表示梁架系统的平面图叫做“构架平面图”。

第一册《通用项目》1、砖屏风2、莲花头：莲柱上部，雕莲花形之部分。

3、插解：用于纱隔内心仔边条与宕间，转角处之回纺装饰。

4、老嫩戗5、椽望板；6、戗翼板7、古式栏板8、古式栏板9、吴五靠10、斗拱11、梁垫、蒲鞋头、云头12、弯形椽13、挂落14、虾弓梁15、预制栏杆件16、预制吴王靠件第二册《营造法原作法项目》第一章砖细工程1、字碑：正脊或墙门上留备题字之部分。

正脊字碑部分，亦称过脊枋。

2、全张瓦片漏窗3、软景式漏窗第二章石作工程1、阶沿石：沿阶台四周之石，包括踏步。

2、侧塘石：以塘石侧砌，用于阶台及驳岸者。

（驳岸：凡滨河房屋，以石条逐皮驳砌成墙岸者。

）3、锁口石：石栏杆下之石条，或驳岸顶上一皮石料。

4、菱角石：踏步两旁，垂带石之下三角部分。

中国古建筑工程是我国悠久文化遗产的组成部分，是古代劳动人民伟大创造的结晶。

这些建筑具有合理的结构型式，独特的建筑风格和巧思多变的设计手法，其辉煌成就久享盛名。

过去沿用至今的较难理解的古建筑工程的名词、术语大都是历代劳动人民在生产实践中所创造的词汇，目前的十建筑施工中还在广泛使用，具有很重要的实用价值，为此特予以注释说明（仅限于定额中出现的词汇）。

仿古建筑面积计算规则1、台明：台基露出地面的部分。

清式又把小型基座叫做台明。

2、廊柱：柱之用于廊下前列，承支屋檐者。

3、月台：①高大尊崇的主要建筑，除了使用小于上出檐的台基外，台基周围又建有宽大的月台，有的月台周围绕以汉白玉栏杆，最崇贵的建筑造成三层叠的须弥座形式。

在殿堂等建筑中，特别是皇家园林中的主要殿堂前常建有宽敞的月台，上陈设着铜制的兽、缸、鼎等，成为建筑与庭园之间的过渡。

②楼上作平台、露者。

4、环丘台：是一种平地上垒起来的圆形高台，多为三层，台面逐层向上收缩，是封建社会中一种祭礼拜用的建筑物。

5、构架：单体的平面，一般是以柱子的布置来划分空间的，是建筑构架的一个反映。

表示梁架系统的平面图叫做“构架平面图”。

第一册《通用项目》1、砖屏风2、莲花头：莲柱上部，雕莲花形之部分。

3、插解：用于纱隔内心仔边条与宕间，转角处之回纺装饰。

4、老嫩戗5、椽望板；6、戗翼板7、古式栏板8、古式栏板9、吴五靠10、斗拱11、梁垫、蒲鞋头、云头12、弯形椽13、挂落14、虾弓梁15、预制栏杆件16、预制吴王靠件第二册《营造法原作法项目》第一章砖细工程1、字碑：正脊或墙门上留备题字之部分。

正脊字碑部分，亦称过脊枋。

2、全张瓦片漏窗3、软景式漏窗第二章石作工程1、阶沿石：沿阶台四周之石，包括踏步。

2、侧塘石：以塘石侧砌，用于阶台及驳岸者。

（驳岸：凡滨河房屋，以石条逐皮驳砌成墙岸者。

）3、锁口石：石栏杆下之石条，或驳岸顶上一皮石料。

4、菱角石：踏步两旁，垂带石之下三角部分。