要素密集度：(5.3A)
在一个只有两种商品（X和Y）与两种要素（劳动和资本）的世界中，如果生产Y时的资本/劳动比率大于生产X时的资本/劳动比率，我们就说商品Y是资本密集型商品。
Factor Intensity:
In a world of two commodities (X and Y) and two factors (labor and capital), we say that commodity Y is capital intensive if the capital-labor ratio (K/L) used in the production of Y is greater than K/L used in the production of X. H-O定理：(5.4A)
一国应当出口该国相对丰裕和便宜的要素密集型的商品，进口该国相对稀缺和昂贵的要素密集型的商品。
The Heckscher-Ohlin Theorem:
A nation will export the commodity whose production requires the intensive use of the nation’s relatively abundant and cheap factor and import the commodity whose production requires the intensive use of the nation’s relatively scarce and expensive factor.
H-O-S定理：(5.5A)
国际贸易会使各国同质要素获得相同的相对与绝对收入。
The Factor-Prize Equalization (H-O-S) Theorem:
International trade will bring about equalization in the relative and absolute returns to homogeneous factors across nations.
要素密集度逆转：(5.6C)
要素密集度逆转（颠倒）指的是这样一种情况：一种给定商品在劳动丰裕的国家是劳动密集型产品，在资本丰裕的国家是资本密集型产品。Factor-Intensity Reversal:
Factor-intensity reversal refers to the situation where a given commodity is the L-intensive commodity in the L-abundant nation and the K-intensive commodity in the K-abundant nation.
规模收益递增：(6.3)
规模收益（报酬）递增指的是产出水平增长比例高于要素投入增长比例的生产状况。
Increasing Returns to Scale:
Increasing returns to scale refers to the production situation where output
grows proportionately more than the increase in inputs or factors of production.
产业内贸易：(6.4A)
同一产业内或同一类商品组中差别产品的交易。
Intra-Industry Trade:
The exchange of differentiated products of the same industry or broad product group.
自愿出口限制：(9.3A)
自愿（自动）出口限制是指这样一种情况，即当一国出口威胁到进口国整个国内经济时，进口国以全面贸易限制相威胁，引导另一国“自愿”地减少某种商品的出口。
Voluntary Export Restraints (VERs):
Voluntary export restraints (VERs) refer to the case where an importing country induces another nation to reduce its exports of a commodity “voluntarily,” under the threat of higher all-round trade restrictions, when these exports threaten an entire domestic industry.
持续性倾销：(9.3D)
持续性倾销，或国际价格歧视，是指国内垄断者通过使国内市场（通过运输成本和贸易壁垒加以隔离）上的卖价高于国际市场（必须面对外国生产者的竞争），从而实现总利润最大化的一种持续倾向。Persistent Dumping:
Persistent dumping, or international price discrimination, is the continuous tendency of a domestic monopolist to maximize total profit by selling the commodity at a higher price in the domestic market (which is insulated by transportation costs and trade barriers) than internationally (where it must meet the competition of foreign producers).
偶然性倾销：(9.3D)
偶然性倾销是指偶尔以低于成本或低于国外的价格销售某种商品，其目的是避免降低国内价格而卖掉预期会暂时剩余的商品。
Sporadic Dumping:
Sporadic dumping is the occasional sale of a commodity at below cost or at a lower price abroad than domestically in order to unload an unforeseen and temporary surplus of the commodity without having to reduce domestic
