S5
S6
X1
Typical replies: 1. Nothing happens. 2. Nothing happens unless it is the rate-limiting step. 3. The rate v goes down, but that’s all. 4. S3 goes up. 5. S4 goes down. 6. Species downstream of v go down. 7. Steady State flow changes but species levels don’t. 8. Xo and X1 change
Technologies to study systems at different levels
Genomics (HT-DNA sequencing) (HTMutation detection (SNP methods) Transcriptomics (Gene/Transcript measurement, SAGE, gene chips, microarrays) Proteomics (MS, 2D-PAGE, protein 2Dchips, Yeast-2-hybrid, X-ray, NMR) YeastXMetabolomics (NMR, X-ray, capillary Xelectrophoresis)
So where do we start?
Feedback loops
So where do we start?
So where do we start?
autoregulation
So where do we start?
X Y
– 转录因子X调控基因Y 转录因子X调控基因Y