医护英语三级试题

医护英语三级真题作文English: In the field of healthcare, effective communication is paramount for ensuring patient safety, improving outcomes, and fostering trust between healthcare providers and patients. Clear and concise communication helps in accurately conveying medical information, treatment plans, and instructions to patients, reducing the risk of misunderstandings or errors. Furthermore, effective communication among healthcare team members promotes collaboration, enhances coordination of care, and ultimately leads to better patient experiences. In emergencies or critical situations, communication becomes even more crucial as quick and accurate information exchange can save lives. Therefore, healthcare professionals must possess strong communication skills, including active listening, empathy, and the ability to adapt communication styles to suit different situations and individuals. Continuous training and education on communication techniques should be provided to healthcare professionals to ensure ongoing improvement and effectiveness in patient care.中文翻译: 在医疗领域，有效的沟通对于确保患者安全、改善结果以及促进医患信任至关重要。

医护英语三级英语作文真题In the bustling hospital corridors, the sound of footsteps echoes, a testament to the tireless work of medical staff. The language that binds them is English, a universal medium that transcends cultural barriers.As a nurse, I've witnessed the power of clear communication. It's not just about understanding the medical jargon; it's about connecting with patients on a human level, offering comfort in their most vulnerable moments.The English language proficiency required for healthcare professionals is not just a test score; it's a commitment to excellence in patient care. It's about being able to explain a diagnosis, reassure a worried family, or provide clear instructions for post-operative care.In emergency situations, every second counts. The ability to communicate effectively in English can make the difference between life and death. It's a skill that must be honed, not just through textbooks, but through practice and real-world experience.The English language is a bridge that connects patients from all corners of the globe to the care they need. It's a tool that healthcare providers wield to ensure that no one is left in the dark about their health.Continuous learning is essential for medical professionals. The English language evolves, and so must our understanding of it. Keeping up with the latest medical terms and phrases is crucial for providing the best care possible.In the end, the mastery of medical English is not just about passing a test. It's about being a beacon of hope, a voice of clarity, and a guide through the complex world of healthcare for those who need it most.As I navigate the halls of the hospital, I carry with me not just a stethoscope, but the responsibility to communicate with empathy and precision. The language of medicine is English, and it's a language I strive to speak fluently every day.。

护士三级英语试题及答案1. Which of the following is the correct way to express "bed rest" in medical English?A. Sleep in bedB. Stay in bedC. Rest on bedD. Bed restAnswer: D. Bed rest2. The term "intravenous injection" refers to:A. Injection into the muscleB. Injection into the skinC. Injection into a veinD. Injection into a jointAnswer: C. Injection into a vein3. What does the abbreviation "BP" stand for in medical records?A. Blood PressureB. Blood PlateletsC. Blood PoisoningD. Blood PurificationAnswer: A. Blood Pressure4. Select the correct translation for "Nurse Practitioner":A. 实习护士B. 护理实践者C. 护士长D. 执业护士Answer: D. 执业护士5. In medical English, "auscultation" refers to:A. Listening to the heart and lungs with a stethoscopeB. Observing the patient's skinC. Measuring the patient's temperatureD. Taking the patient's blood pressureAnswer: A. Listening to the heart and lungs with a stethoscope6. Which of the following is the correct way to say "preoperative preparation" in English?A. Pre-surgery preparationB. Pre-operative preparationC.术前准备D. Pre-surgery setupAnswer: B. Pre-operative preparation7. The abbreviation "CBC" in medical terms stands for:A. Complete Blood CountB. Complete Blood CheckC. Complete Blood ChemistryD. Complete Blood CultureAnswer: A. Complete Blood Count8. Translate "postoperative care" into English:A. Post-surgery careB. Post-operation careC.术后护理D. Post-surgical careAnswer: C.术后护理9. What is the medical term for "high blood sugar"?A. HyperglycemiaB. HypoglycemiaC. HyperinsulinemiaD. DiabetesAnswer: A. Hyperglycemia10. The phrase "to take vital signs" in medical English means:A. To measure the patient's life functionsB. To take the patient's temperatureC. To take the patient's blood pressureD. To take the patient's pulseAnswer: A. To measure the patient's life functions。

医护英语三级考试试卷一、听力理解（共20分）1. 短对话理解（每题1分，共10题）请听下列对话，选择最佳答案。

（播放录音）对话1：A. 护士询问病人是否需要帮助。

B. 医生告知病人检查结果。

C. 病人询问如何服用药物。

D. 护士指导病人做检查准备。

答案：A对话2：A. 病人对治疗方案有疑问。

B. 医生解释手术过程。

C. 护士安慰病人的情绪。

D. 病人询问出院时间。

答案：B（以此类推，直至对话10）2. 长对话理解（每题2分，共5题）请听下列长对话，选择最佳答案。

（播放录音）对话1：A. 护士在指导新员工。

B. 医生在讨论病例。

C. 病人在咨询治疗方案。

D. 医生在培训实习生。

答案：C对话2：A. 病人对药物副作用的担忧。

B. 医生在解释检查结果。

C. 护士在安排病人的日程。

D. 病人在询问手术风险。

答案：A（以此类推，直至对话5）二、词汇与语法（共20分）1. 词汇题（每题1分，共10题）请从下列选项中选择正确的词汇填空。

1. The nurse needs to _______ the patient's vital signs regularly.A. monitorB. manageC. maintainD. modify答案：A2. The doctor prescribed some _______ for the patient's pain.A. antibioticsB. medicationC. supplementsD. vitamins答案：B（以此类推，直至词汇题10）2. 语法题（每题1分，共10题）请从下列选项中选择正确的语法结构填空。

1. The patient should _______ the medication before meals.A. takeB. takingC. takenD. takes答案：A2. If you have any questions, please _______ the nurse on duty.A. askB. askingC. to askD. asked答案：A（以此类推，直至语法题10）三、阅读理解（共30分）1. 选择题（每题2分，共15题）阅读下列短文，选择最佳答案。

医护英语三级真题作文As a language model, I do not have access to real medical English level 3 exam questions or their corresponding answers. However, I can provide you with general guidance and strategies for writing a medical English essay that meets the requirements you have provided. Please note that this is not a specific essay but rather general advice that can help you prepare for such a writing task.Title: The Importance of Interpersonal Communication in Healthcare Settings.Introduction:In healthcare settings, effective communication is crucial for ensuring patient safety, providing quality care, and building trust between healthcare providers and patients. Interpersonal communication, in particular, plays a pivotal role in facilitating positive outcomes in medicalinteractions. This essay will explore the significance of interpersonal communication in healthcare, highlighting its impact on patient satisfaction, treatment outcomes, and the overall quality of healthcare delivery.Body Paragraph 1: The Role of Interpersonal Communication in Patient Satisfaction.Interpersonal communication is essential for establishing and maintaining positive relationships between healthcare providers and patients. Effective communication skills, such as active listening, empathy, and clear explanation of medical information, contributesignificantly to patient satisfaction. When providers communicate effectively, patients feel more confident in their care, which in turn leads to increased compliance with treatment plans and better overall health outcomes.Body Paragraph 2: The Impact of Interpersonal Communication on Treatment Outcomes.Beyond patient satisfaction, interpersonalcommunication has a direct impact on treatment outcomes. When providers communicate clearly and compassionately, patients are more likely to understand their condition and treatment options, which can lead to better informed decisions about their care. This, in turn, can lead to improved compliance with treatment plans and better overall health outcomes. Additionally, effective communication can help identify and address patient concerns and fears, which can further enhance treatment adherence and success.Body Paragraph 3: The Role of Interpersonal Communication in Improving Healthcare Quality.Finally, interpersonal communication plays a crucial role in improving the overall quality of healthcare delivery. Effective communication among healthcare team members ensures smooth collaboration and coordination, which is essential for providing seamless patient care. Additionally, open and honest communication within healthcare teams can help identify and address systemic issues and challenges, leading to continuous improvement in the quality of care provided.Conclusion:In conclusion, interpersonal communication is a fundamental component of effective healthcare delivery. It plays a pivotal role in enhancing patient satisfaction, improving treatment outcomes, and overall healthcare quality. By investing in the development of communication skills among healthcare providers, we can ensure better patient care and health outcomes. As healthcare professionals, it is our responsibility to prioritize interpersonal communication and make it a central focus of our practice.Please note that this is a general outline of an essay that meets the requirements you have provided. You can further develop and expand on each section to reach the desired word count while maintaining the focus on the importance of interpersonal communication in healthcare settings.。

医护英语三级应试指南真题English:In preparing for the Nursing English Level 3 exam, it is important to focus on key areas such as medical terminology, patient assessment, and nursing interventions. Familiarizing oneself with commonly used medical terms, understanding their meanings, and being able to apply them in context is crucial for success in the exam. Additionally, practicing patient assessment skills, including taking vital signs, conducting physical examinations, and communicating effectively with patients, is essential. Understanding the basics of nursing interventions such as medication administration, wound care, and patient education will also be helpful in answering exam questions. It is important to approach studying for the exam systematically, using resources such as textbooks, study guides, and practice exams to reinforce knowledge and skills. Remember to also pay attention to areas where you may need additional practice or review, and seek out help from instructors or peers if necessary. By focusing on these key areas and putting in the effort to study and practice, you can improve your chances of success on the Nursing English Level 3 exam.中文翻译:在准备护理英语三级考试时，重点关注医学术语、患者评估和护理干预等关键领域至关重要。

医护英语水平考试第三级Medical English Test System (METS)Level 3姓名__________ 准考证号__________ 时间：120分钟考生须知13.严格遵守考场规则，考生得到监考人员指令后方可开始答题。

14.答题前考生须将自己的姓名和准考证号写在试卷和答题卡上。

15.答客观题时，一律用2B铅笔，按照答题卡上的要求答题。

如要改动答案，必须用橡皮擦干净。

16.答写作题时，必须用黑色签字笔在答题卡上答题。

17.注意字迹清楚，保持卷面整洁。

18.考试结束时将试卷和答题卡放在桌上，不得带走。

待监考人员收毕清点后，方可离场。

===================================================I ListeningPart 1Questions 1 – 5• You will hear five extracts from conversations in different clinical departments.•For questions 1-5, choose from the list A-F to show which case each doctor is talking about. Use the letters only once. There is one extra letter which you do not need to use.•You will hear each recording twice.Doctor 1 Doctor 2 Doctor 3 Doctor 4 Doctor 5 A The patient has difficulty in coughing up phlegm.BThe patient ‘s got some lumps of fibrous tissue on the womb which are causing the bleeding.CThe patient ‘s family members are prone to develop gastroesophageal reflux problem.DThe patient needs some treatments to prevent further deterioration of the kidney illness.E The patient has to be hospitalized and isolated.F The patient had better choose a non-surgical treatment for his condition.Questions 6 – 13•You will hear a conversation between two doctors.•Are the following statements ―R ight‖ or ―W rong‖? If there is not enough information to answer ―R ight‖ or ―W rong‖, choose ―Not Menti oned.‖•You will hear the recording twice.6 Dr. Harry Drabkin is an expert who has been carrying out enterological research.A RightB WrongC Not Mentioned7 There are nearly 40,000 people who develop kidney cancer in the U. S. every year.A RightB WrongC Not Mentioned8 With kidney cancer, back pain and blood in the urine are the common symptomsoccurring at the early stage.A RightB WrongC Not Mentioned9 Small tumors in the kidney tend to be benign.A RightB WrongC Not Mentioned10 Spots in the lung may suggest late tumors of the kidney.A RightB WrongC Not Mentioned11 Visible blood in the urine can also signal other diseases but does not require animmediate visit to the doctor.A RightB WrongC Not Mentioned12 Laparoscopic-based operation on small tumors involves long and midline incision.A RightB WrongC Not Mentioned13 Tumors at more advanced stage as well as early tumors can be removed bylaparoscopic surgery.A RightB WrongC Not MentionedQuestions 14 – 20•You will hear a discussion among a supervising physician and two medical students. •For questions 14-20, choose the best answer.•You will hear the discussion twice.14 Clinton developed aA gastric disease.B cardiovascular disease.C renal disease.15 Clinton‘s disease was treated byA acupuncture.B chemotherapy.C surgery.16 Clinton had experienced the following exceptA angina.B heartburn.C tightness in the chest.17 Which is not the risk factor for coronary heart disease?A Fatigue.B Hypertension.C Heredity.18 Doughnut isA a vegetable containing lots of fiber.B a high-calorie snack.C a delicious fruit rich in vitamin C.19 What lesson can be drawn from Clinton case?A Public figures should inform the people of their illness.B Patients should undergo annual screening test.C Patients can halt the drug if there is improvement.20 Which of the following statements about Clinton is true?A Clinton underwent high standard medical screening test every year.B Clinton always followed the doctor‘s advice.C An unhealthy diet was mainly responsible for Clinton‘s disease.Questions 21 – 25●You will hear a speech on the killer American diet that‘s sweeping the world.•For questions 21–25, complete the notes. In each space write only one word. •You will hear the speech twice.Notes:the (21) …………… of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, hypertension, preventable by changing diet and lifestyleglobal illness examples:●Asia (from having one of the lowest rates of heart disease, obesity anddiabetes to one of the highest)●Africa (cardiovascular disease equals the HIV and AIDS death)make a difference in diet and practice (22) …………… medicine on a global scale●heart and blood vessel disease still kill more people, preventable and(23) ……………●prostate cancer, progression stopped and reversed, 70 percent regressionor (24) …………… of tumor growth●diabetes, two thirds of adults and 15 percent of kids, increased 70 percent inthe past 10 years, pitiful and preventablewhat we can do●an Asian diet can reverse heart disease and cancer●work with big food companies (McDonald's,and PepsiCo, and ConAgra), makean Asian salad, two-thirds revenue from better foods●free up resources for drugs, treat AIDS, HIV and malaria, prevent(25) …………… flu.II ReadingPart 1Questions 1 – 10•Read the following article about young athletes‘ sport injuries.•For questions 1–5, choose the most suitable heading from the list A–F for each part (1–5) of the article. For questions 6–10, choose the best answer for each space from the list A–F for each sentence (6–10).•Mark the correct letter A–F on your answer sheet.Young Athletes: Injuries and Prevention1High profile events like the Olympics bring the hope that witnessing and celebrating dedicated athletes at the top of their game, will inspire young people to take up sport and physical activities that help them develop confidence, lead more satisfying lives, and not least, secure long-term health by reducing their risk for developing chronic illness like diabetes, obesity, cancer and cardiovascular diseases.But unfortunately, if they don't take appropriate measures, young athletes can instead, end up in pain, on a different path to poor health, due to avoidable sport injury.2According to the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, which is part of the National Institutes of Health in the US, the most common sport injuries are due to accidents, poor training practices or using the wrong gear or equipment. People can also hurt themselves because they are not in shape or because they don't warm up or stretch enough. Some injury experts in the US have said they are also seeing more and more young athletes injured because of overuse and doing too much, and this may partially explain the growing numbers that drop out of sport by the eighth grade. The most common sport injuries are: knee injuries, sprains and strains, swollen muscles, Achilles tendon injuries, pain along the shin bone, and fractures and dislocations. 3Prehabilitation, is a relatively new idea in sports medicine and therapy. It is a personalized exercise program that is individually designed for athletes to help them prevent injury in their given sport. The aim of prehab is to avoid injury by compensating for the repetitive movements and stresses of regular, often daily, training. In some respects, you can view athletic training for peak performance in a sport as a form of repetitive strain, with the potential to result in injury in much the same way as computer operators can get occupational injuries like carpal tunnel syndrome and shoulder problems. With repetitive use, muscles become tight, the body develops imbalances in strength and muscle coordination. These happen naturally during activity, but because training is repetitive, they become repeatedly reinforced with each workout, unless that workout also incorporates some compensating activity, such as in a prehab routine.4To ensure the best chance of success with prehab, the athlete should start practising it before injury occurs. But unfortunately the usual route to prehab is via injury. A typical scenario is the athlete injures him or herself, goes to a sport therapist or specialist trainer for rehabilitation (rehab), and the therapist then persuades them to sign up for prehab to stop it happening again. Another way to keep prehab useful and working for the athlete, is to ensure it continually evolves with the needs and changing fitness and ability of the individual. The exercises should be progressive and re-evaluated regularly. There is also the important need to challenge and motivate the athlete, and stop them becoming bored, or habituated to the program.5 A successful prehab program is one that forms a regular part of an athlete's training routine. The therapist needs to have a detailed knowledge of the athlete's sport, theirstrengths and weaknesses, and be able to have frank, open conversations with the individual.1 Paragraph 1 _____2 Paragraph 2 _____3 Paragraph 3 _____4 Paragraph 4 _____5 Paragraph 5 _____6 If they don't take appropriate measures, young athletes can end up in pain due toavoidable __________.7 More and more young athlete injuries may partially explain the __________ that dropout of sport by the eighth grade.8 The aim of prehab is to avoid injury by compensating for the __________ andstresses of regular, often daily, training.9 The athlete injures him or herself, goes to a sport therapist or specialist trainer for__________.10 A successful prehab program should form a regular part of an athlete's __________.A extreme limitsB sport injuryC growing numbersD rehabilitationE training routineF repetitive movementsPart 2Questions 11 – 17•Read the following article about life of student doctors.•For questions 11–17, choose the answer (A, B, C or D)which you think fits best according to the text.•Mark your answers on the answer sheet.Student DoctorsIn comparison with the lives of other postgraduate students, the life of a student doctor is far from easy. Despite the heavy workload, it seems that the more you learn, the more you realize what you still need to study. As a result, it is not unusual for students to drop out. Misguided teachers attempt to simplify matters in an environment that demands the very best of its practitioners.The situation is little better in the year or two years after qualifying. Poorly paid for such long hours, many junior doctors find themselves becoming disillusioned with medicine. The more depressed they become, the more likely they are to look elsewhere for a career, wasting up to sever years of training and education. An unfortunate statistic is that of those that qualify as doctors, 18% do not remain in the profession for more than three years.The problem can be more clearly defined by considering specific examples. In New Zealand and Britain, for example, the exodus of medical graduates is leaving the remaining newly qualified doctors with responsibilities that are beyond their capacity. In statistics from 1998 over half the graduates from one medical school in New Zealand left the country immediately after qualifying, and hospitals are really beginning to feel the shortage. Certain hospitals in Auckland, for example, do not have enough staff to cover the timetable, and some of the newly qualified doctors are finding themselves on call for 48 hours straight. In Britain, the situation is equally bleak.The structure of the health service itself is the most important factor to be taken into account when considering the number of migrating British medical graduates. Junior doctors are required to take mentors, more senior doctors (often consultants), to act as supervisors. They are entrusted with the educational supervision of doctors in their first year of practice and are responsible for ensuring the application of the principles of good medical practice. However, when interviewed, slightly less than 60% of junior doctors had any positive feedback on the relationship. The remaining respondents described situations in which a consultant was accused of making unreasonable demands, bullying, being unfair, or being sexist. In more extreme cases, the consultant was portrayed as incompetent, insensitive or negligent towards patients.In New Zealand, the situation, although having essentially the same effect of fewer junior doctors, has different causes. There are two main factors which explain this mass migration of medical graduates from New Zealand. The first factor is the student loans system where a medical graduate can leave university having accumulated a loan of anything up to NZ$60,000 in the course of training. By leaving the country, such graduates have the option of at least delaying the repayment of those loans. The other reason is the long hours. The stories of working hours a week being almost in the three-figure mark are often not exaggerated, and this is a situation which is worsening the fewer junior doctors there are.11 The reasons why some student doctors don‘t want to remain in their professioninclude all the following except _________.A heavy workloadB high demand of the professionC being poorly paidD no chance for career development12 According to the passage, teachers of student doctors _________ the complexity oftheir living condition.A overestimateB underestimateC know exactlyD ignore13 For student doctors, which of the following is not true?A Medical courses are more difficult than many other postgraduate courses.B The more they learn, the more they realize what they still need to learn.C A number of graduates are not remaining in the medical field.D Once qualified, the situation for junior doctors slightly improves.14 What does the word ―exodus‖ (Line 2, in the 2nd sentence of the 3rd paragraph) mean?A Declaration.B Expression.C Departure.D Deduction.15 What is the main factor for the migrating of student doctors in Britain?A The structure of the health service.B Full work timetable.C Dissatisfaction with their mentors.D Incompetence for their work.16 According to the interview, _________ student doctors had nothing positive to sayabout their mentors.A slightly less than 60%B slightly more than 60%C slightly less than 40%D slightly more than 40%17 The root of the problem in New Zealand and Britain is _________.A essentially the sameB similarC quite differentD analogousPart 3Questions 18 – 25•Read the following article on the organization, Doctors Without Borders.•Are sentences 18–25on the next page ―Right‖ or ―Wrong‖? If there is not enough information to answer ―Right‖ or ―Wrong‖, choose ―Not Mentioned‖.•For each sentence 18–25, mark one letter A–C on your answer sheet.Doctors Without BordersDoctors Without Borders, French Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF), is an international humanitarian group dedicated to providing medical care to victims of political violence or natural disasters, as well as to those who lack access to such treatment. The group was awarded the 1999 Nobel Prize for Peace.Doctors Without Borders was founded in 1971 by 10 French physicians who were dissatisfied with the neutrality of the Red Cross. The doctors believed they had the right to intervene wherever they saw a need for their assistance, rather than waiting for an invitation from the government, and they also felt they had a duty to speak out about injustice, even though it might offend the host government. In 1972 Doctors Without Borders conducted its first major relief effort, helping victims of an earthquake in Nicaragua. Other significant missions were undertaken to care for victims of fighting in Lebanon (1976), and Afghanistan (1979). Doctors Without Borders has continued to work to relieve famine, offer medical care to casualties of war, and deal with the problem of refugees in many countries throughout the world. In 2003 Doctors Without Borders was a founding partner in the organization Drugs for Neglected Diseases Initiative (DNDi), which works to create medicines for such diseases as malaria, tuberculosis, and HIV/AIDS.Doctors Without Borders works in more than 70 countries. Headquartered in Brussels, the organization has offices in some 20 countries. It was an integral part of the emergency relief efforts in Haiti after the earthquake of 2010, though all three of the organization‘s hospitals in that country had been destroyed by the quake.In addition to providing medical assistance, Doctors Without Borders has a reputation as a highly politicized group, particularly skillful in achieving publicity for its efforts. Its vocal opposition to perceived injustice led to its expulsion from several countries.Doctors Without Borders is a neutral and impartial humanitarian organization that aims first and foremost to provide high-quality medical care to the people who need it the most. It does not promote the agenda of any country, political party, or religious faith, and, as such, endeavors to communicate its history, background, and capabilities to all parties in a given situation so that it may gain the necessary access to populations in need. ―It is saving a lot of people–children and adults–who might otherwise have died, from malnutrition or from preventable causes. There are no other agencies anywhere near here, and we are the only organization providing assistance–in terms of both health care and food–in this region. We have been doing this for years.‖18 Doctors Without Borders is a governmental organization, known for its continuousefforts in providing medical care around the world.A RightB WrongC Not Mentioned19 Doctors Without Borders believes that all people have the right to medical careregardless of race, religion, creed or political affiliation.A RightB WrongC Not Mentioned20 Doctors Without Borders was once a branch of the Red Cross, but later cut its tieswith it because of financial problems.A RightB WrongC Not Mentioned21 Doctors Without Borders was founded in Paris, France in 1971. Its principles aredescribed in the organization's founding charter.A RightB WrongC Not Mentioned22 The first major mission conducted by Doctors Without Borders were to care forvictims of fighting in Nicaragua.A RightB WrongC Not Mentioned23 Doctors Without Borders, headquartered in Brussels, has offices in more than 70countries.A RightB WrongC Not Mentioned24 Because all three of the organization‘s hospitals in Haiti had been destroyed by thequake of 2010, Doctors Without Borders failed to give medical relief.A RightB WrongC Not Mentioned25 As a highly politicized group, Doctors Without Borders is not welcomed by allcountries.A RightB WrongC Not MentionedPart 4Questions 26 – 30•Read the following text about sadness. Five sentences have been removed from the article.•Choose from the sentences A–F the one which fits each space (26–30). There is one extra sentence which you do not need to use.•For each space (26–30), mark one letter A–F on your answer sheet.When Sadness Is a Good ThingIn the 1960s, the pharmaceutical company Sandoz marketed its new tranquilizer Serentil with ads in medical journals suggesting the drug be prescribed to ―the newcomer in town who can't make friends, the woman who can't get along with her new daughter-in-law or the executive who can't accept retirement.‖ But the FDA stopped the ads. Drugs are supposed to treat illnesses, the agency said, not the vicissitudes of living.Isn't that a quaint idea?(26)…………….But today 7% of Americans are on antidepressants (many more have tried them), and ads have touted the drugs for ordinary problems like fatigue, loneliness and sadness. Still, drug companies aren't the (sole) villain in this story. As Allan Horwitz and Jerome Wake-field point out in their incisive new book.The Loss of Sadness: How Psychiatry Transformed Normal Sorrow into Depressive Disorder, we now have a ―legal drug culture‖ built around the widely accepted idea that feeling blue is an illness.Horwitz, dean of social and behavioral sciences at Rutgers, and Wakefield, an expert on mental-illness diagnosis at New York University, agree that depression can have biological roots. (27)……………. They also point out that the human capacity to feel sad is an evolutionarily selected trait that we might not want to drug away.We've been living in an age of melancholy for at least two decades. Outpatient treatment of depression rose 300% between 1987 and 1997. But while it‘s tempting to blame our culture—fear of terrorists, too much caffeine, living by BlackBerry—there's a more straightforward explanation for the boom in dejection. In 1980 the American Psychiatric Association published a new definition of depression in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—usually shortened to DSM—the compendium used by mental-health professionals to make diagnoses.(28)……………The much longer 1980 definition (which is still used, with slight modifications) omitted the requirement that symptoms be ―excessive‖ in proportion to cause. In fact, the revised manual said nothing about causes and listed symptoms instead.To be diagnosed with major depressive disorder today, you need have only five symptoms for two weeks, which can include such common problems as depressed mood, weight gain, insomnia, fatigue and indecisiveness. The DSM does make an exception for bereavement: if you recently lost a loved one, such symptoms are not considered disordered. But the manual doesn't make exceptions for other things that make us sad—divorce, financial stress, a life-threatening illness.Still, is there anything wrong with medicating normal sadness if you don't mind side effects? Horwitz and Wakefield take no position on this.(29)……………But the authors also note that ―loss responses are part of our biolog ical heritage‖. Nonhuman primates separated from sexual partners or peers have physiological responses that correlate with sadness, including higher levels of certain hormones. Human infants express despair to evoke sympathy from others.(30)……………It also teaches us that whatever prompted the sadness—say, getting fired because you were always late to work—is behavior to be avoided. This is a brutal economic approach to the mind, but it makes sense: we are sometimes meant to suffer emotional pain so that we will make better choices.A These sadness responses suggest sorrow is genetic and that it is useful attracting socialsupport, protecting us from aggressors.B The FDA was worried back then about an overmedicated society; in 1956, 5 % ofAmericans were on tranquilizers.C But they persuasively argue that many instances of normal sadness—the kind thatdescends after you lose a job or get dumped—are now misdiagnosed as depressive disorder.D The new definition was a radical departure from the old one, which had described―depressive neurosis‖ as ―an excessive reaction of depression due to an internal conflict or to an identifiable event such as the loss of a love object.‖E If you struggle with constipation or diarrhea, something is wrong and you are contributing tothe toxic overload and poisoning of your body.F They point out that women giving birth take painkillers even though pain is a normal part ofthe process.Part 5Questions 31 – 40•Read the following text on administering medications.•Choose the best word (A, B, C or D) for each space.•For each space 31–40, mark one letter A–D on your answer sheet.31A over B beyond C through D on32A desired B great C contrast D fast33A additive B placebo C contrary D adverse34A for B as C with D on35A as B through C against D for36A commission B omission C emissions D transmission 37A Because B Whereas C Although D Despite38A frequently B consequently C definitely D undoubtedly 39A conscious B ignoring C neglecting D aware40A refined B dominated C noticed D definedIII WritingQuestion 41●Write an essa y of about 150 words on the topic ―Should Doctors and Nurses Lie?‖ You shouldbase your essay on the clues given below.●Please write your essay on the Answer Sheet.Should Doctors and Nurses Lie?1. 医生、护士向绝症病人撒谎隐瞒病情的现象很常见2. 但有些医生护士对此持反对观点3. 你的看法METS第三级考试听力录音文本This is METS 3 Listening Test.There are four parts in the test. Parts One, Two, Three, and Four.You will hear each part twice.We will now stop for a moment before we start the test.Please ask any questions now because you must not speak during the test.Pause (10 seconds)Now, look at the instructions for Part One.Pause (3 seconds)You will hear five extracts from conversations in different clinical departments.For questions 1-5, choose from the list A-F to show which case each doctor is talking about. Use the letter only once. There is one extra letter which you do not need to use. You will hear each recording twice.Pause (3 seconds)Now we are ready to start.Pause (3 seconds)Conversation 1Hello, Mr. Hartley. Come and sit down. The tests show that it is probably a condition called chronic glomerulonephritis which has damaged the kidney. The condition is irreversible – nothing can be done to put it right at this stage I‘m afraid. You‘ve undoubtedly had it for a long time. We‘ll need to keep an eye on you. There are fortunately treatments to make up for the kidney damage.Pause (30 seconds)Conversation 2Well, the X-ray doctor found irritability and distortion of the duodenum although there was no actual ulcer visible on the X-ray. This does not necessarily mean that you have no ulcer. We have to decide the best way of treating it. There are two ways: medical and surgical. In young people we try to avoid operations and we hope that medical means will help. There is no risk attached to the operation and most patients get better after it and have no side effects. But with young people we usually persist with medical treatment.Pause (30 seconds)Conversation 3I can‘t find anything seriously wrong with you. I think this is due to the weakness of the muscle at the lower end of your gullet which is allowing acid to come back into your gullet. We‘d better do an X-ray of the stomach and gallbladder as you have this tendency in your family. We‘ll check on the blood as well. Avoid bending. The stomach should not be empty of food for too long. Try to eat little and often. I‘ll give you some medicine to take after meals. I‘ll see you in three weeks when I‘ve got the results of the X-rays and tests.Pause (30 seconds)Conversation 4Well, one of these would clear the chest in the morning. All you do is shake it and puff. One puff isusually sufficient. You must not have more than two puffs and no more for three hours. These are absolutely safe if you stick to that dose. This would help to clear your chest and before you go up a hill you could have a puff. I‘ll write to your doctor about that, shall I?Pause (30 seconds)Conversation 5It‘s difficult to say just now exactly what‘s wrong. Try to relax and keep calm. Now I would like to transfer you to the Isolated Ward. Please wait until we get the result of the blood test and the X-ray. If you are suffering from SARS indeed, you will be all right after proper treatment in most conditions, although the process may be slow.Pause (30 seconds)Now you’ll hear Part 1 again.This is the end of Part OnePause (3 seconds)Now look at Part Two.You will hear a conversation between two doctors.Are the following statements “R ight” or “W rong”? If there is not enough infor mation to answer “R ight” or “W rong”, choose “Not M entioned.”You will hear the recording twice.Pause (3 seconds)Doctor A: I am Dr. Linda Austin. I am interviewing Dr. Harry Drabkin who is the Chief of Hematology-Oncology here at the Medical University of South Carolina. Dr.Drabkin, I know that your own area of specialty is in kidney cancer, or renalcancer. How common is that cancer?Doctor B: Approximately, I would say, 35,000 to 38,000 cases in the U.S. every year. And it tends to be a fairly silent disease. It is an internal organ. It is not something thatyou feel getting bigger. Most people have fairly no symptoms with early disease.The symptoms they develop are usually late, things like back pain. Blood in theurine, I would say, probably is one of the more common things for late diseases,when the tumors are large. Many tumors today are discovered incidentallybecause of a CT scan that was done for some other reason. It is a greattechnique. It is very accurate. We are picking up more and more small tumors.Those tumors, by and large, tend to be not metastatic. So, the ones that I see,that have spread to some place else, like the lung, or bones, or liver, or someplace like that, are these late tumors. It is much like ovarian cancer in terms of notproducing symptoms until it is very late.Doctor A:So I guess one take-home point, then, is anytime one has visible blood in the urine, it certainly is time to call your doctor right away.Doctor B:Absolutely. And it doesn‘t have to be kidney cancer. It could be a bladder infection. It could be a stone in the bladder. It could be a tumor somewhere in thesystem from the bladder to the ureters, to the kidney, whatever. But the importantthing is, it should never be left alone, always should be looked at.Doctor A:You mentioned that often these tumors are picked up incidentally. The doctor may have ordered a scan for something else and sees a small tumorin the kidney that has not spread. In that case, is it a pretty simple matter ofjust operating on it?Doctor B:It is a simple matter. And the surgery these days for small tumors is pretty simple.For the most part, it can be laparoscopic-based. So, instead of having a bigincision, you have a couple of small holes in your belly where the surgeons go in,stick the scopes, fill the belly up with air and take these tumors out. People are out。

医护英语三级试题及答案一、听力理解（共20分）1. A) What is the man's occupation?B) What does the man usually do on weekends?C) What is the woman's suggestion for the man?D) What is the relationship between the speakers?录音内容：[此处为听力材料的音频文件]答案：D2. A) The patient needs to take the medicine before breakfast.B) The patient should take the medicine after dinner.C) The patient is advised to take the medicine with food.D) The patient is told to avoid taking the medicine with milk.录音内容：[此处为听力材料的音频文件]答案：B[继续列出剩余听力理解题目及答案]二、词汇与语法（共30分）31. The doctor ________ the patient's condition carefully before making a diagnosis.A) examinedB) observedC) inspectedD) surveyed答案：A32. Despite the heavy rain, they ________ to the hospital.A) set offB) set upC) set outD) set back答案：C[继续列出剩余词汇与语法题目及答案]三、阅读理解（共30分）阅读下列短文，然后回答问题。

Passage 1[此处为第一篇文章的内容]33. What is the main idea of the passage?A) [选项A]B) [选项B]C) [选项C]D) [选项D]答案：C34. According to the passage, what is the role of the nurse?A) [选项A]B) [选项B]C) [选项C]D) [选项D]答案：B[继续列出剩余阅读理解题目及答案]四、完形填空（共10分）[此处为完形填空短文及选项]35. A) [选项A]B) [选项B]C) [选项C]D) [选项D]答案：A36. A) [选项A]B) [选项B]C) [选项C]D) [选项D]答案：D[继续列出剩余完形填空题目及答案]五、翻译（共10分）37. 请将下列句子从中文翻译成英文。

医护英语三级写作1. Patient Discharge Summary。

Patient Name:_________Discharge Date:_________。

Medical Record:_________Date of Admission:_________。

Final Diagnosis:。

The patient was admitted on __________(admission date) witha diagnosis of __________. During the hospitalization, thepatient was treated for this condition in the following manner:。

1. Medications:。

The patient was prescribed the following medications during the hospitalization:。

-__________。

-__________。

2. Medical Procedures:。

The patient underwent the following medical proceduresduring the hospitalization:。

-__________。

-__________。

3. Therapeutic Interventions:。

The patient received the following therapeutic interventions during the hospitalization:。

-__________。

-__________。

4. Diagnostic Tests:。

The patient underwent the following diagnostic tests during the hospitalization:。

The Importance of Patient-Centered Care inModern HealthcareIn the rapidly evolving landscape of modern healthcare, the concept of patient-centered care has emerged as a crucial aspect of providing high-quality medical services. This approach emphasizes the importance of considering the unique needs, preferences, and values of each individual patient throughout the continuum of their healthcare journey. Patient-centered care not only enhances theoverall patient experience but also contributes to improved health outcomes and patient satisfaction.At its core, patient-centered care is about putting the patient at the heart of all healthcare decisions and practices. It requires healthcare providers to actively engage with patients, listen to their concerns, and address their unique needs. This interactive process fosters a sense of trust and partnership between patients and their healthcare team, leading to better communication and collaboration.In implementing patient-centered care, healthcare providers must adopt a holistic approach that considers thephysical, emotional, social, and spiritual needs of patients. By providing comprehensive care that addressesall aspects of a patient's life, providers can ensure that patients feel supported and cared for throughout their healthcare journey.Additionally, patient-centered care promotes the use of shared decision-making between patients and their healthcare providers. This approach encourages patients to actively participate in making decisions about their healthcare, taking into account their preferences, values, and goals. By involving patients in the decision-making process, providers can ensure that patients feel empowered and informed about their care plan.Moreover, patient-centered care emphasizes the importance of continuous learning and improvement. Healthcare providers must stay updated with the latest medical research and evidence-based practices to ensurethat they are providing the best possible care to their patients. By continuously evaluating and refining their practices, providers can ensure that patient-centered care remains a core value in their healthcare delivery system.In conclusion, patient-centered care is essential in modern healthcare as it focuses on improving the patient experience and outcomes. By putting patients at the center of all healthcare decisions and practices, providers can foster trust, promote collaboration, and ensure that patients feel supported and cared for throughout their healthcare journey. As healthcare systems continue to evolve, it is crucial that patient-centered care remains a top priority in delivering high-quality medical services. **患者为中心护理在现代医疗中的重要性**在现代医疗迅速发展的背景下，以患者为中心的护理理念已成为提供高质量医疗服务的关键方面。