The credibility principle1

《钴冶炼厂供应链尽责管理指南》修订说明
主要内容：
一、指南修订的总体要求与思路
二、《钴冶炼厂供应链尽责管理指南》具体修订内容
一、指南修订的总体要求与思路
为配合责任钴业倡议（RCI）和中国五矿化工进出口商会做好钴冶炼厂评估项目试点工作，达成试点评估的目标之一：测试指南的适用性、可操作性和有效性，在完成了试点阶段4家工厂的钴供应链尽责管理评估后，由评估机构依据ISEAL credibility principle 十项原则（可持续性、改进、相关性、严密性、参与、公正、透明、可达到、真实性及效率），对现行试点版指南中的不完整描述进行了补充说明，对不适用内容进行了修订，以期提高指南的适用性及可操作性。

现将本次指南修订内容总结如下：
1、指南主要结构变化：
为遵循《中国负责任矿产供应链尽责管理指南》和《经济合作与发展组织关于来自受冲突影响和高风险区域的矿产的负责任供应链尽职调查指南》（第3版）的尽责管理框架，增加了原指南中未涉及的第四步“第三方评估”。

根据《中国对外矿业投资社会责任指引》相关条款，增加了第六步“社区参与”。

2、内容修订主要体现在八方面
（1）明确了“高风险”的定义；
（2）调整了风险覆盖范围；
（3）调整了条款的适用性；
（4）突出了基于风险管理的思维；
（5）更明确了适用对象；
（6）突出尽责管理的循序渐进；
（7）明确了供应链尽责管理的全价值链参与和责任；（8）更符合钴行业现状和冶炼厂的实际操作模式。

二、《钴冶炼厂供应链尽责管理指南》具体修订内容
注：“-”代表原指南中未提及。

21 / 21。

Unit 10 The Credibility Principlecredibility [ ,kredi'biləti ] n. the quality of being believable or trustworthyn. 可信性；确实性rational [ 'ræʃənəl ] adj. consistent with or based on or using reasonadj. 合理的；理性的n. 有理数vast [ vɑ:st ] adj. unusually great in size or amount or degree or especiallyextent or scopeadj. 广阔的；巨大的；大量的；巨额的n. 浩瀚；广阔无垠的空间tailor [ 'teilə ] n. a person whose occupation is making and alterin garmentsvt. 剪裁；使合适n. 裁缝vi. 做裁缝alter [ 'ɔ:ltə ] v.cause to change; make different; cause a transformationvt.＆vi. 改变，更改contractor [ 'kɔntræktə] n.someone (a person or firm) who contracts to buildthings n. 承包人；立契约者agonize [ 'æɡənaiz ]v.cause to agonizevi. 感到极度痛苦；挣扎vt. 使极度痛苦；折磨plague [ pleɡ ] n.any epidemic disease with a high death raten. 瘟疫；灾祸；麻烦；讨厌的人vt. 折磨；使苦恼；使得灾祸attorney [ə'tɜːnɪ] n. a professional person authorized to practice law; conductslawsuits or gives legal advice n. 律师；代理人；检查官violate [ 'vaiəleit ] v.act in disregard of laws, rules, contracts, or promisesvt. 违反；侵犯，妨碍；亵渎whatsoever [,wɔtsəu'evə] adj.one or some or every or all withoutspecification no milk whatsoever is leftadj.无论什么run-around [ 'rʌnəraund ] v. play boisterouslyv. 遁词，借口meekly ['mi:kli] adv.in a submissive or spiritless manneradv.温顺地mumble ['mʌmbl] v. to say something too quietly or not clearly enough, sothat other people cannot understand youv.含糊地说incompetent [in'kɔmpitənt] adj. someone who is not competent to takeeffective actionadj.无能力的，不胜任的damn [dæm] n. something of little value n.一点，诅咒inflict [in'flikt] vt. impose something unpleasant.vt. 造成；使遭受（损伤、痛苦等）；给予（打击等）dismay [dis'mei] n. the feeling of despair in the face of obstaclesn. 沮丧，灰心；惊慌vt. 使沮丧；使惊慌stark [stark] adj. complete or extreme.adj.完全的；荒凉的；adv. 完全；明显地；突出地commentary ['kɔməntəri] n. a written explanation or criticism or illustrationthat is added to a book or other textualmaterial .n. 评论；注释；说明enterprise ['entəpraiz] n. an organization created for business venturesn. 企业；事业；进取心；事业心notorious [nəu'tɔ:riəs] adj. having an exceedingly bad reputationadj.adj. 声名狼藉的，臭名昭著的barring ['bɑ:riŋ] prep. unless , besideprep. 除非；不包括；除…以外vow [vaʊ] v. make a promisev. 发誓；郑重宣告n. 发誓；誓言；许愿hence [hens] adv. therefore ; thenceadv. 因此；今后inflated [ɪn'fleɪtɪd] adj enlarged beyond truth or reasonablenessadj. 膨胀的；夸张的fiscal ['fɪsk(ə)l] adj.involving financial mattersadj.会计的，财政的；国库的zest [zɛst] n.vigorous and enthusiastic enjoymentn.热情，热心；风味；风趣estate [ɪ'steɪt] n .everything you own; all of your assets (whether realproperty or personal property) and liabilitiesn.财产；遗产；房地产；状态；庄园tackles ['tækl] v. accept as a challenge; .v.处理；对付；阻截(对方球员)；与…交涉vacate [və'keɪt] v. leave behind empty; move out of;v.空出；让出mediocre [ˌmiːdi'əʊkə(r)] adj. lacking exceptional quality or abilityadj.平庸的；平凡的outperform [ˌaʊtpə'fɔːm]v. be or do something to a greater degree;v.优于；超额完成；过度执行rendered ['rendəd] v. give or supply .v.提供；表现；使成为；宣布；翻译；回报；给予补偿（render的过去时和过去分词）longevity [lɒn'dʒevəti] n. the property of being long-livedn.长寿；寿命。

沟通原则作文模板英语英文回答：Communication Principles。

Effective communication is essential for building and maintaining relationships, achieving goals, and navigating the complexities of life. To ensure successful communication, it is important to adhere to certain principles that guide our interactions with others. Here are some fundamental principles of communication:Principle 1: Clarity。

Clear communication conveys the intended message without ambiguity or confusion. When speaking or writing, use precise language, avoid jargon, and organize your thoughts in a logical manner. Ensure that the recipient can easily understand your ideas and intentions.Principle 2: Conciseness。

Be concise and to the point. Avoid rambling or using unnecessary words. Present your message in a clear and straightforward manner, focusing on the essential information. Brevity helps maintain attention and improves comprehension.Principle 3: Credibility。

）《英语泛读》课程教学⼤纲）《英语泛读》课程教学⼤纲⼀.课程说明1．英语泛读：本课程是英语专业中⼀种⾮常重要的语⾔教学活动，属英语专业实践技能类型，其⽬的在于通过阅读和分析内容⼴泛的材料（包括涉及政治、经济、社会、语⾔、⽂学、教育、哲学等⽅⾯的名家作品），培养学⽣的英语泛读理解能⼒和提⾼学⽣的阅读速度；培养学⽣细致观察语⾔的能⼒以及假设判断、分析归纳、推理检验等逻辑思维能⼒；提⾼学⽣的阅读技能，包括细读、略读、查读等能⼒；扩⼤学⽣知识⾯，加深学⽣对社会和⼈⽣的理解，提⾼学⽣对名篇的分析和欣赏能⼒、逻辑思维和独⽴思考的能⼒，发展学⽣英语语⾔技能，并通过阅读训练帮助学⽣扩⼤词汇量、吸收语⾔和⽂化背景知识。

阅读课教学应注重阅读理解能⼒和提⾼阅读速度并重。

教材应选⽤题材⼴泛的阅读材料，以便向学⽣提供⼴泛的语⾔和⽂化素材，扩⼤学⽣的知识⾯，增强学⽣的英语语感和培养学⽣的阅读兴趣。

2．课程英语名称：Extensive Reading3．教材名称：英语泛读教程4．教学对象：英语教育,翻译和商务英语专业⼀⼆年级学⽣5．开课学期：第⼀，⼆，三，四学期6．学分：每学期1.5个学分7．教学时数：各个学期每周2节课。

(第⼀学期16周，共32课时，第⼆，三，四学期各18周，各36课时)⼆．学时分配表《英语泛读教程》第⼀册是根据《⾼等学校英语专业基础阶段英语教学⼤纲》的要求，由⾼等教育出版社出版的全国专业英语教材，教材内容包括社会内容各个⽅⾯，有政治、经济、体育、⽂学和历史等；⽂体也多样，有记叙⽂、说明⽂、议论⽂等；⽂中配有⼤量的练习。

内容如下：第⼀学期Unit 11.Text Little house in the big woods2.Reading Skills Previewing(1)3.Testing Fast reading4.Home reading A wonderful presentUnit 21.Text Fool’s paradise2.Reading Skills Previewing(2)4.Home reading Sleep uglyUnit 31.Text Young William Shakespeare2.Testing Fast reading3.Home reading The Best Playwright in EnglandUnit 41.Text Migratory Birds and Coffee2.Reading Skills Understanding the topic3.Testing Fast reading4.Home reading InsectsUnit 51.Text Cheating2.Reading Skills Determining the main idea3.Testing Fast reading4.Home reading Stolen dayUnit 61.Text The call of the wild(1)2.Testing Fast reading3.Home reading The call of the wild(2)Unit 71.Text Herry Ford2.Reading Skills Guessing meanings of words from context(1)3.Testing Fast reading4.Home reading Thomas EdisonUnit 81.Text Two boxes of gold(1)2.Reading Skills Guessing meanings of words from context(2)3.Testing Fast reading4.Home reading Two boxes of gold(2)Unit 91.Text Techniques that might smile upon Mona Lisa3.Home reading Internet Chatty NetworkUnit 101.Text London2.Reading Skills Recognizing organization and seeingrelationship(1)3.Testing Fast reading4.Home reading Great BritainUnit 111.Text The all-American slurp2.Reading Skills Recognizing organization and seeingrelationship(2)3.Testing Fast reading4.Home reading How do you do?Unit 121.Text On the wrong side of the global divide2.Testing Fast reading3.Home reading Protect yourself against AIDSUnit 131.Text Miracle on Christmas Day2.Reading Skills Finding the point of view3.Testing Fast reading4.Home reading “My babies are in that car!”Unit 141.Text The confidence game2.Reading Skills Guessing Meanings of words from word-formation3.Testing Fast reading4.Home reading My way to successUnit 151.Text Starting over at 852.Testing Fast reading3.Home reading The divine Ms H《英语泛读教程》第⼆册是根据《⾼等学校英语专业基础阶段英语教学⼤纲》的要求，由⾼等教育出版社出版的全国专业英语教材，教材内容包括社会内容各个⽅⾯，有政治、经济、体育、⽂学和历史等；⽂体也多样，有记叙⽂、说明⽂、议论⽂等；⽂中配有⼤量的练习。

四个部分：新闻中常见的经济类英语词汇1. 出租车起步价 flag down fare2. 法定准备金率 required reserve ratio3. 实体经济 real economy 虚拟经济 fictitious economy4. 反盗版 anti-piracy 知识产权 intellectual property rights5. 出口退税 tax rebates 人民币升值 the yuan’s appreciation6. 信贷紧缩 credit crunch 次贷危机 subprime mortgage rate 最优惠贷款利率 prime rate7. 翻盖手机 flip/clamshell 滑盖手机 slide phone 直板手机 bar phone8. 经济适用房 economically affordable house9. 安居工程 housing project for low-income urban residents10 .住房保障制度 housing security system11. 大宗交易系统 block trading system 竞价交易系统 bid trading system12. 暴利税 windfall tax13. 整容手术 cosmetic surgery (face –lifting)14. 双眼皮手术 double eyelid operation 鼻子手术 nose job15. 从紧的货币政策 tight monetary policy16. 宽松的货币政策 easy monetary policy17. 审慎的财政政策 prudent fiscal policy18. 油价飙升 oil prices surge19. 原油价飙升 crude oil prices surge20. 石油输出国组织 organization of the petroleum exporting countries(OPEC)21. 原油储备 crude oil stockpiles22. 轻质原油 light sweet crude23. 使人均GDP翻两番 to quadruple per capita GDP24. 股权收购、股权投资 stake purchase ; take stakes25. 世界巡演 worldwide tour 复出巡演 comeback tour26. 个体工商户 self—employed people27. 房屋中介 letting agent 保险经纪人 insurance agent 地产经纪人 estate agent28. 直销 direct selling 传销 pyramid selling29. 漫游费 roaming fee 单向收费 one -way charge 来电免费业务 free incoming calls30. 吃回扣 to take/receive/get kickback31. 洗钱 money laundering32. 透支 overdraft33. 股市牛年 bullish year34. 上市子公司 listed subsidiary35. 海关税收 customs revenue36. 税收减免 tax break37. 二流货的 cut—rate38. 高端产品 high end product39. 货币升值 revaluation40. 跳槽 job—popping41. 大片 blockbuster42. 货币经纪人 money broker43. 起征点 cutoff point44. 暴发户；新贵 upstart45. 养老保险 endowment insurance46. 解雇金 severance pay47. 勾销债款 write off48. 高峰期 peak season49. 职员总数 headcount50. 买入股票 buy into51. 出境游 outbound travel52. 逃税 tax evasion53. 公开募款 initial public offering54. 新闻专线 newswire55. 衰退 downturn56. 由…推出 bow out57. 便携式游戏机 PSP58. 负有责任的 accountable59. 精炼厂，炼油厂 refinery60. 杀手 hit man61. 官方证明书 clearance62. 家禽流行病 epizonntic63. 辞职；下台 step down64. 门户网站 portal65. 小轿车 sedan66. 战略石油储备 strategic petroleum reserve67. 半导体 semiconductor68. 基准点，衡量标准 benchmark69. 出口补贴 export subsidy70. 对…不太重视 play down71. 记账卡，签帐卡 charge card72. 反托拉斯 anti—trust73. 资产负债表 balance sheet74. 最佳位置最佳时期 sweet spot75. 货存，库存量 inventory76. 集体诉讼 class action77. 反倾销 antidumping78. 不足，赤字，差额 shortfall79. 美国联邦储备系统 Federal Reserve80. 资本净值 net worth81. 汇丰银行 HSBC82. 国际货币基金组织 IMF83. 财务欺诈 accounting fraud84. 国际套利资本 hot money法律英语词汇:民商经济法专业词汇Civil Laws, Commercial Laws and Economic Laws按照出资比例：in proportion to one’s respective contributions to the investment 办理注销登记：cancel the registration被代理人：the principal被侵权人 the infringed本人名义：in one’s name标的subject matter补偿制度compensation system不动产登记制 Lot and Block System财产法 property law财产的添附 accretion of property; property accession财产抵押权 property mortgage财产继承权：the right of inheritance财产关系和人身关系：property relationships and personal relationships财产管理人 property administrator; custodian of property财产混同 confusion; hotchpot财产留置权 encumbrance采用书面形式：in writing仓单 warehouse voucher草签合同 initial a contract; sign a referendum contract; ad referendum contract 长期合同 long-term contract偿付能力 solvency capability of reimbursement超越代理权：beyond the scope of one’s power of agency撤消合同cancellation of contract撤销合同 cancel a contract; rescind a contract; avoid a contract撤销权 right of rescission; right of revocation撤销要约 revocation of offer; revoke an offer撤销遗赠 cancellation o will; revocationi of will承运人 actual fault of the carrier承运人的留置权 carrier’s lien诚信原则 principle of good faith诚实信用原则：principle honesty and credibility; principle of honestry and good faith; good faith principle ; bona fide principle船舶承租人 charterer船舶抵押权 right of mortgage with respect to a ship; mortage of the ship; ship mortgage船舶抵押权的设定 establishment of mortgage of the ship船舶抵押的消灭 extinguishments of the mortgage of the ship船舶抵押权登记 registration of ship mortgage船舶留置权 possessory lien; lien of ship村民委员会：the village committee惩罚性的损害赔偿 punitive damages乘人之危：take advantage of one’s unfavorable position处分财产 dispose of properties处分权 act of disposition处分原则 principle of disposition代理民事活动：be represented in civil activities by代理权终止：the expiration of one’s power of agency单独承担的责任 undivided responsibility单方法律行为unilateral obligation单方行政行为 unilateral administrative act等价有偿：making compensation for equal value对等原则 principle of reciprocity对价consideration对抗措施counter measure对人权right in personam; personal right对世权 real right; right in rem恶意串通：conspire maliciously恶意行为ill will mala fides法人 judicial person; legal body法人的权利能力 legal capacity of juristic person法人的责任能力 capacity for responsibility of juristic person 法人权限 corporate power法人人格 corporate personality法人身份 status of a legal person法人团体 corporation法人资格 corporate capacity法人组织章程：the articles of association of the legal person 负共同连带责任 liable jointly and severally负全部责任 bear all responsibilities; in all charge负有解释的义务 accountable负有连带义务的每个债务人：each of the joint debtors附带的条件 incident附带要求 contingent claim附带原因 contributory cause; inherent cause附条件的民事法律行为：conditional civil juristic acts附条件的权利 conditional right赋予权力 entitle个体工商户：individual businesses个人合伙：individual partnership各尽所能，按劳分配 from each according to his ability, to each according to his needs给付定金：leave a deposit with the other party工商行政管理机关：the administrative agency for industry and commerce公民基本义务 fundamental duties of citizens合同contract合同法 contract law合同副本 copies of the contract合同规定 contract provisions/stipulations合同履行地法 lex loci contractus合同期限contract period (or contract term)合同条款contract terms (or contract clause)合同有效期contract life合同正本 originals of the contract合伙人：partners合议制 collegial system核准登记的经营范围：within the range approved and registered恢复原状 recovery of original state; restitution; restoration of he original conditions; retitutio in integrum集体所有制企业：an enterprise under collective ownership技术合同纠纷案件 controversy over a technology contract监护人：guardian经主管机关核准登记：approved and registered by the competent authority居民委员会：the neighborhood committee履行监护职责：fulfill duty of guardianship埋藏物、隐藏物：buried or concealed object买卖、出租、抵押、转让：be sold, leased, mortgaged or transferred农村承包经营户：leaseholding farm households平等主体：civil subjects with equal status企业法人被撤销：the dissolution of an enterprise as legal person企业法人分立、合并：the division and merger of an enterprise as legal person企业法人解散：disbanding of an enterprise as legal person契约自由 liberty of contract取得不当得利：profits acquired improperly and without a lawful basis取得法人资格：be qualified as a legal person全民所有制企业：an enterprise owned by the whole people让与 alien; alienate; assign; cede让与的利益 benefit of cession让与权 benefit of cessioni设定义务的规则 rule of imposing duty设立、变更、终止民事关系：establish, change or terminate civil relationship所有权 ownership书面合同 a written contract双倍返还定金：repay the deposit in double双方法律行为 bilateral legal transaction擅自变更或者解除（民事法律行为）：alter or rescind one’s act arbitrarily他物权 right over the property of another提供一定的财产作为抵押物：offer a specific property as a pledge违反合同breach of contract委托代理：entrusted agency委托代理人：an entrusted agent无过错责任 liability without negligence无民事行为能力人：a person having no capacity for civil conduct无因管理：act as manager or provide services in order to protect another person’s interests when he is not legally or contractually obligated to do so下落不明 one’s whereabouts have been unknown限制民事行为能力人：a person with limited capacity for civil conduct享有连带权利的每个债权人：each of the joint creditors行使代理权：exercise the power of agency宣告为无（限制）民事行为能力人：declare … to be a person to be without or with limited capacity for civil conduct遗失物、漂流物：lost-and-found objects, flotsam以抵押物折价或者以变卖抵押物的价款优先得到偿还：to keep the pledge to offset the debt or have priority in satisfying his claim out of the proceeds from the sale of the pledge以合法形式掩盖非法目的：perform under the guise of legitimate acts which conceal illegitimate purposes以欺诈、胁迫的手段：as a result of cheating or coercion意思表示 show one’s intention意思表示真实：the intention expressed is genuine优先购买的权利：a right of pre-emption优先权 priority, preemptive right有过错的一方：the erring party有连带责任的 conjunctly and severally有权向债务人追偿：have the right to claim repayment from the debto造成财产损失：cause any property loss责任能力 capacity for responsibility责任年龄 capacity of responsibility; year of discretion债的标的 object of obligation债的发生 creation of obligation债的消灭 extinction of obligation占有人有权留置该财产：the possessor shall have a lien on the property指定代理：appointed agency执行合同 carry out a contract, execute/implement/fulfill/perform a contract 主要办事机构：the main administrative office追偿：claim compensation from住所：domicileEconomic LawsPART I Company Law*第一部分公司法*Law of the PRC（People's Republic of China）中华人民共和国公司法rights and interests合法权益2-1 legitimate [lɪ'dʒɪtɪmət] adj. 合法的，合理的；v. 使合法，相当于（legitimize）。

法律术语英语词汇draft 法案,草案Government bill 政府议案to pass a bill, to carry a bill 通过议案to enact a law, to promulgate a law 颁布法律ratification, confirmation 批准law enforcement 法律的实施to come into force 生效decree 法令clause 条款minutes 备忘录report 判例汇编codification 法律汇编legislation 立法legislator 立法者jurist 法学家jurisprudence 法学legitimation 合法化legality, lawfulness 法制,合法legal, lawful 合法的,依法的to contravene a law, to infringe a law, to break a law 违法outlaw, outside the law 超出法律范围的offender 罪犯to abolish 废止,取消rescission, annulment 废除,取消repeal, revocation, annulment 废除(法律) cancellation, annulment, invalidation 废除(合同) cancellation (支票)作废annulment 撤消(遗嘱)repeal rescission 撤消(判决)revocation 撤消immunity 豁免,豁免权〖第一范文网整理该文章，版权归原作者、原出处所有。

〗disability, legal incapacity 无资格nonretroactive character 不溯既往性prescription 剥夺公权attainder 公民权利的剥夺和财产的没收constitutional law 宪法canon law 教会法规common law 习惯法criminal law 刑法administrative law 行政法civil law 民法commercial law, mercantile law 商法law of nations 万国公法,国际法international law 国际法natural law 自然法labour laws 劳工法fiscal law 财政法Civil Suit Law, Code of civil law 民事诉讼法Criminal Law 刑事诉讼法Military Law 军法Conscript Law 兵役法Copyright Law 著作权法penal code 刑法典code of mercantile law 商法典civil rights 民事权利,公民权利right of asylum 避难权human rights, rights of man 人权(customs) duties 关税death duty, death tax 遗产税royalties 版税action of debt 债务诉讼acquit 无罪adjourn 暂时停止执行administrative decision 行政判决结果ad damnum 主张一定数额的赔偿金adverse judgement 不利的判决affidavit 传票送达人所写的切结书affirm 确定原判决affirm defence 积极的抗辩agency stage 行政机关的裁决agency hearing 听证会allegation 主张的事实american law 美国法an ex parte hearing 一方当事人到庭说明an adversary hearing 双方当事人到庭辩论answer 答辩状appellate jurisdiction 上诉管辖权appeal 上诉appellant 上诉人appellee 被上诉人appropriate 永久占有arrest the judgement 暂时终止法院判决结果arraignment 刑事案件法官与当事人之间安排案件的程序assigned counsel 公设辩护人assumpsit 承诺履行bailment 寄托制度bail 保释beyond the reasonable doubt 超越合理的怀疑bill of Middlesex 早期诉讼当事人向国王秘书处申请的令状，同意发给后才能到国王法院进行诉讼bailliff 法庭内的法警bias 偏见bench of conference 到法官室或法官面前进行会议bond 提供担保burden of proof 举证责任case law 案例法cause of action 起诉理由chancellor 衡平法官chancery division 衡平法庭circuit court 巡回法院civil law 大陆法civil right act 人权法案civil procedure 民事诉讼法clerk 书记官closing argument 诉讼结论co－defedant 共同被告common law 普通法、习惯法、一致法、共同法compurgation 宣誓采证法compurgatory 宣誓采证法中的证人complaint 起诉状concurrent jurisdiction 竞合管辖权consideration 约因consortium 婚姻生活权；配偶权；亲权contempt of court 藐视法庭罪contract under seal 封印契约contributory negligence 加工过失corpus juris secundum 美国法律百科全书counterclaim 反诉court of common pleas 民诉法院court of king's bench 王室法院court of exchequer 财务法院court of exchequer chamber 财务上诉法院country court 乡镇法院court of common bench 民诉法院court of chancery 衡平法院court of justice of the peace 地方治安法院court of probate 遗嘱继承法院court of divorce 婚姻法院court of appeal in chancery 衡平上诉法院court of crown cases reserved 皇室上诉法院court of assize 巡回法院court of outside the united kingdom 英国境外各法院court of first instance 第一审法院court of second instance 第二审法院court of the international trade 国际贸易法院court of appeals for the federal circuit 联邦巡回上诉法院covenant 封印契约赔偿令状cross claim 被告间诉讼cross examnation 复向对方提出之证人curia regis 国王的法院damages 损害赔偿debt 返还确定金钱的令状decree 衡平法院作成的判决deductive reasoning 演绎法default judgement 一造判决defendant 被告defendant in error 被上诉人demurrer 驳回deposition 诘问内容作成的笔录detinue 非法留置的动产回复令状dialectical reasoning 论理（辩证）方法direct examination 诘问自己提出辩证direct verdict 法官指示陪审团作出直接判决discovery process 发现程序dismiss 驳回dissenting opinion 不同意见书district court 地方法院diversity jurisdiction 多元管辖权docket 案件登陆dual system 双轨并行制度due process 正当程序ejectment 不动产侵害令状en banc 法院全体法官共同审理equatible right衡平上的权利equatible defence 衡平抗辩estate 遗产ex post facto 溯及既往expert witness 专家证人express mention 明示其一排除其他原则expressio unius est exclusio alterius 明示其一排除其他原则exclusive jurisdiction 排他的管辖权exclusionary rule 证据排除法则eyre system 巡回制度felony 重罪foreman of jury 陪审团主席forms of action 严格的诉讼形式forum 法院fountain of all justices 正义的源泉freehould interest in land 对土地有完全权利者general assumpsit 不当得利令状general jurisdiction 一般管辖权geografhic jurisdiction 地域管辖权grand jury 大陪审团habeas corpus 人身保护令状hearsay evidence 传闻证据high court of justice 高级法院holding 法院判决house of lords 上议院house of commons 下议院hearing 听证会impeach 质疑证人的可信度impleader 第三人诉讼implied promise 默示承诺in personam jurisdiction 对人诉讼independent source rules 独立咨询取得的证据indictment 起诉inductive reasoning 归纳法inevitable discovery rule 当然发现原则inferior court 美国联邦法院第一级法院统称小法院information 检察官的起诉状in good faith 诚信善意原则injunction 禁止命令instruction 法官向陪审团作指示interlocutory appeal 中间上诉intermediate appellate court 中间上诉法院inerrogatory 诘问的问题issues 争点joint and several liability 连带赔偿责任judicial act 司法法案judicial committee of the privy council 枢密院司法委员会judgement on the verdict 确定原判决judgement notwithstanding the verdict 自行判决jurisdiction over the subjuct matter 对物诉讼jury 陪审团juvenile court 青少年法院judgement 法官作成的判决king's bench division 王室法庭king's council国王的咨询会议民商法学与经济法学专业词汇〖文字大小：大中小〗〖打印〗〖收藏到：QQ 百度雅虎〗〖关闭〗元宵短信元宵彩信民商法学与经济法学专业词汇Civil Laws, Commercial Laws and Economic Laws按照出资比例：in proportion to one’s respective contributions to the investment办理注销登记：cancel the registration被代理人：the principal被侵权人the infringed本人名义：in one’s name标的subject matter补偿制度compensation system不动产登记制Lot and Block System财产法property law财产的添附accretion of property; property accession财产抵押权property mortgage财产继承权：the right of inheritance财产关系和人身关系：property relationships and personal relationships财产管理人property administrator; custodian of property财产混同confusion; hotchpot财产留置权encumbrance采用书面形式：in writing仓单warehouse voucher草签合同initial a contract; sign a referendum contract; ad referendum contract长期合同long-term contract偿付能力solvency capability of reimbursement超越代理权：beyond the scope of one’s power of agency撤消合同cancellation of contract撤销合同cancel a contract; rescind a contract; avoid a contract撤销权right of rescission; right of revocation 撤销要约revocation of offer; revoke an offer撤销遗赠cancellation o will; revocationi of will承运人actual fault of the carrier承运人的留置权carrier’s lien诚信原则principle of good faith诚实信用原则：principle honesty and credibility; principle of honestry and good faith; good faith principle ; bona fide principle船舶承租人charterer船舶抵押权right of mortgage with respect to a ship; mortage of the ship; ship mortgage船舶抵押权的设定establishment of mortgage of the ship船舶抵押的消灭extinguishments of the mortgage of the ship船舶抵押权登记registration of ship mortgage船舶留置权possessory lien; lien of ship村民委员会：the village committee惩罚性的损害赔偿punitive damages乘人之危：take advantage of one’s unfavorable position处分财产dispose of properties处分权act of disposition处分原则principle of disposition代理民事活动：be represented in civil activities by 代理权终止：the expiration of one’s power of agency单独承担的责任undivided responsibility单方法律行为unilateral obligation单方行政行为unilateral administrative act等价有偿：making compensation for equal value 对等原则principle of reciprocity对价consideration对抗措施counter measure对人权right in personam; personal right对世权real right; right in rem恶意串通：conspire maliciously恶意行为ill will mala fides法人judicial person; legal body法人的权利能力legal capacity of juristic person 法人的责任能力capacity for responsibility of juristic person法人权限corporate power法人人格corporate personality法人身份status of a legal person法人团体corporation法人资格corporate capacity法人组织章程：the articles of association of the legal person负共同连带责任liable jointly and severally负全部责任bear all responsibilities; in all charge 负有解释的义务accountable负有连带义务的每个债务人：each of the joint debtors附带的条件incident附带要求contingent claim附带原因contributory cause; inherent cause附条件的民事法律行为：conditional civil juristic acts附条件的权利conditional right赋予权力entitle个体工商户：individual businesses个人合伙：individual partnership各尽所能，按劳分配from each according to his ability, to each according to his needs给付定金：leave a deposit with the other party工商行政管理机关：the administrative agency for industry and commerce公民基本义务fundamental duties of citizens合同contract合同法contract law合同副本copies of the contract合同规定contract provisions/stipulations合同履行地法lex loci contractus合同期限contract period (or contract term)合同条款contract terms (or contract clause) 合同有效期contract life合同正本originals of the contract合伙人：partners合议制collegial system核准登记的经营范围：within the range approved and registered恢复原状recovery of original state; restitution; restoration of he original conditions; retitutio in integrum集体所有制企业：an enterprise under collective ownership技术合同纠纷案件controversy over a technology contract监护人：guardian经主管机关核准登记：approved and registered by the competent authority居民委员会：the neighborhood committee履行监护职责：fulfill duty of guardianship埋藏物、隐藏物：buried or concealed object买卖、出租、抵押、转让：be sold, leased, mortgaged or transferred农村承包经营户：leaseholding farm households平等主体：civil subjects with equal status企业法人被撤销：the dissolution of an enterprise as legal person企业法人分立、合并：the division and merger of an enterprise as legal person企业法人解散：disbanding of an enterprise as legal person契约自由liberty of contract取得不当得利：profits acquired improperly and without a lawful basis取得法人资格：be qualified as a legal person全民所有制企业：an enterprise owned by the whole people让与alien; alienate; assign; cede让与的利益benefit of cession让与权benefit of cessioni设定义务的规则rule of imposing duty设立、变更、终止民事关系：establish, change or terminate civil relationship所有权ownership书面合同 a written contract双倍返还定金：repay the deposit in double双方法律行为bilateral legal transaction擅自变更或者解除（民事法律行为）：alter or rescind one’s act arbitrarily他物权right over the property of another提供一定的财产作为抵押物：offer a specific property as a pledge违反合同breach of contract委托代理：entrusted agency委托代理人：an entrusted agent无过错责任liability without negligence无民事行为能力人：a person having no capacity for civil conduct无因管理：act as manager or provide services in order to protect another person’s interests when he is not legally or contractually obligated to do so 下落不明one’s whereabouts have been unknown限制民事行为能力人：a person with limited capacity for civil conduct享有连带权利的每个债权人：each of the joint creditors行使代理权：exercise the power of agency宣告为无（限制）民事行为能力人：declare …to be a person to be without or with limited capacity for civil conduct遗失物、漂流物：lost-and-found objects, flotsam以抵押物折价或者以变卖抵押物的价款优先得到偿还：to keep the pledge to offset the debt or have priority in satisfying his claim out of the proceeds from the sale of the pledge以合法形式掩盖非法目的：perform under the guise of legitimate acts which conceal illegitimate purposes以欺诈、胁迫的手段：as a result of cheating or coercion 意思表示show one’s intention意思表示真实：the intention expressed is genuine优先购买的权利：a right of pre-emption优先权priority, preemptive right有过错的一方：the erring party有连带责任的conjunctly and severally有权向债务人追偿：have the right to claim repayment from the debto造成财产损失：cause any property loss责任能力capacity for responsibility责任年龄capacity of responsibility; year of discretion债的标的object of obligation债的发生creation of obligation债的消灭extinction of obligation占有人有权留置该财产：the possessor shall have a lien on the property指定代理：appointed agency执行合同carry out a contract, execute/implement/fulfill/perform a contract主要办事机构：the main administrative office追偿：claim compensation from住所：domicile法律专业词汇（法理、法制史、宪法学）Jurisprudence, History of Legal Systems and Constitution按照法律规定according to law按照确定的份额分享权力：be entitled to rights in proportion to his proper share of the credit按照确定的份额分担义务：assume obligations in proportion to his proper share of the debt案例教学法case system案例汇编case book; case report; law report柏拉图Plato《保护人权与基本自由公约》(1950) Convention for the Protection of Human Rights andFundamental Freedoms, 1950（罗）被视为be deemed as被宣布为非法be outlawed; be declared illegal比较法comparative law比较法学comparative jurisprudence比较法学派school of comparative jurisprudence 比较法制史comparative legal history比较分析法method of comparative analysis比较刑法comparative penal law比较刑法学comparative penal jurisprudence必然因果关系positive causal relationship边缘法学borderline jurisprudence变通办法adaptation; accommodation补充规定supplementary provision补救办法remedial measures不成文法unwritten law不成文宪法unwritten constitution不动产所在地法律law of the place where the real property is situated; lex loci rei immobilisci不可分割的权利impartible right不可抗力force majuere不可侵犯性inviolability不可让与性inalienability不履行法律义务non-performance of obligation不要式行为informal act不要因的法律行为non-causal juristic act不因实效而丧失的权利imprescriptible right不作为abstain from an act; act of omission部门法department law部门规章regulation参照consult参照具体情况in the light of actual conditions参照原文consult the original查士丁尼法典Code Justinian; Codex Justinianus 查士丁尼法规汇编Authenticum超出法律范围的outside of law超出法律权限的extralegal 超过权限exceed authority; beyond jurisdiction成文法written law成文宪法written constitution冲突法conflict of laws; rules of conflict冲突规则conflict rule; rule of conflict除（本法）另有规定外except for otherwise stipulated (by this law)除外条款provisory clause除外责任条款exclusion clause触犯公共利益encroach on the public interests触犯国际利益go against the state’s interests触犯人民利益encroach on the interests of the people; go against the people’s interests传统法律观念traditional ideas of law纯粹法学pure theory of law次要法规by law次要规则secondary rule从宽解释原则doctrine of liberal construction从权利accessory right达到法定年龄come of age大法the fundamental law大法官Lord High Chancellor大法官法院Court of Chancery大陆法系Continental Legal System大律师barrister《大明律》Criminal Law of the Ming Dynasty （中）大陪审团grand jury《大清律例》the Criminal Laws of the Qing Dynasty (中)《大宪章》(1215) Great Charter, 1215(英)单行法规specific regulations单一法律体系unitary legal system单一制政府unitary government但书proviso当代法学动向current trend of jurisprudence当然解释natural interpretation党纪国法party discipline and the law of the country道德规范norm of morality道德义务moral obligation《德国民法典》German Civil code德拉古Draco地方各级人民代表大会local people’s congresses at different levels地方各级人民法院local people’s courts at different levels地方各级人民检察院local people’s procuratorates at different levels地方各级人民政府local people’s governments at different levels第二读second reading第三读third reading二元论the dualistic theory二元君主立宪制dual constitutional monarchy system二元论the dualistic theory二元论者dualist二元制bicameral system法的本质the nature of law法的变化changes of law法的定义definition of law法的发展development of law法的分类divisions of law法的概念concepts of law法的规范作用normalized usage of law法的继承succession of law法律的理想ideal of law法律的权威authority of law法律的失效lapse of law法律的实施administration of law; law enforcement法律的适用application of law法律的统一unification of law 法律的推定presumption of law法律的推理analogy of law法律的完整性integrity of law法律的效力范围force’s scale of law法律的效力形式force’s form of law法律的修改alteration of law法律的演进evolutin of law法律的原理principle of law法律地位平等equal in legal status法律对人的效力personal act of law编纂法律方法legal methodology法律分类classification of law法律赋予权力authority conferred by law法律改革law reform法律概念legal concept法律根据legal basis法律工作者legal professional法律关系legal relation法律关系的运行process of legal relation法律关系客体object of legal relation法律关系主体subject of legal relation法律规定provisions of law法律规范norm of law法律规范的逻辑结构logical structure of legal rule法律规则体系system of legal rules法律含义intendment of law法律另有规定：otherwise stipulated by law法律现象legal phenomenon法律研究legal research法律要件legal requirement法律依据legal basis法律意见legal advice法律意见书legal opinion法律意识law-consciousness法律意义legal sense法律用语legal language法律与正义先验论 a prior theory of law andjustice法律渊源source of law法律原本注释gloss法律原理legal doctrines法律原则principle of legality法律援助legal aid法律约束legal binding; legal restraint法律责任legal responsibility法律责任的道义基础moral basic of legal obligation法律责任的归结imputaton of legal responsibility 法律责任的认定determination of legal responsibility法律责任的执行enforcement of legal responsibility法律责任客体object of legal responsibility法律责任主体subject of legal responsibility法律哲学philosophy of law; philosophie du droit （法）；philosophia juris法律政策policy of the law法律职业道德legal ethics法律指导legal counsel法律制裁legal sanction法律制度regime of law; legal system法律秩序legal order法律主体资格capacity as a subject of law法律主张proposition of law法律属地原则territoriality of laws法律著述legal literature法律专家legal expert法律专业legal profession法律专著和教科书legal treatise and textbook法律咨询legal advice法律尊严legal sanctity法盲legal illiterates法权right法社会学sociology of law 汉英法律专业词汇（法理、法制史、宪法学）Jurisprudence, History of Legal Systems and Constitution法系legal system法协会law society法学jurisprudence法学博士doctor of jurisprudence法学导论leading principles of law法学的范畴体系the system of categories of jurisprudence法学的范畴意识the consciousness of category of jurisprudence法学的基石范畴fundamental categories of jurisprudence法学方法method of jurisprudence法学方法论methodology of jurisprudence法学会law society法学教科书law textbooks法学理论theory of law; legal theory法学权威an academic authority in law法学士bachelor of law法学体系system of jurisprudence法学通论first principles of law法学院faculty of law; law school法医forensic medicine法医学forensic medicine法院court法院调查judicial investigation法院管辖权competence of court法院管辖以外的extrajudicial法院判决court decision法院系统court structure法院组织法judicature act法则articles法哲学philosophy of law法制legal institution法制传统tradition of law system法制的精神spirit of legality法制的尊严dignity of the legal system法制观念legal concept法制观念淡薄very weak in the understanding of law法制教育legal education; education of legal system法制史legal history; history of legal system法治rule of law法治的机制the mechanism of rule of law法治的要素the element of rule of law非实质的immaterial非营利的non-profit非约束性条款permissive provision废止法律annulment of law分别管辖权separate jurisdiction分别财产制separation of property regime分别规定separate provision分担责任share the responsibility分工负责，互相配合，互相制约divide responsibility for their own work; coordinate their efforts and check each other分工负责制division of labor responsibility system分级管理different levels holding different responsibilities分配制度distribution system分析法理学analytical jurisprudence否决权power veto; veto power否认事实denial of facts服从法律amenable to law; subject to the law服从判决accept a judgment符合程序be in order符合法律be in conformity with law符合宪法constitutionality符合宪法的法律constitutional law符合原则be in conformity with the principle盖尤斯Gaius 概括裁定general verdict概括继承general succession干扰司法公正interference with course of justice 刚性条款entrenched clause刚性宪法rigid constitution岗位责任制post responsibility system高等法院high court; high court of justice高度集中highly centralize高度民主high level of democracy高度自治权high degree of autonomy高级法官senior judge高级法院superior court高级人民法院Higher People’s Court高级人民检察院Higher People’s Procuratortate 搁置set aside; abeyance格式条款clause of style公认的行为准则established standard of conduct规避法律in fraud of law规避义务evade obligations规范的法律规则normative rule of law规范法学normative jurisprudence规范性法律文件normalizative document of law规范性法律文件的规范化normalization of normative legal document国际法international law国际法学international jurisprudence过错方tort-feasor; wrongdoer过错推定原则doctrine of presumption过错责任liability for wrongs; tort liability海事法院court of admiralty《汉穆拉比法典》Code of Hammurabi合并条款consolidation of provisions合法的个人财产legal personal property合法地位legal status合法权益the lawful rights and interests合法行为lawful acts; legality of purpose合宪性constitutionality衡平法equity衡平法规则rule of equity衡平法学equity jurisprudence衡平法院Court of Chancery (美)；Court of Equity （英）后法取代前法 A later statute takes away the effect of a prior one.后法优于前法lex posterior derogat priori户籍所在地：the place where his residence is registered互为因果reciprocal causation基本法fundamental law基本法律规范basic norm of law基本方针basic policies基本权利和义务basic rights and duties基本司法概念和假设basic legal conception and assumption技术性法规technical legal rule家庭法family law建立法律关系create legal relations教会法canon law《教会法大全》Corpus Juris Canonici教会法学家decretalists解释法律的技术规则technical rule of interpretation解释权power of interpretation近因immediate cause禁治产人imbecile; interdicted person经常居住地：habitual residence经法律确认的ascertained by law经法律许可authorized by law经验法学scholastic theories of law纠问式审判trial by inspection or examination具有法律约束力的文件legally binding instrument 具有同等效力的with equal authenticity具有约束力的判例binding precedent绝对衡平法absolute equity 君主立宪制度constitutional monarchy开罗会议Cairo Conference凯恩斯主义keynesianism可撤销的法律行为revocable juristic act可让与性alienability可用法律强制执行的enforceable at law可预见的foreseeable可直接适用的法律directly applicable law可追溯的retrospective客观条件objective condition客观因素objective factor客体object扩充解释amplified interpretation理论法理学派theoretical jurisprudence school理性决定说theory of rational decision理性认识conceptual knowledge历史法学historical jurisprudence历史法学派historical school of law历史解释historical interpretation立法机构legislative body立法权law-making power; legislative power 立法委任权legislation mandate立法效力legislative effect立法议案bills立法者law-maker; legislator立宪constitutionalism利益冲突conflict of interests利害关系人interested person连带法律关系joint legal relations连带责任joint and several obligation论理解释logical interpretation罗马法Roman Law; Jus Romanum罗马法系Roman-Law System罗马皇帝优士丁尼一世Justinian I罗马法理学jurisprudential《罗马法律汇编》Roman Digest罗马法学派school of Romanists罗马－日耳曼法系Roman-Germanic family罗马私法Jus Privatum逻辑解释logical interpretation马伯里诉麦迪逊案Marbury vs. Madison马克思主义法律理论Marxism-leninism马克思主义法学Marxist jurisprudence马克思主义法学家Marxist jurist没有事实根据的unsubstantial美国国际法协会American Institute of International Law美国海事法庭Admiralty Courts of the U.S.A.美国联邦地区法院United States district courts美国联邦法官federal judge没有法律依据的lawless没有判决先例的案件case of first impression《民法大全》Corpus Juris Civilis民法典civil code民法法系Civil-Law System民法通则：General Principles of the Civil Law民法学science of civil law民事案件中“占有优势证据”的原则“by a preponderance of evidence”in civil cases民事权利能力：the capacity for civil rights民事权益：civil rights and interests 民事诉讼法学Civil Procedure Law民事制裁civil punishment; civil sanction民政部门：the civil affairs department明代法规laws and regulations of Ming Dynasty 明示或默示的express or implied默示表达communication by implication拿破仑法典The Code Napolean内部规章internal regulations纳妾制concubinage南京条约(1843) Treaty of Nanking, 1843拟制理论fiction theory拟制买卖mancipatio欧洲大陆法continental law偶然权利contingent right偶然因果关系fortuitous causal relationship偶然因素accidentalia偶因accidental cause排他的权利right to exclude all others派生的权利derived right派生取得derivative acquisition判例法系Case Law System普通法法系Common-Law System判例法系Case Law System判例汇编reports; reports of judgments普通法common lawAb initio从开始形容事件由开始时的状态，例如合约从开始便已经无效，称为“The contract was void ab initio”。

I广安职业技术学院《英语泛读(3)》课程标准2012年 8月制定要求一、《课程标准》要由开课系提出具体要求、意见，再由授课教师负责执笔。

二、同一门课程，如果学时不同、适用专业不同，那么《课程标准》就要不同。

三、《课程标准》的制定，必须经专业组的充分讨论，各系（室）主管教学的副主任、主任必须进行严格审核，由教务处审批执行。

四、《课程标准》应每学期进行一次修订。

每学期的《课程标准》要作为原始教学文档进行保留。

五、《课程标准》应一式四份，授课教师、开课专业、系教学秘书、教务处各一份。

六、排版要求1、正文：宋体小四号2、标题序号依次使用：一、（一） 1、（1）3、一级标题：黑体小三号二级标题：黑体四号三级标题：黑体小四号四级标题：宋体小四号4、段落排版要求：首行缩进2个字符；段前段后为0；行间距为1.5倍行距。

《英语泛读(3)》课程标准一、课程基本信息课程名称：英语泛读(3) 课程代码：203129课程类别：专业必修课课程类型：A类（纯理论课）是否为精品课程：院内一般课程适用专业： 2012级英语教育专业总学时：36（理论学时数：36，实践学时数：0）开课单位：教育二系授课单位：教育二系编写执笔人及编写日期：蒋春容 2012年8月20日审定负责人及审定日期：二、课程定位与课程设计（一）课程性质与作用本课程的性质：“英语泛读”是我校英语教育专业的一门专业必修课程。

本课程体系完全符合英语教育专业培养德、智、体等全面发展，具有宽广的基础知识和厚实的专业知识，有一定的科研能力和较强的社会实践能力的九年义务教育阶段的英语教师和能从事中小学英语教育等工作的高素质、技能型的人才的培养规格和培养目标，以及与英语教育专业和文秘等相关技术领域专业岗位群的任职要求。

本课程的作用：“英语泛读”一方面使学生学习阅读技巧、提高阅读速度，打好扎实的语言基本功，注重培养跨文化交际能力，加强学生思维能力和创新能力的培养。

另一方面使他们增大阅读量，通过大量阅读，扩大知识面，并巩固已有词汇，培养学生的学习兴趣，为学生日后进一步学习新知识打下良好的基础，提高学生的业务素质，培养他们的思想道德素质、文化素质和心理素质。

《英语阅读》教学大纲一、总纲《英语阅读》是所有高校英语专业的专业技能必修课。

它通过系统的英语阅读课程教学，培养学生掌握正确的英语阅读方法，巩固和扩大学生的英语词汇量及各种形式的固定搭配（短语、成语、俚语、），增加学生的英语语言文化背景知识及相关学科的英语知识量（题材广泛的各类英语读物），使学生习得在信息时代通过英语快速获取相关信息的能力。

教学目标：在教学中重点培养学生的快速阅读能力、快速抓取内容要点的能力和提高对所阅读材料的理解程度。

并且继续强化学生已经习得的正确阅读方法，培养各种阅读技能。

如：掌握英文报纸标题的浏览，掌握用于报纸标题的英语缩略词语，注意分析英文报刊中新闻报道中首段或标题的主题意义，阅读报刊中的小说故事，了解英美的主要流行杂志，广告阅读，了解产品说明书等。

并且有针对性地讲解与教学内容有关的语法重点和难点，随时回答学生的各种问题。

学时分配：本教材上个四学期，共144学时，每周2学时，每学期36学时，一、二、三学期考试，第四学期考查。

教材：《英语阅读教程》刘乃银主编, 高等教育出版社主要参考书目：1.《英语阅读教程》韩志先等主编,, 高等教育出版社, 1989年5月第一版，2001年6月重印2．《新编英语阅读教程》王守仁杨敬清主编, 上海外语教育出版社，1996年8月第一版，2003年5月重印。

考核方式：一、二、三学期考试，第四学期考查。

二、主要内容及教学大纲要求绪论(1学时)主要内容；《英语阅读教程》系受教育部委托编写的材料，供高等学校英语专业一，二年级使用，亦适用于同等程度的英语自学者。

教材旨在提高学生英语阅读理解能力。

扩大词汇量，并且掌握基本的阅读技巧。

《英语阅读教程》全套共四册。

每册15个单元，按阅读教材的内容和难度进行编排。

每单元一般分为四部分。

第一部分为阅读课文及练习。

练习包括判断课文中心思想，阅读理解，课堂讨论题和词汇练习；第二部分为阅读技巧，重点介绍各种阅读技能，并配有相应的练习；第三部分为快速阅读练习，提供3篇短文，要求在规定的时间内完成；第四部分为课外阅读，提供和课文长度相当的语言材料，配有阅读理解和思考题。

英语阅读课程教学大纲课程编号：课程名称：英语阅读英文名称：Extensive Reading课程类型：专业基础必修课总学时：36×4 讲课学时：36×4 实验学时：学分：适用对象：英语专业本科生一、二年级先修课程：无一、课程性质、目的和任务阅读课是英语专业基础阶段教学的一门必修课，同时也是使学生大量接触英语读物和培养阅读能力的一门实践基础课。

英语阅读课的目的在于培养学生的英语阅读能力和提高学生的阅读速度；培养学生细致观察语言的能力以及假设判断、分析归纳、推理检验等逻辑思维能力；提高学生的阅读技能，包括略读、寻读、细读、评读等能力；并通过阅读训练帮助学生扩大词汇量，增强语感，不断积累各种语言知识，加深文化沉淀。

阅读课教学应注重阅读理解能力与提高阅读速度并重。

教材应选用题材广泛的阅读材料，以便向学生提供广泛的语言和文化素材，扩大学生的知识面，培养学生的阅读兴趣。

课外指定长篇简易读物和浅显原著，培养学生细致观察语言的能力，要求学生定期写读书报告。

阅读课教学中，要加强学生思维能力和创新能力的培养；要有意识地训练学生分析与综合、抽象与概括、多角度分析问题等多种思维能力以及发现问题、解决难题等创新能力；正确处理语言技能训练与创新能力培养的关系；并注重培养学生对文化差异的敏感性、宽容性以及处理文化差异的灵活性，注重培养跨文化交际能力。

二、教学基本要求本课程重点讲述英语阅读的基本原理、阅读技巧和实践方法，侧重于英语学习者语言综合知识的运用。

因而，在本课程的教学过程中，必须使学生真正透彻地领会诸如阅读的过程、图式理论、构词法、猜词技巧、句子与句子的关系、话题与话题句、要旨、推理与判断、文体与风格等阅读理论内涵；要注重阅读理论与阅读实践的紧密结合，处理好阅读速度与理解之间的关系，避免知识的重复和脱节，从而使学生能够得到比较系统而全面的英语阅读基本技能。

三、教学内容及要求1、教材中阅读文章每学期30篇（其中课内指定阅读15篇，课后阅读15篇）。