丁往道英语写作手册精品PPT课件

◆命题作文<社会热点类>题1 [四川师范大学2015研]In September 2014, the Chinese e-commerce giant Alibaba’s flotation in the US has caused a stir in the work. Undoubtedly, Ma Yun becomes the center of attention in public again. What do you know about Ma Yun and what inspiration you’ve gained from his life ex perience and success? Write an essay of about 400 words on the topic. You should supply an appropriate title for your essay.【参考范文】The Unstoppable Power of PersistenceIn last September, Alibaba, a counterpart to eBay or Amazon in China, floated on the stock market with a value of £140 billion approximately. With such a record-breaking IPO, Ma Yun, the founder of this prosperous company, has become the centre of public discussion again. From my perspective, it is his persistence in chasing his dreams that impresses me most.Throughout his life, Ma Yun himself admitted that he had experienced rejections for many times, including less good performance in entry exams for colleges in China, setbacks in finding a job and so on. However, being clearly aware of his strengths and weaknesses, he chose to sharpen his proficiency in English. Inspite of the limited resources and less ideal environment for learning English, he managed to practice his oral English as well as broaden his horizons by giving foreign tourists free guide every morning in his hometown Hangzhou. And this experience lasting for nine years proved to be conducive to both the improvement in his languages abilities and the formation of a brand new world view.While working as a translator for a US trading company, Ma Yun decided to start his own online business in China, aiming to build a large Internet market to connect consumers and companies from different regions or countries. And that is how Alibaba began. At the beginning, there were only fifteen employees in 1999. But by now, this Chinese e-commerce giant has, according to Ma Yun, directly or indirectly created 40 million jobs in China. And its founder plans to expand market abroad. Nevertheless, the transformation from a startup to a listed company with the largest initial public offering in history, did not proceed smoothly. If he had not manages to attracted investment in 2000, Alibaba could have failed like many other Internet companies did at that time. What’s more, rumors or doubts have never completely disappeared, whether it was at the early stage or at the prosperous period of Alibaba. As for Ma Yun, scarcely does he allow these noises to overwhelm his inner voices. It’s his persistence and commitment that make his dreams come true in the end.To sum up, just as the old saying goes, constant dropping wears the stone. As long as we pursuit our dreams like what Ma Yun does, nothing could stop us from realizing them, since persistence not only gives us the hope to hold on to ourdreams, but also enables us to fight against obstacles all along.【范文点评】题目要求围绕阿里巴巴在美国成功上市这一事件，谈谈作为中国互联网巨头传奇人物马云，他的经历给了你怎样的启发，撰写一篇约400词左右的文章。

第三章造句Ⅰ. 完整句和不完整句1. 完整句（1）完整句的语法结构必须完整，即一个完整句必修至少有一个主语和一个谓语动词；如果该谓语动词是及物动词，还得有一个宾语；若是个系动词，则必须有一个表语或补语：He came.She wrote a letter.Dr. Smith is a professor.（2）一个完整的句子以大写字母开始，以句号结束。

2. 不完整句有时为取得特殊效果可用到不完整的句子。

如：It is hard to hear a new voice, as hard as it is to listen to an unknown language...Why? Out of fear. The world fears a new experience more than it fears anything. Because a new experience displaces so many old experiences. And it is like trying to use muscles stiff for ages. It hurts horribly.—D. H. Lawrence He was, I think, very handsome. I gather this from photographs and from my own memories of him, dressed in his Sunday best and on his way to preach a sermon somewhere, when I was little. Handsome, proud, and ingrown, “like atoe-nail,” somebody said.—James Baldwin 在上面第一篇中有三个不完整的句子(“why?”“Out of fear.”以及“Because a new experience...”)，在第二篇中有一个(“Handsome，proud”)。

以下是附加文档，不需要的朋友下载后删除，谢谢顶岗实习总结专题13篇第一篇:顶岗实习总结为了进一步巩固理论知识，将理论与实践有机地结合起来，按照学校的计划要求，本人进行了为期个月的顶岗实习。

这个月里的时间里，经过我个人的实践和努力学习，在同事们的指导和帮助下，对村的概况和村委会有了一定的了解，对村村委会的日常工作及内部制度有了初步的认识，同时，在与其他工作人员交谈过程中学到了许多难能可贵经验和知识。

通过这次实践，使我对村委会实务有所了解，也为我今后的顺利工作打下了良好的基础。

一、实习工作情况村是一个（此处可添加一些你实习的那个村和村委会的介绍）我到村村委会后，先了解了村的发展史以及村委会各个机构的设置情况，村委会的规模、人员数量等，做一些力所能及的工作，帮忙清理卫生，做一些后勤工作；再了解村的文化历史，认识了一些同事，村委会给我安排了一个特定的指导人；然后在村委会学习了解其他人员工作情况，实习期间我努力将自己在学校所学的理论知识向实践方面转化，尽量做到理论与实践相结合。

在实习期间我遵守了工作纪律，不迟到、不早退，认真完成领导交办的工作。

我在村委会主要是负责管理日常信件的工作，这个工作看似轻松，却是责任重大，来不得办点马虎。

一封信件没有及时收发，很有可能造成工作的失误、严重的甚至会造成巨大的经济损失。

很感谢村委会对我这个实习生的信任，委派了如此重要的工作给我。

在实习过程中，在信件收发管理上，我一直亲力亲为，片刻都不敢马虎。

为了做好信件的管理工作，我请教村委会的老同事、上网查阅相关资料，整理出了一套信函管理的具体方法。

每次邮递员送来的信件，我都要亲自检查有无开封、损坏的函件，如果发现有损坏的函件，我马上联络接收人亲自来查收。

需要到邮局领取的函件，我都亲自到邮局领取，并把信函分别发放到每个收件人的手里。

对于收到的所有信函，我都分门别类的登记，标注好收发人的单位、姓名还有来函日期等等。

我对工作的认真负责，受到了村委会领导和同事们的一致好评，在他们的鼓励下，我的工作干劲更足了。

延安大学西安创新学院外语系课程教案课程名称：英语写作主导教材：《英语写作教程》所属教研室：大学英语第二教研室课程讲授人：李蓉适用年级：英语专业14级授课时间：第2周—第18周2015—2016学年第一学期课程教案课程教案课程教案课程教案课程教案课程教案课程教案课程教案延安大学西安创新学院外语系课程教案课程教案课程教案课程教案1.1 Common features of good writing1. To express a clear point means to convey the writer's main idea or--in the case of descriptivewriting--the significance of the object, place or person described; in other words, an attentive reader should be able to grasp the writer's purpose.2. To be tightly structured, writing should contain logical or associative connections and transitions which clearly express the relationship of the ideas described.3. To be grammatically and syntactically correct, writing should adhere to the rules of Standard American English, including proper punctuation and spelling. If writers choose to use unconventional syntax, they should be able to justify their choices.1.2Cultural differences in writing1. Different ways of thinking2. Different ways of analysis3. Concrete thinking and abstract thinking4. Different valuesValues on space-timeValues on human behaviorsValues on social relationships1.3English writing VS. Chinese writing1.Chinese writers tend to be ―indirect‖, while Anglo-Americans are found to be more ―direct‖.2.English and Chinese writing differ in sentences and word variety.3.English is found to use more connectives than Chinese, both between clauses or sentences andbetween paragraphs.1.4Strategies in learning English writing1. From the beginning, you have to learn how to write an English essay.2. English writing tends to be more ―rigid‖ than Chinese writing.3. Remember that reading helps to learn how to write.4. Writing is also learned through writing.1.5 Homework1. Go over the following paragraphs, one in English and the other in Chinese, and decide which sentence in each paragraph express the author’s main idea. Write your answers on the space provided.2. What do you think translation form a preconceived Chinese version needs to be avoided when we are writing in English? Discuss with your partners and then list at least three reasons on the space provided.课程教案Part T wo Diction2.1Levels of words ----Three levels⑪Formal words: Also learned words, literary words or ―big‖ words, containing three or more than three syllables, seldom used in daily conversation, e.g. enough-sufficient; deal with-handle.⑫common words: Most of the words people use every day and appear in any types of writing, e.g. question, brother.⑬informal words: Mainly used in informal or colloquial words, short and seldom appear in formal writing, such as guy-man, puppy, daddy, slang.2.2 General and specific wordsComparatively speaking, some words are more general or more specific in meaning than other words. P rofessionals, for instance, is more general than scientists, doctors, teachers, lawyers, journalists, etc, all of which are more specific. But scientists may be called a general word then compared with physicists or chemists, which, in turn, is more general than biochemists.Specific words help to make the writing clear, vivid, exact, colorful and attractive; they can make the readers see, hear or feel what the writer wants to describe; they can provide more details and information, the writing will be effective and impressive. More examples:A good man----kind, honest, generous, warm-hearted, brave, selfless, etc.Good food----delicious, tasty, nourishing, wholesome, fresh, rich, etc.House----mansion, villa, cottage, cabin, hut, shed(棚屋，小屋)，etc.Laugh----smile, grin, giggle, chuckle(嗤的一声笑，低声笑)，etc.2.3 Rules to choose words in writing an essay (or a formal writing)⑪Sentences tend to be longer and more complex. E.g. see text book P30⑫Limit your use of subjective pronouns, often using ―it‖ or passive voice. E.g. see P31⑬A void using informal or colloquial words. E.g. take in—deceive; go back—return; a lot—several/many/much/a large amount/number of; let—allow/permit; fellow—person; kind of—somewhat; like—as if/appear.⑭A void using general words, using more specific words. E.g. good, bad great, interesting, very, really, too, etc, are general. (informal) Mary is an interesting person.----Mary is humorous and intelligent.(formal)⑮A void contractions(缩写)and abbreviations(缩略词): don’t—do not; we’ll—we will; can’t—can not; TV—television；i.e.—that is; ad—advertisement.⑯Do not start a sentence with a coordinating conjunctions, but a subordinating conjunction can serve the purpose.E.g. He is usually easy-going. But—however before his first cup of tea, he is a bear.2.4 Figures of speech1. Simile: a comparison between two distinctly different things and the compassion is indicated by the word ―as‖ or ―like‖.E.g. My love is lie a red rose.The old man’s hair is as white as snow.2. Metaphor: also a comparison of similarities between two different things, but the comparison is implied, not expressed by ―as‖ or ―like‖.E.g. My love is a red rose. He is the soul of the team.The life of poor people was carved so sharply in his heart that he could never forget it.3.Personification: to treat a thing or an idea as if it were human or had human qualities.E.g. this time fate was smiling to him. Dust came silently.4. Metonymy(借喻): using the name of one thing to refer to another thing which is closely related.E.g. When the war was over, he laid down the sword and took up the pen.His purse would not allow him to buy that car.5.Irony(反语): the use of words which are clearly opposite to what is meant, to achieve a special effect.E.g. Y ou come so early, I have waited for more than an hour!6. Overstatement and understatement(含蓄表达、保守说法、低调)：to exaggerate and play down respectivelyE.g. She is dying to know what job has been given her.It took a few dollars to build this indoor swimming pool.7. Alliteration(头韵): the appearance of the same initial sound in two or more words.E.g. He is as proud as a peacock.We are fighting for our health and home.2.5 Homework1.In each sentence, choose the more precise of the two in italics;2.Identify the sentences as formal, less formal and informal; the figure of speech used in each of the following sentences.4. Preview Chapter Three.课程教案Part Three Sentences3.1Error-free sentences1.subject-verb agreementRule: the subject and verb of each clause must agree in number. If you have a singular subject, you need a singular verb; if you have plural subject, you need a plural verb.E.g. The family are watching TV together.An average family today is a great deal smaller than it used to be.Either you nor I am responsible for the mistake.There is a sofa and two chairs in the room.One-third of the people/water were over 50/was polluted.2.Word orderRule: the subject precedes the verb which is followed by other elements, such as object, complements, and adverbials: basic pattern of an English sentence: subject+verb+objectE.g. I like reading novels.When two or more than two complements or adverbials, the following guidance should be followed:⑪ Two when-adverbials—P60 1⑫ Two time-adverbials of different types –P60 2⑬ Place-adverbials of several types—P60 3⑭A process-adverbial, a time-adverbial and a place-adverbial used together—P60 43.Shift in tenseRule: the tense of your verb tells when events are taking place—whether in the past, the present or future. When staring writing an essay, establish a ―base tense‖, and shift away form it only of good reasons.E.g. Exercises see P 654. Shift in personRule: establish a steady, reliable point of view and keep the point of view consistent in all the sentences, which can make the writing clear and help the readers know whom you are talking to.E.g. See P66 example⑪ First person singular⑫ First person plural⑬ Second person singular or plural⑭ Third person singular and pluralExercise: Write a paragraph to describe precisely how the following things are done.①How to make jiao-zi.②How o bowwow a book form the library.5. Balance and parallelismRule: using the same pattern of words to show that two or more ideas have the same level of importance. This can happen at the word, phrase or clause level, adding power to your writing.E.g. Two examples see P683.2 T ypes of sentences (or variety in sentences)1. According to their use, sentences are declarative, interrogative, imperative and exclamatory.E.g. Making sentences by the students2. According to their structure, sentences are simple, compound, complex and compound-complex.⑴S imple sentence: containing only one subject part(主语部分) and one predicate part.E.g. See P 83⑵Compound sentence: being made up of two or more simple sentences. These simple sentences are related in meaning, and are usually linked by one of the connectives (for, and, but, or, so, nor, and yet) or by a semicolon (;).E.g. Examples see P 84⑶complex sentences: definition see P84E.g. Examples see P84⑷compound- complex(并列复杂句): being made up of two or more simple sentences and one or more subordinate clauses.E.g. Examples: see P843. According to their length, sentences are short sentences and long sentences⑴short sentence: with fewer than 15 words;⑵long sentence: with longer than 20 words.Rule: short sentences are powerful, working well at the beginning of a paragraph to get attention or at the end to summarize; long sentences are used in the body of a paragraph to express detailed information or complex ideas. Remember too many are bad for your writing, no matter short or long sentences.E.g. See example on P109⑶Ways to expand simple sentences①Tightening: cutting extra words, not contributing to your message.E.g. See P111②coordination: combining two or more independent main clauses into a compound sentence by using the connectives BOYFANS(but, or, yet , for ,and, nor ,so)E.g. See P113③subordination: combining two or more independent main clauses into a complex sentence or a compound-complex sentence by using the connectives BE WISE AT W AR(because, even though, when/where/why/who, if, since, even if; although, though, while, as, whereas)E.g. Tom was absent half of the classes last semester. His mother was seriously ill. He passed the final examination with high scores.4. From the rhetorical point of view, sentences are loose sentences（松散句）, periodic sentences(重尾句/调尾句) and balanced sentences.⑴Loose sentences: sentences that have the main point at the beginning are called as loose sentences, and the elements following the main point/clause are closers(can be words, phrases or clauses). This kind of sentences is clear and easy.E.g.Y ou will do better in the exam if you work hard nest term.I have to go to the library to read a new magazine today.⑵Periodic sentences: having the main point at the end of the sentences, and the elements before the main point/clause are openers(can be words, phrases or clauses).E.g. If you go to visit your grandma, do not forget to bring her this basket of apples.Following his advice, I passed the test.More examples see P141⑬Balanced sentences: in balanced sentences, words, phrases or clauses balance each other because of their likeness in structure, meaning or length. This kind of sentences emphasizes the correspondences or contrasts between the elements.E.g. See P 142Notes:1. Choose the content and examples with √ to teach in class;2. Choose some of the exercises to finish as there are many of them in books.课程教案Part Four Paragraphs4.1Effective paragraph1.UnityIf all the sentences in the paragraph lead to one central theme, the paragraph is unified. Thecentral theme is usually summarized in what is called the topic sentence.2.CoherenceThe sentences in a paragraph should be arranged in a clear, logical order, and the transitions should be smooth and natural, so readers can easily follow the writer’s thought and understand what he is talking about.3. TransitionsProper transitions can make the paragraph smooth and clear. (give students extra handouts) e.g. (three topic sentences to illustrate the above three points, ask students to write a paragraph based on one of them and choose one paragraph of students to explain in class)1. Once people were very afraid of ghosts.2. It is generally believed that being honest is not only beneficial to ourselves but also to others and the whole society.3. The students’ use of computers has grown rapidly in recent years.4.2 Ways of developing paragraphs4.2.1 Planning a paragraph1. Think of the topic or main idea or theme: a topic sentence is a sentence that indicates in a general way that idea the paragraph is going to deal with.（《写作教程》P136）;2. Express it in a complete sentence (topic sentences);3. Think of the details or examples or facts that may be used to support or explain the main idea;4. Arrange them in logical orderE.g. example see <英语写作教程>P158 √4.2.2 Development by exampleSome topics need to be supported by examples which can make our writing clear and persuasive. Examples can be a fact, a historical example, a statistic, an event, or a behavior. It may come from our general knowledge, from reading or from person experience.Transitions: such as, take…for example, a leading example is, more transitions see handout.E.g. example see P 160 √Exercise: theme/central idea1. this term several useful and interesting courses have been offered.2. a classmate who is hard working3. TV has negative effects on children4.2.3 Development by comparison and contrastComparison and contrast are formal ways to organize our thoughts. Comparison explains seminaries and contrast explains differences, both of which can help us evaluate subjects to understand their advantages and disadvantages, or strengths and weaknesses.There two basic types of organizing a comparison and contrast paragragh: the point-by point method and the block method. 解释见P165及P166 表格Transitions: likewise, in opposition to, differ from, more see handoutsE.g. example see P166 high school life and college lifeExercise:1. I prefer South Korean love stories on TV to the Chinese ones (or vice versa)2. Riding a bicycle is preferable to driving a car.3. Raising plants involves nearly as much care and knowledge as raising children.4.2.4 Development by cause-and-effectCause-and-effect paragraphs investigate why things are as they are, or why things happened, or the effects of an event or a situation. Generally, in a paragraph, it is better to deal with either causes or effects. Rather, it is a problem of the focus of your paragraph(虽然cause和effect同时出现，但必须有所侧重, 如earthquake 侧重描述后果,而环境污染侧重原因披露). Transitions:seeing that, thanks to, for that reason, more see handoutsE.g. see two examples on P167-168Exercise:1. the improvement of transportation in…2. college students doing part-time jobs3. The rate of teenage nearsightness is much higher in china than inmost other countries.4.2.5 Development by classificationA classification paragraph explains a subject by dividing into separated types or groups, i.e. categories. Y ou may break down your topic into different categories, but you should identify the basis for the classification, that is, to remember to group items into categories according to some consistent principle.Transitions: divide into, primary, secondary, more see handout.E.g. see example on P 164Exercise:1.the movies you have seen2.your clothes3.High school teachers tend to sort their students in to the following categories: pleasant highachievers, unpleasant high achievers, the average, pleasant underachievers, and unpleasant underachievers.4.3Homework1.In the following paragraphs, identify the topic sentence, emit the irrelevant sentences andpoint the transitions. (handbook P113)2. Write different types paragraphs on the basis of the materials provided in class.课程教案Chapter Five Passage writing----CET 4 5.1出题方式1. 提纲式文字命题2. 提纲式图表命题3. 情景式命题5.2高分作文1. 主题突出，内容切题、统一、充实2.表达清楚，文字连贯3. 句式多变，逻辑严密4.语言规范、准确，格式、标点规范5.字数130-1506.检查拼写、语法是否正确，句子是否完整5.3 写作类型一. 现象解释型：要求考生从试题的提示性文字或图表入手，描述其所反映出的现象，对该现象进行解释说明，分析其原因并加以评论。

第二章措辞Ⅰ. 词的类型据语体风格，常用的词（规范英语词汇）可分为三类：正式的、一般的、非正式的。

1. 正式词汇（又称作学术性的词、文雅的词或“大”词）（1）适用文体正式文体，如学术性或理论性著作、政治和法律文件，以及正式的演讲或报告。

（2）特点多有三个以上的音节，多数源于希腊或拉丁文。

下面这段文章中包含一些体现正式文体的词汇：There is nothing new in the recognition, within a given language, of a distinction between common usage and uses of the language for more restricted purposes and often enough, perhaps characteristically, more elevated purposes. The monolithic nature of English is not questioned when literary essayists like Emerson contrast poetry and common speech. The latter is recognized in America to be the proper subject for the investigation of linguists who, however, now show some incipient inclination to investigate poetry, too, and other noncasual utterances in a given language.—C. F. Voegelin 正式的或学术性的词汇有：recognition, characteristically, elevated, monolithic,investigation, incipient, inclination, noncasual, utterances等。

第六章摘要和读书报告I. 摘要1. 定义摘要是指摘录一篇文章的要点而独立出来的短文。

摘要需简明扼要，用词精确，忠实于原文意思。

2. 用途（1）写摘要有利于提高读书效率和加强理解能力。

（2）写摘要有助于提高写作能力，能训练学生言简意赅、条理清晰地表达所摘原文的中心意思的能力，训练学生思维的逻辑性。

（3）写摘要不仅对工作有益，而且也是必备的本领。

3. 写作程序（1）阅读a. 仔细阅读，抓住文章大意b. 拟定题目，概括中心思想c. 勤做笔记，分清要点主次（2）写作a. 定出字数，长度不要超出原文的三分之一。

b. 用自己的语言，不要简单堆砌或重新编排原文词语。

c. 按照原文的顺序写，不要随便打乱原文内容的顺序。

d. 内容要完整，表达要清晰，不要有重大的遗漏。

e. 学会删除细节；削减范文；简化描述；避免重复；缩长为短；以泛代实；以简代繁；以“间接”代“直接”。

（3）修改a. 对照原文，检查是否遗漏重要内容。

b. 检查字数是否超出限制。

c. 检查标点、拼写、语法和习语是否准确、简单明了。

（4）小说摘要小说或剧本的摘要就是故事梗概，其长度可能只为原文的百分之一，甚至千分之一，且通常使用现在时态。

II. 读书报告1. 作用写读书报告能够帮助提高阅读理解能力以及分析和欣赏作品的能力，同时也是一项很好的写作练习。

2. 主要部分（1）作者生平和时代简介（2）故事梗概（3）评论要结合作者所处的时代特点来写他的生平以及促使作者创作本作品的事件、与作品内容有关的历史及社会背景。

3. 撰写读书报告（1）故事梗概应内容完整，条理清晰，浅显易懂，客观忠实。

（2）评论是读书报告的核心部分，是对作品的评论与评价，应放在读书报告的第三部分。

在这一部分，可以提出对作品内容、作品风格、作者的表现手法等的个人看法，评论优缺点，讨论其对现在及将来的影响等。

（3）小说或剧本的故事梗概通常使用一般现在时；非小说类作品的梗概需使用原著的时态。

英语作文指导pptEnglish Writing Guide。

When it comes to writing in English, it's important to keep in mind that a conversational tone is often preferred. This means using language that is natural and easy to understand, rather than overly formal or academic.One way to achieve this is by using contractions, such as "don't" instead of "do not" and "can't" instead of "cannot". This can help to make your writing sound morelike spoken English.Another important aspect of English writing is to vary your sentence structure. Instead of always starting with the subject, try mixing it up by starting with a prepositional phrase or an adverb. This can help to keep your writing interesting and engaging for the reader.Additionally, it's important to use a range ofvocabulary in your writing. Instead of using the same words over and over again, try to find synonyms or alternative phrases to express the same idea. This can help to keep your writing fresh and avoid repetition.Finally, it's important to proofread your writing carefully before submitting it. Look out for common mistakes such as spelling and grammar errors, and make sure that your writing flows well and makes sense. This can help to ensure that your writing is clear and effective.In conclusion, writing in English can be a challenging task, but by keeping these tips in mind, you can improve your skills and create more engaging and effective writing.。