北京林业大学 研究生 学位考 农林英语 翻译答案

Strengthening Liberal Education,a National ImperativeIn the midst of a rapidly changing world, the question of how U.S. colleges and universities can best equip students to be responsive to change is essential.在迅速变化的世界中，美国高校如何使他们的学生做出最好的准备以适应这种变化，这一问题是至关重要的。

More than ever before, graduates from U. S. institutions of higher education need the critical-thinking skills and ethical commitment that are necessary for both economic development and world citizenship.与以往任何时候相比，从美国高等教育机构毕业的学生，更需要批判性思维技能和职业道德担当，这些是经济发展和作为世界公民所必需的。

In the view of the presidents and chancellors who comprise AASCU’s Forum on Liberal Education, the solution to this question for institutions of higher education can be found in the liberal arts, meaning, essentially, the arts and sciences, and, more explicitly, the habits of thinking and caring that the liberal arts teach.对于高等教育机构存在问题的解决方法，在组成美国州立大专院校协会关于通识教育论坛的校长们看来，可以在人文科学中找到。

2017年北京林业大学翻译硕士专业考研必读信息育明教育全面解析2014北京林业大学MTI专业课真题回忆版今年大纲有所变化，各个题型的分值也相应变化。

【211翻译硕士英语】1.选择题（30’）：难度适中，今年有很大一部分是词汇辨析题，形近词等，语法题不多，复习的时候可以借鉴其他学校的真题。

2.阅读理解（40’）其中两篇阅读理解是选择题，一篇内容是说宪法问题。

另一篇记不清了。

反正这两篇阅读不难。

.后两篇阅读理解题型是问答题，一篇内容介绍各个国家的教育模式，并相比较，记得有东南亚的国家。

这篇文章介绍了美国教育模式的变化：最初，不同于其他国家只重视学生的分数等，美国重视学生的创造力，但是，随着世界名校依据分数的排名来定位名校，美国的教育模式也有所转化。

一篇阅读有四五道问题，掌握了事件原因、影响、变化就可以了。

问题不难，但是每个小问题，我觉得都应该像写一篇小作文一样，回答要有次序，多用连接词。

例如，to begin with,firstly,secondly,what’s more.作文的加分点这里同样适用。

第二篇跟2010年专八的MINI-LECTURE Paralinguistic features of languages一部分的内容相似Now,let's come to the second category,physical paralinguistic features,which involves the body.In addition to convey meanings with tone of voice,we can also express our intentions through the ways in which we use our bodies. You may ask:what are the ways,then?Let me sight some brief examples.The expression on our face,the gestures we make and even proximity or way we sit,are some of the ways we send powerful messages.About how we feel,or what we mean.Let me explain some of these in more detail.First,facial expression.Facial expression is a powerful conveyer of meaning.We all know smiling is an almost universal signal of pleasure or welcome.But there are other facial expressions that may not be so common.For instance,raising eye-brows-suggest that you are surprised or interested in something.Other facial actions,such as biting your lip,which indicates that you are deep in thinking,or are uncertain about something;compressing the lips,which show that you are making decisions;and a visible clenching of the teeth,to show that you are angry,are all powerful conveyers of meaning,too.The second in this category is gesture.You see,we use gesture to indicate a wide range of meanings.Though I have to emphasize that the actual gestures we use may be specific to particular cultures.That is to say different cultures have their own favorite gestures in conveying meaning.Here,a few examples may show you how powerful gestures can be.In British English behavior,shrugging shoulders may indicate an attitude of‘I don't care',or‘I don't know'.Crossing your arms may indicate relaxation.But it can also powerfully show you are bored.Waving can mean welcome and farewell.Whilescratching your head may indicate that you are at a loss.In other cultures,placing your hand upon your heart is to indicate that you are telling the truth.Pointing your finger at your nose means it's a secret.That's why we say that gestures are culture bound.The third is proximity,posture and echoing.Proximity refers to the physical distance between speakers.This can indicate a number of things and can also be used to consciously send messages about intent.Closeness,for example,indicates intimacy or threat to many speakers.But distance may show formality,or lack of interest.Once again,I'd like to say,proximity is also both a matter of personal style,and is often culture bound.So, what may seem normal to a speaker from one culture may appear unnecessarily close or distant to a speaker from another.And standing close to someone may be quite appropriate in some situations such as an informal party,but completely out of place in other situations,such as a meeting with a superior.Next,posture.Posture means the way in which someone holds his or her body,especially the back,shoulders and head,when standing,walking or sitting.A few examples.Hunched shoulders and a hanging head give a powerful indication of whether the person is happy or not.A lowered head when speaking to a superior,with or without eye contact can convey the appropriate relationship in some cultures.On the other hand,direct level eye contact,changes the nature of interaction,and can been seen as either open or st,echoing.Now,what is echoing?Let me start with an example.Some of you may have noticed this phenomenon in your experience.When two people are keen to agree each other,they would likely, though unconsciously adopt the same posture,as if an imitation of each other.They sit or stand in the same manor. When used in this way,echoing appears to complement the verbal communication.Of course,when such imitation is carried out consciously,it often indicates that someone is marking at another speaker.3.作文（30’）自然资源、能源的使用问题类Some people think that we should think globally,act locally.“放眼全球，立足当地”的原则处理问题。

北京林业大学翻译硕士入学考试----笔试模拟（卷一）翻译基础姓名------ 准考证号------Ⅰ.Translate the following passage into ChinesePassage oneThe Dust Bowl, or the dirty thirties, was a period of severe dust storms causing major ecological and agricultural damage to American and Canadian prairie lands from 1930 to 1936 (in some areas until 1940), caused by severe drought coupled with decades of extensive farming without crop rotation or other techniques to prevent erosion.The Dust Bowl was a manmade disaster caused by deep plowing of the virgin top soil of the Great Plains, which killed the natural grasses. Such grasses normally kept the soil in place and moisture trapped, even during periods of drought and high winds. During the drought of the 1930s, with the grasses destroyed, the soil dried, turned to dust, and blew away eastwards and southwards in large dark clouds. At times the clouds blackened the sky, reaching all the way to East Coast cities such as New York and Washington, D.C. Much of the soil ended up deposited in the Atlantic Ocean. The Dust Bowl affected 100,000,000 acres (400,000 km²), centered on the panhandles of Texas, Oklahoma, New Mexico, Colorado, and Kansas.Passage twoThe world economy is at a critical juncture where a grand scheme in addition to a paradigm shift is required to propel the “leaderless” economy back to its steady growth path. This paper addresses infrastructural financing issue from the angle of structural transformation as a growth-lifting strategy for global recovery. We proposed a win-win global infrastructure initiative -- a Global Structural Transformation Fund (GSTF) -- that could a) increase aggregate demand so as to create space for structural reforms in crisis-hit advanced countries and b) support green growth through investments in bottleneck-releasing transformative infrastructure projects in both advanced and developing countries. The traditional Keynesian stimulus directs spending toward the domestic economy where the rate of return is low, while our proposal recommends a globally coordinated investment initiative directing global savings to where the developmental impact in terms of employment generation and rates of returns are higher. We propose to go beyond Keynesianism, go beyond infrastructure, and go beyond the Marshall plan.Ⅱ.Translate the following passages into English.Passage one中国已有5 000年的文明发展史，中国文化是世界最古老的文化之一，而且是世界上唯一的长期延续没有中断的文化。

北京林业大学研究生英语学位考听力参考资料Unit 1 HolidaysIntroduce one of your favorite holidays.Spring festival is my favorite holidays. I The festival is considered the most important one for Chinese people. It is on the first day of lunar year. It is also the day of reunion among family members. During these days, people would say "happy new year! or wish you make fortune! to each other. They would also visit their relatives and friends. Children would be given "red packets". Children would have more to eat and play than usual .Playing firecrackers is also a popular game for children.Unit 2 TravelIntroduce one of the tourist attractions in the world or China.The strange pines, absurd stones, sea of clouds and hot springs are the four wonders of Mt. Huangshan.Huangshan pines are seen in every corner of Mt. Huangshan. You will be amazed by their vitality and strength.Spectacular rocky peaks will inspire your imagination. Some look like human beings, animals or many other objects.The clouds are forever changing, from being like a mirror when all is calm to rolling waves when the wind is strong.To be able to refresh yourself in the hot springs on Mt. Huangshan must be one of the best ways of enjoyment and relaxation.Unit 3 EducationState your ideas on college education reforms in China.In China, college education has carried out reforms for several years. From the difficulty of graduates’ job hunting, we can see some problems on college education.First, it is good for college education paying more attention to students’ all-around development. But students always have an inaccurate recognition on it. They spend more time on campus activities and less time on specialty study. And their aim of study is just to get credits.Second, the exam in college especially the specialty exam is too easy compared to the need of application. If the colleges have strict standards for qualified graduates, maybe the students will study harder and master skills.Third, the college should provide as many practices as possible for students. The best way of study is to combine theory to practice. And it is the best method to examine the students’ level. Chinese education system has long been criticized of obliterating personality. The exam-oriented education ranked students more by their memory than creative minds. n being.Unit 4 TransportationTalk about the causes of Beijing’s traffic jams and some suggestions to solve the problem.1 With people's needs for transport facilities increasing substantially over the past few years,the road network in Beijing is far from rational. Population increasing2 In Beijing, most of the important political, commercial and cultural locations are concentrated in the area within the Fourth Ring Road and this is a root cause of today's heavy traffic load, according to Liu.3 private cars increasingSuggestions1.The commission is also working on plans to strengthen administration of both the transport industry and traffic order, 4 at the same time fostering a modern traffic consciousness among citizens.2 public transport using3 Construction of road infrastructure ,just like the overpass 4Unit 5 ComputersIs the booming of the Internet a blessing or a curse?On the positive side, the emergence of the Internet to make person-to-person communication more convenient in various forms.People could send E-mail,chat though instant messenger and logon the bbs to find the people they want to talk as well as to get useful information they need.Take ourselves for examples, if we are going to write thesis,we haveto search for lots of papers already been published.In this way it made our work easier.Another advantage is the online shops.Because there is no more rent, water and electricity fees topay,maybe the online shopping will be a bit cheaper.On the other side,we also have to admit that the network has brought us a number of negative factors. The Internet is inundated with ungraceful pictures and videos.At the sametime due to the well-developed search engines, it is easy to divulge private information.In China, "human meat search" is well-known for figuring out some bad guys have done bad things.Just because they have left few pieces information, a group of specilized people would find out their name, age, address or even their primary school report card.Online shopping also have disadvantages,for example, you can't try on the clothes or the shoes you want to buy,thereare online cheating and so much trouble in rejecting the goods.Unit 6 EnvironmentTalk about a major environmental problem in China.Nowadays the urgent environmental problem faced in China is connected with the water. Although from the whole nation China is rich in water resources, the average water consumption per person is only 1/4 compared with the world average level. According a recent survey,bothcities and villeges are suffered from water shortage, about 400 out of 660 cities lack water,with 136 having reported sever water shortage. The distribution of water resources is also not balancing, the south faces floods, while the north is drought.Not only lack in quantity, but also significant problem in the quality. Now the country is facing the fact that in partial improvement but overall still devastating. Water pollution could cause many other things,such as the sequencing environmental pollution, strained water resources and other public hazards.I remember in 2005,the leak of a chemical factory polluted the Songhuajiang.Not only affected the Chinese, but also neiboring Russian residents. The goverment paid a lot on this accident.Unit 7 SportsWhat has the Olympics 2008 brought to Beijing?In my own opinion,there are both positive and negtive influences to China.Because of the long history and bright culture,many foreigners are astonished by the 2008 Olympics opening ceremony.And there is no doubt that excellent jobs done by the numerous volunteers also win their deserved respects.Fortunately, I was a volunteer working at......Of course,the game brought many unfavorable memories.During the Olympics,there were many traffic restrictions and lots of the citizens had to change their schedual to go to work...The increasing numble of tourists also caused a heavy burden to the environment. Spent a lot of human and material resources,Inevitable wastage,Unit 8 Food and RestaurantsMake some comments on Chinese food and its culture.China is a country of great population,long history as well as vast territory.Due to the diversity of the climate,products and customs,there are widely different food styles and taste in local regions.There are four major dishes enjoy upper reputation.Color smelting taste is the features of Chinese food. Vivid kinds of restaurants judgement to a personUnit 9 Science and TechnologyDescribe one of your favorite scientific inventions widely used in life.NotebookUnit 10 JobsMake some comments on the difficulty of job hunting for college graduates.From the subjective aspects, there are two major facors resulting from the phenomenon.In myopinion,the key problem is that many graduates waste their time in colleges,and don't learn anything useful for their career.They lack ablities, so they can't find a job.I don't belive the student who done an excellent work both in study and social activities would acknowledge hard to find a occupation after graduate.I do not deny that the objective facts also exist.The high enrollment of college education cause the diploma less and less valuable.And also it is a pitty that the world economy is in the depreesion.Many cooperations reduce their bussiness which means not only they would downsizing there scale,but also recruit less employees。

北京地区研究生学位英语真题附标准试题及解析一、阅读理解阅读下列短文和问题，根据短文内容，从问题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选择最佳选项。

Passage 1Laptops are common possessions among college students. However, their usage in the classroom is not always effective. A growing number of studentsare typing their notes on laptops instead of writing them down. Researchers have found that taking notes on laptops in class leads to lower academic performance compared to writing notes on paper.A recent study conducted by a psychologist at Princeton University showed that students who type their notes do worse on tests regarding the information discussed in class as compared to students who handwrite their notes. This could be explained by the fact that typing notes encouragesstudents to focus on transcribing what they hear, rather than understanding the information and writing it down in their own words. On the other hand, students who take notes on paper have to process the information and summarize it in a way that allows them to take notes quickly and efficiently.Moreover, the use of laptops in class is inherently distracting. Students can easily get sidetracked by social media sites or unrelated browsing. This leads to a decrease in focus and attention in class, which in turn can affect their academicperformance.1. What is the main idea of this passage?A. Typing notes on laptops in class is more efficient than writing them by hand.B. Laptops are distracting in the classroom and can lead to lower academic performance.C. Princeton University conducted a recent study on the use of laptops in class.D. The use of laptops is becoming more and more common among collegestudents.答案：B2. Why do students who type their notes often perform worse on tests?A. They are too focused on transcribing what they hear.B. They are too distracted by unrelated browsing on the internet.C. They have trouble processing information quickly and efficiently.D. They are not able to write down information in their own words.答案：A3. What is the author's opinion on the use of laptops in the classroom?A. Laptops should be banned from classrooms.B. Students should be allowed to have laptops in the classroom, but with restrictions.C. Laptops are useful tools in the classroom, as long as they are used properly.D. The use of laptops in the classroomhas no effect on academic performance.答案：B二、翻译请将以下英文翻译成中文：1. The company's HR policies need to be updated to reflect changes in the industry.2. The recruitment process is time-consuming and requires a lot of resources.答案：1. 公司的人力资源政策需要更新以反映行业的变化。

北京林业大学翻译硕士（MTI）专业学位“英语笔译”专业招生入学考试大纲及参考书目北京林业大学翻译硕士(MTI)专业学位“英语笔译”专业的入学考试大纲是在2010年教育部专业学位命题指导意见的基础上根据本专业情况制订的，如果教育部在2011年有新的方案将随时另行通知。

一、考试目的本考试旨在全面考察考生的英汉双语综合能力及双语翻译能力，本校根据考生参加本考试的成绩和《政治理论》的成绩总分（满分共计500分），参考全国统一录取分数线来选择参加复试的考生。

二、考试的性质与范围本考试是英语笔译翻译硕士专业学位研究生的入学资格考试，除全国统考分值100分的第一单元《政治理论》之外，专业考试分为三门，分别是第二单元外国语考试《翻译硕士英语》，第三单元基础课考试《英语翻译基础》以及第四单元专业基础课考试《汉语写作与百科知识》。

《翻译硕士英语》重点考察考生的英语水平，总分100分。

《英语翻译基础》重点考察考生的英汉互译专业技能和潜质，总分150分。

《汉语写作和百科知识》重点考察考生的现代汉语写作水平和百科知识，总分150分。

三、考试基本要求1. 具有良好的英语基本功，掌握6,000个以上的英语积极词汇。

2. 具有较好的双语表达和转换能力及潜质。

3. 具备一定的中外文化以及政治、经济、法律等方面的背景知识。

对作为母语的现代汉语有较强的写作能力。

四、考试形式本考试采取客观试题与主观试题相结合，试题在各项试题中的分布见各门“考试内容一览表”。

五、考试内容和参考书目见后面分别表述。

参考书仅供考试复习时学习和参考。

六、样题参见《全日制翻译硕士专业学位(MTI)研究生入学考试指南》，外研社2009年11月出版七、复试笔试科目笔译：英汉互译，翻译基础知识参考书同《英语翻译基础》考试（翻译知识部分将以这两本书为主要范围）。

《翻译硕士英语》考试大纲一、考试目的《翻译硕士英语》作为英语笔译专业研究生入学考试的外国语考试，其目的是考察考生是否具备进行英语笔译学习所要求的英语水平。

Unit 11.Only twenty-seven new members had been enrolled since the Leeds Congress, and the totalmembership still stood at less than one hundred.2.You could go for advertising hype, the catchy floor displays or the flashy packaging.3.The desk was cluttered with files, but the chair behind it was vacant.4.Brunch is a meal typically eaten late in the morning as a combination of a late breakfast and5.The improvement of the highway will relieve pressure on the trains to some extent.6.John`s hands were quivering as he put down his papers and started his speech at the firsttime.7.His mood was an explosive mixture of maudlin self-pity and forced gaiety, the latterpredominating as he got drunk.8.Because of the economic slowdown, the government changed its policy to diminish revenueby limiting commerce.9.In women`s magazines and educational material the apple conjures good food and health.10.It is the opinion of a sentimental tourist that no price would be too great to pay, the novelistdeclared.Unit 21.in the first year of peace, Lebanon’s GDP soared(increase) by almost 40%.2.SAIC`s previous skirmishes (arguments) with investigators had attracted little attention.3.The boy grabbed (snatch) hold of my bag and disappeared quickly into the crowd.4.Although Chicago has fared (got on)better than some cities, unemployment remains aproblem.5.The dwarfs were devastated (decide), because they could not figure out how to save SnowWhite this time.6.His distrust of the power of critics made him ready to gibe (laugh) at David Sylvester.7.Children are most vulnerable (unprotected) to abuse within their own home.8.Short of (other than) the president himself, probably no one could have put the Americancase more persuasively.Unit 31.He mopped up (finished) the rest of his business and went on a vacation.2.This issue seems set(likely) to cause serious embarrassment to the government.3.When she heard the news ,she dropped the bowl on the floor and it broke intofragments(pieces).4.By modifying(changing)slightly the construction of the simple A.C. generator describedabove,the machine will provide direct current rather than alternating current.5.When you move abroad you face a raft(number) of financial decisions, including which typeof bank account to open.6.He managed to receive, through the medium of correspondence magazines, theequivalent(counterpart) of college education.7.He is not an expert in these matters;it is not safe to go by(judge by) what he says.8.The observed relative abundances of various radioactive elements may give us someclue(sign) as to the time of their origin.Unit 41.She tried everything in an attempt to evoke (arouse) sympathy and pity from her parents.2.The third quarter`s slender (meager) profit was still improvement on previous results.3.It was a tribute (praise) to her teaching methods that so many children passed the test.4.Our company has a commitment (permission) to equal pay and opportunities.5.Because they are so good, so smart, they stand out like beacons (elite) in a sea of mediocrity.6.The depression that started in mid-1929 was a catastrophe of unprecedented (unparalleled)dimensions for the United States.7.As the economy slows, the markets are likely to trim their estimates of sustainability(continuance) in the growth of both productivity and profits.8.Fields adjacent to (contiguous to)the nuclear facility were found to have high levels ofradioactivity.9.Her skin spoke of(indicated) warm summer days spent in the sun.10.The hope is that this area will develop into a vibrant (lively) commercial centre.Unit61.Advocates of organic foods frequently proclaim(announce) that such products are safer andmore nutritious than others.2.If I may venture(express) an opinion, I’d say the plan needs closer examination.3.These photographs capture(describe)the essence of working-class life at the turn of thecentury.4.These was a preponderance(dominance) of female teachers in the English department.5.Clarence had only few fuzzy(obscure) memories of his grandparents.6.What he has achieved is an extraordinary feat that would be impossible to duplicate(equal).7.He’s stopped taking drugs now, but he may revert(restore) to taking them again.8.As often as not(Quite often),people tend to scream under such circumstance.9.What is even more important is the fact that the astronauts’photographs haveuncovered(revealed) many things not evident at close range.10.The disposition(arrangement) of the troops on the battlefield is of paramount importance.Unit 71.she has been eliminated(got rid of) from the swimming race because she did not win any ofthe practice races.2.One of the major flaws in the existing system is that the prosecutor has immunity from lawsuits claiming malicious(spiteful) prosecution.3.They define(characterize)a good patient as one who accepts their statements and theiractions.4.Roberts’poor physical condition combined with nagging(troubling)injures prevented himfrom playing more than 51 games in the past four seasons.5.Constant correction by a teacher is often counterproductive(unfavorable),as the studentmay become afraid to speak at all.6.For centuries we woman have gloated over(felt maliciously satisfied with) the one negativeaspect of aging more evident in men than women: balding.7.In the conducive(favorable) atmosphere around the fort, General Bradley immediately foundout the plot.8.It’s a story of harmful dynamic(competing or conflicting system)between white prejudiceand black autonomy.9.Gandhi rejects outright(direct)claims made concerning the superior or inferior status ofreligions.10.My first boss was a really nasty(ugly)person, who seemed to enjoy making life difficult foreveryone.Unit 81.at the press conference, they were scrambling(struggling)to give the impression that thesituation.2.Written off again and again, he has proved phenomenal(extraordinary)in resilience andpolitical craftiness.3.This news has sent a wave of panic through the world which to seems way(far)out ofproportion.4.Downtown business owners say they want the city’s homeless shelter moved to a lessconspicuous(noticeable) location.5.Over the past year, Linux has made significant inroads(made advances)into embeddeddesigns requiring rich, high performance networking.6.The important thing is to harness(control) growth to self-knowledge, a ready acceptance ofchange, swift-moving business practice and sound judgment.7.We are the ones willing and able to run an obstacle course filled with hurdles(barriers) thatwe must complete before anyone else.8.I haven’t been able to orient(adjust) my ideas to the new conditions since I worked abroadthree months.9.The company office was inundated(flooded) with telegrams of congratulations on the tenthanniversary of its foundation.10.He had drawn a contradictory conclusion in his thesis because he pinned(placed) his faith onan absurdity.。

北京林业大学2005年硕士研究生入学考试翻译和写作参考答案I. 英译汉(50 分)美欧航空之战针对欧洲空客公司获得国家补贴，美国表示了强烈不满，贸易战的隆隆声接连数月不绝于耳。

十月六日（星期三），继欧盟与美国不成功的数次谈判之后，美国贸易代表罗伯特·佐立克向世贸组织提交了一份正式申诉，宣称欧盟累计给予空客公司数十亿美元的“不公正”补贴。

之后不到一小时，欧盟就宣布将提出反诉，言称空客的竞争对手波音公司同样获得了总计数额相当的不公正补贴。

去年，空客交付使用的飞机架数首次超过了波音，在民用喷气式飞机市场成了领头羊，此后波音公司始终如芒在背。

今年空客仍居领先地位，到九月底已交付224架，而波音只交付218架。

美国公司的申诉称，空客80%的股份掌控在欧洲航空航天集团（EADS）手中，20%的股份由英国航空航天电子系统公司（BAE）拥有，但仍从德、法、英、和西班牙政府获取软贷款。

其融资形式为可偿还贷款，称为启动性资助，供开发新型飞机之用。

其中大约37亿美元可使空客公司向市场投放其新型A380超大型喷气式客机，当该机型于2006年投入运营后，将使誉满全球的波音747黯然失色。

波音公司辩称，当今的空客是一家盈利的成功公司，不应再接受这样的资助。

早期的一场贸易口水战于1992年平息，达成了一项双边协议：对空客的启动资助不得超过其新机型开发成本的33%，而美国五角大楼和宇航局对波音的间接补助也限制在销售额的4%以内。

现在波音公司和美国政府想进一步达成新的协议，以禁止各种形式的国家补贴。

波音的首席执行官哈里·斯通塞弗长期以来一直想与空客一决高低。

他本已退休，但在公司因与五角大楼就防务合同不正当交易一事接连失去两位高层执行官后，于去年底被召回经营公司。

（事情是这样的：在一项制造空中加油机的巨额合同谈判过程中，美国空军官员将欧洲公司的私有数据传给了波音公司，该官员因此于上周被判九个月的监禁。

之后，欧航集团声称他们正在考虑采取法律行动。

（完整word版）Paraphrase（北京林业大学研究生英语学位考资料）Unit 1Text B Family-unfriendly Policies1.…, even after a significant reform of the welfare system, the singlewelfare mother has become the public symbol of much of what is wrong with America’s social service programs. (para. 8) Paraphrase:Though an important reform of the welfare system has been carried out, the policies of aiding the single mother is still a noticeable demonstration/a good example to show that the American social service programs have fundamental problems.Even after a major reform in welfare system, the single mother still enjoys too much benefits, which is always regarded as the main problem in America’s social service pro grams.2.Federal aid should give incentives for couples to form and sustainhealthy marriages, not encouragement for single parenthood and nonmarital birth.(para. 8)Paraphrase:The Federal government should encourage couples to marry and keep healthy marriage but discourage households with one parent and childbirth out of unmarried parents.3. Public policy should not contribute to an a la carte menu of sex, love, and childbearing. It should emphasize the benefits for all from the package deal of marriage. (para. 9)Paraphrase:The policy for the public should not promoteindividually/separately sex, love and childbearing, but should focus on the interests of the whole of marriage for all the people.Unit TwoText B Deep water Drilling.1.Deep waters that were once off limits to oil explores are suddenlyaccessible, partly because of advances in floating rigs.( para.19) Paraphrase:Oil explorers are now suddenly able to operate in deep waters where they couldn’t get to, in part because there have been developments in floating rigs.2.Everywhere, the quest is for speed and lightness. The last hurrahfor the old guard may be the 4.2 billion Hibernian oil projects on Canada’s Grand Banks.(para. 22)Paraphrase:Anywhere in deep water drilling field, high speed and light weight are pursued forever. The last acclamation for the completion of the old-typed fixed production platform may be the 4.2 billion Hibernian oil projects on Canada’s Grand Banks.3.Now, oil-rich countries that once spurned Western oil companiesas imperialists realize that they’re missing out on a good thing.(para.26)Paraphrase:Countries with abundant oil sources get to know now that they are losing the chance to make use of the investment of the western oil companies, which were once regarded as imperialists and rejected.4.Add all that up and you have the recipe for a possible explosion inoil production.(para. 27)Paraphrase:Taking all these factors of technology and foreign capital into consideration, you understand the causes that lead to a possible large and quick expansion of oil production/ why there is a sharp increase in oil prouction.Unit 3Text A1. A liver cell has a different job from a blood cell and proteins to match. (para 2)Paraphrase:A liver cell plays a different role compared with a blood cell and the proteins inside a liver cell are different from those inside a blood cell. 2. But as the plasma proteome project shows, there will be a pay-off even at the stage of cataloguing proteins. (para.8)Paraphrase:But as the plasma proteome project indicates, people will benefit even during the period of classifying proteins.3. And if the unexpected technological leaps made in fiercely competitive race for the human genome are anything to go by, theywill arrive faster than we might think. (para 8)Paraphrase:If we judge by the unexpected technological advances achieved in human genome which involves fierce competition, the achievements in the field of proteomics will be accomplished more quickly than we might think.Text B1. A controversial area of science that has hardly been out of the spotlight since the birth of its leading lady, Dolly, the sheep, is cloning. (para 1)Since the leading lady Dolly the sheep was born, cloning has long been/ seldom escaped from the focus of attention /has always received a lot of public attention as a much-debated area of science.2. Certainly it is the view of every serious scientist … on the grounds of safety alone. (Para. 3)Paraphrase:Every serious scientist surely thinks that it would be mad for anyone to clone a person today, only for the reason of health safety.3. This suggests that there is a great deal of plasticity in the growing embryo that still allows it to develop successfully even when a significant proportion of its genes are malfunctioning. (para 4) Paraphrase:It can be concluded from the cloning studies that the growing embryo can be greatly modified, which enables it to develop successfully even when the majority of genes are not functioning well.4. Personally I think it would be a very dangerous path to follow first of all, could we really be sure until it was too late that we were not creating people with a range of serious abnormalities? (para 5) Paraphrase:In my opinion, it would be very dangerous to clone a person because we could not be certain whether the people we were producing have any serious defects and diseases. It will be too late when we realize the dangers.5. It might be a very useful practical test of the importance of genes versus the environment, but would it be fair to subject a real human individual to such a test? (para 5)Paraphrase:It could probably be a very useful practical experiment in relation to the importance of interaction going on between genes and environment, but would it be fair to get a real human individual involved in such a dangerous test?6. Assessing how serious a possibility someone attempting to clone a baby is has not been helped by the various cranks and charlatans who have been making exaggerate claims in this respect. (para 6) Paraphrase:There are various weird people and fake experts who have been making unreal and impractical declaration that they would try to clone a baby. However, these could not help us to judge how possible the cloning baby is.7. An increasing problem is that pioneering research findings …. have no control over. (para. 8)Paraphrase:The scientists have used public money to do careful research work for years and yielded exploring/leading results, but now they may be wasted and abused by private interests the public can’t manage; this is a rising concern.Unit 4Text A1.In addition, the Freedom T ower will further its distinction as aworld-class model of energy efficiency and environmental sustainability. (Para. 1)Paraphrase:Moreover, the Freedom Tower will place greater emphasis on its features as a world -class example in making better use of energy and protecting environment for sustainability.2. This spectacular addition to our skyline will be a commanding architectural symbol while addressing the security concerns we face in today’s world.(para 4)Paraphrase:While solving the security problem in today’s world, the accession of the Freedom Tower to our skyline will be a dominating architectural symbol.3. Generous open spaces, filled with trees, water and places of respite that enliven the surrounding streets, connect the tower with theadjacent neighborhoods and allow views and access into the memorial. (para 6)Paraphrase:The wide green areas with trees, pools and resting places add liveliness to the nearby streets and link the Freedom Tower with the surroundings so that they enable people to see the scenery and enter the memorial.4. The redesigned Freedom T ower speaks to the government and private sector’s deep a nd abiding commitment to rebuild New York City to the highest architectural, environmental and safety standards.（para 7)Paraphrase:The new design of the Freedom Tower reflects the public and private’s strong and lasting pledge which aims to rebuild New York City on the basis of the highest standards of architecture, environment, and safety.5. Environmental quality will also extend to construction ofthe Freedom Tower, which will feature waste reduction through recycling of construction materials. (para. 11)Paraphrase:The environmental quality will also be involved in the construction of Freedom T ower focusing on decreasing waste through construction materials’ recycling.Text B1. After all, who wants to work or live in a grand, iconic structure that stands out in a crowd and thus makes an inviting target? (Para 1) Paraphrase:After all, no one wants to work or live in a huge and symbolic building which is so distinguished among all that it is likely to be attacked.2. A lot of great buildings get erected because somebody wants to make their mark on the skyline. (para 2)Paraphrase:Lots of grand buildings are constructed as the developers want to become well-known with those impressive symbols on the skyline.Unit 6Text A1. … making paper copies of any thing is a primitive use of machines and violates their very spirits. (para 1)Paraphrase:Using machines to make paper copies is backward and against the concept of the development of machines.Technologies have emerged one after another to help us do away with what Egyptians first made out of riverside reeds several millennia ago, including electronic date books, ever-shrinking laptops, and the never quite-ready e-book. (para 2)Paraphrase:Many new inventions, including e-calendars, smaller and smaller notebook computers and ever-changing e-books, are coming out successively to help us get rid of paper, which was invented in ancient Egypt and made of water plant leaf fiber.3. A primary pile of papers, adjacent to the open workspace at the center of the desk and probably next to the phone, contains what they call hot files, documents to be acted on immediately. (para 4) Paraphrase:An important pile of documents including those urgent “hot files” to be dealt with at once, is put next to the open workspace in the middle of the desk and possibly close to the phone.4. Cold files, the great preponderance of documents t hat don’t need immediate attention, fill file drawers farther away. (para 4) Paraphrase:As most “cold files” don’t have to be dealt with immediately, they are stuck in the drawers farther away.Text B1.Washington and Wall Street are bedeviled by a specter– the specter of dot-com start-ups and the rise of the nerd class. (Para 1) Paraphrase:The US government and financial world are haunted/troubled by a dreadful thing—the setting up of web firms and the increasing number of web fans.2.Surprisingly, the outcome of this conflict has a lot to say about whether we will still turn pages as we read. (Para 1) Paraphrase:It is surprising that the result of the battle between the paper culture and screen culture fully illustrates/reveals much whetherwe will still turnpages when we read.3.Screen culture is a world of constant flux, of endless sound bites, quick cuts and half-baked ideas. (para 4)Paraphrase:Screen culture is filled with continuous changes, never-stopping sound bites, rapid editions and deletions, and immature thoughts.4.Notions don’t stand alone but are massively interlinked to everything else; truth is not delivered by authors and authorities but is assembled by the audience. (para 4) Paraphrase:Ideas don’t exist separately but are closel y related with everything else; truth is not expressed by authors and authorities but is made up by the viewers and readers.Unit 7Text A1. This is a particularly unsettling line of inquiry for athletes or parents. (para 4)Paraphrase:The way of asking such a question especially causes athletes or parents to feel worried.2. The underlying theory is simple: All games involve achieving a goal despite the presence of an obstacle, but nowhere is it written that the obstacle has to be someone else. (para 6)Paraphrase:There is a fundamental theory beneath: The rule of all games is to reach a goal even though there is an obstacle, but it never says that this obstacle has to be somebody else.3. If a large number of people insist that we can’t do without win/lose activities, the first question to ask is whether they’ve ever tasted the alternative. (para 10)Paraphrase:If many people still hold the view that we cannot live without activities involving winning and losing, the first thing we should ask is if they have ever tried the other way.4. Studies have shown that feelings of self-worth become dependent on external sources of evaluation as a result of competition; yourvalue is defined by what you’ve done and who you’ve beaten. (para 11)Paraphrase:It is indicated from studies that the feelings of self-esteem gradually rely on assessments from the outside factors because of competition; p eople’s value is decided by the things they have done and the rivals they have defeated.Text B1.Furthermore, an element of score keeping is evident in the most innocent of children’s games. (para 3)Paraphrase:Moreover, a feature of winning / competing ahead of others is clear even in children’s most harmless games.2. This was a response to an attempt to recognize participation ahead of winning or losing at 4-H events, and was perceived by party leaders as promoting socialism. (para 4) Paraphrase:Joining in 4-H activities was a reaction to an attempt to realize/admit/accept that participation is more important than winning or losing, and was regarded by party leaders asimproving socialism.3. As soon as this is established, they can refine and specialize their skills. (para 5)Paraphrase:Once they find their proper / appropriate social position, the young people can improve and major in their skills.4. The bulk of this research points to the improved social conditions associated with cooperation as opposed to competition. (para 7) Paraphrase:The majority of this research suggests / indicates that cooperation rather than competition improves social conditions.5.The context of the competition seems to excuse or suspend normal expectations of civility. (para 12)Paraphrase:It seems the settings of competition make people tolerate bad/ugly behaviors and suppress/ignore politeness as ordinarily expected.Unit 8Text A1.Solar power, wind turbines and other sources of clean power---thepreserve of visionaries and enthusiasts little more than a decade ago---are now poised on the brink of the mainstream, helped in no small part by the environmental deficiencies of fossil fuels. (para 2)Paraphrase:Largely because fossil fuels do some damage to the environment, solar power, wind turbines and other sources of clean power are now quite ready to replace the major sources of power, which used to be the field for people with great visionsand enthusiasm to explore only about 10 years or so ago.2.Already a billion-pound business, projections indicate an annualgrowth rate for the next decade of 14 percent. (para 6) Paraphrase:Although the solar program is already worth billion pounds, it is still predicted that it will keep growing at a rate of 14% each year for the next 10 years.3.High hopes are pinned on the fuel cell, a technology forecast toreshape the world energy economy and odds-on to power transport systems of tomorrow by replacing petrol. (para 21) Paraphrase:Fuel cell is a technology predicted to transform the world energy economy and it is very likely to take the place of petrol to give power in the future transport systems; as a consequence, people put a lot of hopes on it.4.Again, its green credentials are indisputable: fuel cells releasenothing more damaging into the atmosphere than water vapor.(para 21)Paraphrase:It is definite to argue once more that, with certain green qualities, the fuel cell lets out into the atmosphere nothing damaging, only water vapor.Text B1.The solar panels provide an exciting demonstration for thecampus community of the power of cutting edgetechnology…(para 5)Paraphrase:Excitingly, the solar panels display in front of people on campus the power of a technology that is at the very frontier…2.As laboratories for learning and natural gathering centers for thecommunity, schools are an excellent venue to demonstrate the viability of solar technologies. (para 6)Paraphrase:Acting like the laboratories for learning and the common place for people in the same area to gather together naturally, schools are a perfect place to show the possibility we can have with solar technologies.3.Such solicitations are geared toward “raising visibility andacceptability of renewable energy and to help create a sustained demand for renewables.” (para 4)Paraphrase:The requests are adjusted to make renewable energies visible and accepted and create a continuous demand for them4.As the term “sustainability”gains currency, more and moreeducators are looking to provide hands-on learning opportunities for their students. (para 8)Paraphrase:As the word “sustainability”becomes more popular and accepted by more people, more and more educators are seeking to give their students available learning chances.。

2013年北京林业大学翻译硕士考研真题回忆版翻译硕士英语1. 词汇选择题（30’）比较难度适中，纯粹考察词汇的题不多，2题左右。

如果你是英语专业的，那么不成问题。

2. 阅读理解（40’）其中两篇阅读理解是选择题，一篇内容是说市场经济体制、计划经济体制、自由市场。

还是比较难看懂的。

另一篇说的是西班牙、英国对美国的殖民统治，这一篇稍好理解一下。

目测会挂在阅读上。

后两篇阅读理解题型是问答题，一篇内容是女性与男性在理工科方面的造诣。

说的是，虽然实验证明，女性与男性在智力方面并无差距，但社会的观点与女孩自身的兴趣造成了从事理工科领域研究的男性要比女性多得多；另一篇说的是中国的创新精神。

大致说了工业领域和教育领域的创新。

这两篇问答题的难度总体要低于前两篇考选择题的。

3. 作文（30’）人与自然关系类Some people think that human activities have had some bad effects on the environment, while others hold the point that human activities have made the world more suitable to live on, what’s your opinion?【211翻译硕士英语】1.词汇选择题（30’）：比较难度适中，纯粹考察词汇的题不多，2题左右。

如果你是英语专业的，那么不成问题。

2. 阅读理解（40’）其中两篇阅读理解是选择题，一篇内容是说市场经济体制、计划经济体制、自由市场。

还是比较难看懂的。

另一篇说的是西班牙、英国对美国的殖民统治，这一篇稍好理解一下。

目测会挂在阅读上..T^T.后两篇阅读理解题型是问答题，一篇内容是女性与男性在理工科方面的造诣。

说的是，虽然实验证明，女性与男性在智力方面并无差距，但社会的观点与女孩自身的兴趣造成了从事理工科领域研究的男性要比女性多得多；另一篇说的是中国的创新精神。

北京林业⼤学研究⽣学位考农林英语翻译答案Unit 1Urban forestry involves (refers to / is concerned with) forestry activities introducing forestry from wild lands (fields) and countryside (rural regions) to populous cities where economy, culture, industry and business (commerce) are concentrated. Most metropolitan cities are currently prosperous but noisy (clamorous) with deteriorating ecological environment. People living in such a crowded and narrow city space suffer from a worsening (declining) physical quality. To develop urban forestry can beautify environment, purify air, reduce noise and adjust local climate (microclimate), so that the living quality of urban people can be improved. Generally, urban forestry has provided a new approach to the urban environmental problems. Unit 2With the development of economy and progress of civilization in human society, there have been significant transformations in both people’s understanding about forests and social demands for forestry. As a result, more world attention has been widely paid to the function that forests play to maintain and improve ecological environment (the role that forests play in maintaining and improving ecological environment has drawn worldwide attention.). In 1992, UN Conference on Environment and Development bestowed priority on forestry (gave priority to forestry) and it became a political commitment (promise) of the highest rank. In addition, it was particularly emphasized in the meeting that nothing would be more important than forestry among the problems that the world summits dealt with. It is a distinct milestone in world civilization history to place forestry issues at such an unprecedentedly high position.Unit 3China is one of the countries boasting the richest biodiversity and also one of the earliest adopting the Convention on Biological Diversity. The Chinese Government has highly valued the work of biodiversity conservation by formulating and enforcing a series of related laws and regulations，so that a legal system on the conservation and biodiversity has fundamentally formed. In addition, it has established and consolidated the coordination mechanism on the implementation of the Convention on Biological Diversity as well as the scheme of Inter-ministerial Joint Meeting on biological species resources, laid down and issued the National Action Plan on the Conservation of Biodiversity of China and other related plans in this regard,based on which various relevant sectors have mapped out and executed their own action plans. Unit 5Agriculture still has /(shoulders / takes) the responsibility to feed the entire world in spite of / (despite) the serious (tough / big /severe ) challenge of climate change. Agriculture needs to produce more food, waste less, and make it easier for farmers to have their produce sent / (get their produce) to consumers. Besides, agriculture has to find ways/approaches/methods to reduce negative impacts resulted from environmental change—including lowering greenhouse gasemissions，planning/managing food security and rural development as a whole, etc. Only through the development of agricultural high technology can the above be realized/All these are only possible through the development of agricultural high technology.Unit 6Chinese agriculture has to choose the way of a low-carbon development which is characterized by being resources-saving, production-clean, environment-friendly and quality-efficiency-oriented. Therefore, in terms of technology, great efforts must be made to develop a series of key technologies and promote /spread their practical application, such as resources-saving technologies including energy-saving, soil-saving, water-saving, fertilizer-saving, insecticides-saving / pesticides-saving, seeds-saving, materials-saving and labor-saving technologies, and so on, technologies of reducing the use of agricultural chemicals and developing their substitutes, technologies of cultivating new plant species with high light absorption and carbon sequestration, technology of soil carbon sequestration, technologies of developing clean energies, technologies of developing clean environment-friendly production, technologies of poison-free disposal and reclamation of wastes, and so on.Unit 7The enactment of the City Planning Act in 1989 is a major milestone to re-establish and formalize (regularize) the urban planning system in China. But, there are still many deficiencies of the urban planning system in coping with the rapidly changing socio-economic environment. Some of these deficiencies can be traced back to the past planned economy era, and some are intrinsic problems of the City Planning Act. Attempts are being made (Experiments are taking place) in Chinese cities which aim to provide better guidance and supervision to urban planningand development control from a planned economy to a transitional one.Unit 8Currently, we could hardly live a single day without seeing a celebrity spokesperson promoting a product or a social campaign on TV, net or other media. This is an intensely popular trend that we cannot fail to notice. There is no doubt that the celebrity spokespeople could boost the sale of a product. A host of celebrity spokespersons, however, have emerged as the marketing tool of some companies, even companies producing and selling fake and inferior items. This kind of behavior has produced negative impacts on consumers and whole society, which should be severely criticized and penalized. Of course, as is known to all, everything has both bright and dark sides. Some sta rs’ endorsement of social activities and public campaigns raises public awareness, giving rise to changes in public behavior. In this case, they serve as positive role models of the general public. To name only one case: Pu CX, a household figure, acting as the celebrity spokesman of the China AIDS Foundation, contributes greatly to the cause of AIDS prevention and cure in China.Unit 9Famed for Oriental Venice, Suzhou tops all others cities in both the number and the artistry of gardens. Tracing back to the Spring and Autumn period, the earliest gardens in Suzhou belongs to the king of Wu. Recorded as the earliest private garden, Pijiang house dates from the 4th century Eastern Jin Dynasties. Following that, Suzhou's art of gardening has undergone a history of 1, 500 years. Originated from the desire to feel the charm of mountains, forest and springs without going out of the noisy surrounding of the town, Suzhou gardens are the harmonious combination of nature and constructions. During the prosperous Ming and Qing Dynasties, the number of gardens in the city increases a great deal, mounting to 200 odd. Dozens of them have survived to the present and are in a good state of preservation. Among them, the most famous ones are the Surging Waves Pavilion, the Lion Grove Garden, the Humble Administrator Garden and the Lingering Garden, representing the different styles of Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties respectively.Unit 10In the northern ocean there is a fish, called the kun, I do not know how many thousand li insize. This kun changes into a bird, called the peng. Its back is I do not know how many thousand li in breadth. When it is moved, it flies, its wings obscuring the sky like clouds.When on a voyage, this bird prepares to start for the Southern Ocean, the Celestial Lake. And in the Records of Marvels we read that when the peng flies southwards, the water is smitten for a space of three thousand li around, while the bird itself mounts upon a great wind to a height of ninety thousand li, for a flight of six months' duration.There mounting aloft, the bird saw the moving white mists of spring, the dust-clouds, and the living things blowing their breaths among them. It wondered whether the blue of the sky was its real color, or only the result of distance without end, and saw that the things on earth appeared the same to it.If there is not sufficient depth, water will not float large ships. Upset a cupful into a hole in the yard, and a mustard-seed will be your boat. Try to float the cup, and it will be grounded, due to the disproportion between water and vessel. So with air. If there is not sufficient a depth, it cannot support large wings. And for this bird, a depth of ninety thousand li is necessary to bear it up. Then, gliding upon the wind, with nothing save the clear sky above, and no obstacles in the way, it starts upon its journey to the south.。

【考研英语】2021年1月北京林业大学研究生招生考试英语练习题100道（附答案解析）第1题【单选题】I am sure that you are asking. "How does a rocket fly?"If you want to know, get a balloon and then blow it up until it is quite big. Do not tie up the neck of the balloon. Let go! The balloon will fly off through the air very quickly. The air inside the balloon tries to get out. It rushes out through neck of the ball and this pushes the balloon through the air. It does not need wings like an air plane.A rocket can fly to the moon because ______.A、it looks like a balloonB、it is much lighter than an airplaneC、it doesn't have wingsD、it works like an untied balloon【正确答案】D【答案解析】本段都在讲述气球的飞行原理，来解释火箭的工作原理，因此选D。

第2题【单选题】On October 19, 1911, Amundsen set out from his base in Bay of Whales,Antarctica, with four companions （同伴）, 52 dogs and four sleds. His success in reaching the South Pole was aided by careful planning. His use of sled dogs to carry supplies also helped. Amundsen and his men, along with 11 surviving dogs, made it back to the base on January 25, 1912, quicker than expected. The main idea of this paragraph is __________.A、Came up with the idea of reaching the South PoleB、An important race on Amundsen’s way to his polar career in the early stageC、Armed to the teeth, Amundsen finished his trip to the South PoleD、Amundsen got a great achievement in the field of polar expedition 100 years ago【正确答案】C【答案解析】答案选C。

北京林业大学2004年硕士研究生入学考试翻译和写作试题I. Translate the following passage into Chinese. (50 points)We think of retirement as something for those who, having put in years of service, yearn for a pasture with holes and flags in it. But after five or ten years near the beginning of things, when every challenge seemed terrifying and every situation filled with opportunity for advancement, I have felt one thing very strongly: Work is for the very young and the very old. Retirement should be reserved for those who can enjoy it—those old enough to have achieved some wisdom and perspective but young enough to feel the blood in their veins and possibly somebody else’s too.It’s a simple idea, easy to execute. After a minimum tenure of employment—say, ten to 12 years, the worker, in the full flush of adult vigor and capacity, would be required to take a retirement package that included a decent severance, a guaranteed stipend, and an adequate continuation of health insurance. After a time the lucky individual, having enjoyed years of carefree retirement activities, at the age of 58 or so, would be expected to return to the ranks of the employed and work until unable to do so any longer, at which point he or she would be expected to get lost.Think of the benefits to every generation! The young and zesty would have a host of jobs at their disposal and no pesky 40- and 50-year-olds blocking their way up the ladder. Those proud, mature folks in the high summer of their years would roam the planet doing as they wished. Perhaps the most blessed in this plan are those in their 50s, 60s, and 70s, who are now consigned to the rag bin of demography just when they want to work most. In my plan this group reenters the workforce with amazing energy, a lifetime of experience, and a full understanding of how boring life without work can be. What a boon to any office this industrious, sociable group would be, laboring harder and eating and drinking lighter than their younger counterparts, and willing to kiss the feet of any organization giving them something meaningful to do! Anyone who has spent an afternoon at a retirement village knows what I mean.II. Translate the following passage into English. (50 points)传统的书信方式从写信、写信封、贴邮票到寄出就像是一个酝酿过程，比发E－MAIL慢多了，但在这个缓慢的过程中能体会到很多细腻的感受，内心所有的情感都一点一滴地浸透在笔纸间，同时想象着对方收到信时的样子，由于这个过程漫长，伴随而来的心情，或愉快，或惆怅，也就随之延长了许多。

北林农林英语试题及答案一、听力理解（共20分）1. What is the man going to do this weekend?A. Go shoppingB. Go to the beachC. Go to the mountainsD. Go to the cinemaAnswer: B2. What does the woman mean?A. She doesn't like the book.B. She thinks the book is too difficult.C. She thinks the book is interesting.D. She thinks the book is too easy.Answer: C3. Where are the speakers?A. In a restaurantB. In a libraryC. In a classroomD. In a bookstoreAnswer: A4. What is the weather like today?A. SunnyB. RainyC. CloudyD. Windy5. What time does the train leave?A. At 6:00 amB. At 7:00 amC. At 8:00 amD. At 9:00 amAnswer: C二、阅读理解（共30分）Passage 1Farmers in North America have been using genetically modified (GM) crops for over a decade. These crops have been engineered to resist pests and diseases, which has led to a significant reduction in the use of pesticides. However, some people are concerned about the long-term effects of GM crops on human health and the environment.Questions:6. What is the main advantage of GM crops?A. They taste better than non-GM crops.B. They are more resistant to pests and diseases.C. They grow faster than non-GM crops.D. They require less water.Answer: B7. What is one concern about GM crops?A. They may affect human health.B. They are more expensive than non-GM crops.C. They may not be as nutritious as non-GM crops.D. They may not be as tasty as non-GM crops.Passage 2The use of renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind power, has been increasing worldwide. This is due to the growing awareness of the need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and combat climate change. Governments and businesses are investing in renewable energy technologies to meet these challenges.8. Why is the use of renewable energy sources increasing?A. To reduce the cost of energy production.B. To reduce greenhouse gas emissions.C. To increase the availability of energy resources.D. To improve the efficiency of energy use.Answer: B9. What is one way that governments and businesses are addressing this issue?A. By investing in renewable energy technologies.B. By increasing the use of fossil fuels.C. By reducing the use of energy in general.D. By promoting the use of nuclear power.Answer: A三、词汇与语法（共20分）10. The weather forecast says it will be ________ tomorrow.A. rainyB. rainC. rainedD. raining11. She has always been interested in ________.A. cookingB. cooksC. to cookD. cookAnswer: A12. The new law will come into ________ next month.A. effectB. affectC. efficientD. effortAnswer: A13. He is too young to ________ the responsibilities of the job.A. take onB. take offC. take outD. take overAnswer: A14. The company has ________ a new marketing strategy.A. launchedB. landedC. reachedD. crashedAnswer: A四、完形填空（共15分）15. The company is looking for someone with experience in ________.A. manageB. managingC. to manageD. managedAnswer: B16. The project was ________ on time and under budget.A. completedB. completesC. completingD. completionAnswer: A17. The new policy will have a significant ________ on the environment.A. effectB. affectC. efficientD. effortAnswer: A18. The team worked well together and ________ the project successfully.A. accomplishedB. accomplishedC. accomplishingD. to accomplishAnswer: A19. The company is committed to ________ the highest standards of quality.A. maintainB. maintainingC. maintainedD. maintainsAnswer: B五、写作（共15分）20. Write an essay on the topic "The Importance of Biodiversity". You should write at least 120 words. Use the following points as a guide:- Define biodiversity- Explain why biodiversity is important- Discuss the threats to biodiversity- S。

Unit 1Text B Family-unfriendly Policies1.…, even after a significant reform of the welfare system, the singlewelfare mother has become the public symbol of much of what is wrong with America’s social service programs. (para. 8) Paraphrase:Though an important reform of the welfare system has been carried out, the policies of aiding the single mother is still a noticeable demonstration/a good example to show that the American social service programs have fundamental problems.Even after a major reform in welfare system, the single mother still enjoys too much benefits, which is always regarded as the main problem in America’s social service programs.2.Federal aid should give incentives for couples to form and sustainhealthy marriages, not encouragement for single parenthood and nonmarital birth.(para. 8)Paraphrase:The Federal government should encourage couples to marry and keep healthy marriage but discourage households with one parent and childbirth out of unmarried parents.3. Public policy should not contribute to an a la carte menu of sex, love, and childbearing. It should emphasize the benefits for all from the package deal of marriage. (para. 9)Paraphrase:The policy for the public should not promote individually/separately sex, love and childbearing, but should focus on the interests of the whole of marriage for all the people.Unit TwoText B Deep water Drilling.1.Deep waters that were once off limits to oil explores are suddenlyaccessible, partly because of advances in floating rigs.( para. 19) Paraphrase:Oil explorers are now suddenly able to operate in deep waters where they couldn’t get to, in part because there have been developments in floating rigs.2.Everywhere, the quest is for speed and lightness. The last hurrahfor the old guard may be the 4.2 billion Hibernian oil projects on Canada’s Grand Banks.(para. 22)Paraphrase:Anywhere in deep water drilling field, high speed and light weight are pursued forever. The last acclamation for the completion of the old-typed fixed production platform may be the 4.2 billion Hibernian oil projects on Canada’s Grand Banks.3.Now, oil-rich countries that once spurned Western oil companiesas imperialists realize that they’re missing out on a good thing.(para.26)Paraphrase:Countries with abundant oil sources get to know now that they are losing the chance to make use of the investment of the western oil companies, which were once regarded as imperialists and rejected.4.Add all that up and you have the recipe for a possible explosion inoil production.(para. 27)Paraphrase:Taking all these factors of technology and foreign capital into consideration, you understand the causes that lead to a possible large and quick expansion of oil production/ why there is a sharp increase in oil prouction.Unit 3Text A1. A liver cell has a different job from a blood cell and proteins to match. (para 2)Paraphrase:A liver cell plays a different role compared with a blood cell and the proteins inside a liver cell are different from those inside a blood cell. 2. But as the plasma proteome project shows, there will be a pay-off even at the stage of cataloguing proteins. (para. 8)Paraphrase:But as the plasma proteome project indicates, people will benefit even during the period of classifying proteins.3. And if the unexpected technological leaps made in fiercely competitive race for the human genome are anything to go by, theywill arrive faster than we might think. (para 8)Paraphrase:If we judge by the unexpected technological advances achieved in human genome which involves fierce competition, the achievements in the field of proteomics will be accomplished more quickly than we might think.Text B1. A controversial area of science that has hardly been out of the spotlight since the birth of its leading lady, Dolly, the sheep, is cloning. (para 1)Since the leading lady Dolly the sheep was born, cloning has long been/ seldom escaped from the focus of attention /has always received a lot of public attention as a much-debated area of science.2. Certainly it is the view of every serious scientist … on the grounds of safety alone. (Para. 3)Paraphrase:Every serious scientist surely thinks that it would be mad for anyone to clone a person today, only for the reason of health safety.3. This suggests that there is a great deal of plasticity in the growing embryo that still allows it to develop successfully even when a significant proportion of its genes are malfunctioning. (para 4) Paraphrase:It can be concluded from the cloning studies that the growing embryo can be greatly modified, which enables it to develop successfully even when the majority of genes are not functioning well.4. Personally I think it would be a very dangerous path to follow first of all, could we really be sure until it was too late that we were not creating people with a range of serious abnormalities? (para 5) Paraphrase:In my opinion, it would be very dangerous to clone a person because we could not be certain whether the people we were producing have any serious defects and diseases. It will be too late when we realize the dangers.5. It might be a very useful practical test of the importance of genes versus the environment, but would it be fair to subject a real human individual to such a test? (para 5)Paraphrase:It could probably be a very useful practical experiment in relation to the importance of interaction going on between genes and environment, but would it be fair to get a real human individual involved in such a dangerous test?6. Assessing how serious a possibility someone attempting to clone a baby is has not been helped by the various cranks and charlatans who have been making exaggerate claims in this respect. (para 6) Paraphrase:There are various weird people and fake experts who have been making unreal and impractical declaration that they would try to clone a baby. However, these could not help us to judge how possible the cloning baby is.7. An increasing problem is that pioneering research findings …. have no control over. (para. 8)Paraphrase:The scientists have used public money to do careful research work for years and yielded exploring/leading results, but now they may be wasted and abused by private interests the public can’t manage; this is a rising concern.Unit 4Text A1.In addition, the Freedom Tower will further its distinction as aworld-class model of energy efficiency and environmental sustainability. (Para. 1)Paraphrase:Moreover, the Freedom Tower will place greater emphasis on its features as a world -class example in making better use of energy and protecting environment for sustainability.2. This spectacular addition to our skyline will be a commanding architectural symbol while addressing the security concerns we face in today’s world.(para 4)Paraphrase:While solving the security problem in today’s world, the accession of the Freedom Tower to our skyline will be a dominating architectural symbol.3. Generous open spaces, filled with trees, water and places of respite that enliven the surrounding streets, connect the tower with theadjacent neighborhoods and allow views and access into the memorial. (para 6)Paraphrase:The wide green areas with trees, pools and resting places add liveliness to the nearby streets and link the Freedom Tower with the surroundings so that they enable people to see the scenery and enter the memorial.4. The redesigned Freedom Tower speaks to the government and private sector’s deep and abiding commitment to rebuild New York City to the highest architectural, environmental and safety standards.（para 7)Paraphrase:The new design of the Freedom Tower reflects the public and private’s strong and lasting pledge which aims to rebuild New York City on the basis of the highest standards of architecture, environment, and safety.5. Environmental quality will also extend to construction of the Freedom Tower, which will feature waste reduction through recycling of construction materials. (para. 11)Paraphrase:The environmental quality will also be involved in the construction of Freedom Tower focusing on decreasing waste through construction materials’ recycling.Text B1. After all, who wants to work or live in a grand, iconic structure that stands out in a crowd and thus makes an inviting target? (Para 1) Paraphrase:After all, no one wants to work or live in a huge and symbolic building which is so distinguished among all that it is likely to be attacked.2. A lot of great buildings get erected because somebody wants to make their mark on the skyline. (para 2)Paraphrase:Lots of grand buildings are constructed as the developers want to become well-known with those impressive symbols on the skyline.Unit 6Text A1. … making paper copies of anything is a primitive use of machines and violates their very spirits. (para 1)Paraphrase:Using machines to make paper copies is backward and against the concept of the development of machines.Technologies have emerged one after another to help us do away with what Egyptians first made out of riverside reeds several millennia ago, including electronic date books, ever-shrinking laptops, and the never quite-ready e-book. (para 2)Paraphrase:Many new inventions, including e-calendars, smaller and smaller notebook computers and ever-changing e-books, are coming out successively to help us get rid of paper, which was invented in ancient Egypt and made of water plant leaf fiber.3. A primary pile of papers, adjacent to the open workspace at the center of the desk and probably next to the phone, contains what they call hot files, documents to be acted on immediately. (para 4) Paraphrase:An important pile of documents including those urgent “hot files” to be dealt with at once, is put next to the open workspace in the middle of the desk and possibly close to the phone.4. Cold files, the great preponderance of documents t hat don’t need immediate attention, fill file drawers farther away. (para 4) Paraphrase:As most “cold files” don’t have to be dealt with immediately, they are stuck in the drawers farther away.Text B1.Washington and Wall Street are bedeviled by a specter– the specter of dot-com start-ups and the rise of the nerd class. (Para 1) Paraphrase:The US government and financial world are haunted/troubled by a dreadful thing—the setting up of web firms and the increasing number of web fans.2.Surprisingly, the outcome of this conflict has a lot to say about whether we will still turn pages as we read. (Para 1)Paraphrase:It is surprising that the result of the battle between the paper culture and screen culture fully illustrates/reveals much whether we will still turnpages when we read.3.Screen culture is a world of constant flux, of endless sound bites, quick cuts and half-baked ideas. (para 4)Paraphrase:Screen culture is filled with continuous changes, never-stopping sound bites, rapid editions and deletions, and immature thoughts.4.Notions don’t stand alone but are massively interlinked to everything else; truth is not delivered by authors and authorities but is assembled by the audience. (para 4)Paraphrase:Ideas don’t exist separately but are closel y related with everything else; truth is not expressed by authors and authorities but is made up by the viewers and readers.Unit 7Text A1. This is a particularly unsettling line of inquiry for athletes or parents. (para 4)Paraphrase:The way of asking such a question especially causes athletes or parents to feel worried.2. The underlying theory is simple: All games involve achieving a goal despite the presence of an obstacle, but nowhere is it written that the obstacle has to be someone else. (para 6)Paraphrase:There is a fundamental theory beneath: The rule of all games is to reach a goal even though there is an obstacle, but it never says that this obstacle has to be somebody else.3. If a large number of people insist that we can’t do without win/lose activities, the first question to ask is whether they’ve ever tasted the alternative. (para 10)Paraphrase:If many people still hold the view that we cannot live without activities involving winning and losing, the first thing we should ask is if they have ever tried the other way.4. Studies have shown that feelings of self-worth become dependent on external sources of evaluation as a result of competition; yourvalue is defined by what you’ve done and who you’ve beaten. (para 11)Paraphrase:It is indicated from studies that the feelings of self-esteem gradually rely on assessments from the outside factors because of competition; people’s value is decided by the things they have done and the rivals they have defeated.Text B1.Furthermore, an element of score keeping is evident in the most innocent of children’s games. (para 3)Paraphrase:Moreover, a feature of winning / competing ahead of others is clear even in children’s most harmless games.2. This was a response to an attempt to recognize participation ahead of winning or losing at 4-H events, and was perceived by party leaders as promoting socialism. (para 4)Paraphrase:Joining in 4-H activities was a reaction to an attempt to realize/admit/accept that participation is more important than winning or losing, and was regarded by party leaders as improving socialism.3. As soon as this is established, they can refine and specialize their skills. (para 5)Paraphrase:Once they find their proper / appropriate social position, the young people can improve and major in their skills.4. The bulk of this research points to the improved social conditions associated with cooperation as opposed to competition. (para 7) Paraphrase:The majority of this research suggests / indicates that cooperation rather than competition improves social conditions.5.The context of the competition seems to excuse or suspend normal expectations of civility. (para 12)Paraphrase:It seems the settings of competition make people tolerate bad/ugly behaviors and suppress/ignore politeness as ordinarily expected.Unit 8Text A1.Solar power, wind turbines and other sources of clean power---thepreserve of visionaries and enthusiasts little more than a decade ago---are now poised on the brink of the mainstream, helped in no small part by the environmental deficiencies of fossil fuels. (para 2)Paraphrase:Largely because fossil fuels do some damage to the environment, solar power, wind turbines and other sources of clean power are now quite ready to replace the major sources of power, which used to be the field for people with great visions and enthusiasm to explore only about 10 years or so ago.2.Already a billion-pound business, projections indicate an annualgrowth rate for the next decade of 14 percent. (para 6) Paraphrase:Although the solar program is already worth billion pounds, it is still predicted that it will keep growing at a rate of 14% each year for the next 10 years.3.High hopes are pinned on the fuel cell, a technology forecast toreshape the world energy economy and odds-on to power transport systems of tomorrow by replacing petrol. (para 21) Paraphrase:Fuel cell is a technology predicted to transform the world energy economy and it is very likely to take the place of petrol to give power in the future transport systems; as a consequence, people put a lot of hopes on it.4.Again, its green credentials are indisputable: fuel cells releasenothing more damaging into the atmosphere than water vapor.(para 21)Paraphrase:It is definite to argue once more that, with certain green qualities, the fuel cell lets out into the atmosphere nothing damaging, only water vapor.Text B1.The solar panels provide an exciting demonstration for thecampus community of the power of cutting edgetechnology…(para 5)Paraphrase:Excitingly, the solar panels display in front of people on campus the power of a technology that is at the very frontier…2.As laboratories for learning and natural gathering centers for thecommunity, schools are an excellent venue to demonstrate the viability of solar technologies. (para 6)Paraphrase:Acting like the laboratories for learning and the common place for people in the same area to gather together naturally, schools are a perfect place to show the possibility we can have with solar technologies.3.Such solicitations are geared toward “raising visibility andacceptability of renewable energy and to help create a sustained demand for renewables.” (para 4)Paraphrase:The requests are adjusted to make renewable energies visible and accepted and create a continuous demand for them4.As the term “sustainability”gains currency, more and moreeducators are looking to provide hands-on learning opportunities for their students. (para 8)Paraphrase:As the word “sustainability”becomes more popular and accepted by more people, more and more educators are seeking to give their students available learning chances.。