10．南京大学语言学考研真题及参考答案（2006～2009）南京大学2009年语言学考研真题考试科目：英语语言文学Ⅰ. Write the International Phonetic Alphabet for the following words. (12/150)(1) attentive (2) deference (3) hypothesis (4) pathetic(5) catastrophe (6) ascent (7) subtlety (8) caveat(9) frugal (10) influenza (11) languid (12) vehement【答案】(1) attentive[] (2) deference[](3) hypothesis[](4) pathetic: [] (5) catastrophe: [](6) ascent: [](7) subtlety: [] (8) caveat: [](9) frugal: [](10) influenza: [] (11) languid: [](12) vehement: []Ⅱ. The following sentence is taken from Barack Obama’s Victory Speech. The underlined words are stressed by Obama. State the general rules of sentence stress and discuss whether the underlined words conform to these rules (e.g.,which ones are generally stressed; which ones are normally not stressed but get stressed here; and which ones that are normally stressed but are not stressed here). (15/150)If there is anyone out there who still doubts that America is a place where all things are possible, who still wonders if the dream of our founders is alive in our time, who still questions the power of our democracy, tonight is your answer. 【答案】In general situations, lexical words are normally stressed while grammatical words are unstressed. Those which mainly work for constructing groups, phrase, clause, clause complex, or even text are grammatical words, such as, conjunctions, prepositions, articles, and pronouns. And those which mainly work for referring to substance, action and quality, such as nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs are lexical words. Lexical words carry the main content of a language while grammatical ones serve to link together different content parts. Therefore, lexical words are also known as content words and grammatical ones as functional words.In this passage, the verb doubts, wonders, questions, the noun America, things, dream, founders, power, democracy, the adjective: possible, alive, the adverb: still, all, fall into the category of lexical words and are generally stressed. The pronoun: anyone, our and your, are grammatical words which are not normally stressed but get stressed here, and the noun: place, time, tonight, answer, are lexical words that are normally stressed but are not stressed in this text.(本题考查词的分类和重音，根据词性来判断是否应该重读。
