(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码：1201总分值：100科目名称：英语Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)A great deal of attention is being paid today to the so-called digital divide—the division of the world into the info(information)rich and the info poor.And that__(1)__does exist today.My wife and I lectured about this looming danger twenty years ago.What was less__(2)__then,however,were the new,positive__(3)__that work against the digital divide.__(4)__,there are reasons to be__(5)__.There are technological reasons to hope the digital divide will narrow.As the Internet becomes more and more__(6)__,it is in the interest of business to universalize access-after all,the more people online,the more potential__(7)__there are.More and more__(8)__,afraid their countries will be left __(9)__,want to spread Internet access.Within the next decade or two,one to two billion people on the planet will be__(10)__together.As a result,I now believe the digital divide will__(11)__rather than widen in the years ahead.And that is very good news because the Internet may well be the most powerful tool for_(12)_world poverty that we’ve ever had.Of course,the use of the Internet isn't the only way to_(13)_poverty.And the Internet is not the only tool we have.But it has_(14)_potential.To__(15)__advantage of this tool,some poor countries will have to get over their outdated anti-colonial prejudices__(16)__respect to foreign investment.Countries that still think foreign investment is a/an__(17)__of their sovereignty might well study the history of__(18)__(the basic structural foundations of a society)in the United States.When the United States built its industrial infrastructure,it didn’t have the capital to do so.And that is__(19)__America’s Second Wave infrastructure-__(20)__roads,harbors,highways,ports and so on-were built with foreign investment.1.[A]divide[B]information[C]world[D]lecture2.[A]obscure[B]visible[C]invisible[D]indistinct3.[A]forces[B]obstacles[C]events[D]surprises4.[A]Seriously[B]Entirely[C]Actually[D]Continuously5.[A]negative[B]optimistic[C]pleasant[D]disappointed6.[A]developed[B]centralized[C]realized[D]commercialized7.[A]users[B]producers[C]customers[D]citizens8.[A]enterprises[B]governments[C]officials[D]customers9.[A]away[B]for[C]aside[D]behind10.[A]netted[B]worked[C]put[D]organized11.[A]decrease[B]narrow[C]neglect[D]low12.[A]containing[B]preventing[C]keeping[D]combating13.[A]win[B]detail[C]defeat[D]fear14.[A]enormous[B]countless[C]numerical[D]big15.[A]bring[B]keep[C]hold[D]take16.[A]at[B]with[C]of[D]for17.[A]offence[B]investment[C]invasion[D]insult18.[A]construction[B]facility[C]infrastructure[D]institution19.[A]why[B]where[C]when[D]how20.[A]concerning[B]concluding[C]according[D]including(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码：1201总分值：100科目名称：英语Section II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirectionsReading the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B, C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40points)Text1When musing on cities over time and in our time,from the first(whenever it was)to today,we must always remember that cities are artifacts.Forests,jungles,deserts,plains,oceans–the organic environment is born and dies and is reborn endlessly,beautifully,and completely without moral constraint or ethical control.But cities–despite the metaphors that we apply to them from biology or nature(“The city dies when industry flees”;“The neighborhoods are the vital cells of the urban organism”),despite the sentimental or anthropomorphic devices we used to describe cities–are artificial.Nature has never made a city,and what Nature makes that may seem like a city—an anthill, for instance—only seems like one.It is not a city.Human beings made and make cities,and only human beings kill cities,or let them die.And human beings do both—make cities and unmake them—by the same means:by acts of choice.We enjoy deluding ourselves in this as in other things.We enjoy believing that there are forces out there completely determining our fate,natural forces—or forces so strong and overwhelming as to be like natural forces—that send cities through organic or biological phases of birth,growth,and decay.We avoid the knowledge that cities are at best works of art,and at worst ungainly artifacts—but never flowers or even weeds—and that we,not some mysterious force or cosmic biological system,control the creation and life of a city.We control the creation and life of a city by the choices and agreements we make—the basic choice being,for instance,not to live alone,the basic agreement being to live together.When people choose to settle,like the starts,not wander like the moon,they create cities as sites and symbols of their choice to stop and their agreement not to separate.Now stasis and proximity,not movement and distance,define human relationships.Mutual defense,control of a river or harbor,shelter from natural forces—all these and other reasons may lead people to aggregate,but once congregated,they then live differently and become different.A city is not an extended family.That is a tribe or clan.A city is a collection of disparate families who agree to function:They agree to live as if they were as close in blood or ties of kinship as they are in physical proximity.Choosing life in an artifact,people agree to live in a state of similitude.A city is a place where ties of considerable pact,a city.If a family is an expression of continuity through biology, a city is an expression of continuity through will and imagination—through mental choices making artifice,not through physical reproduction.21.The author’s purpose is primarily to[A]identify the sources of popular discontent with cities[B]define the city as growing out of a social contract[C]illustrate the difference between cities and villages[D]compare cities with blood families(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码：1201总分值：100科目名称：英语22.The author cites the sentence“The neighborhoods are the vital cells of the urban organism”(Paragraph1)as[A]an example of one type of figurative languages[B]a simple statement of scientific fact[C]a momentary digression from his central thesis[D]a paradox with ironic implications23.The author’s attitude toward the statements quoted in“The city dies when industry flees”;“The neighborhoods are the vital cells of the urban organism”in Paragraph1is[A]respectful[B]ambivalent[C]skeptical[D]approving24.According to this passage,why is an anthill by definition unlike a city?[A]It can be casually destroyed by human beings.[B]Its inhabitants outnumber the inhabitants of even the largest city.[C]It is a work of instinct rather than of imagination.[D]It exists on a far smaller scale than any city does.25.Mutual defense,control of waterways,and shelter from the forces of nature are presented primarily an example of motives for people to[A]move away from their enemies[B]gather together in settlements[C]welcome help from their kinfolk[D]redefine their family relationshipsText2Democritus was fascinated by the question of what principle underlay the material universe and developed a solution that revealed the brilliance of his thought.Every material thing,Democritus believed,is made up of a finite number of discrete particles,or atoms,as he called them,whose joining together and subsequent separation account for the coming to be of things and for their passing away. The atoms themselves,he said,are infinite in number and eternal.They move,according to a necessary motion,in the void,which we would call space.Most of the main tenets of the atomism of Democritus were astonishingly modern.First,the atoms were invisibly small.They were all of the same stuff,or nature,but they came in a multitude of different shapes and sizes.Though impermeable(Democritus did not know that atoms could be split), they acted upon one another,aggregating and clinging to one another so as to produce the great variety of bodies that we see.The space outside the atoms was empty,a concept that most of Democritus’contemporaries could not accept.Second,the atoms were in perpetual motion,in every direction,throughout empty space.There is no above or below,before or behind,in empty space,said Democritus.In modern terms,empty space did not vary according to direction.This was an extremely sophisticated notion.(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码：1201总分值：100科目名称：英语Third,the continual motion of the atoms was inherent.They possessed what would call inertial mass.The notion that the atoms kept on moving without being pushed,besides being another remarkable intellectual concept,was not acceptable to Aristotle and others.Only the celestial bodies, Aristotle thought,kept on moving of any by themselves,because they were divine.The general refusal by Aristotle and his influential followers to accept the law of inertia stood as an obstacle to the development of physics for two thousand years.Fourth,weight or gravity was not a property of atoms or indeed of aggregates thereof.Here Democritus was as wrong as wrong could be.Whether Democritus was right or wrong about a fifth point is not definitely decided to this day. He held that the soul is breath and because breath is material,and therefore made up of atoms,so must the soul be.He maintained that,because the soul is a physical thing,it must be determined by physical laws;it cannot be free.Even the hardy thinkers who claim to accept this theory do not act as if they do. They may deny the innate freedom of others,but they act as if they believe in their own.The tension built up by this antinomy has proved to be fruitful over the centuries.However,the notion that the soul was material proved so unacceptable to both the Aristotelians and the Christians that for nearly two millennia the atomic hypothesis languished.26.According to Democritus,empty space_________.[A]does not exist with regard to atoms[B]is directionless with regard to the movement of atoms[C]is an erroneous notion concerning atoms[D]possesses inertial mass27.The author discusses the beliefs of Aristotle and his followers(in Paragraph4)in order to _________.[A]support the validity of Democritus’theories[B]note that influential individuals delayed the acceptance of scientific truth[C]highlight the accuracy of certain parts of Democritus’theory[D]add an element of philosophy into an otherwise scientific discussion28.It can be inferred from Democritus’inclusion of the soul in his theories of the material universe(in Paragraph6)that_____________.[A]philosophy,religion,and science were not always thought of as separate fields[B]scientists are often unsuccessful in making philosophical theories[C]his line of thinking was essentially unsound[D]he was attempting his thinking with that of Aristotle29.Democritus would most likely believe that which of the following would explain the life cycle of a flower?[A]A unique type of matter is drawn to a point in the void and takes root[B]The constant motion of atoms produces the illusion of a flower[C]The same material that composes the soul also breathes life into plants[D]Atoms come together as the flower grows and disperse as it dies.(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码：1201总分值：100科目名称：英语30.Which is mot analogous to a“hardy thinkers”(in Paragraph6)view of the soul?[A]A politician’s practice of using public transportation because that is how everyone in his citytravels[B]A doctor’s recommendation that his patient quit smoking to improve the patient’s health whilethe doctor smokes a pack a day[C]A mother taking her daughter to ballet practice every day because the mother never had thatopportunity as a child[D]A museum curator deciding not to run an exhibition because he believes the public will notenjoy itText3The definition of aesthetic pleasure is a popular subject for many different fields.In the following, adapted from an article found in a science journal,a physicist discusses the unique perspective that his discipline allows him.Since time immemorial,countless scholars have asked the question:What is beauty?As philosophers engage in weighty discourses,designers update the latest fashions,and artists create their masterpieces,what is considered beautiful changes at an alarming pace.Fifty years ago,the full-figured Marilyn Monroe embodied the American aesthetic value;today,a legion of Hollywood actresses vastly different in appearance from Marilyn's have taken her place.However,aesthetic values not only differ from generation to generation,but do so along cultural lines as well.The conventions that govern painting and music vary greatly from East to West.Often,what is considered repellent to one civilization is the pinnacle of aesthetic appeal in another.Thus,when left to the sphere of human design,the search for an absolute definition of beauty remains an elusive one at best.As fundamental physicists,my colleagues and I like to believe that we are involved in a search for a beauty that does not remain impervious to definition.The beauty that we search for is not that which is laid down through the work of people and subject to ephemeral tastes,but rather that which has been established by Nature.Those not involved with physics tend to think of it as a precise and predictive science–certainly not a field of study fit for the contemplation of the beautiful.Yet one of physics’greatest gifts is that it allows its students to look past extrinsic appearances,into a more overwhelming beauty.As a human being,I am captivated by the visual appeal of a wave crashing on the beach.As a physicist however,I possess the ability to be captivated by the much deeper beauty of the physical laws that govern such a phenomenon.Where the non-physicist sees a lovely but inexplicable event,the well-schooled physicist is able to perceive a brilliant design.In truth,since the day that Albert Einstein first proposed the notion that there might be one overarching physical theory that governs the universe,aesthetics have become a driving force in modern physics.What Einstein and we,as his intellectual descendants,have discovered is this:Nature, as its most fundamental level,is beautifully constructed.The remarkable simplicity of the laws that governs the universe is,at times,nothing short of breath-taking.And at every step,as new discoveries and technologies allow us to examine the physical world on deeper and deeper levels,we find that the beauty itself becomes more profound.As Einstein himself said,it would seem more likely that we should find ourselves living a“chaotic world,in no way graspable through thinking.”Yet here we are, closer than ever to a full understanding of the universe’s beautiful clockwork.(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码：1201总分值：100科目名称：英语31.The reference to“Marilyn Monroe”in Paragraph1primarily serves to[A]Provide an example of today’s standards of beauty[B]Discuss her abilities as an actress[C]Demonstrate how susceptible aesthetics are to change[D]Compare traditions of East and West32.The author’s assertion in Paragraph1(“what is considered repellent…in another”)suggests that[A]cultures are naturally destined to clash[B]many civilizations are prone to disgusting behavior[C]individuals tend to disagree on what they find beautiful[D]it is nearly impossible to say what is truly beautiful33.As used in Paragraph2,the phrase“laid down”most nearly means[A]created[B]rested[C]slept[D]secured34.The author uses the words“ephemeral”and“Nature”(Paragraph2)in order to[A]contrast the concept of impermanent beauty with the beauty for which physics searches[B]evaluate the effectiveness of physics as an art form[C]discuss how physicists visualize beauty[D]criticize people who don’t understand physics35.In the course of outlining the various gifts of physics,the author cites all of the following EXCEPT[A]the ability to look for a beauty that is unchanging[B]appreciating the visual beauty of a wave crashing[C]a grater comprehension of Nature’s ways[D]seeing a deeper design in natural eventsText4We all have offensive breath at one time or another.In most cases,offensive breath emanates from bacteria in the mouth,although there are other,more surprising causes.Until a few years ago,the most doctors could do was to counsel patients with bad breath about oral cleanliness.Now they are finding new ways to treat the usually curable condition.Bad breath can happen whenever the normal flow of saliva slows.Our mouths are full of bacteria feeding on protein in bits of food and shed tissue.The bacteria emit evil-smelling gases,the rest of which is hydrogen sulfide.Mouth bacteria thrive in airless conditions.Oxygen-rich saliva keeps their numbers down.When we sleep,for example,the saliva stream slows,and sulfur-producing bacteria gain the upper hand,producing classis“morning breath”.Alcohol,hunger,too much talking,breathing through the mouth during exercise–anything that dries the mouth produces bad breath.So can stress, though it’s not understood why.Some people’s breath turns sour every time they go on a job interview. Saliva flow gradually slows with age,which explains why the elderly have more bad-breath trouble than younger people do.Babies,however,who make plenty of saliva and whose mouths contain(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码：1201总分值：100科目名称：英语relatively few bacteria have characteristically sweet breath.For most of us,the simple,dry-mouth variety of a bad breath is easily cured.Eating or drinking starts saliva and sweeps away many of the bacteria.Breakfast often stops morning breath.Those with chronic dry mouth find that it helps to keep gum,hard candy,or a bottle of water or juice around. Brushing the teeth wipes out dry-mouth bad breath because it clears away many of the offending bacteria.Surprisingly,one thing that rarely works is mouthwash.The liquid can mask bad-breath odor with its own smell,but the effect lasts no more than an hour.Some mouthwashes claim to kill the bacteria responsible for bad breath.The trouble is,they don’t necessarily reach all offending germs.Most bacteria are well protected from mouthwash under thick layers of mucus.If the mouthwash contains alcohol–as most do–it can intensify the problem by drying out the mouth.36.The phrase“emanate from”in Paragraph1most probably means“____”.[A]thrive on[B]account for[C]originate from[D]descend from37.Which of the following is mentioned as one of the causes of bad breath?[A]Tooth trouble[B]Sulfur-fish food[C]Too much exercise[D]Mental strain38.According to the passage,alcohol has something to do with bad breath mainly because[A]it keeps offending bacteria from reproducing.[B]its smell adds to bad death.[C]it kills some helpful bacteria.[D]it affects the normal flow of saliva.39.Mouth washes are not an effective cure for bad breath mainly because[A]they can’t mask the bad odor long enough.[B]they can’t get to all the offending bacteria.[C]their strong smell mixes with bad breath and makes it worse.[D]they can’t cover the thick layers of mucus.40.We can infer from this passage that[A]offensive breath can’t easily be cured.[B]elderly people are less offended by bad breath.[C]heavy drinkers are less affected by bad breath.[D]offensive breath is less affected by alcohol.(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码：1201总分值：100科目名称：英语Part BDirections:In the following text,some sentences have been removed.For Questions41-45,choose the most suitable one from the list A-F to fit into each of the numbered blanks.There is one extra choice,which does not fit in any of the blanks.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)If you shop at Westfield,you’ve probably been scanned and recorded by dozens of hidden cameras built into the centres’digital advertising billboards.The semi-camouflaged cameras can determine not only your age and gender but your mood,cueing up tailored advertisements within seconds,thanks to facial detection technology.Westfield’s Smartscreen network was developed by the French software firm Quividi back in2015.(41)And once the billboards have your attention they hit record,sharing your reaction with advertisers. Quividi says their billboards can distinguish shoppers’gender with90%precision,five categories of mood from“very happy to very unhappy”and customers’age within a five-year bracket.Mood is a particularly valuable insight for advertisers,revealing shoppers’general sentiment towards a brand and how they feel in particular stores at certain times of the day.(42)(43)Scentre Group,Westfield Australia’s parent company,emphasises that all data collected is anonymous and that they are using facial detection,not facial recognition technology(FRT).This means generic information such as a shopper’s age and gender is collected rather than the technology using photo-matching databases to identify who customers are.A spokesperson would not confirm whether or not Westfield would consider using FRT in the future.(44)Quividi’s host of international clients include Telstra,7-Eleven,Coca-Cola,oOH Media and HSBC bank.Terry Hartmann,vice president of Cognitec Asia Pacific,the company that develops “market-leading face recognition technologies for customers and government agencies around the world”,says using facial detection commercially is no different to Facebook’s manipulation of users’online search history for targeted advertising.“You’re not identifying who that person is,you’re just identifying the characteristics of that person.(45)”A.There are now more than1,600billboards installed into41Westfield centres across Australia andNew Zealand.B.But Microsoft has acknowledged the concerns about FRT and called for greater governmentregulation of the use of this technology.C.Their discreet cameras capture blurry images of shoppers and apply statistical analysis to identifyaudience demographics.D.That’s no different to Facebook popping up ads you might be interested in and social media pickingup people based on their clicking habits or the shopping that they’ve done.E.Retail companies are increasingly turning to facial detection and facial recognition software toattract and engage a distracted audience.F.Unlike gender and age,mood is harder to determine,sitting at around80%accuracy.(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码：1201总分值：100科目名称：英语Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)For many years,Wisconsin had one of the finest public-university systems in the country.(46)It was built on an idea:that the university’s influence should not end at the campus’s borders,that professors—and the students they taught—should“search for truth”to help state legislators write laws, aid the community with technical skills,and generally improve the quality of life across the state.Many people attribute the Wisconsin Idea,as it is known,to Charles Van Hise,the president of the University of Wisconsin from1903to1918.(47)“I shall never be content until the beneficent influence of the University reaches every family of the state,”Hise said in an address in1905.“If our beloved institution reaches this ideal it will be the first perfect state university.”His idea was written into the mission of the state’s university system,and over time that system became a model for what public higher education could be.(48)But the backbone of the idea almost went away in2015,when Governor Scott Walker released his administration’s budget proposal,which included a change to the university’s mission.The Wisconsin Idea would be tweaked.The“search for truth”would be cut in favor of a charge to“meet the state’s workforce needs.”To those outside Wisconsin,the proposed change might have seemed small.After all,what’s so bad about an educational system that propels people into a high-tech economy?(49)But to many Wisconsinites,the change struck at the heart of the state’s identity.They argued that the idea—with its core tenets of truth,public service,and“improving the human condition”—is what makes Wisconsin, Wisconsin.(50)Walker ultimately scrapped his attempt to alter the Wisconsin Idea,claiming that his administration hadn’t meant to change it,that it was just a“drafting error.”And so the Wisconsin Idea was preserved—at least in an official sense.But though the words survived intact,many Wisconsinites believe that in the years since,the change Walker had proposed has taken place nevertheless.And one of the state’s institutions,the University of Wisconsin at Stevens Point,is the epicenter of that change.In mid-November,the university announced its plans to stop offering six liberal-arts majors,including geography,geology,French,German,two-and three-dimensional art,and history.The plan stunned observers,many of whom argued that at a time when Nazism is resurgent,society needs for people to know history,even if the economy might not.…(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码：1201总分值：100科目名称：英语Section III Writing51.Directions:Carefully read the following passage and write a short composition of about250to300 words.You should write the composition on the ANSWER SHEET.Note that your score will be awarded mainly on the base of content,logic,style and language.(30%) Chinese film star Zhai Tianlin,who apologised publicly for his academic misconduct after being accused of plagiarism,has been stripped of his PhD by the Beijing Film Academy and expelled by Peking University from a two-year doctoral research programme at the Guanghua School of Management.This has brought to an end Zhai’s persona as a“xueba”,a popular Chinese term for an academic overachiever.Does the plagiarism scandal of Zhai Tianlin exert any disastrous impacts on Chinese education and society?An argumentative is expected to support your viewpoint.The end of the test。
