宁波大学2019(信息学院)博士研究生入学考试3809智能数据处理初试试卷(B卷)

(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码：2611总分值：100科目名称：医学分子生物学一、名词解释（每题2分，共20分）1.分子生物学2.细胞周期检查点3.单倍型不足4.功能克隆5.基因工程6.Structural gene7.Autophagy8.Molecular chaperon9.Ubiquitination10.Gene therapy二、选择题（每题1分，共30分）1.基因的基本概念不包含以下内容A.是核酸分子中贮存遗传信息的基本单位B.是RNA和蛋白质相关遗传信息的基本存在形式C.是指编码RNA和蛋白质多肽链序列信息D.是表达这些信息所必需的全部核苷酸序列E.是蛋白质和核酸的复合体2.真核生物基因的调控序列不包括A.增强子B.OCT-1C.GC盒D.外显子E.TATA盒3.以下哪个不是人类基因组计划的内容A.代谢图B.遗传图C.物理图D.转录图E.序列图4.反式作用因子的活性调节不包括以下方式A.表达式调节B.反馈调节C.配体结合D.蛋白质与蛋白质相互作用E.共价修饰(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码：2611总分值：100科目名称：医学分子生物学5.细胞周期调控涉及四个检查点，但不包括以下哪一个A.G0期检查点B.S期检查点C.G2期检查点D.G1-S期检查点E.M期检查点6.有关细胞周期蛋白说法，不正确的是A.CDK可以磷酸化cyclinB.cyclin D可与CDK4/6结合，促使RB磷酸化C.cyclin E可与CDK2/3结合，促使细胞通过G1-S检查点D.cyclin A浓度在细胞周期是固定不变的E.cyclin B是M期重要的调节蛋白7.细胞凋亡具有重要作用，以下描述哪点不正确A.凋亡能够清除衰老和损伤的细胞B.胞质蛋白交联使凋亡小体稳定C.凋亡的发生不需要ATP的参与D.核DNA的降解是非随机性的E.免疫细胞可引起凋亡8.视网膜母细胞瘤与以下哪个肿瘤抑制基因突变有关A.BRCAB.TP53C.RCCD.RB1E.APC9.下列有关不同基因组DNA复制的共同机制，说法错误的是A.基因组DNA都有固定的复制起始点B.以复制子为基本单位进行复制C.半保留复制D.半不连续复制E.通过复制中间体完成复制10.端粒酶主要组分包括A.DNAB.蛋白质C.DNA和蛋白质D.RNA和蛋白质E.RNA(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码：2611总分值：100科目名称：医学分子生物学11.真核生物基因组DNA复制的特点，以下说法错误的是A.需要解开和重新组装核小体B.有多个复制起始点C.全部DNA复制完成后方可启动下一轮复制D.线粒体DNA通过滚环模式复制E.采用特殊的机制来复制端粒12.以下物质不会引起DNA损伤的有A.紫外线B.甲硫氨酸C.硫酸二乙酯D.5-FUE.亚硝酸盐13.不适合选作基因工程药物表达体系的是A.大肠杆菌B.酵母C.线虫D.昆虫杆状病毒E.中国仓鼠卵巢细胞14.能引起应激反应的因素是A.夏天高温B.机械撞击C.紫外线D.蛋白质E.以上全部15.属于细胞水平应激反应的是A.氧化应激B.表达热激蛋白C.急性期应激反应D.凝血蛋白的增加E.血浆白蛋白聚集16.可能引起基因治疗风险的基因导入方法是A.脂质体法B.直接注射C.慢病毒D.受体介导基因转移E.以上全部17.下列哪个是普遍存在于真核基因中的RNA剪接的识别信号A.GC-AT法则B.AG-GT法则C.GT-AG法则D.GT-AC法则E.GG-AA法则18.导致蛋白质合成提前终止的是下列哪种突变A.同义突变B.错义突变C.无义突变D.反义突变E.移码突变19.基因诊断和其它诊断比较，最主要的特点是A.费用低B.周期短C.取材方便D.针对致病基因E.无需设备20.PCR的特异性主要取决于A.循环次数B.模板量C.DNA聚合酶活性D.引物特异性E.扩增温度(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码：2611总分值：100科目名称：医学分子生物学21.可用于检测单链DNA的分子杂交技术是指A.Eastern印迹B.Northern印迹C.Southern印迹D.Western印迹E.Dot印迹22.RNA的二级结构是指：A.双螺旋结构B.发夹结构C.三维结构D.倒L型结构E.超螺旋23.核酸分子的一级结构是指：A.核苷酸的数目B.核苷酸的排列顺序C.氢键的数目D.磷酸二酯键的位置E.核苷酸的种类24.在原核生物转录起始阶段中，有下列哪类酶发挥作用：A.RNA聚合酶全酶B.RNA聚合酶核心酶C.同工酶D.双功能酶E.异构酶25.在原核细胞操纵子结构中，没有表达产物的DNA序列是：A.调节序列B.结构基因C.操纵序列D.外显子E.以上都对26.在翻译过程中，tRNA把以下哪个（些）分子联系起来：A.氨基酸B.mRNAC.rRNAD.A和BE.A和C27.在转录延长过程中，RNA聚合酶与DNA模板的结合是：A.全酶与模板结合B.核心酶与模板特定位点结合C.结合状态相对牢固稳定D.结合松弛有利于RNA聚合酶向前移动E.通过氢键结合28.电子显微镜下观察到原核生物转录过程的羽毛状图形，说明：A.可见复制叉B.转录产物RNA与模板DNA形成很长的杂化双链C.多聚核糖体生成必须在转录完成后才出现D.转录没终止即开始翻译E.说明有内含子(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码：2611总分值：100科目名称：医学分子生物学29.关于遗传密码，以下哪点不正确：A.方向性B.简并性C.通用性D.AUU是终止密码子E.无标点符号30.原核生物蛋白质合成的起始阶段与mRNA结合的核糖体小亚基是：A.30SB.40SC.60SD.70SE.80S三、论述题（每题10分，共30分）1.试述真核生物基因组的特点。

(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码：3802总分值：100科目名称：流体力学一．单项选择题：（共12分，每小题1分）1．流体按照是否考虑其粘性，可将流体分为：()(A)牛顿流体及非牛顿流体；(B)可压缩流体与不可压缩流体；(C)均质流体与非均质流体；(D)理想流体与真实流体。

2．动力粘性系数的量纲是（）。

(A)FL -2T ；(B)FL -1T -1；(C )FLT -2；(D)FLT 2。

3．圆管层流，管轴心处的流速为1.8m/s ，则该断面的平均流速为（）。

(A)2.4m/s ；(B)1.8m/s ；(C)1.35m/s ；(D)0.9m/s.4.流体力学中，用无量纲数Re 来判别真实流体的两种流态—层流和湍流，其临界值大约是（）。

(A )2300；(B)1200；(C)3600；(D)这些都不是。

5.并联管路的总阻力损失等于（）。

(A )各管段阻力损失之和的2倍；(B)各管段的阻力损失之和；(C )任一支管的阻力损失。

（D ）不确定。

6.层流断面流速分布规律符合（）。

(A )对数分布；(B )直线分布；(C)抛物线分布；(D )椭圆分布。

7.对于层流边界层，（）将加速边界层的分离。

(A )减少逆压梯度和减少运动粘滞系数；(B)增加逆压梯度和减少运动粘滞系数；(C )减少逆压梯度和增加运动粘滞系数；(D )增加逆压梯度和增加运动粘滞系数。

8.流体有势的充分必要条件是（）。

(A )流动是无旋的；(B)必须是平面流动；(C )必须是无旋的平面流动；(D )流线是直线的流动；9.船舶在水中航行时，船体对水的作用相当于连续分布的压力点在水面上运动，每一压力点均产生波浪，但兴波作用最强的是在（）。

(A )船首；(B)船尾；(C )船首和船尾；(D )不确定。

10.如图一维管流中，已知管道中流体的密度为1ρ，U 形管中工作液体的密度为2ρ，如果12ρρ<，那么管内流体的流动方向为（）。

(A )由左到右；(B)静止不动；(C )由右到左；(D )不确定。

(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码：3825总分值：100科目名称：运筹学1.（共15分）某咨询公司受厂商委托，对新上市的一种新产品进行消费者反映的调查。

该公司采用挨户调查的方法，委托他们调查的厂商以及该公司的市场研究专家对该调查提出以下几点要求：（1）必须调查2000户人家；（2）在晚上调查的户数和白天调查的户数相等；（3）至少应调查700户有孩子的家庭；（4）至少应调查450户无孩子的家庭。

每会见一户家庭进行调查所需费用如下表所示，为使总调查费用最小，应调查各类家庭的户数是多少？试建立数学模型，无需求解。

家庭白天会见晚上会见有孩子25元30元无孩子20元24元2.（共15分）某公司制造三种产品A 、B 、C ，需要两种资源（劳动力和原材料），现要确定总利润最大的生产计划，列出下述线性规划：123123123123max 3563545..34530,,0z x x x x x x s t x x x x x x =++++≤⎧⎪++≤⎨⎪≥⎩（1）用单纯形法求解该线性规划问题的最优解和最优值；（2）写出该对偶问题的数学模型3.（共15分）A 、B 两处煤矿负责供应甲、乙、丙三个城市的煤炭。

已知两矿年产量、三个城市每年煤炭需求量以及从两煤矿至各城市煤炭运价如下表所示。

由于供不应求，经协商决定，甲城市供应量可减少0-30万吨，乙城市需要量应全部满足，丙城市供应量不少于270万吨。

试求将供应量分配完又使总运费为最低的调运方案。

甲乙丙产量A 151822400B 212516450销量3202503504.（共15分）分配甲乙丙丁四人去完成5项任务，每人完成各项任务的时间如下表所示。

由于任务数多于人数，故规定其中有一人可兼完成两项任务，其余三人每人完成一项，试确定总花费时间最少的指派方案。

(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码：3825总分值：100科目名称：运筹学A B C D E甲2529314237乙3938262033丙3427284032丁24423623455.（共10分）已知以下网络，计算从A点到M点的最短路线及其长度。

(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码：3824总分值：100科目名称：生物信息学一、名词解释（每题6分，共42分）1.E值2.模体(Motif)3.基因本体(Gene Ontology)4.隐马尔可夫模型（HMM）5.蛋白质组(Proteome)6.KEGG7.基因组二、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1.GenBank是()。

A.在线人类孟德尔遗传数据B.国际核酸数据库C.人类基因组计划D.水稻基因组计划2.DDBJ的含义是()。

A.美国国家生物信息中心B.欧洲分子生物学实验室C.日本DNA数据库D.中国基因组研究中心3.NCBI中人类无冗余基因数据库是()。

A.UniGeneB.UniProC.UniRefD.URF4.差异表达主要采用的统计方法是()。

A.卡方检验B.超几何分布检验C.T检验D.正态性分布检验5.ChIP-seq不能用于以下哪种情况的检测()。

A.转录因子DNA结合位点B.基因突变C.H3K4me3组蛋白修饰D.H3K27me3组蛋白修饰6.下列哪种测序方式可以用于DNA甲基化检测？()A.RNA-seqB.BS-seqC.CLIP-seqD.ChIP-seq7.contig的含义是()。

A.基序B.跨叠克隆群C.碱基对D.结构域8.BLAST程序中，哪个方法是不存在的？()A.BLASTPB.BLASTNC.BLASTXD.BLASTQ(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码：3824总分值：100科目名称：生物信息学9.TCGA的含义是()。

A.基因组研究中心B.核苷酸序列数据库C.疾病基因组数据库D.肿瘤基因组图谱10.Read的含义是()。

A.测序的片段B.测序片段的读长C.碱基D.模体三、简答题(每题8分，共24分)1.简述生物信息学的发展阶段。

2.序列的相似性与同源性有什么区别与联系？3.人类基因组计划的结果显示，蛋白编码基因占整个基因组的不到5%，剩下的都是非编码区域，请您说出常见的非编码RNA类型，并列举几个常用的非编码RNA数据库及其主要内容。

宁波大学2019年博士研究生招生考试初试试题(A卷)
(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)
科目代码：3812总分值：100科目名称：光通信理论与技术
一、计算题(共70分)
1．（15分）设想一根30km长的光纤，在波长1300nm处的衰减为0.8dB/km，如果我们从一端注入功率为200μW的光信号，求其输出功率P out。

2．（15分）一峰值发光波长在800nm的GaAs激光器，其谐振腔长400μm，且材料折射率为n=3.6，如果增益g为750nm<λ<850nm的范围内都大于总损耗系数αt，试求此激光器中能存在多少个模式？
3．（15分）一段12km长的光纤线路，其损耗为1.5dB/km：
a)如果在接收端保持0.3μW的接收光功率，则发送端的功率至少为多少？
b)如果光纤的损耗变为2.5dB/km，则所需的输入光功率又为多少？
4．（15分）有一长距离单模光纤传输系统，工作波长为1300nm，其它参数如下：
LD光源平均入纤功率：0dBm；光缆损耗：0.5dB/km；熔接头损耗：0.1dB/km；
活动连接器损耗（2个）：0.5dB/个；APD接收机灵敏度：-55dBm(BER=10-9)；
系统富余度：12dB。

试求损耗限制传输的距离。

5．（10分）计算n1=1.48及n2=1.46的阶跃折射率光纤的数值孔径。

如果光纤端面外介质折射率n=1.00，则允许的最大入射角θmax为多少？
二、简答题（共30分）
1．（15分）简述引起单模光纤色散的原因，在光通信系统中如何克服这些色散对带宽带来的影响。

2．（15分）简述模间色散的时域测量方法及工作原理，并画出该方法的原理框图。

第1页共1页。

(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码：3804总分值：100科目名称：高等工程热力学一、名词解释（本大题共5小题，每小题3分，共15分）1、孤立系统熵增原理2、可逆过程3、比熵（定义及表达式）4、道尔顿定律5、理想气体二、简答题（本大题共10小题，每小题4分，共40分）1、简述热力学第一、第二定律分别是什么？2、说明下列论断是否可能：（1）工质膨胀时是否必须对工质加热？（2）工质边膨胀边放热可能否？（3）工质边被压缩边吸入热量可以否？（4）工质吸热后内能一定增加？3、有人认为理想气体组成的闭口系统吸热后，温度必定增加，你的看法如何？在这种情况下，你认为那一种状态参数必定增加？4、不可逆过程就是无法恢复到初态的过程，这种说法是否正确？为什么？5、闭口系统经历了一个不可逆过程对外作功10kJ ，同时放出热量5kJ ，系统的熵变是大于零的，这种说法对吗？为什么？6、对于一种确定的理想气体，()c c p v -是否等于定值？在不同温度下()c c p v -是否总是同一定值？7、在p-v 图和T-s 图画出卡诺循环。

8、若工质从同一初态出发，分别经可逆绝热过程与不可逆绝热过程到达相同的终压，两过程终态熵如何？9、没有盛满水的热水瓶，其瓶塞有时被自动顶开，有时被自动吸紧，这是什么原因？10、门窗紧闭的房间内有一台电冰箱正在运行，若敞开冰箱门就有一股凉气扑面，感到凉爽。

于是就有人想通过敞开冰箱门的方法达到降低室内温度的目的，你认为这种想法可行吗？为什么？(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码：3804总分值：100科目名称：高等工程热力学三、计算题（本大题共5小题，每小题9分，共45分）1、一定量工质，经历了一个由四个过程组成的循环，各过程的吸热量、做功量及内能改变量如表1所示。

表1过程Q/kJ W/kJ ΔU/kJ1-2140002-30-3903-4-100004-10（1）试填充下表所缺的数据，并写出计算过程。

2019年宁波大学博士研究生招生考试初试科目
考试大纲
科目代码、名称: 3826 内科学
一、考试形式与试卷结构
（一）试卷满分值及考试时间
本试卷满分为100分，考试时间为180分钟。

（二）答题方式
答题方式为闭卷、笔试。

试卷由试题和答题纸组成；答案必须写在答题纸（由考点提供）相应的位置上。

（三）试卷内容结构
考试内容主要包括：1、掌握常见的症状与体征；2、掌握基本的实验室检查及心电图的判读；3、掌握内科系统常见疾病的发病机制、临床表现、诊断要点、鉴别诊断、治疗原则；4、了解学科发展的热点方向。

（四）试卷题型结构
1.名词解释
2.选择题
3.简答题
4.病例分析题
二、考查目标
考察考生对临床医学的基本理论、基本原理和基本知识的掌握程度。

三、考查范围或考试内容概要
循证医学与临床决策
呼吸系统疾病
心血管系统疾病
消化系统疾病
泌尿系统疾病
血液和造血系统疾病
内分泌和代谢疾病
风湿性疾病
理化因素引起的疾病
参考教材或主要参考书：
1.《内科学》（8年制），王辰，王建安主编，人民卫生出版社，第3版,2015年3月。

2.《内科学精粹》，陈晓敏主编，浙江大学出版社，第1版，2012年3月。

(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码：3817总分值：100科目名称：遗传学一、单项选择题（每小题1分，共10分）1、具有DNA的细胞器为（）。

A高尔基复合体B内质网C溶酶体D线粒体2、人类体细胞染色体数为46条，如果不发生交换，能产生正常生殖细胞的类型有（）A246B223C462D2323、如果染色体数目在二倍体的基础上减少一条则形成（）A单倍体B单体C缺体D三体4、人类基因组的DNA约有（）碱基对。

A 3.0×1012B 3.0×1011C 3.0×1010D 3.0×1095、一对有PTC尝味能力的夫妇，生育了一个味盲儿子，他们再生育具有尝味能力的子女的概率是（）。

A25%B50%C75%D100%6、某人是一个常染色体基因的杂合子Bb，而他带有一个隐性的X连锁基因d。

在他的精子中有多大比例带有b d基因？（）A0B1/2C1/16D1/47、假定等位基因A与a为共显性，Aa自交后代的表现型比例为（）A1：1B3：1C1：2：1D2：18、Western印迹法是用于研究（）转移和鉴定的一种常规技术A DNAB RNA C蛋白质D脂类9、同义突变常发生在密码子的（）碱基。

A任意B第一C第二D第三10、一个群体初始杂合子频率为0．92，自交2代后，群体中纯合子的频率为()A46%B23%C77%D54%(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码：3817总分值：100科目名称：遗传学二、名词解释（每个3分，共30分）1.测交2.修饰基因3.母性影响4.突变5.染色体组6.转座因子7.基因家族8.转导9.群体10.数量性状三、计算题和问答题（共60分）1、枯草杆菌和大肠杆菌DNA 双链分子的碱基组成以及在体外合成试验中产生RNA 的碱基组成如下表：从表中，你是否能够确认大肠杆菌和枯草杆菌的RNA 是从一条链上转录的呢，还是从两条链上转录的？所产生的RNA 是单链还是双链的？为什么？（8分）2、某医院妇产科同一晚生了4个孩子，血型分别为A 型、B 型、AB 型和O 型。

(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码：2603总分值：100科目名称：随机过程本试题可能用到的公式：积化和差：()()1sin cos sin sin 2a b a b a b =++-()()1sin sin cos cos 2a b a b a b =-+--()()1cos sin sin sin 2a b a b a b =+--()()1cos cos cos cos 2a b a b a b =++-和差化积：sin sin 2sin cos 22q j q j q j +-+=·sin sin 2cos sin 22q j q j q j +--=·cos cos 2cos cos 22q j q j q j +-+=·cos cos 2sin sin 22q j q j q j +--=-·一、概念题（每题4分，共40分）1．随机过程的样本函数是____。

a.随机函数 b.确定的时间函数 c.随机变量的函数。

2．设随机变量X 的均值为3，方差为2。

现定义新的随机变量为622Y X =-+，则[]E XY =____________；X 与Y 相关还是不相关_________。

3．假设两个相互独立的随机变量X 、Y 服从正态分布211(,)N m s 和222(,)N m s ，则随机变量=+2Z X Y 服从_________分布。

若令=[,]T W X Y ，则W 的协方差矩阵为_________。

4．若线性系统的输入为平稳随机过程，则输出随机过程是否平稳？____________；若输入与输出过程分别为()X t 和()Y t ，系统相应为()h t .写出输出过程自相关函数与输入过程自相关函数之间的关系。

________________________5．各态历经过程是平稳随机过程，对吗？__________________。

各态历经过程的两个条件分别是_________________________和_________________________。

(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码：3829总分值：100科目名称：耳鼻咽喉科学一、名词解释（10题，每题1分，共10分）1、声门旁间隙2、喉损伤性肉芽肿3、内耳4、三凹征5、梅尼埃病（美尼尔氏病）6、听骨链7、传导性耳聋8、胶耳9、环甲膜10、声门区二、选择题（共20题，每题0.5分，共10分）1、患者女性，58岁，回吸鼻涕带血，痰多1年余，鼻腔检查见右侧中道黏脓，并有少许肉芽。

鼻窦CT示：右上颌窦密度增高，并有钙化斑。

该患者可能的诊断为：A.上颌窦真菌病B.上颌窦囊肿C.上颌窦恶性肿瘤D.单纯上颌窦炎E.上颌窦出血坏死性息肉2、患者男性，38岁，回吸鼻涕带血5个月，脓涕较多，无鼻塞及耳闭；前鼻镜检查未见明显异常。

应首先作哪项检查来进一步诊断：A.鼻窦A超检查B.上颌窦穿刺C.鼻内镜检查或电子鼻咽镜检查D.鼻分泌物涂片细胞学检查E.EBV-IgA检查(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码：3829总分值：100科目名称：耳鼻咽喉科学3、确诊脑脊液鼻漏的方法为：A.鼻孔流出无色液体，干燥后不结痂B.低头用力、压迫颈静脉流量增加C.鼻腔血性液痕迹中心呈红色而周边清澈D.液体行葡萄糖定量分析，含量1.7mmol/L以上E.以上都不对4、变应性炎症属：A.Ⅰ型变态反应B.Ⅱ型变态反应C.Ⅲ型变态反应D.Ⅳ型变态反应E.Ⅴ型变态反应5、患者女性，35岁，近2个月左侧鼻翼下方渐渐隆起前来就诊。

检查：鼻底前方黏膜呈淡黄色，鼻唇沟变浅。

触之囊肿柔软，具弹性及波动感，能移动，无压痛。

穿刺有淡黄色囊液，囊液不含胆固醇结晶。

最可能的诊断是：A.牙源性囊肿B.鼻前庭囊肿C.鼻前庭脓肿D.鼻息肉E.鼻真菌病6、下列关于腺样体正确的说法是：A.腺样体位于口咽顶部B.腺样体在出生时即存在，6岁时最明显C.腺样体一般不萎缩D.腺样体肥大不影响呼吸及面容E.腺样体不属于咽淋巴环(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码：3829总分值：100科目名称：耳鼻咽喉科学7、下面关于诊断喉癌的最可靠方法是：A.纤维喉镜B.喉CT检查C.组织活检D.病史演变E.MRI检查8、鼻腔良性肿瘤中易复发、易恶变的是：A.血管瘤B.内翻性乳头状瘤C.腺瘤D.骨瘤E.纤维瘤9、鼻腔及鼻窦血管瘤以下列哪种治疗方法为主：A.手术切除B.放射治疗C.化疗D.硬化剂注射E.激光或冷冻治疗10、儿童鼾症最常见的原因是：A.肥胖B.腺样体肥大和慢性扁桃体炎C.支气管肺炎D.哮喘E.鼻窦炎(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码：3829总分值：100科目名称：耳鼻咽喉科学11、下面不会引起喉阻塞的疾病是：A.小儿急性喉炎B.喉部、气管异物C.喉血管神经性水肿D.喉部肿瘤E.双侧喉返神经完全性麻痹12、会厌的哪个部位的组织较疏松、炎症时易发生肿胀？A.会厌喉面B.会厌舌面C.会厌结节D.会厌游离缘E.会厌茎13、患者女性，35岁，诉左耳慢性疼痛，伴听力下降耳镜检查可见外耳道内有白色团块物堵塞，CT示外耳道骨壁破坏和外耳道腔扩大，最可能的诊断是：A.外耳道疖B.外耳道胆脂瘤C.耵聍栓塞D.急性乳突炎E.坏死性外耳道炎14、抢救喉阻塞病人来不及作气管切开术时，可紧急切开：A.环气管韧带B.舌甲膜C.甲状会厌韧带D.环甲膜E.舌会厌韧带(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码：3829总分值：100科目名称：耳鼻咽喉科学15、鼓膜穿刺的部位是：A．鼓脐部B．鼓膜前上方C．鼓膜后上方D．鼓膜前下方E．鼓膜松弛部16、睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征常用的诊断手段：A.CPAPB.ECochGC.UPPPD.PSGE.以上都不是17、患者男性，35岁，鼻塞、流浓涕、嗅觉减退2年。

(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码：3807总分值：100科目名称：数字通信一、填空（16分，每空格2分）1、假设信号的符号间隔为50ms ，为了保证信号的正交性，FSK 相干检测时要求的最小频率间隔为()，非相干检测时要求的最小频率间隔为()。

2、数字通信系统的有效性指标有（）和（），线性编码是（）。

3、某二维信号用向量表示为Si=[3，4],该信号的能量为（）。

4、一个数字传输系统以1000符号/秒的码元速率传送16进制码元，该系统的信息速率是（）bps 。

5、2PAM,2FSK,2PSK 和2DPSK 四种调制信号通过AWGN 信道传输。

假设发送信号的幅度相同，信息速率相同，噪声的功率谱密度N0相同，接收端都采用理想的相干最佳解调，那么，在大信噪比条件下，将这4种调制方式按误比特率从小到大排出的次序是（）。

二、选择题（14分，每空格2分）从下面所列答案中选择出最合理的答案，填入后面的答题中。

每个空格只能选一个答案，不排除某一个答案被多次选择的可能性。

示例题：3+2=（p ），2×0=（n ）(a)2w(b)sinc(t/T)(c)量化噪声(d)2FSK(e)慢(f)快(g)(h)相位错移(i)kb/slog 2M (j)kb/s log 102M (k)(l)循环稳定(m)时域均衡(n)0(o)高(p)5(r)12(s)4(t)倒 现象(u)21、周期为T 的信号通过带宽为wHz 的信道，要实现无ISI 传输，最大符号速率为（）符号/s ，相应的脉冲x(t )为（）。

(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码：3807总分值：100科目名称：数字通信2、如果信道传输带宽为10kHz，信噪比为30dB，则该信道的最高信息传输速率理论值为（）。

3、如果升余弦滚降系统的滚降系数 越大，则相应的系统总的冲激响应x(t)的拖尾衰减越（）。

4、BPSK信号在接收端因为载波同步系统中的分频，可能产生载波相位状态转移，发生对信号的错误解调，这种现象称为（）。

科目代码: 3809 科目名称：智能系统
1. 机器学习通常可分为指导性学习和非指导性学习，学习模型则可分为生成模型和
判别模型二类。

假定现在要完成以下的任务：
（a）函数拟合与插值；（b）聚类分析；（c）模式识别，
请简要解释以下学习模型各自属于生成模型还是判别模型，可以胜任哪种任务：（1）深度学习网络，(2)RBF网络，(3)Boltzmann机，（4）SOM网络。

(10%) 2. 如果将异或（XOR）问题推广为3输入的parity问题，要求输入和输出实现如下
真值表：
输入1 输入2 输入3 输出
0 0 0 0
0 0 1 1
0 1 0 1
0 1 1 0
1 0 0 1
1 0 1 0
1 1 0 0
1 1 1 1
请设计一个多层网络实现3-parity，并给出相应的学习算法。

(12%)
3. Hopfield网络是全相连的反馈型网络，可以用于实现“吸引子”联想记忆，如果
要使一个Hopfield网络同时记住“A”、“I”、“Y”三个字母（3x4点阵），试为其设计一个合理的结构，并给出学习算法和具体的网络权值。

(12%)
科目代码: 3809 科目名称：智能系统
科目代码: 3809 科目名称：智能系统
；
同时生成模型则以产生出能够“愚弄”判别模型使其以为真的数据为目标，即极。

(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码：1201总分值：100科目名称：英语Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)A great deal of attention is being paid today to the so-called digital divide—the division of the world into the info(information)rich and the info poor.And that__(1)__does exist today.My wife and I lectured about this looming danger twenty years ago.What was less__(2)__then,however,were the new,positive__(3)__that work against the digital divide.__(4)__,there are reasons to be__(5)__.There are technological reasons to hope the digital divide will narrow.As the Internet becomes more and more__(6)__,it is in the interest of business to universalize access-after all,the more people online,the more potential__(7)__there are.More and more__(8)__,afraid their countries will be left __(9)__,want to spread Internet access.Within the next decade or two,one to two billion people on the planet will be__(10)__together.As a result,I now believe the digital divide will__(11)__rather than widen in the years ahead.And that is very good news because the Internet may well be the most powerful tool for_(12)_world poverty that we’ve ever had.Of course,the use of the Internet isn't the only way to_(13)_poverty.And the Internet is not the only tool we have.But it has_(14)_potential.To__(15)__advantage of this tool,some poor countries will have to get over their outdated anti-colonial prejudices__(16)__respect to foreign investment.Countries that still think foreign investment is a/an__(17)__of their sovereignty might well study the history of__(18)__(the basic structural foundations of a society)in the United States.When the United States built its industrial infrastructure,it didn’t have the capital to do so.And that is__(19)__America’s Second Wave infrastructure-__(20)__roads,harbors,highways,ports and so on-were built with foreign investment.1.[A]divide[B]information[C]world[D]lecture2.[A]obscure[B]visible[C]invisible[D]indistinct3.[A]forces[B]obstacles[C]events[D]surprises4.[A]Seriously[B]Entirely[C]Actually[D]Continuously5.[A]negative[B]optimistic[C]pleasant[D]disappointed6.[A]developed[B]centralized[C]realized[D]commercialized7.[A]users[B]producers[C]customers[D]citizens8.[A]enterprises[B]governments[C]officials[D]customers9.[A]away[B]for[C]aside[D]behind10.[A]netted[B]worked[C]put[D]organized11.[A]decrease[B]narrow[C]neglect[D]low12.[A]containing[B]preventing[C]keeping[D]combating13.[A]win[B]detail[C]defeat[D]fear14.[A]enormous[B]countless[C]numerical[D]big15.[A]bring[B]keep[C]hold[D]take16.[A]at[B]with[C]of[D]for17.[A]offence[B]investment[C]invasion[D]insult18.[A]construction[B]facility[C]infrastructure[D]institution19.[A]why[B]where[C]when[D]how20.[A]concerning[B]concluding[C]according[D]including(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码：1201总分值：100科目名称：英语Section II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirectionsReading the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B, C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40points)Text1When musing on cities over time and in our time,from the first(whenever it was)to today,we must always remember that cities are artifacts.Forests,jungles,deserts,plains,oceans–the organic environment is born and dies and is reborn endlessly,beautifully,and completely without moral constraint or ethical control.But cities–despite the metaphors that we apply to them from biology or nature(“The city dies when industry flees”;“The neighborhoods are the vital cells of the urban organism”),despite the sentimental or anthropomorphic devices we used to describe cities–are artificial.Nature has never made a city,and what Nature makes that may seem like a city—an anthill, for instance—only seems like one.It is not a city.Human beings made and make cities,and only human beings kill cities,or let them die.And human beings do both—make cities and unmake them—by the same means:by acts of choice.We enjoy deluding ourselves in this as in other things.We enjoy believing that there are forces out there completely determining our fate,natural forces—or forces so strong and overwhelming as to be like natural forces—that send cities through organic or biological phases of birth,growth,and decay.We avoid the knowledge that cities are at best works of art,and at worst ungainly artifacts—but never flowers or even weeds—and that we,not some mysterious force or cosmic biological system,control the creation and life of a city.We control the creation and life of a city by the choices and agreements we make—the basic choice being,for instance,not to live alone,the basic agreement being to live together.When people choose to settle,like the starts,not wander like the moon,they create cities as sites and symbols of their choice to stop and their agreement not to separate.Now stasis and proximity,not movement and distance,define human relationships.Mutual defense,control of a river or harbor,shelter from natural forces—all these and other reasons may lead people to aggregate,but once congregated,they then live differently and become different.A city is not an extended family.That is a tribe or clan.A city is a collection of disparate families who agree to function:They agree to live as if they were as close in blood or ties of kinship as they are in physical proximity.Choosing life in an artifact,people agree to live in a state of similitude.A city is a place where ties of considerable pact,a city.If a family is an expression of continuity through biology, a city is an expression of continuity through will and imagination—through mental choices making artifice,not through physical reproduction.21.The author’s purpose is primarily to[A]identify the sources of popular discontent with cities[B]define the city as growing out of a social contract[C]illustrate the difference between cities and villages[D]compare cities with blood families(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码：1201总分值：100科目名称：英语22.The author cites the sentence“The neighborhoods are the vital cells of the urban organism”(Paragraph1)as[A]an example of one type of figurative languages[B]a simple statement of scientific fact[C]a momentary digression from his central thesis[D]a paradox with ironic implications23.The author’s attitude toward the statements quoted in“The city dies when industry flees”;“The neighborhoods are the vital cells of the urban organism”in Paragraph1is[A]respectful[B]ambivalent[C]skeptical[D]approving24.According to this passage,why is an anthill by definition unlike a city?[A]It can be casually destroyed by human beings.[B]Its inhabitants outnumber the inhabitants of even the largest city.[C]It is a work of instinct rather than of imagination.[D]It exists on a far smaller scale than any city does.25.Mutual defense,control of waterways,and shelter from the forces of nature are presented primarily an example of motives for people to[A]move away from their enemies[B]gather together in settlements[C]welcome help from their kinfolk[D]redefine their family relationshipsText2Democritus was fascinated by the question of what principle underlay the material universe and developed a solution that revealed the brilliance of his thought.Every material thing,Democritus believed,is made up of a finite number of discrete particles,or atoms,as he called them,whose joining together and subsequent separation account for the coming to be of things and for their passing away. The atoms themselves,he said,are infinite in number and eternal.They move,according to a necessary motion,in the void,which we would call space.Most of the main tenets of the atomism of Democritus were astonishingly modern.First,the atoms were invisibly small.They were all of the same stuff,or nature,but they came in a multitude of different shapes and sizes.Though impermeable(Democritus did not know that atoms could be split), they acted upon one another,aggregating and clinging to one another so as to produce the great variety of bodies that we see.The space outside the atoms was empty,a concept that most of Democritus’contemporaries could not accept.Second,the atoms were in perpetual motion,in every direction,throughout empty space.There is no above or below,before or behind,in empty space,said Democritus.In modern terms,empty space did not vary according to direction.This was an extremely sophisticated notion.(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码：1201总分值：100科目名称：英语Third,the continual motion of the atoms was inherent.They possessed what would call inertial mass.The notion that the atoms kept on moving without being pushed,besides being another remarkable intellectual concept,was not acceptable to Aristotle and others.Only the celestial bodies, Aristotle thought,kept on moving of any by themselves,because they were divine.The general refusal by Aristotle and his influential followers to accept the law of inertia stood as an obstacle to the development of physics for two thousand years.Fourth,weight or gravity was not a property of atoms or indeed of aggregates thereof.Here Democritus was as wrong as wrong could be.Whether Democritus was right or wrong about a fifth point is not definitely decided to this day. He held that the soul is breath and because breath is material,and therefore made up of atoms,so must the soul be.He maintained that,because the soul is a physical thing,it must be determined by physical laws;it cannot be free.Even the hardy thinkers who claim to accept this theory do not act as if they do. They may deny the innate freedom of others,but they act as if they believe in their own.The tension built up by this antinomy has proved to be fruitful over the centuries.However,the notion that the soul was material proved so unacceptable to both the Aristotelians and the Christians that for nearly two millennia the atomic hypothesis languished.26.According to Democritus,empty space_________.[A]does not exist with regard to atoms[B]is directionless with regard to the movement of atoms[C]is an erroneous notion concerning atoms[D]possesses inertial mass27.The author discusses the beliefs of Aristotle and his followers(in Paragraph4)in order to _________.[A]support the validity of Democritus’theories[B]note that influential individuals delayed the acceptance of scientific truth[C]highlight the accuracy of certain parts of Democritus’theory[D]add an element of philosophy into an otherwise scientific discussion28.It can be inferred from Democritus’inclusion of the soul in his theories of the material universe(in Paragraph6)that_____________.[A]philosophy,religion,and science were not always thought of as separate fields[B]scientists are often unsuccessful in making philosophical theories[C]his line of thinking was essentially unsound[D]he was attempting his thinking with that of Aristotle29.Democritus would most likely believe that which of the following would explain the life cycle of a flower?[A]A unique type of matter is drawn to a point in the void and takes root[B]The constant motion of atoms produces the illusion of a flower[C]The same material that composes the soul also breathes life into plants[D]Atoms come together as the flower grows and disperse as it dies.(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码：1201总分值：100科目名称：英语30.Which is mot analogous to a“hardy thinkers”(in Paragraph6)view of the soul?[A]A politician’s practice of using public transportation because that is how everyone in his citytravels[B]A doctor’s recommendation that his patient quit smoking to improve the patient’s health whilethe doctor smokes a pack a day[C]A mother taking her daughter to ballet practice every day because the mother never had thatopportunity as a child[D]A museum curator deciding not to run an exhibition because he believes the public will notenjoy itText3The definition of aesthetic pleasure is a popular subject for many different fields.In the following, adapted from an article found in a science journal,a physicist discusses the unique perspective that his discipline allows him.Since time immemorial,countless scholars have asked the question:What is beauty?As philosophers engage in weighty discourses,designers update the latest fashions,and artists create their masterpieces,what is considered beautiful changes at an alarming pace.Fifty years ago,the full-figured Marilyn Monroe embodied the American aesthetic value;today,a legion of Hollywood actresses vastly different in appearance from Marilyn's have taken her place.However,aesthetic values not only differ from generation to generation,but do so along cultural lines as well.The conventions that govern painting and music vary greatly from East to West.Often,what is considered repellent to one civilization is the pinnacle of aesthetic appeal in another.Thus,when left to the sphere of human design,the search for an absolute definition of beauty remains an elusive one at best.As fundamental physicists,my colleagues and I like to believe that we are involved in a search for a beauty that does not remain impervious to definition.The beauty that we search for is not that which is laid down through the work of people and subject to ephemeral tastes,but rather that which has been established by Nature.Those not involved with physics tend to think of it as a precise and predictive science–certainly not a field of study fit for the contemplation of the beautiful.Yet one of physics’greatest gifts is that it allows its students to look past extrinsic appearances,into a more overwhelming beauty.As a human being,I am captivated by the visual appeal of a wave crashing on the beach.As a physicist however,I possess the ability to be captivated by the much deeper beauty of the physical laws that govern such a phenomenon.Where the non-physicist sees a lovely but inexplicable event,the well-schooled physicist is able to perceive a brilliant design.In truth,since the day that Albert Einstein first proposed the notion that there might be one overarching physical theory that governs the universe,aesthetics have become a driving force in modern physics.What Einstein and we,as his intellectual descendants,have discovered is this:Nature, as its most fundamental level,is beautifully constructed.The remarkable simplicity of the laws that governs the universe is,at times,nothing short of breath-taking.And at every step,as new discoveries and technologies allow us to examine the physical world on deeper and deeper levels,we find that the beauty itself becomes more profound.As Einstein himself said,it would seem more likely that we should find ourselves living a“chaotic world,in no way graspable through thinking.”Yet here we are, closer than ever to a full understanding of the universe’s beautiful clockwork.(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码：1201总分值：100科目名称：英语31.The reference to“Marilyn Monroe”in Paragraph1primarily serves to[A]Provide an example of today’s standards of beauty[B]Discuss her abilities as an actress[C]Demonstrate how susceptible aesthetics are to change[D]Compare traditions of East and West32.The author’s assertion in Paragraph1(“what is considered repellent…in another”)suggests that[A]cultures are naturally destined to clash[B]many civilizations are prone to disgusting behavior[C]individuals tend to disagree on what they find beautiful[D]it is nearly impossible to say what is truly beautiful33.As used in Paragraph2,the phrase“laid down”most nearly means[A]created[B]rested[C]slept[D]secured34.The author uses the words“ephemeral”and“Nature”(Paragraph2)in order to[A]contrast the concept of impermanent beauty with the beauty for which physics searches[B]evaluate the effectiveness of physics as an art form[C]discuss how physicists visualize beauty[D]criticize people who don’t understand physics35.In the course of outlining the various gifts of physics,the author cites all of the following EXCEPT[A]the ability to look for a beauty that is unchanging[B]appreciating the visual beauty of a wave crashing[C]a grater comprehension of Nature’s ways[D]seeing a deeper design in natural eventsText4We all have offensive breath at one time or another.In most cases,offensive breath emanates from bacteria in the mouth,although there are other,more surprising causes.Until a few years ago,the most doctors could do was to counsel patients with bad breath about oral cleanliness.Now they are finding new ways to treat the usually curable condition.Bad breath can happen whenever the normal flow of saliva slows.Our mouths are full of bacteria feeding on protein in bits of food and shed tissue.The bacteria emit evil-smelling gases,the rest of which is hydrogen sulfide.Mouth bacteria thrive in airless conditions.Oxygen-rich saliva keeps their numbers down.When we sleep,for example,the saliva stream slows,and sulfur-producing bacteria gain the upper hand,producing classis“morning breath”.Alcohol,hunger,too much talking,breathing through the mouth during exercise–anything that dries the mouth produces bad breath.So can stress, though it’s not understood why.Some people’s breath turns sour every time they go on a job interview. Saliva flow gradually slows with age,which explains why the elderly have more bad-breath trouble than younger people do.Babies,however,who make plenty of saliva and whose mouths contain(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码：1201总分值：100科目名称：英语relatively few bacteria have characteristically sweet breath.For most of us,the simple,dry-mouth variety of a bad breath is easily cured.Eating or drinking starts saliva and sweeps away many of the bacteria.Breakfast often stops morning breath.Those with chronic dry mouth find that it helps to keep gum,hard candy,or a bottle of water or juice around. Brushing the teeth wipes out dry-mouth bad breath because it clears away many of the offending bacteria.Surprisingly,one thing that rarely works is mouthwash.The liquid can mask bad-breath odor with its own smell,but the effect lasts no more than an hour.Some mouthwashes claim to kill the bacteria responsible for bad breath.The trouble is,they don’t necessarily reach all offending germs.Most bacteria are well protected from mouthwash under thick layers of mucus.If the mouthwash contains alcohol–as most do–it can intensify the problem by drying out the mouth.36.The phrase“emanate from”in Paragraph1most probably means“____”.[A]thrive on[B]account for[C]originate from[D]descend from37.Which of the following is mentioned as one of the causes of bad breath?[A]Tooth trouble[B]Sulfur-fish food[C]Too much exercise[D]Mental strain38.According to the passage,alcohol has something to do with bad breath mainly because[A]it keeps offending bacteria from reproducing.[B]its smell adds to bad death.[C]it kills some helpful bacteria.[D]it affects the normal flow of saliva.39.Mouth washes are not an effective cure for bad breath mainly because[A]they can’t mask the bad odor long enough.[B]they can’t get to all the offending bacteria.[C]their strong smell mixes with bad breath and makes it worse.[D]they can’t cover the thick layers of mucus.40.We can infer from this passage that[A]offensive breath can’t easily be cured.[B]elderly people are less offended by bad breath.[C]heavy drinkers are less affected by bad breath.[D]offensive breath is less affected by alcohol.(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码：1201总分值：100科目名称：英语Part BDirections:In the following text,some sentences have been removed.For Questions41-45,choose the most suitable one from the list A-F to fit into each of the numbered blanks.There is one extra choice,which does not fit in any of the blanks.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)If you shop at Westfield,you’ve probably been scanned and recorded by dozens of hidden cameras built into the centres’digital advertising billboards.The semi-camouflaged cameras can determine not only your age and gender but your mood,cueing up tailored advertisements within seconds,thanks to facial detection technology.Westfield’s Smartscreen network was developed by the French software firm Quividi back in2015.(41)And once the billboards have your attention they hit record,sharing your reaction with advertisers. Quividi says their billboards can distinguish shoppers’gender with90%precision,five categories of mood from“very happy to very unhappy”and customers’age within a five-year bracket.Mood is a particularly valuable insight for advertisers,revealing shoppers’general sentiment towards a brand and how they feel in particular stores at certain times of the day.(42)(43)Scentre Group,Westfield Australia’s parent company,emphasises that all data collected is anonymous and that they are using facial detection,not facial recognition technology(FRT).This means generic information such as a shopper’s age and gender is collected rather than the technology using photo-matching databases to identify who customers are.A spokesperson would not confirm whether or not Westfield would consider using FRT in the future.(44)Quividi’s host of international clients include Telstra,7-Eleven,Coca-Cola,oOH Media and HSBC bank.Terry Hartmann,vice president of Cognitec Asia Pacific,the company that develops “market-leading face recognition technologies for customers and government agencies around the world”,says using facial detection commercially is no different to Facebook’s manipulation of users’online search history for targeted advertising.“You’re not identifying who that person is,you’re just identifying the characteristics of that person.(45)”A.There are now more than1,600billboards installed into41Westfield centres across Australia andNew Zealand.B.But Microsoft has acknowledged the concerns about FRT and called for greater governmentregulation of the use of this technology.C.Their discreet cameras capture blurry images of shoppers and apply statistical analysis to identifyaudience demographics.D.That’s no different to Facebook popping up ads you might be interested in and social media pickingup people based on their clicking habits or the shopping that they’ve done.E.Retail companies are increasingly turning to facial detection and facial recognition software toattract and engage a distracted audience.F.Unlike gender and age,mood is harder to determine,sitting at around80%accuracy.(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码：1201总分值：100科目名称：英语Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)For many years,Wisconsin had one of the finest public-university systems in the country.(46)It was built on an idea:that the university’s influence should not end at the campus’s borders,that professors—and the students they taught—should“search for truth”to help state legislators write laws, aid the community with technical skills,and generally improve the quality of life across the state.Many people attribute the Wisconsin Idea,as it is known,to Charles Van Hise,the president of the University of Wisconsin from1903to1918.(47)“I shall never be content until the beneficent influence of the University reaches every family of the state,”Hise said in an address in1905.“If our beloved institution reaches this ideal it will be the first perfect state university.”His idea was written into the mission of the state’s university system,and over time that system became a model for what public higher education could be.(48)But the backbone of the idea almost went away in2015,when Governor Scott Walker released his administration’s budget proposal,which included a change to the university’s mission.The Wisconsin Idea would be tweaked.The“search for truth”would be cut in favor of a charge to“meet the state’s workforce needs.”To those outside Wisconsin,the proposed change might have seemed small.After all,what’s so bad about an educational system that propels people into a high-tech economy?(49)But to many Wisconsinites,the change struck at the heart of the state’s identity.They argued that the idea—with its core tenets of truth,public service,and“improving the human condition”—is what makes Wisconsin, Wisconsin.(50)Walker ultimately scrapped his attempt to alter the Wisconsin Idea,claiming that his administration hadn’t meant to change it,that it was just a“drafting error.”And so the Wisconsin Idea was preserved—at least in an official sense.But though the words survived intact,many Wisconsinites believe that in the years since,the change Walker had proposed has taken place nevertheless.And one of the state’s institutions,the University of Wisconsin at Stevens Point,is the epicenter of that change.In mid-November,the university announced its plans to stop offering six liberal-arts majors,including geography,geology,French,German,two-and three-dimensional art,and history.The plan stunned observers,many of whom argued that at a time when Nazism is resurgent,society needs for people to know history,even if the economy might not.…(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码：1201总分值：100科目名称：英语Section III Writing51.Directions:Carefully read the following passage and write a short composition of about250to300 words.You should write the composition on the ANSWER SHEET.Note that your score will be awarded mainly on the base of content,logic,style and language.(30%) Chinese film star Zhai Tianlin,who apologised publicly for his academic misconduct after being accused of plagiarism,has been stripped of his PhD by the Beijing Film Academy and expelled by Peking University from a two-year doctoral research programme at the Guanghua School of Management.This has brought to an end Zhai’s persona as a“xueba”,a popular Chinese term for an academic overachiever.Does the plagiarism scandal of Zhai Tianlin exert any disastrous impacts on Chinese education and society?An argumentative is expected to support your viewpoint.The end of the test。

2019年宁波大学博士研究生招生考试初试科目考试大纲科目代码、名称: 3814生物信息及医学图像处理一、考试形式与试卷结构（一）试卷满分值及考试时间本试卷满分为100分，考试时间为180分钟。

（二）答题方式答题方式为闭卷、笔试。

试卷由试题和答题纸组成；答案必须写在答题纸相应的位置上。

（三）试卷内容结构考试内容主要是医学影像学、影像分析以及计算机辅助诊断等方面的基本原理、算法、技术及应用。

（四）试卷题型结构试卷题型为简答题、算法设计及分析应用题等。

二、考查目标课程考试的目的在于测试考生对于医学影像学、医学影像处理以及基于医学影像辅助诊断等方面的基础知识掌握情况，以及医学影像处理算法及其在基于AI的计算机辅助诊断方面的综合分析和解决问题的能力。

三、考查范围或考试内容概要考试内容概要：1、医学图像存储与传输系统（PACS）的基本概念，包括：DICOM标准；人体X线、CT和MR图像特点；骨骼系统疾病的X线、CT和MR诊断；胸部疾病（包括呼吸、循环系统及乳腺疾病）的X线、CT和MR诊断；腹部疾病的X线、CT和MR诊断；神经系统疾病的CT和MR诊断；2、医学图像基本概念、图像类型及文件存储格式等，包括：医学图像直方图、编码、图像基本运算、医学图像插值；医学图像增强等。

3、医学图像处理算法及基本应用，包括：医学图像分割；医学图像配准；医学图像可视化技术、基于医学图像分析的辅助诊断方法等。

参考教材或主要参考书：1、医学图像处理；聂生东，邱建峰，郑建立主编；复旦大学出版社；出版时间:2011；2、医学影像图像处理实践教程；邱建峰,聂生东主编；清华大学出版社；出版时间:2013。

2019年宁波大学博士研究生招生考试初试科目考试大纲科目代码、名称: 3827外科学一、考试形式与试卷结构（一）试卷满分值及考试时间本试卷满分为100分，考试时间为180分钟。

（二）答题方式答题方式为闭卷、笔试。

试卷由试题和答题纸组成；答案必须写在答题纸（由考点提供）相应的位置上。

（三）试卷内容结构考试内容主要包括掌握包括外科基础、外科常见疾病和外科手术学等方面的内容。

其中外科基础论述需要掌握外科的基础理论和基本技能。

外科常见疾病掌握其原因、发展规律、病理、临床表现、系统检查、诊断要点、鉴别诊断、预防和治疗原则、手术适应症等。

手术学掌握基本手术操作的知识体系和技能。

（四）试卷题型结构1.名词解释2.选择题3.简答题4.病例分析题二、考查目标考试的目的在于考核考生对临床医学的基本理论、基本原理和基本知识的掌握程度。

三、考查范围或考试内容概要（一）《外科学》(第8版)第01章绪论第03章外科病人的体液失调第04章输血第05章外科休克第06章多器官功能障碍综合征第08章重症监测治疗与复苏第09章疼痛治疗第10章围手术期处理第11章外科病人的营养代谢第12章外科感染第13章创伤第14章烧伤、冷伤、咬鳌伤第15章显微外科第16章肿瘤第17章移植第18章内镜外科第19章颅内压增高和脑疝第20章颅脑损伤第21章颅脑和脊髓先天性畸形第22章颅内和椎管内肿瘤第23章颅内和椎管内血管性疾病第24章颈部疾病第25章乳房疾病第26章胸部损伤第27章胸壁疾病第28章脓胸第29章肺部疾病第31章原发性纵隔肿瘤第32章心脏疾病第33章胸主动脉瘤第34章腹外疝第35章腹部损伤第36章急性化脓性腹膜炎第37章胃十二指肠疾病第38章小肠疾病第39章阑尾疾病第40章结、直肠与肛管疾病第41章肝疾病第42章门静脉高压症第43章胆道疾病第44章消化道大出血的鉴别第45章急腹症的诊断与鉴别诊断第46章胰腺疾病第47章脾疾病第48章动脉瘤第49章周围血管和淋巴管疾病第50章泌尿、男生殖系统外科检查和诊断第51章泌尿、男生殖系统先天性畸形第52章泌尿系统损伤第53章泌尿、男生殖系统感染第54章泌尿、男生殖系统结核第55章泌尿系统梗阻第56章尿石症第57章泌尿、男生殖系统肿瘤第58章泌尿、男生殖系统的其他疾病第59章肾上腺疾病的外科治疗第60章男性性功能障碍、不育和节育第61章骨折概论第62章上肢骨、关节损伤第63章手外伤及断肢（指）再植第64章下肢骨、关节损伤第65章脊柱和骨盆骨折第66章周围神经损伤第67章运动系统慢性损伤第68章腰腿痛和颈肩痛第69章骨与关节化脓性感染第70章骨与关节结核第71章非化脓性关节炎第72章运动系统畸形第73章骨肿瘤（二）《克氏外科学》(第19版)第1篇外科学基本理论第2篇围术期处理第3篇创伤和急救第4篇移植和免疫学第5篇肿瘤外科学第6篇头颈部第7篇乳房第8篇内分泌第9篇食管第10篇腹部第11篇胸部第12篇血管第13篇与普通外科相关的外科专科参考教材或主要参考书：1.《外科学》,陈孝平，汪建平,人民卫生出版社, 第8版，2015年10月。