本科英语语法—将来
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一般将来时1.be going to do 1) 主观打算2)表示某种可能性I am going to check my email this evening 我打算今晚查看一下电子邮件Are you going to take a walk 你要去散步吗?The little boy is going to be fall over. 小男孩要摔倒了。
It is going to rain soon .马上要下雨了He is going to spend his holidays in London . 他打算在伦敦度假。
2.will do 1)往往指没有经过计划,纯粹的将来的动作I shall / will not be free tomorrow .我明天没空2)常伴有说话者的主观意愿I hope it will be sunny tomorrow.3)客观必然性Next Sunday, they will have been in England for a year. 到下个星期天,她们到英格兰就有一年了3.be to do 表示正式的计划,职责,义务You homework is to be handed in next Monday .hand sth in 把某物上交hand sth in to sb 把某物上交给某人The new bridge is to open to traffic in three days. 新桥三天后通车。
You are not to bring any mobile communication means into the exam-room . 任何移动通讯工具都不得带入考场。
communication 名词通讯,交流,沟通means 名词方法,手段,工具a means of doing sthDo you have any means of transport?Is there any means of contacting your husband?4.be about to 表示立刻,马上,即将,很快就会做某事The film is about to start. 电影马上就要开始了I was just about to explain when she interrupted me我刚要解释,她就打断了我的话5.be doing 当谓语动词是go come start leave begin 可用be doing 表示将来时,I am leaving tomorrow 我明天要离开了练习( ) 1. There __________ a meeting tomorrow afternoon.A. will be going toB. will going to beC. is going to beD. will go to be( ) 2. Charlie ________ here next month.A. isn't workingB. doesn't workingC. isn't going to workingD. won't work( ) 3. He ________ very busy this week, he ________ free next week.A. will be; isB. is; isC. will be; will beD. is; will be( ) 4. There ________ a dolphin show in the zoo tomorrow evening.A. wasB. is going to haveC. will haveD. is going to be( ) 5. -_____ you ______ free tomorrow? - No. I _____ free the day after tomorrow.A. Are; going to; willB. Are; going to be; willC. Are; going to; will beD. Are; going to be; will be( ) 6. Mother ________ me a nice present on my next birthday.A. will givesB. will giveC. givesD. give( ) 7. - Shall I buy a cup of tea for you? -________. (不,不要。
将来时态的构成与表达【将来时态的构成与表达】在英语语法中,将来时态用于表达将来发生的动作、事件或状态。
本文将详细介绍将来时态的构成和表达方式。
一、将来时态的构成将来时态的构成主要有以下三种形式:1. "will" + 动词原形例如:- I will go to the party tomorrow.- She will start her new job next week.2. "be going to" + 动词原形例如:- They are going to travel to Europe next month.- We are going to have a meeting after lunch.3. 现在进行时的形式(表示预定或已安排的将来事件)例如:- I am seeing a movie tonight.- He is leaving for vacation next week.二、将来时态的用法和表达方式将来时态主要用于以下几种情况:1. 表示将来的意愿、打算或决定例如:- I will study harder for the exam next semester.- She will visit her grandparents during the summer break.2. 表示预测和推测例如:- It will rain tomorrow, so don't forget to bring an umbrella. - The concert will be a great success.3. 表示计划或安排的活动例如:- We are going to have a party to celebrate his birthday.- They will meet at the park for a picnic this weekend.4. 表示一种习惯或重复性的动作例如:- He will usually go for a run in the morning.- They will often go shopping together on weekends.5. 表示将来的条件和可能性例如:- If it snows tomorrow, I will stay at home.- She might come to the meeting, but she hasn't confirmed yet.总结:将来时态可以用"will"、"be going to"或现在进行时的形式来构成。
英语语法现在将来时详细讲解将来进行时:主要表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作,或表示要在将来某一时间开始,并继续下去的动作。
语法构成:将来进行时是由“shall/will+be+现在分词”构成的。
例如:Don't phone me between 8:00 and 10:00.We'll be having classes then.(8点到10点之间不要给我打电话,我们那时正在上课。
)基本用法:表示在将来某一时间正在进行的动作。
例如:The minister will be giving a speech on international affairs.(部长将就国际事务发表演讲。
)特殊用法:1.将来进行时表事情的发展:例如:I'll be seeing Mr.Smith tomorrow.(我明天将见到史密斯先生。
)注意:有时这种时态含有一种附带的意思,语气较为委婉。
例如:I'll be finishing it.(我一会儿就完了。
)附带的含义可能是“过一会儿你就会拿到它了。
”2.将来进行时表原因、结果、可能:表原因——Please come tomorrow afternoon.T omorrow morning I'll be having meeting.(请你明天下午来吧。
明天上午我有一个会。
)表结果——If I fail to appear by 7 o'clock,I will not be coming at all.(如果我七点钟不到,我就不会来了。
)表可能——He will be telling you about it tonight.(他今晚会告诉你这件事。
)3.将来进行时表委婉:例如:Will you be needing anything else?(你还需要什么吗?)4.将来进行时与将来一般时连用:将来进行时常可置于将来一般时之后表稍靠后的`安排。
英语语法什么是将来进行时将来进行时是英语中表示将来某一时间点或某一时间段内正在进行的动作或状态的时态。
它由助动词"will be"加上动词的现在分词形式构成。
将来进行时强调的是将来某一时刻或时间段内正在进行的动作,具有一种将来进行的意味。
将来进行时的构成:主语+ will be + 动词的现在分词形式例如:- I will be studying tomorrow.(明天我将在学习)- They will be playing football this weekend.(他们将在本周末踢足球)- She will be working on her project all day.(她将整天在做她的项目)将来进行时的用法:1. 表示未来某一时刻正在进行的动作:- This time tomorrow, I will be flying to Paris.(明天这个时候,我将在飞往巴黎的路上)- At 8 p.m. tonight, they will be having dinner.(今晚8点,他们将在吃晚餐)2. 表示未来某一时间段内正在进行的动作:- I will be working on this project all week.(我将整个星期都在做这个项目)- They will be traveling around Europe for two months.(他们将在欧洲旅行两个月)3. 表示对未来某事的推测或预测:- She will be studying hard for the exam.(她将会为考试努力学习)- I think he will be playing basketball at the park.(我认为他将在公园里打篮球)4. 表示对未来的安排或计划:- We will be meeting at the café at 7 p.m. tomorrow.(明天晚上7点我们将在咖啡馆见面)- They will be staying at a hotel in London for the weekend.(他们将在伦敦的一家酒店度过周末)需要注意的是,将来进行时通常用于表示按计划或安排将要发生的事情,而不是预测或推测的事情。
第13讲将来时间表示法13.1 表示将来时间的多种结构1.will/shall+不定式这种结构通常用来表示将来时间。
will用于第一、二、三人称主语,shall用于第一人称主语,都可表示将来,但常夹杂说话人的主管态度和看法,比如表示“预见”:You will feel better after taking this medicine.We shall know the result next week.有时既表示将来,也含有“意愿”或“意图”:I will do it, if you like.在疑问句中,will/shall还可用来征询听话人的“意图”:When shall we see you next?2.will/shall+不定式进行体/完成体“will/shall+不定时进行体”可以用于表示“纯粹”将来,通常带有“自然要发生”的含义,因而不包含“意愿”、“意图”等情态意义:I shall be writing to you soon.“will/shall+不定时进行体”也可以表示将来某一时刻或时段里正在进行的动作:I will be working in Geneva during May.如果要表示将来某一时刻之前业已完成的动作便可用“will/shall+不定式完成体”:Before long he will have forgotten all about it.如果要表示一个已经开始的动作到将来某一事件仍在进行,便可用“will/shall+不定式完成进行体”:By the end of next month I shall have been working here for 20 years exactly.但是这三种结构在一定语气中也可能并不表示“将来”,而仅表示说话人的揣测:Hurry up. They will be waiting.(快点吧,他们一定在等我们。
英语语法⼊门⼆⼗四(⼀般将来时态)⼆⼗四、⼀般将来时态1、句⼦构成⽅式⼀般将来时态⽤在表⽰即将要发⽣的动作和状态的句⼦⾥⾯。
也可以说,这些动作和状态还没有发⽣,但是在将来的某个时候要发⽣。
将来时态,就是要⽤来谈论计划。
将来时态的构成⽅式简单,但是有两种构成⽅式,容易混淆。
第⼀种是由助动词“will”构成,第⼆种是由助动词“be going to”构成。
其实“will”和“be going to”是⼀样的,都是助动词,没有意思,作⽤也是⼀样的。
⼀般将来时态状态的句⼦构成⽅式⼀般将来时态“主语+Be+表语”的句⼦,只要把系动词“be”变成“will be”,然后加上表⽰将来的时间状语,就可以了,主语和表语不需要发⽣变化(当然,如果是可数名词作主语或表语,要考虑可数名词本⾝的规则),⽽且主语的⼈称和单复数也不受谓语变化的影响,也就是说,不管主语是什么⼈称,不管是单数还是复数,都是“will be + 主语”。
构成⽅式如下:主语 + will be + 表语 + 表将来的时间状语可以把“主语+will be +表语 + 表⽰将来时间状语”这个句型分成四个更具体详细的⼩句型:⼈称代词主格(主语) +will be + 形容词(表语) + 时间状语先⽤tomorrow和in the future作时间状语⽰范不管主语是哪⼀个⼈称代词主格,都是直接⽤“助动词 will +系动词原型 be”,然后直接从形容词表格⾥⾯挑选⼀个合适的形容词作表语,就可以构成⼀个简单的⼀般将来时态的句⼦。
I will be busy tomorrow. 我明天会忙。
You will be rich in the future. 你/你们将来会有钱的。
He will be happy tomorrow. 他明天会开⼼的。
It will be big in the future. 它以后会变⼤的。
We will be famous in the future. 我们以后会出名的。
英语语法-过去时、现在时、将来时
过去时 (Past tense): 过去时用来表示过去发生的动作、事件或状态,表示动作或状态在过去某个时间点或时间段内已经完成或结束。
例句:
- I studied English yesterday. (昨天我学习了英语。
)
- She went to the beach last summer. (她去年夏天去了海滩。
) - We lived in that house for 5 years. (我们在那个房子里住了5年。
)
现在时 (Present tense): 现在时用来表示当前发生的动作、事件或状态,表示现在正在进行或经常性发生的动作或状态。
例句:
- Tom is reading a book now. (汤姆正在读书。
)
- They play tennis every Saturday. (他们每个星期六打网球。
) - The sun rises in the east. (太阳从东方升起。
)
将来时 (Future tense): 将来时用来表示将来发生的动作、事件或状态,表示即将要发生的动作或状态。
例句:
- I will go to the party tomorrow. (明天我将去参加聚会。
)
- She is going to travel abroad next month. (她下个月准备出国旅游。
)
- They are having a meeting later this afternoon. (今天下午他们将开会。
)。
本科·英语语法·将来
如果将英语的时态体系归纳为“两时”“两体”,我们可以看到英语没有将来时,但并不意味着英语不能表达将来的时间。
其实两时两体中也有表达将来的句法,另外,将来可用各种形式来表示。
一、表达将来的现在进行体
(1)作为将来时间的表示方法,现在进行体指的是作为现在计划的结果、将来所发生的事件,暗含着已经为将来发生的事件作了一定的准备。
I. They are leaving tomorrow morning.
II. Australia is hosting the Olympic Games in 2000.
(2)由于现在进行体经常主要用来表达现在折时间,所以在表达将来时间时,它经常有一个时间状语。
在表示超过人能力之外的将来要发生的事情,它不再有计划将来要发生某事的意思同,这时便不可以用现在进行体表示将来:
I. I t’s raining tomorrow. (×)
II. The trees are losing their leaves soon. (×)
(3)我们可以将be going to do(表达“计划”,“意图”时)/be to do sth理解成进行体的变体,为此二者可以互用(下面的两句话表达同一个意思):
I. We’re having a party tonight.
II. W e’re going to have a party tonight.
III. The mayor is to visit our school tomorrow.
IV. There is to be a police investigation. (不受时间状语的限制亦可用)
二、表达将来的一般现在时
(1)如果我们对将来的某些事件或行为的发生很有把握,比如由日历或时刻表事先确定好的事情,就可以用一般现在时表示非常肯定的将来:
I. Next bank holiday falls on Aug. 4th.
II. T omorrow is Saturday.
III. School begins at the first day of Sep.
IV. The train leaves at 8 this evening.
(2)显而易见,对于那些不能保证发生或很容易受阻的将来发生的事情,
用一般现在时是不合适的:
I. It rains tomorrow(×)
II. He comes tomorrow. (×)
三、其它表示将来的句法结构
(1)was/ were going to
可以用来指推测性或非推测性意义,只是时间改变而已。
这里值得注意的是,当其作为非推测性表达方法时,它时常暗含着某种意图没实现:
I. We were going to call on you yesterday, but we had visitors ourselves.
II. I was going to finish the novel last night, but I was just too tired.
(2)will (shall) be doing sth.
有两种用法,其一表示指与将来时间有联系的持续动作:
I. I’ll be waiting for you at the station when you arrive.
II. What will you be doing at this time tomorrow.
其二,指认为将来当然要发生的事,它有助于避免被看做是自己的意图或意志:
I. When will you be apologizing to her?
II. I’ll be driving at 65 miles an hour.
句I似乎比when will you apologize to her更巧妙,句II给人的印象是每小时驾驶65小时似乎是很平常的速度,而I’ll drive at 65 miles an hour听起来则像是发誓。
(3)be about to do sth.
常常用来表示不久的将来:
I. The bus is about to leave.
II. The shop is about to open.
用过去时,它用来指就要发生的事,但实际上并未发生:
I. I was about to leave when she come.
II. He was about to tell the truth when they killed him.
最后我们指出,将来仍可以用其它不同的动词句法来表达,比如情态助动词may, can等,半助动词be sure to, be bound to等。