2精编高中英语高三二轮复习：定语从句考点详解

定语从句（复习）The Attributive clause教学目标：1.复习定语从句的定义及相关术语2.比较关系代词与关系副词的用法3.比较定语从句与其他句型的异同（一）定义及相关术语1.定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。

定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。

2.先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。

3.关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。

关系词有关系代词和关系副词关系代词有: that, which, who, whom, whose,as等关系副词有: when, where, why关系词通常有下列三个作用：A.引导定语从句B.代替先行词；C.在定语从句中担当一个成分The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman.（二）关系代词与关系副词的区别1). a. The reason _______he missed the speech is that he forgot the time.b. The reason_____________he gave us sounded reasonable.2). a. I’ll never forget the day ____________we spent together in Paris.b. I’ll remember the day________we stayed together at that time.3). a. Is this the factory______________ we visited last year?b. Is this the house _________Lincoln once lived?c. Is this house ________ we visited last year?解题点拨:Let’s have a try(抢答大战)1) He has got himself into a dangerous situation___he is likely to lose control over the plane.A. whereB. whichC. whileD. why2) We are living in an age _____ many things are done on computer.(’03春招）A. whichB. thatC. whoseD. when3) There were dirty marks on her trousers______ she had wiped her hands.(’04吉林)A. whereB. whichC. whenD. that4) We visited the factory ______ makes toys for children.A. whereB. whichC. in whichD. at which拓展1：介词与关系代词1).This is the reason ___ _____________ he left his hometown.2). I’ll never forget the day ___ ____________we stayed together3).This is the girl ______ _______I learned the news.4). This is the girl _____ is taken good care ___ in the hospital.5).I’ll show you a store___ ____________ you may buy all that you need.6).I don’t like the way__ ___________ you laughed at her.解题点拨：拓展2：as 与which的区别1).The meeting, _______was held in the park, was a great success.2). I will read as many books_____are required. .3). She has married again, _______ was unexpected4). ___is known to us all, Taiwan is a part of China.解题点拨：（三）关系代词“that”专用区1.当先行词是everything, anything, nothing , all, none, few, little, some等代词时，或当先行词受every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等代词修饰时。

2021届高三英语二轮复习专题二定语从句（1）考点细则1. 只用which 不用that引导定语从句的情况(1) 当关系代词前面有介词或介词短语时。

(2) 引导非限制性定语从句或指代前面整个句子或句子的部分内容时。

(3) 当关系代词后面有插入语时。

2. 只用that不用which引导定语从句的情况(1) 当先行词是everything, anything, nothing, all, none, few, little, some等不定代词时。

(2) 当先行词被序数词、形容词最高级或the very, the right, the last, the only, any, every, no, all, few, little, much等词修饰时。

(3) 当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时。

(4) 当先行词既有人又有物时。

(5) 当有两个定语从句时，其中一个用关系代词which，另一个宜用that。

3. 关系代词as 的两种典型用法(1) as用作关系代词引导限制性定语从句，并在从句中作宾语、表语等，可构成the same…as…, such/so…as…等结构。

(2) as也可以引导非限制性定语从句，意为“正如”。

as在定语从句中作主语、表语或宾语，这个定语从句说明整个句子，可以放在主句之前。

常用的这种类似插入语的句式有：as is said above, as is already mentioned above; as is often the case, as is discovered, as is reported in the newspaper/ paper, as anybody can see; as often happens etc.4. 选择“介词+关系代词”中的介词的4种常见情形(1) 和先行词的固定搭配。

(2) 根据定语从句中的动词习惯搭配来确定。

(3) 根据定语从句中的形容词习惯搭配来确定。

高考英语语法复习定语从句知识讲解一、概念定义：用来说明主句中某一名词或代词（有时也可说明整个主句或主句中一部分）而起定语作用的句子叫做定语从句。

简单地讲：定语从句就是修饰名词或代词的作定语的句子。

大家要清楚一个概念，那就是它就相当于一个形容词，作后置定语，所以定语从句通常又被称为形容词性从句。

可以解释为什么什么样的人或物。

☆前置形容词的位置顺序：Op sh a c o m （记住这个无意义的单词）: opinion shape age colour origin materialtwo very nice small French wooden chairsan interesting little red French oil painting定语从句的位置只能放在它所修饰词的后面，被修饰的词我们叫它“先行词”。

Tom, who is 17, is my classmate.Tom is my classmate, who is 17.（Tom就是先行词）二、结构被修饰的名词 / 代词 + 关系词 + 从句"被修饰的名词/代词“ = "先行词"这儿要强调的是先行词只能是名词或代词“先行词”与“关系词”之间实质上是互等、互换的关系。

关系词的作用就是将先行词所表达意义“代到”从句中来起作用。

“先行词”往往是分别重复出现在两个句中(主句和从句)的名词或代词。

先行词可以看成区别定语从句和名词性从句的标记。

看以下两句：That’s all that I have told him. 此句为定语从句，先行词为allThat’s what I have told him. 此句为表语从句，由what引导，没有先行词。

★那为什么一定要有关系词呢？关系词可以看作是连接主句和从句的桥梁，它指代先行词在从句中充当一个句子成份。

这就体现了英语句子的链形结构，英语的句子逻辑性很强，就象一环扣一环的链条。

高三英语二轮复习重难点语法之定语从句讲解课件(共58张PPT)(共58张PPT)定语从句概念定语可以是形容词、名词、代词、数词、分词、副词、不定式以及介词短语和句子，定语从句在句中的作用相当于形容词，所以又称为形容词性从句。

P86概念I admire Zhong Nanshan [who is devoted himself to medicine in China].先行词关系词定语从句一．关系词定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词，连接先行词与从句的词叫关系词。

关系词分为关系代词和关系副词。

1.who/whom，两者都指人，who可以做定语从句的主语和宾语，而whom作宾语。

大部分情况whom可以用who代替，但是从句作介词宾语，且直接跟在介词后面，只能用whom。

P123-1关系代词：He is the man who lives next door.Some people who are successful language learnersoften fail in other fields.Yesterday I came across the man about whom youtalked last time.常用介词：of,on,at, from, with, in, for1. The man ____ visited our school yesterday is from London.A. whoB. whichC. whomD. when2.whose一般指人，但有时也指物，在定语从句中做定语。

指物时，whose+名词= 限定词+名词+of which或者of which+限定词+名词Do you know the girl whose Japanese is excellentPlease pass me the book whose cover is green.= Please pass me the book the cover of which is green.Do you work near the building ____ colour is yellowA. thatB. whichC. itsD. whose3.which一般指物，作定语从句的主语、宾语等The train which has just left is for Hangzhou.2. Tom did not take away the camera although it was just the same camera ____ he lost last week.A. whichB. thatC. whomD. as4.that可指人，也可指物，指人可以与who/whom互换，指物可以与which互换。

学习资料高考英语二轮复习定语从句考点讲解含解析班级：科目：定语从句知识点一、定语从句与并列句的区别请观察下面三个句子：1．Wang Hong failed in the College Entrance Examination, ______ disappointed his mother.2．Wang Hong failed in the College Entrance Examination and ______ disappointed his mother。

3．Wang Hong failed in the College Entrance Examination; ______ disappointed his mother。

第一句话:句中有逗号，根据句意可知，空白处的内容应该指的是前面整个句子的内容，是对前文信息的补充说明，因此,此句是非限制性定语从句，用关系代词which；第二句话：句中有并列连词and，因此整个句子是一个并列句，所以可以用代词it指代前面句子的内容。

第三句话：句中有分号，这表明整个句子是一个并列句，因此可以用代词it指代前面句子的内容。

【解题技巧】判断是定语从句还是并列句，要注意句中的标点符号和句中的连接词。

如果句与句之间有连词或者分号，则是并列句;如果是逗号，且逗号后的内容是对前面某一名词的补充说明，则是非限制性定语从句，应该使用关系词.知识点二、“介词＋关系代词"引导的定语从句中介词的选择“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句中介词的选择是一个常考点，也是一个难点。

请看下面三个句子,填上合适的介词，并从中发现一些规律。

1．He was educated at a local grammar school, ______ which he went on to Cambridge.2．This is the farm ______ which he worked two years ago。

年高考定语从句的考查还将是对关系代词和关系副词的考查。

对定语从句的考查仍将不会单纯考查其语法结构，而是将其融入一定的语境中来考查考生的实际综合运用能力。

whom也指人，却只能做宾语。

which引导非限制性定语从句通常在从句中做主语或者宾语。

关系词代指前面的中国日报，在定语从句中做主语。

该句意思为：中国日报有着全球的读者群，这说明全球越来越多的人想要了解中国。

故选D。

考点2：that与which，who，whom的用法区别A.that和which的用法区别:在定语从句中，关系代词which和that都可指物，一般情况下，可以互换使用。

但在下列情况下值得注意：只能用that而不能用which的情形(1)当先行词为：all, little, few, much, none,及some-, any-, no-, every-,与thing所组成的复合单词时，只能用that。

如：There is nothing that will stop us making progress. 没有事情会阻止我们进步。

(2)当先行词前面有only, some, any, no, every, little, few, much, all, very等形容词修饰时，只能用that。

如：This is the only problem that we can’t work out. 这是我们不能解决的唯一的一个问题。

(3) 当先行词由形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时，只能用that。

如：This is the most interesting book that I have ever read. 这是我读过的最有趣的书。

(4) 当先行词同时包括人和物时，只能用that。

如：Lu Xun and his works that we are familiar with are considered great.人们认为我们所熟识的鲁迅及其作品都很伟大。