2010全国医学考博统考英语作文题

医学考博英文作文英文：As a medical PhD candidate, I am often asked why I chose to pursue a career in medicine. The answer is simple: I want to help people. Medicine is a field that allows me to make a tangible difference in people's lives.Growing up, I witnessed the impact that healthcare professionals had on my family members. My grandmother was diagnosed with cancer, and the doctors and nurses who cared for her made a profound impact on our family. They not only provided her with exceptional medical care, but they also showed her compassion and empathy during a difficult time.I knew from a young age that I wanted to be a part of that same impact. I wanted to be the person who could provide comfort and care to those who needed it most. As I began my studies in medicine, I quickly realized that it was not just about treating the physical symptoms of adisease, but also about understanding the emotional and psychological impact that it has on patients and their families.One of the most rewarding experiences I have had in my medical training was when I was able to help a patient who was struggling with depression. I was able to provide them with the resources and support they needed to overcometheir illness and improve their overall quality of life. Seeing the positive impact that I was able to make on this patient's life was incredibly fulfilling, and it reaffirmed my passion for medicine.In addition to the personal fulfillment that comes with a career in medicine, it is also a field that offers endless opportunities for growth and advancement. With new advancements in technology and research, there is always something new to learn and discover. This constant evolution and progress is what makes medicine such an exciting and dynamic field to be a part of.中文：作为一名医学博士研究生，我经常被问到为什么选择医学作为职业。

医学英语考博作文Studying for a medical doctorate is no easy task. It requires dedication, hard work, and a passion for the field of medicine. The road to earning a PhD in medicine is long and challenging, but the rewards are well worth the effort.In the world of medicine, research is crucial. As a doctoral student, you will spend countless hours in the lab, conducting experiments, analyzing data, and writingresearch papers. It can be a grueling process, but the knowledge and experience you gain along the way are invaluable.One of the most exciting aspects of pursuing a PhD in medicine is the opportunity to make a real impact in the field. Whether it's developing new treatments for diseases, improving patient care, or advancing medical technology,the work you do as a doctoral student can have far-reaching implications for the future of healthcare.In addition to conducting research, doctoral students in medicine also have the opportunity to teach and mentor future generations of medical professionals. Sharing your knowledge and expertise with others can be incredibly rewarding and can help shape the future of the medical field.Of course, pursuing a PhD in medicine also comes with its fair share of challenges. Balancing the demands of research, coursework, and clinical work can be overwhelming at times, and the pressure to publish and present your findings can be intense. But with perseverance and a supportive network of colleagues and mentors, it is possible to overcome these challenges and succeed in your doctoral studies.In conclusion, pursuing a PhD in medicine is a demanding but ultimately rewarding experience. It offers the opportunity to conduct groundbreaking research, make a meaningful impact in the field, and contribute to thefuture of healthcare. While the road may be long andchallenging, the knowledge and experience gained along the way are invaluable.。

When preparing for a doctoral examination in the medical field,it is crucial to have a strong grasp of both medical knowledge and the ability to articulate complex ideas in English.Here are some sample essay questions and answers that could be relevant for a medical doctoral exam in English:Question1:Discuss the role of genomics in modern medicine and its implications for personalized treatment.Answer:Genomics has revolutionized modern medicine by providing insights into the genetic basis of diseases.It allows for a more personalized approach to treatment,as it enables doctors to tailor therapies to an individuals genetic makeup.This is particularly significant in cancer treatment,where genomics can identify specific mutations that drive tumor growth,leading to targeted therapies that are more effective and less toxic than traditional chemotherapy.Furthermore,genomics plays a critical role in predicting disease risk,understanding drug responses,and developing preventive strategies. However,it also raises ethical concerns,such as privacy issues and potential misuse of genetic information.Question2:Evaluate the impact of telemedicine on patient care and the healthcare system.Answer:Telemedicine has significantly impacted patient care by increasing accessibility to healthcare services,especially in remote and underserved areas.It allows patients to consult with healthcare professionals via video calls,phone calls,or online platforms, reducing the need for physical visits and travel time.This has been particularly beneficial during the COVID19pandemic,where it helped maintain continuity of care while minimizing the risk of infection.Telemedicine also improves efficiency in the healthcare system by reducing hospital overcrowding and enabling remote monitoring of patients with chronic conditions.However,challenges remain,including the digital divide, ensuring data security,and integrating telemedicine into existing healthcare infrastructure.Question3:Explain the concept of evidencebased medicine and its significance in clinical practice.Answer:Evidencebased medicine EBM is an approach to clinical practice that emphasizes the use of the best available evidence from wellconducted research to make decisions aboutpatient care.It involves a systematic process of identifying patient information needs, finding,appraising,and implementing relevant clinical research findings.The significance of EBM lies in its ability to improve patient outcomes by ensuring that healthcare decisions are informed by rigorous scientific evidence.It also promotes transparency and accountability in healthcare,as it requires healthcare professionals to justify their decisions based on the latest research.However,challenges include the need for continuous education to keep up with new evidence and the potential for overreliance on guidelines at the expense of individual patient needs.Question4:Discuss the role of artificial intelligence in healthcare and its potential future applications.Answer:Artificial intelligence AI is increasingly being integrated into healthcare,offering numerous benefits such as improving diagnostic accuracy,predicting patient outcomes, and personalizing treatment plans.AI algorithms can analyze vast amounts of data, including medical images,electronic health records,and genomic data,to identify patterns and make predictions that may not be apparent to human practitioners.Future applications of AI in healthcare could include robotic surgery,virtual nursing assistants, and advanced drug discovery.However,the integration of AI also presents challenges, such as ensuring data privacy,addressing ethical concerns,and managing the potential impact on the workforce.Question5:Analyze the ethical considerations in conducting clinical trials and the importance of informed consent.Answer:Clinical trials are essential for evaluating the safety and efficacy of new medical interventions.However,they involve ethical considerations that must be carefully addressed to protect the rights and wellbeing of rmed consent is a fundamental aspect of ethical clinical trials,ensuring that participants are fully informed about the purpose,procedures,risks,and benefits of the study before they decide to participate.This process involves providing clear,understandable information and ensuring that participants consent is voluntary and not coerced.Ethical considerations also include minimizing risks to participants,ensuring fair subject selection,and maintaining confidentiality.Violations of these ethical principles can undermine public trust in medical research and have serious legal and social consequences.。

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文档下载后可定制随意修改，请根据实际需要进行相应的调整和使用，谢谢!并且，本店铺为大家提供各种各样类型的实用资料，如教育随笔、日记赏析、句子摘抄、古诗大全、经典美文、话题作文、工作总结、词语解析、文案摘录、其他资料等等，如想了解不同资料格式和写法，敬请关注!Download tips: This document is carefully compiled by theeditor. I hope that after you download them,they can help yousolve practical problems. The document can be customized andmodified after downloading,please adjust and use it according toactual needs, thank you!In addition, our shop provides you with various types ofpractical materials,such as educational essays, diaryappreciation,sentence excerpts,ancient poems,classic articles,topic composition,work summary,word parsing,copyexcerpts,other materials and so on,want to know different data formats andwriting methods,please pay attention!Paragraph 1: Medicine is a really fascinating field. There are so many things to learn and discover. It's notjust about treating diseases, but also understanding howthe human body works. The complexity and mystery of it all keep me engaged.Paragraph 2: In medical research, new findings are constantly emerging. It's exciting to see how these can change the way we approach healthcare. The potential to make a real difference in people's lives is huge.Paragraph 3: Becoming a doctor is not easy. It requires a lot of hard work and dedication. Long hours of study and training are necessary. But the reward of helping patients makes it all worth it.Paragraph 4: The medical community is like a big family. Everyone works together towards a common goal. There's a sense of unity and support that is really special.Paragraph 5: Medical technology is advancing at a rapid pace. From new diagnostic tools to innovative treatments, it's amazing to see what's possible. This keeps the field constantly evolving.。

医学考博英语历年作文题目1. Discuss the role of technology in modern healthcare.Technology plays a crucial role in modern healthcare by revolutionizing the way medical professionals diagnose, treat, and manage diseases. With the advancement of technology, healthcare providers have access to a widerange of innovative tools and resources that enable them to deliver better care to patients. For example, electronic health records allow for easy access to patient information, telemedicine enables remote consultations, and robotic surgery assists in performing complex procedures with precision.In addition, technology has also played a significantrole in medical research and development. High-tech imaging techniques such as MRI and CT scans have improveddiagnostic accuracy, while genetic testing has allowed for personalized medicine tailored to an individual's genetic makeup. Furthermore, the use of artificial intelligence and machine learning has helped in analyzing large sets of medical data to identify patterns and make predictions for better treatment outcomes.Overall, technology has transformed healthcare by improving efficiency, accuracy, and patient outcomes. It has become an indispensable tool in modern medicine, enabling healthcare professionals to provide better care to patients and advance medical knowledge.现代医疗保健中技术的作用技术在现代医疗保健中发挥着至关重要的作用，通过改变医疗专业人员诊断、治疗和管理疾病的方式。

2010年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题参考答案及解析Paper OnePart Ⅰ. Listening Comprehension:1. A2. A3. B4. B5. C6. C7. C8. D9. D 10. B11. A 12. C 13. B 14. D 15. C 16. B 17. B 18. D 19. D 20. C21. B 22. A 23. A 24. C 25. D 26. C 27. A 28. B 29. D 30. CPart Ⅱ. Vocabulary31 . A 32. D 33. B 34. D 35. A 36. A 37. B 38. C 39. D 40. C41. A 42. C 43. B 44. D 45. C 46. B 47. D 48. A 49. D 50. CPart ⅢCloze51. B 52. D 53. A 54. C 55. A 56. C 57. D 58. A 59. D 60. CPart Ⅳ. Reading Comprehension61. D 62. A 63. D 64. C 65. D 66. C 67. B 68. A 69. D 70. C71. C 72. D 73. A 74. B 75. C 76. A 77. A 78. D 79. C 80. D81. B 82. C 83. C 84. C 85. B 86. A 87. A 88. C 89. C 90. BPart Ⅱ. Vocabulary31. A 本句大意：一些黑人青年投诉说受到了警察骚扰。

选项A. 骚扰；B. 分散注意力；C. 判刑；D. 释放。

选项A符合原句意思，是正确答案。

32. D 本句大意：他迅速沉湎于他的权力。

选项A. irrigated灌溉；B. irradiated照射；C. inoculated接种过疫苗的；D. intoxicated沉湎于。

医学考博英语写作范文英文回答：Topic: The Impact of Social Media on the Medical Field.Social media has become an integral part of our livesin recent years, and its impact on the medical field is no exception. On the one hand, social media can be a valuable tool for medical professionals to share information, connect with colleagues, and educate patients. On the other hand, there are also concerns about the potential for misinformation and privacy breaches.Positive Impacts of Social Media on the Medical Field.Improved communication and collaboration: Social media platforms allow medical professionals to connect with each other from all over the world, share research ideas, and collaborate on projects. This can lead to improved patient outcomes and the development of new and innovativetreatments.Increased access to information: Social media provides patients with easy access to a wealth of health information, including information on diseases, treatments, and healthy living. This can help patients to make informed decisions about their health and to stay up-to-date on the latest medical advances.Patient education and support: Social media can be a powerful tool for patient education and support. Medical professionals can use social media to share educational materials, answer patients' questions, and provide support and encouragement. This can help patients to feel more informed and empowered about their health.Negative Impacts of Social Media on the Medical Field.Misinformation and fake news: Social media can be a breeding ground for misinformation and fake news, which can have serious consequences for patients. Misinformation can lead patients to make poor health choices or delay seekingtreatment, which can ultimately lead to worse health outcomes.Privacy concerns: Social media companies collect avast amount of data from their users, including health data. This data can be used to target patients with advertisingfor specific drugs or treatments, or it can be sold tothird-party companies. This raises concerns about theprivacy of patients' health information.Cyberbullying and harassment: Social media can be a platform for cyberbullying and harassment, which can have a negative impact on the mental health of medical professionals. Cyberbullying can also damage the reputation of medical professionals and make it difficult for them to provide quality care to their patients.Recommendations for Using Social Media in the Medical Field.In order to maximize the benefits of social media while minimizing the risks, it is important for medicalprofessionals to use social media responsibly. Here are a few recommendations:Be mindful of the information you share: Only share information that is accurate, evidence-based, and appropriate for the audience you are sharing it with.Respect patient privacy: Do not share any patient information without their consent.Be aware of the potential for cyberbullying and harassment: If you experience cyberbullying or harassment, report it to the social media platform and to your supervisor.Use social media to promote health and well-being: Use social media to share health information, answer patients' questions, and provide support and encouragement.Conclusion.Social media is a powerful tool that can have bothpositive and negative impacts on the medical field. By using social media responsibly, medical professionals can harness its power to improve patient outcomes, advance medical research, and educate the public about health.中文回答：社交媒体对医学领域的影响。

医学博士考试英语作文I remember the first time I decided to pursue a career in medicine. It was during my high school years when I witnessed a family member battle a serious illness. The experience left a profound impact on me, and I knew that I wanted to dedicate my life to helping others in similar situations.Medical school was a challenging yet rewarding experience. I was constantly amazed by the complexity of the human body and the resilience of the patients I encountered. From anatomy to pharmacology, every subject fascinated me and solidified my passion for medicine.During my clinical rotations, I had the opportunity to work with a diverse range of patients, each with their own unique set of circumstances. It was during these interactions that I truly understood the importance of empathy and effective communication in the field of medicine. Building trust and rapport with patients is justas crucial as diagnosing and treating their conditions.As I prepare for the medical board exam, I am filledwith a mix of nerves and excitement. This exam is the culmination of years of hard work and dedication, and I am eager to demonstrate my knowledge and skills. I amconfident that my education and experiences have preparedme for this next step in my journey to becoming a physician.In the future, I hope to specialize in a field that allows me to make a meaningful impact on the lives of my patients. Whether it's in primary care, surgery, or another specialty, I am committed to providing the highest qualityof care and continuously expanding my knowledge andexpertise in the ever-evolving field of medicine.。

医学考博英语作文范文In the realm of medical science, the role of English as a lingua franca cannot be overstated. As a global language, English facilitates the exchange of knowledge, research findings, and best practices across borders. This essay aims to explore the significance of English proficiency for medical professionals, particularly in the context of pursuing a doctorate degree in medicine.Firstly, English proficiency is crucial for accessing a vast array of medical literature. The majority of peer-reviewed journals and scientific publications are in English, making it essential for medical students and professionals to read, understand, and contribute to this body of work. A strong command of English allows researchers to stay abreast of the latest developments in their field, which is vital for conducting cutting-edge research.Secondly, the ability to communicate effectively in English is indispensable for international conferences and collaborations. Medical professionals often participate in global forums where they present their research, engage in discussions, and network with peers from around the world. Proficiency in English ensures that they can articulate their ideas clearly and understand the perspectives of others, fostering a productive exchange of information.Moreover, English is often the language of instruction inmany medical schools and universities, especially for postgraduate studies. Students pursuing a doctorate in medicine must be able to comprehend complex medical texts, participate in seminars, and write academic papers in English.A robust English foundation is therefore a prerequisite for success in higher medical education.Furthermore, English proficiency is increasingly becoming a requirement for medical professionals seeking to work or conduct research internationally. Many hospitals and research institutions value candidates who can communicate in English, as it streamlines the process of working with a diverse team and reaching a broader audience.Lastly, the ability to write well in English is a criticalskill for medical professionals. Whether it's drafting a research paper, writing a clinical report, or composing an informative article, the ability to convey information accurately and succinctly is paramount. A well-crafted pieceof writing can influence policy, educate the public, and contribute to the medical community's collective knowledge.In conclusion, English proficiency is not just an asset but a necessity for medical professionals, particularly for those aiming to pursue a doctorate. It opens doors to a wealth of knowledge, enables effective communication on the global stage, and is a key factor in academic and professional success. As such, it is imperative for medical students and practitioners to invest time and effort in mastering the English language to excel in their field.。

2010年全国医学博士英语统考真题及参考答案2010年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试卷答题须知1.请考生首先将自己的姓名、所在考点、准考证号在标准答题卡上认真填写清楚，并按“考场指令”要求，在标准答题卡上，将准考证号相应的位置涂好。

2.试卷一（paper one）和试卷二（paper two）答案都做在标准答题卡上，书面表达一定要用黑色签字笔或钢笔写在标准答题卡上指定区域，不要做在试卷上。

3.试卷一答题答题时必须使用2B铅笔，将所选答案按要求在相应位置涂黑；如要更正，先用橡皮擦干净。

4.标准答题卡不可折叠，同时必须保持平整干净，以利评分。

5.听力考试只放一遍录音，每道题后有15秒左右的答题时间。

Paper OnePart I Listening comprehension(30%)Section ADirections: In this section you will hear fifteen short conversions between twospeakers. At the end of eachconversion, you will hear a questionabout what is said. The question willbe read only once. After you hear thequestion, read the four possibleanswers marked A, B, C and D.Choose the best answer and markthe letter of your choice on theANSWER SHEET.Listen to the following example.You will hear:Woman: I feel faint.Man: No wonder. You haven’t had a bite all day.Question: What’s the matter with the woman?You will read:A. She is sick.B. She was bitten by an ant.C. She is hungry.D. She spilled her paint.Here C is the right answer.Sample AnswerA BCDNow let’s begin with question Number 1.1.A. She’s looking for a gift.B. She needs a new purse.C. She’s going to give a birthday party.D. She wants to go shopping with her mom.2.A. She hears noises in her ears day andnight.B. She has been overworking for a longtime.C. Her right ear, hurt in an accident, istroubling her.D. Her ear rings are giving her trouble dayand night.3.A. He’ll go to see Mr. White at 10:30tomorrow.B. He’d like to make an earlierappointment.C. He’d like to cancel the appointment.D. He’d like to see another dentist.4.A. 8:00 B. 8:15 C.8:40 D. 8:455.A. In a hotel. B.At a fast food bar.C. In the supermarket.D.In the department store.6.A. To resign right away.B.To work one more day as chairman.C.T o think twice before he make the decision.D.T o receive further training upon hisresignation.7.A. She didn’t do anything in particular.B.She send a wounded person to the ER.C.S he had to work in the ER.D.S he went skiing.8.A. A customs officer. B.The man’s mother.C. A school headmaster.D.An immigration officer.9.A. It feels as if the room is going around.B.It feels like a kind of unsteadiness.C.I t feels as if she is falling down.D.I t feels as if she is going around.10. A. John has hidden something in the tree.B.John himself should be blamed.C.J ohn has a dog that barks a lot.D.J ohn is unlucky.11. A. The chemistry homework is difficult.B.The chemistry homework is fun.C.T he math homework is difficult.D.T he math homework is fun.12. A. His backache. B.His broken leg.C. His skin problem.D.His eye condition.13. A. Whooping cough, smallpox andmeasles.B.Whooping cough, chickenpox and measles.C.W hooping cough, smallpox and Germanmeasles.D.W hooping cough, chickenpox and Germanmeasles.14. A. Saturday morning. B.Saturday night.C. Saturday afternoon.D.Next weekend.15. A. He’s lost his notebook.B.His handwriting is messy.C.H e’ll miss class latter this week.D.H e cannot make it for his appointment.Section BDirections: In this section you will hear one conversion and two passages, after each of which, youwill hear five questions. After eachquestion, read the four possibleanswers marked A, B, C and D.Choose the best answer and markthe letter of your choice on theANSWER SHEET.Conversation16. A. He is having a physical checkup.B.He has just undergone an operation.C.H e has just recovered from an illness.D.H e will be discharged from the hospital thisafternoon.17. A. He got an infection in the lungs.B.He had his gallbladder inflamed.C.H e was suffering from influenza.D.H e had developed a big kidney tone.18. A. A lot better. B.Terribly awful.C. Couldn’t be better.D.Okay, but a bit weak.19. A. To be confined to a wheelchair.B.To stay indoors for a complete recovery.C.T o stay in bed and drink a lot of water.D.T o move about and enjoy the sunshine.20. A. From 4 pm to 6 pm. B.From 5 pm to 7 pm.C. From 6 pm to 8 pm.D.From 7 pm to 9 pm.Passage One21. A. The link between weight loss and sleepdeprivation.B.The link between weight gain and sleepdeprivation.C.T he link between weight loss and physicalexercise.D.T he link between weight gain and physicalexercise.22. A. More than 68,000. B.More than 60,800.C. More than 60,080.D.More than 60,008.23. A. Sever-hour sleepers gained moreweight over time than 5-hour ones.B.Five-hour sleepers gained more weight overtime than 7-hour ones.C.S hort-sleepers were 15% more likely tobecome obese.D.S hort-sleepers consumed fewer caloriesthan long sleepers.24. A. Overeating among the sleep-deprived.B.Little exercise among the sleep-deprived.C.L ower metabolic rate resulting from lesssleep.D.H igher metabolic rate resulting from lesssleep.25. A. Exercise every day. B.Take diet pills.C. Go on a diet.D.Sleep more.Passage Two26. A. She is too hard on me.B.She asks too many questions.C.S he is always considerate of my feelings.D.S he is the meanest mother in theneighborhood.27. A. A university instructor.B. A teaching assistant.C. A phD student.D. A psychiatrist.28. A. They usually say no.B.They usually say yes.C.T hey usually wait and see.D.T hey usually refuse to say anything.29. A. They are overconfident.B.Their brains grow too fast.C.T hey are psychologically dependent.D.T heir brains are still immature in someareas.30. A. Be easy on your teen.B.Try to be mean to your teen.C.S ay no to your teen when necessary.D.D on’t care about your teen’s feelings.Part II Vocabulary (10%)Section ADirections: In this section all the statementsare incomplete, beneath each ofwhich are four words or phrasesmarked A, B, C and D. Choosethe word or phrase that can bestcomplete the statement andmark the letter of your choiceon the ANSWER SHEET.31. A number of black youths have complained of being by thepolice.A. harassedB. distractedC. sentencedD. released32. He rapidly became with his own power in the team.A. irrigatedB. irradiatedC. streetlightD. torchlight33. Throughout his political career he has always been in the .A. twilightB. spotlightC. streetlightD. torchlight34. We that diet is related to most types of cancer but we don’t have definite proof.A. suspendB. superveneC. superviseD. suspect35. A patient who is dying of incurablecancer of the throat is in terrible pain,which can no longer besatisfactorily .A. alleviatedB. abolishedC. demolishedD. diminished36. The television station is supported byfrom foundations and other sources.A. donationsB. pensionsC. advertisementsD. accounts37. More legislation is needed to protectthe property rights of thepatent.A. integrativeB. intellectualC. intelligentD.intelligible38. Officials are supposed tothemselves to the welfare and healthof the general public.A. adaptB. confineC.commit D. assess39. You should stop yourcondition and do something about it.A. drawing onB. touching onC. leaning onD. dwelling on40. The author of the book has shown hisremarkably keen into humannature.A. perspectiveB. dimensionC. insightD. reflectionSection BDirections: In this section each of the following sentences has a wordor phrase underlined, beneathwhich are four words or phrase.Choose the word or phrasewhich can best keep the meaningof the original sentence if it issubstituted for the underlinedpart. Then mark the letter ofyour choice on the ANSWERSHEET.41.The chemical was found to be detrimentalto human health.A. toxicB. immuneC.sensitive D. allergic42.It will be a devastating blow for thepatient, if the clinic closes.A. permanentB. desperateC. destructiveD. sudden43.He kept telling us about his operation inthe most graphic detail.A. verifiableB. explicitC. preciseD. ambiguous44.The difficult case tested the ingenuity ofeven the most skillful physician.A. credibilityB. commitmentC. honestyD. talent45.He left immediately on the pretext that hehad to catch a train.A. claimB. clueC. excuseD. talent46.The nurse was filled with remorse of notbelieving her .A. anguishB. regretC. apologyD. grief47.The doctor tried to find a tactful way oftelling her the truth.A. delicateB. communicativeC. skillfulD. considerate48.Whether a person likes a routine office jobor not depends largely on temperament.A. dispositionB. qualificationC. temptationD. endorsement49.The doctor ruled out Friday’s surgery forthe patient’s unexpected complications.A. confirmedB. facilitatedC. postponedD. cancelled50.It is not easy to remain tranquil whenevents suddenly change your life.A. cautiousB. motionlessC. calmD. alertPart III Cloze(10%)Directions: In this section there is a passage with ten numbered blanks. For eachblank, there are four choice markedA, B, C and D listed on the right side.Choose the best answer and markthe letter of your choice on theANSWER SHEET.Experts say about 1% of young women in the United States are almost starving themselves today. They are suffering from a sickness called anorexia.These young women have an abnormal fear of getting fat. They 51 starve themselves so they weigh at 15% less than their normalweight.The National Institute of Mental Health says one 52 ten cases of anorexia leads to serious medical problems. These patients can die from heart failure or the disease can lead young women to 53 themselves. For example, former gymnast Christy Henrich died at age 22. She weighed only 61 pounds.A person with anorexia first develops joint and muscle problems. There is a lack of iron in the blood. 54 the sickness progresses, a young woman’s breathing, heartbeat, and blood pressure rates slow down. The important substance calcium is 55 from the bones, something causing bones to break. Sometimes the brain gets smaller, causing changes in 56 a person thinks and acts. Scientists say many patients have further mental and emotional problems. They have 57 opinions about themselves. They feel helpless. Their attempts to become extremely thin may 58 efforts to take control of their lives. They may becomedependent on illegal drugs. Some people also feel the need to continually repeat a(n) 59 . For example, they may repeatedly wash their hands although their hands are clean.Anorexia is a serious eating 60 .If it is not treated on time, it can be fatal.51. A. specifically B. purposelyC. particularlyD. passionately52. A. from B. ofC. atD. in53. A. kill B. starveC. abuseD. worsen54. A. When B. WhileC. AsD. Since55. A. lost B. derivedC. generatedD. synthesized56. A. what B. whyC. howD. which57. A. good B. highC. lowerD. poor58. A. represent B. makeC. presentD. exert59. A. medication B. illusionC. motionD. action60. A. habit B. behaviorC. disorderD. patternPart IV Reading Comprehension(30%)Direction: In this part there are six passages, each of which is followed by fivequestions. For each question thereare four possible answers marked A,B, C and D. Choose the best answerand mark the letter of your choice onthe ANSWER SHEET.Passage OneChildren should avoid using mobile phones for all but essential calls because of possible health effects on young brains. This is one of the expected conclusions of an official government report to be published this week. The report is expected to call for the mobilephone industry to refrain from promoting phone use by children, and to start labeling phones with data on the amount of radiation they emit.The Independent Expert Group on Mobile Phones, chaired by former government chief scientist William Stewart, has spent eight months reviewing existing scientific evidence on all aspects of the health effects of using mobile phones. Its report is believed to conclude that because we don’t fully understand the nonthermal effects of radiation on human tissue, the government should adopt a precautionary approach, particularly in relation to children.There is currently no evidence that mobile phones harm users or people living near transmitter masts. But some studies show that cell-phones operating at radiation levels within current safety limits do have some sort of biological effect on the brain.John Tattersall, a researcher on the health effects of radiation at the Defense Evaluation and Research Agency’s site at Porton Down,agrees that it might be wise to limit phone use by children. “If you have a developing nervous system, it’s known to be more susceptible to environmental insults,”he says,“So if phones did prove to be hazardous——which they haven’t yet ——it would be sensible.”In 1998, Tattersall showed that radiation levels similar to those emitted by mobile phones could alter signals from brain cells in slices of rat brain, “What we’ve found is an effect, but we don’t know if it’s hazardous,” he says.Alan Preece of the University of Bristol, who found last year that microwaves increase reaction times in test subjects, agreed that children’s exposure would be greater. “There’s a lot less tissue in the way, and the skill is thinner, so children’s heads are considerably closer,” he says.Stewart’s report is likely to recommend that the current British safety standards on energy emissions from cell-phones should be cut to the level recommended by the InternationalCommission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection, which is one-fifth of the current British limit. “The extra safety factor of five is somewhat arbitrary,” says Michael Clark of the National Radiological Protection Board. “But we accept that it’s difficult for the UK to have different standards from an international body.”61. Just because it has not been confirmed yetwhether mobile phone emissions can harmhuman tissue, according to thegovernment report, does not meanthat .A. the government should prohibitchildren from using cell-phonesB. we should put down the phone for thesake of safetyC. the industry can have a right topromote phone useD. children are safe using cell-phones62. Tattersall argues that it is wise to refrainmobile phone use by children in termsof .A. their neural developmentB. their ill-designed cell-phonesC. the frequency of their irrational useD. their ignorance of its possible healtheffects63. On the issue in question,Preece .A. does not agree with TattersallB. tries to remove the obstacles in thewayC. asks for further investigationD. would stand by Stewart64. What is worrisome at present is that theUK .A. is going to turn deaf ears to the voiceof Stesart’s planB. finds it difficult to cut the currentsafety standards on phone useC. maintains different standards onsafety limit from the international onesD. does not even impose safety limit onthe mobile phones’ energy emissions65．Which of the following can bi the best candidate for the title of the passage?A . Brain WaveB. For Adults OnlyC. Catch Them YoungD. The Answer in the AirPassage TwoAdvances in cosmetic dentistry and plastic surgery have made it possible to correct facial birth defects, repair damaged teeth and tissue, and prevent or greatly delay the onset of tooth decay and gum disease. As a result, more people smile more often and more openly today than ever in the past, and we can expect more smiles in the future.Evidence of the smile’s ascent may be seen infamous paintings in museums and galleries throughout the world. The vast majority of prosperous bigwigs(要人),voluptuous nudes, or middle-class family members in formal portraits and domestic scenes appear to have their mouths firmly closed. Soldiers in battle, children at play, beggars, old people, and especially villains may have their mouths open; but their smiles are seldom attractive, and more often suggest strain or violence than joy.Smiles convey a wide range of meanings in different eras and cultures, says art historian Angus Trumble, currently curator(馆长)of Yale University’s Center for British Art, in his book A Brief History of the Smile. Compare, for instance, the varying impressions made by the shy dimples(酒窝)of Leonardo’s Mona Lisa; the rosy-cheeked, mustachioed Laughing Cavalier of Frans Hals; and the”Smiley Face”logo perfected(though not invented)in 1963 by American graphic artist Harvey R.Ball.In some non-Western cultures, Trumblenotes, even a warm, open smile does not necessarily indicate pleasure or agreement. It can simply be a polite mask to cover emotions considered too rude or shocking to bi openly displayed.Subtle differences in muscle movement can convey enormous differences in emotion, from the tranquility of bronze Buddhas, to the erotic bliss of couples entwined in stone on Hindu temples, to the fierce smirk(假笑)of a guardian demon at the entrance to a Chinese tomb.Trumble expects the impact of Western medicine and mass media to further increase the pressure on people to grin broadly and laugh openly in public.”Faint smiles are increasingly thought of in scientific and psychological circles as something that falls short of the true smile ,”and therefore suggest insincerity or lack of enthusiasm, he says.With tattooing, boby piercing, and permanent cosmetics already well established as fashion trends, one can imagine tomorrow’sbeauty shops adding plastic surgeons and dentists to their staffs. These comer-store cosmeticians would offer style makeovers to reshape our lips, teeth, and jawlines to mimic the signature smile of one’s favorite celebrity.What can you say to that except”Have a nice day？”66. Had it not been for cosmetic advances, as inferred from the passage, .A . people would not have been as happy as they are todayB. the rate of facial birth defect would not have declinedC . there would not have been many more open smilesD. we would not have seen smiling faces in public67. According to the passage, it seems thatwhether there is a smile or not in theportraits or pictures is decidedby .A. one’s internal sense of the external worldB . one’s identity or social positionC . one’s times of existenceD . All of the above68. Trumble’s study on smiles shows that .A. an open smile can serve as a cover-upB . the famous portraits radiate varying smilesC. even the human muscles can arouse varying emotionsD. smiles can represent misinterpretations of different eras and cultures69. What Trumble expects to see is .A. the increasing tendency of broad grins and open smiles in publicB . further impact of Western medicine upon non-Western culturesC. a wider range of meanings to be conveyed by smilesD. more of sincerity and enthusiasm in public70 . At the end of the passage, the author implicates .A. a fortune to come with cosmetic advancesB . an identical smile for everybobyC . future changes in life styleD . the future of smilesPassage ThreeAdolf Hitler survived an assassination attempt in 1944 with the lamp of penicillin made by the Allies, a microbiologist in the UK claims. If the Nazi leader had died from bacterial infection of his many wounds, the Second World War might have been over a year earlier, saving millions of lives, says Milton Wainwright of the University of Sheffield, a noted historian ofmicrobiology.In a paper to be published soon in Perspectives in Biology and Medicine, Wainwright reveals first-hand evidence that Hitler was treated with penicillin by his personal doctor, Theo Morrell, following an assassination attempt in which a bomb in a suitcase exploded next to Hitler’s desk. Hitler was badly hurt, fleeing the scene with his hair and trousers on fire, a badly bleeding arm and countless wooden splinter wounds from the oak table that probably saved his life.Wainwright found confirmation that Morrell gave Hitler antibiotics as a precaution in a recent translation of Morrell’s own diary. “I happened to be reading it for interest when the word penicillin jumped out at me,” he says. He then set about trying to establish where Morrell might have got the drug.At the time, penicillin was available only to the Allies. German and Czechoslovakian teams had tried without much success to make it,Wainwright says, but the small quantities that were available were weak and impure. “It’s g enerally accepted that it was no good,”says Wainwright.He reasons that Morrell would only have risked giving Hitler penicillin to prevent infections if he were confident that the antibiotic would cure, not kill the German premier. “My research shows that Morrell, in a very dodgy(危险的) position as Hitler’s doctor, would only have used pure stuff.”And the only reliable penicillin was that made by the Allies. So where did Morrell get it?Wainwright’s investigations revealed that Allied airmen carried penicillin, so the Germans may have confiscated some from prisoners of war. The other more likely source is from neutral countries such Spain, which received penicillin from Allied countries for humanitarian purposes, perhaps for treating sick children.“I have proof the Allies were sending it tothese countries,”says Wainwright. “I’m saying this would have got through in diplomatic bags, reaching Hitler’s doctor and the higher echelons(阶层)of the Nazi party. So this was almost certainly pure, Allied penicillin.”“We can never be certain it saved Hitler’s life,” says Wainwright. But he notes that one of Hitler’s henchmen(死党)，Reinhard Heydrich, died from blood poisoning after surviving a car-bomb assassination attempt. “Hair from his seat went into his wounds and gave him septicemia,”says Wainwright. Morrell may have been anxious to ensure that Hitler avoided the same fate.71. According to Wainwright, Adolf Hitler .A. might have used biological weapons in the warB. could not have committed suicide as confirmedC. could have died of bacterial infectionD. might have survived a bacterial plague72. Following his assassination in 1944, Adolf Hitler .A. began to exercise precautions against his personal attacksB. was anxious to have penicillin developed in his countryC. received an jinjection of penicillin for blood poisoningD. was suspected of being likely to get infected73. As Wainwright reasons, H itler’s personal doctor .A. cannot have dared to prescribe German-made penicillin to himB. need not have used pure antibiotic for his suspect infectionC. would have had every reason to assassinate himD. must have tried to produce penicillin74. Wainwright implies that the Third Reich .A. met the fate of collapse as expectedB. butchered millions of lives on the earthC. was severely struck by bacterial plaguesD. did have channels to obtain pure penicillin75.Whichof the following can be the best title for the passage?A.HowHitler Manage to Survive Assassination Attempts?B.Morrell Loyal to His German Primier?C.HitlerSaved by Allied Drugs?D.Penicillin Abused in German?Passage FourGet ready for a new kind of machine at your local gym: one that doesn’t involve huffing and puffing as you burn off calories. Instead, all you have to do is stand still for 30 seconds while the machine measures your body fat. It could then tell you exactly where you could do with losing a few pounds and even advise you on exercises for your problem areas. If the body fat scanner turns out to be accurate enough, its makers hope it could one day help doctors spot disease.The scanner works by simultaneously building up an accurate 3D image of the body, while measuring the body’s effect on an electromagnetic field. Combining the two measurements allows the researchers to work out the distribution of fat and water within. Neither method is new on its own, says Henri Tapp, at the Institute of Food Research in Norwich in the UK. “The smart thing is that we’ve put them in one machine.”And it’s not just for gym users. The body fat scanner could be used to study fat deposition as children develop, while patients recover from injury, or during pregnancy. And since it uses radio waves rather than X-rays, Tapp’s device is safe to use repeatedly.Body shape is known to be a risk indicator for heart disease and diabetes. So accurately quantifying fat distribution could help doctors suggest preventive measures to patients before problems arise. At the moment, doctors estimate fat content from knowing body volume and water content. To a good approximation, says Tapp, anything that isn’t fat is water. The amount of water in the body is often measured by giving the subject a drink of water that contains a radioactive tracer. The level of tracer in the patient's urine after three hours reveals the total water volume.To find out a body’s volume, subjects are weighed while totally submerged in water, and this is subtracted from their normal weight togive the weight of water displaced, and hence the subject’s volume. But it is scarcely practical for seriously ill people.There are other ways to directly measure body fat, such as passing a minuscule current between the wrists and feet. The overall fat content can then be estimated from the body’s resistance. But this method doesn’t take body shape into account ——so a subject with particularly skinny legs might register a higher fat content than the true value. That’s because skinny legs—with a lower cross-sectional area——will present higher resistance to current. So the machine thinks the water content of the body is lower——rating the subject as fatter. Also, the system can only give an overall measurement of fat.Tapp’s method uses similar calculations, but is more sophisticated because it tells you where you are piling on the pounds.76. The new machine is designed .A. to picture the body’s hidden fatB. to identify those at risk for obesityC. to help clinically treat specific casesD. to measure accurately risky obesity-related effects77. The beauty of the device, according to Tapp, is that .A. it performs a dual functionB. it is of great accuracy in measurementC. it has significant implications in clinical practiceD. it contributes to the evolution of human anatomy78.Which of the following, according to the passage, does the machine have the potential to spare?A. A minuscule current.B. A radioactive tracer.C. A water tank.D. All of the above.79.In comparison with the techniques mentioned in the passage, the body fat scanner . A. quickens the pace of the patient’s rehabilitationB. is highly appreciated for its safetyC. features its measuring precisionD. is easy to operate in the clinic80.For scanning, all the subject has to do is .A. take up a form of workout in the gymB. turn round the body fat scannerC. lie on the electromagnetic fieldD. sand in the systemPassage FiveThere is currently abroad a new wave of appreciation for breadth of knowledge. Curricula at universalities and colleges and。