上海市虹口区2019-2020学年高一上学期期末考试
英语试题
I
略
II. Grammar and Vocabulary 20%
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
News From The World of Medicine
SHORT ON SLEEP? DON'T FORGET TO DRINK WATER
In a Pennsylvania State University study involving more than 20,000 participants, people who said they got only six hours of sleep regularly ran a greater risk of dehydration (脱水) than ___1___ who got eight hours. The reason might lie with a hormone (荷尔蒙) called vasopressin, ___2___ helps control the body’s fluid levels. It’s let out in l arger quantities later in the sleep cycle, ___3___ people getting less shut-eye might not have the best amount of it. If you know you’re short on slumber, ___4___ (make) a point of drinking water.
TEN-MINUTE CANCER TEST
Australian researchers have developed a test ___5___ can discover cancer cells in ten minutes with 90 percent accuracy. Healthy DNA and cancer DNA, it turns out, stick to metal surfaces differently. When cancer DNA ___6___ (add) to water mixed with gold nanoparticles (纳米颗粒), the water remains its rosy color, when healthy DNA is added, the water turns blue. ___7___ the test is cheap and simple, it could be used at your primary care physician's office, with follow-up if necessary.
EXERCISE PREVENTS FALLS
Each year, at least a third of people ___8___ the age of 65 fall downwards. Research found that there's one factor related to notably reduced risk: exercise. People who took part in Tai Chi fell 19 percent ___9___ (often), while those who did balance and functional exercises, such as
step-ups, chair rises, or standing on one leg, fell 24 percent less often. Most useful of all was ____10____ (combine) different types of exercise, including lifting weights and balance exercises.
『答案】1. those
2. which
3. so
4. make
5. that
6. is added
7. Because 8. over
9. less often
10. to combine
解析
这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了三则医疗方面的信息，分别是缺乏睡眠的人容易脱水，十分钟癌症测试以及运动可以防止摔倒。
『1题详解】
考查代词。句意：宾夕法尼亚州立大学一项涉及2万多名参与者的研究发现，经常只睡6小时的人比那些睡8小时的人更容易脱水。此处指代“只睡8小时的人们”应用代词those。故填those。
『2题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：原因可能在于一种叫做血管加压素的荷尔蒙，它有助于控制身体的液体水平。本句为非限定性定语从句，修饰先行词vasopressin，且先行词在从句中做主语，表示“血管加压素”，故应用关系代词which。故填which。
『3题详解】
考查连词。句意：在睡眠周期的后期，它会大量释放，所以睡眠时间较短的人可能没有最好的睡眠时间。结合上下文语境可知，前后句意为因果关系，故应用连词so。故填so。
『4题详解】
考查祈使句。句意：如果你知道自己睡眠不足，一定要注意喝水。本句为祈使句，句首动词用原形。短语make a point of表示“特别注意……”。故填make。
『5题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：澳大利亚研究人员开发了一种检测方法，可以在十分钟内发现癌细胞，准确率高达90%。本句为定语从句修饰先行词test，且先行词在从句中做主语，表示“测试方法”故用关系代词that。故填that。
