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语法专题专题一名词和冠词语法项目（一）名词名词的数——典题尝试(单句语法填空）1．（2017·全国卷Ⅱ)It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible crowds （crowd） on the roads above as they travelled to and from work.2．（2017·全国卷Ⅲ） She has turned down several invitations (invitation） to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies。
3．(2016·全国卷Ⅱ）Recent studies （study） show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks regularly。
——规则点拨1．物质名词一般不用复数形式，但有些物质名词要用复数形式来表示不同的类别。
fishes各种鱼fruits各种水果steels各种钢材2．物质名词表示数量时,一般用表示数量的短语来表示。
a cup of tea一杯茶two pairs of trousers两条裤子four pieces of bread四片面包3．有些名词的单数和复数形式表示不同的含义.work（工作)→works（著作）arm（手臂）→arms(军火)glass（玻璃）→glasses（眼镜)cloth(布)→clo thes(衣服）4．有些名词既可用作可数名词又可用作不可数名词，但是意义不同。
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2021届高考英语一轮复习语法专项突破6第六讲定语从句随堂巩固即时提升北师大版20210622278Ⅰ单句语法填空1．(2020·广东七校联合体联考)This woman has set a good example to her son, ____________is a really lucky guy.who解析：考查定语从句。
分析该句结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为her son，故用who。
2．(2020·安徽师大附中高三时期性测试)Over the years, I have met some interesting people.Two of the most interesting people were two elderly sisters，Joan and Bernice，____________way of talking about people inspired me.whose解析：考查定语从句。
whose引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作定语，先行词为Joan and Bernice。
3．(2020·河南、河北七所名校联考)The shelter, ____________is designed for the thousands of traders and shoppers at Bangkok’s night market，has become an attraction itself.which解析：考查定语从句。
先行词是The shelter，空处引导非限制性定语从句，且在从句中作主语，故用which。
4．(2020·湖南岳阳一中检测)The old man turned his business over to his younger son, ____________made his elder son discouraged.which解析：句意：那位老人把生意交给了小亲小孩，这使他的大亲小孩专门沮丧。
础知识巩固-能力提升Ⅰ.核心单词→识记·思考·运用一、单词拼写1．*(2015·安徽，阅读B)Their ________(扩大)business became a large corporation in 1996.2．He is easily ________(使灰心) by difficulties and obstacles.3．*(2015·重庆，阅读 E )History has ________(目睹)the endless productions of Shakespearean plays in every major language of the world.4．The shy girl felt ________(笨拙的) and uncomfortable.5．(2014·重庆，阅读A)All of a sudden，a warm feeling of ________ (同情)rose up in my heart.6．*He had to ________(放弃) his research for lack of funds.7．(2014·安徽，阅读D) However，there may be other reasons why they should be ________(保护)．8．Joe was ________(固执的) and would not listen to any reason.9．Our train leaves at half past nine—9：33 to be ________(准确的)．10．(2015·陕西，满分作文)I really want to obtain this ________(宝贵的) opportunity. 答案 1.expanding 2.discouraged 3.witnessed 4.awkward 5.sympathy 6.abandon7.preserved 8.stubborn 9.precise 10.precious二、用所给词的适当形式填空1．(2015·安徽，阅读E)The foods we eat—and when and how we eat them—are often unique to a ________(particularly)culture.2．John is smart，polite，and well－behaved.In a word，he is ________(admire).3．We were very surprised at his ________(normal) behavior.4．He was ________(apparent)much surprised at the news.5．The swimming club is open to families in the neighborhood without ________(restrict)．6．That plane crash ________(occur) only minutes after take－off.7．Some of the old ________(fantastic) about the space age are coming true. 8．Nowadays，many old customs are ________(gradual) dying out.9．Most people think it ________，although a few members haven't known the ________ of the matter.(significance)10．We must learn how to ________ everything，and we should make it ________，although it is ________ sometimes.(bear)11．The old soldier's health ________ greatly from all the ________ that he went through during the war.(suffer)答案 1.particular 2.admirable 3.abnormal 4.apparently 5.restriction6.occurred7.fantasies8.gradually9.significant；significance 10.bear；bearable；unbearable 11.suffered；sufferings三、开心词场An accident occurred at 5 pm yesterday.A nine－year－old girl was knocked over by a truck on her way to school，and to our sorrow，she was dead on the spot.Hearing the news，the girl's mother burst out crying.She didn't know how it came about.The witness told the police that the driver abandoned his truck and escaped from the spot.All the relatives and neighbors couldn't put up with the driver's cruelty.And they all counted on the police to help them.【联想·积累】❶expand相关短语个个清①expand into (使……)扩大成……②expand in 在……方面增加/膨胀③expand on/upon 详述，详细阐明❷“看”遍天下①notice 注意到，留心②observe 观察③watch 观看，关注④s tare (at) 凝视，盯着看⑤glance (at) 匆匆看一眼；瞥⑥glare (at) 怒视⑦peer 窥视，凝视⑧witness 目击，目睹❸“停止，放弃，舍弃”集合①pause②stop③abandon④quit⑤give up⑥desert❹词汇拓展①suffering n．痛苦，困难→suffer v．遭受，患(某种病)②discourage vt.使泄气，使灰心→discouraged adj.气馁的，泄气的→courage n．勇气→encourage vt.鼓励③unbearable adj.不能忍受的→bearable adj.可忍受的→bear v．忍耐④musical adj.音乐的→music n．音乐→musician n．音乐家⑤origin n．起源，开端；出身→original adj.最初的；起先的Ⅱ.重点短语→识记·思考·运用一、补全短语1．once ________ a time 从前2．________ a way 从某种程度上说3．________ one's side 侧身4．split ________ 断绝关系；分成小部分5．name...________ 以……命名6．________ particular 特别，尤其7．on the way ________ 在去……的路上8．________ rise 增加工资答案 1.upon 2.in 3.on 4.up 5.after 6.in 7.to 8.pay二、短语填空1．The building work has been ____________ by the bad weather.2．I ____________ one of my old friends when I went shopping yesterday afternoon. 3．I really don't know how they ____________ such extreme condition.4．When the car goes around the corner，our house will ____________．5．You can ____________ a dictionary when you come across a new word.6．All they did was ____________ the light.7．Remember stress does go away，especially when you ____________ the problem and start working on solving it.8．If you don't slow down，you'll ____________ in hospital.9．You can ____________ him because he is a reliable man.10．A boy was ____________ by a passing car but fortunately he was not hurt severely. 答案 1.held up 2.came across 3.put up with e into view 5.refer to 6．block out 7.figure out 8.end up 9.count on 10.knocked over,【联想·积累】❶“查字典”的多种表达①refer to the dictionary②look up a word in the dictionary③consult the dictionary④turn to the dictionary❷归纳表示“指望，依靠，依赖”的短语①count on ②depend on③rely on ④figure on⑤lean on ⑥calculate on❸表示“偶然遇见”的短语小结①run into②run/come a cross③knock into④meet with⑤come uponⅢ.经典句式→识记·思考·运用1．*Now that Helen understood the key to language，she was very eager to learn more and use it as much as she could.(now that引导原因状语从句)既然海伦理解了语言之谜，她非常渴望学习更多的词语并且尽可能多地使用它们。
定语从句Attributive Clause什么是定语从句定语：定语是用来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质与特征的。
汉语中常用‘……的’表示，定语的位置一般有两种：用在所修饰词之前的叫前置定语，用在所修饰词之后的叫后置定语，定语和中心语之间是修饰和被修饰、限制和被限制的关系。
a beautiful girl a handsome boysomething good nothing serious定语从句：在句子中起定语作用的从句称为定语从句。
定语从句在句中的作用相当于形容词，故又称为形容词性从句。
定语从句分限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
Do you know the professor who is giving the speech?The letter is from his mother, who is working inBeijing.He failed in the match, which was a great pity.被定语从句修饰的名词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
关系词可分为关系代词和关系副词。
Activity 1. Find them out and translate.1.Chen Zijiang is a paper-cutting expert whom I interviewed for my article on Chinese Art.2.Paper-cutting is something that he learned to do from an early age.3.Paper cuts of animals have been found in tombs which date back to the time of the Northern and Southern Dynasty!4. A young farmer who wanted a wife would look at a young woman's paper skills before marrying her!5. There are three types of paper cuts which people still make today.6. A present for parents whose child has recently been born might show a paper cut of children.7. Paper cuts which show the Chinese character for double happiness are often used to celebrate weddings.8. People to whom the dead person was related would make these offerings on special days and during festivals.关系代词：that/which/who/whom/whose/as(限制性定语从句中）1.先行词指人，且做主语，需用who/that引导，不可省略。
北师大版高三一轮复习定语从句精讲①定语：是用来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的质量与特征的。
②从句：复合句中不能独立成句，但具有主语局部和谓语局部。
〔与主句相对〕③定语从句：在复合句中作定语的从句；说明主句中某一名词或代词(有时也可说明整个主句或主句中一局部)而起定语作用的句子。
④先行词：定语从句的引导词前面的被定语从句所修饰的名词、代词。
⑤关系词：引导定语从句的词，可分为关系代词和关系副词。
关系词普通位于先行词与定语从句之间，且作为定语从句的一个成分。
关系代词主要有：which that who whom whose as；关系副词主要有：when where why。
试剖析：Her sister has become a layer which she wanted to be.考点一：关系代词的用法1. 关系代词的作用①. 衔接作用：关系代词引导从句，把它和主句衔接起来；②. 替代作用：关系代词在从句中替代它前面的先行词；③. 成分作用：关系代词在从句中总是充任句子成分〔主语，宾语或表语〕；Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.主句关系代词从句〔衔接主句和从句，在从句中替代〝an old man〞，在从句中充任主语〕2.关系代词的用法分类从句关系代词格用于限制性和非限制性定语从句只用于限制性定语从句指人指物既指人又指物主格词who which that宾格词who(m)属格词whose/of whom whose/ of which whose〔在从句中作定语〕※限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句①. 限制性定语从句起修饰限制的作用，是主句不可少的一局部，与先行词无逗号隔开，翻译成中文常译成前置定语----- 〝...的人〔或东西〕〞。
从句不能省略，去掉它主句意思往往不明白；Those who want to go, sign their names on the paper.②. 非限制性定语从句对先行词起补充说明的作用，可有可无，省去不影响句子的意思，常用逗号隔开，翻译成并列分句。
2019-２020年高考英语一轮复习语法专项突破6第六讲定语从句随堂巩固即时提升北师大版120１9-20２0年高考英语一轮复习语法专项突破６第六讲定语从句随堂巩固即时提升北师大版Ⅰ单句语法填空1．(xx·广东七校联合体联考)This womａn has ｓｅt a ｇo ｏｄｅxampｌe to herｓｏｎ，_＿_____＿_＿__is a reall ｙluckｙguy.who解析：考查定语从句。
分析该句结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为hｅr son，故用who。
2.(ｘx·安徽师大附中高三阶段性测试)Ovｅr the yｅars,I hａve mｅtｓome ｉnｔeresｔｉng peoplｅ.Two of ｔhｅｍoｓt intｅrestiｎg people weｒe two ｅlderly sisters，JoanａnｄBerｎice，＿_______＿_＿_wａy of talkiｎg ａbouｔｐeo ｐle inspｉred ｍe.whose解析:考查定语从句。
whose引导非限制性定语从句,在从句中作定语,先行词为Joan and Bernicｅ。
3．（ｘx·河南、河北七所名校联考)The shelｔer,________＿＿__is designed fｏr the ｔｈoｕｓands ｏf ｔrａders anｄｓhｏｐｐｅrｓatＢangｋok’s nighｔmａrket，hａs b ｅe ａｎattraｃtion itseｌf.which解析:考查定语从句。
先行词是Tｈeｓhｅlter，空处引导非限制性定语从句，且在从句中作主语，故用wｈich。
4.(xx·湖南岳阳一中检测）The old man turned ｈis busin ｅsｓovｅr ｔo his yｏuｎger son，________＿＿_＿maｄe hｉｓｅlder son dｉsｃouraged．whicｈ解析：句意:那位老人把生意交给了小儿子，这使他的大儿子很沮丧。
设空处引导非限制性定语从句,指代前面一整句话的内容，并在从句中作主语,故填whiｃｈ。
5.（xｘ·安徽安庆一中模拟)Ｉｗｉll ｎevｅr forgｅt suc ｈa beautｉｆul viｌｌage ____＿_______I ｓpeｎt my childhｏod witｈｍｙｇrandpaｒenｔs.wheｒｅ解析：句意：我永远不会忘记那个如此美丽的村庄，在那里我和祖父母一起度过我的童年。
设空处引导定语从句，先行词是ｖｉｌlage，且在从句中作地点状语,因此用whｅｒe 引导,相当于in which。
６.(xx·吉林省实验中学模拟）There thｅy met pｅｏｐle from othｅｒpａrts oｆthｅｃounｔrｙ，_______＿＿___had alｓo voluntｅered to help.who解析：句意:在那里他们遇到了从这个国家其他地方来的人,他们也是自愿来帮忙的。
分析句子结构可知，设空处应是非限制性定语从句的引导词,先行词是pｅopｌｅ，从句缺少主语，故填关系代词who。
７.（ｘx·浙江台州书生中学月考)Bob iｓｉｎa hopeｌｅss situatｉoｎ，_＿_____＿____we will keep a very cｌose eye on．ｗhich解析:句意:鲍勃现在正处于绝望的境地，我们将持续密切关注。
此处是非限制性定语从句的引导词,先行词是sｉｔuation，从句中介词o ｎ后面缺少宾语，故填whicｈ。
８．(xx·浙江平阳二中期中)Tａke an ａcｔiveｐａｒｔin the actiｖｉtieｓyｏｕenjoy＿___________you cａn ｍaｋe mａny friｅndｓ．wｈere／and解析:句意:积极参加你喜欢的活动,在这些活动中你能交到很多朋友。
分析句子结构可知，设空处引导定语从句,先行词是ａcｔi ｖiｔies，在句中作地点状语，故用关系副词whｅrｅ引导。
也可填anｄ,构成“祈使句+and ＋陈述句”结构。
9.（xｘ·江苏泰州一中模拟)Tｈoseｗho can aｃhｉeve high ｇradｅｓin clａｓs tend to ｂewｅakｉｎｈandｌing somｅprａcticａl probleｍs,_____＿__＿___ｉs oftｅn theｃasｅ.as解析：句意：那些能在课堂上取得高分的人往往不擅长解决实际问题，这是常有的事情。
ａs iｓofｔen ｔｈｅcaｓe意为“这是常有的事情”,为固定用法。
10.Ｈaｖiｎg ｔea in ｔｈｅlate aftｅrnｏｏn providesa ｂrｉdｇeｂｅtwｅｅn ｌｕｎｃh ａｎｄdinner,_＿_____＿＿_＿＿might noｔbe servｅd unｔil8 o’c ｌock atｎigｈt．wｈich解析：which引导非限制性定语从句,在从句中作主语。
Ⅱ单句改错1．(xx·湖北八校第一次联考)Aｌｔogetｈｅr I had fivｅroo ｍmateｓ,twｏof ｗhｉｃｈａrrivedlatｅr.__＿___＿_______＿_＿___ which→wｈoｍ解析：考查定语从句。
分析句子结构可知，应用whom引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作介词of的宾语,修饰先行词five roｏmmate ｓ。
２．（ｘx·江西名校联盟检测）Oｎe day,Marｇａretｔo ｌｄme ｈeｒgrandma ｗas ing and herpａreｎtｓｗoｕld ｗaｎt my bａｓement ｒoom bａck,ｗhaｔdidｎ’t surｐriseme.___＿__＿___＿__＿_＿_＿__what→wｈｉch解析:分析句子结构可知,which在此引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整句话的内容,且在从句中作主语。
3.(xx·福建普通高中检测)Ｔherｅarｅthｒee ｐeopｌe in my fａmily and I’ｍtｈe onlｙchｉld，who is vｅry moｎin Cｈｉnese famｉｌies.＿_＿____________＿＿_＿_whｏ→wｈicｈ解析：whicｈ引导定语从句代替前面整句话内容。
4．(xx·浙江杭州质检)Mｏst iｍporｔantly，livｉng with yoｕr fｒｉｅnds wilｌimprｏｖeyouｒteａm sｐiriｔ, tｈａt wiｌl ｂe bｅneｆｉciaｌto your ｆｕture careeｒ．_＿＿_＿______＿________thａt→wｈicｈ解析：从句前有逗号，故为非限制性定语从句,关系词指代前面整句话的内容，故应用whｉch引导。
ｔhat不能引导非限制性定语从句。
２０19－2020年高考英语一轮复习语法专项突破９第九讲助动词情态动词和虚拟语气随堂巩固即时提升北师大版Ⅰ单句语法填空１.(xx·江西师大附中等五校联考)Iｔｈａｓbeen accept ｅdｔhａｔａll the sｔuｄents _＿＿_＿＿＿_＿__＿puｔon mａsｋs bｅｆore gｏing to school in case tｈey are infeｃte ｄｗｉth flu ｖirｕs.shaｌl解析:在第三人称作主语的陈述句中，表示规定、制度,应用shａll。
2.(xｘ·天津卷单项填空)My ｒoomｉs a mｅsｓ, ｂｕｔＩ＿________＿__ｎot clｅan it beforｅI gｏouｔtonight.I ｃａn do it in ｔhｅmorｎiｎg．need解析：由后面的“I can do ｉtｉｎthe mornｉng.”可知，此处表示“没必要今晚打扫”,故用need符合语意。
3.（xx·四川卷短文改错)Whａｔdｏｙou ｔhｉnk I ｓhoｕld do？Ｉf you _＿____＿____＿（be）me,ｗoｕld yｏu talk to them？ｗeｒe解析：根据语境可知，此处Iｆ引导的虚拟条件句是对现在事实的假设，条件状语从句中的谓语动词应用过去式。
4．(江苏卷）Ｉt was ｓad to me that they,so pooｒthemsｅｌvｅs,________＿_＿_bring me ｆooｄ．ｓｈouｌd解析:句意：让我难过的是，他们自己那么贫穷，竟然还给我带来食物。
should可以表示说话人惊讶的语气,意为“竟然”。
5．（xx·四川成都七中段考)Tｈe youｎｇfirｅｆigｈteｒi ｎsｉstｅｄｔhａtｈe _＿＿_＿_＿＿____(be) ｗｅｌlpｒｅpaｒed ａnd shoｕlｄbe sent there to pｕt out tｈｅｆire.was解析:句意：那位年轻的消防员坚持说他准备好了,并且坚持要去那里救火。
当iｎsｉst意为“坚持说;坚持认为”时用陈述语气，且根据主句时态为一般过去时可知，从句也应用过去时。
且此处表达的是说话时所处的一种状态,故用一般过去时。
故填was。
6.(xx·安徽黄山质检)—I’ｍafrａid Ｉhaｖｅto ｌｅａｖe now, fｏr ｙoｕsee，he is wａiｔinｇｆoｒme.—Welｌ，iｆyou__＿___＿＿___＿，at lｅａst wait tiｌl ｔhe heａｖy rain stoｐs.ｍｕst解析：句意:——恐怕现在我不得不离开了,因为你知道，他在等我。
——好的，如果你非得走,至少要等到大雨停了再走。
根据语境可知填mｕｓt，意为“偏要；非得”。
７.（xx·安徽江淮十校联考)As the ｄeadline is drａwｉng near，ｎo one__＿_＿_＿___＿_leavｅwiｔh his ｏwｎwork unpletｅd．sｈall解析：句意：由于截止日期即将到来,不完成工作，任何人不许离开。
shａll 用于第三人称陈述句中，表示命令、警告，符合句意。
8．(四川卷)I ｓtiｌl reｍeｍber mｙhａppy cｈｉldhood whｅn my motｈer＿__＿＿_______ｔakｅme tｏDisneylanｄat weekｅnｄs.wｏｕld解析：句意:我还记得自己快乐的童年,那时,我妈妈常常在周末带我去迪斯尼乐园。
