2021湖南省长郡中学高二上入学考试试卷

长郡中学2021-2022度第二第一学期入学考试物理一、选择题（本题包括12小题，每小题4分，共48分，每小题给出的四个选项中，1~8题只有一个选项正确，9~12题有多个选项正确，全部选对的得4分，选对但不全的得2分，有选错的得0分）1.一质点沿轴正方向做直线运动，通过坐标原点时开始计时，其的图象如图所示，则（）A. 质点做匀速直线运动，速度为0.5m/sB. 质点做匀加速直线运动，加速度为0.5m/s2C. 质点在第1s内的平均速度0.75m/sD. 质点在1s末速度为1.5m/s【答案】D【解析】【详解】由图得：=0.5+0.5t。

根据匀变速直线运动的位移公式x=v0t+at2，得：=v0+at，对比可得：v0=0.5m/s，a=1m/s2，则质点做初速度为0.5m/s、加速度为a=1m/s2的匀加速直线运动，故AB错误；质点在第1s末速度为：v=v0+at=0.5+1=1.5m/s。

则质点在第1s内的平均速度为：，故C错误，D正确；故选D。

【点睛】本题的实质上是速度-时间图象的应用，关键要运用数学知识得到函数式，分析质点的运动性质，再根据图象读取有用信息．2.一质点做匀加速直线运动时，速度变化Δv时发生位移x1，紧接着速度变化同样的Δv时发生位移x2，则该质点的加速度为( )A. B. C. D.【答案】D【解析】【分析】根据匀变速直线运动的速度位移公式，结合两段过程中速度的变化量相等，联立求出质点的加速度．【详解】设匀加速的加速度a，物体的速度分别为v1、v2和v3；据运动学公式可知，v22−v12＝2ax1，v32−v22＝2ax2，且v2-v1=v3-v2=△v；联立以上三式解得：a=。

故选D。

3.如图所示为两个等量点电荷的电场线，图中A点和B点、C点和D点皆关于两电荷连线的中点O对称，若将一电荷放在此电场中，则以下说法正确的是（）A. 电荷在O点受力最大B. 电荷沿直线由A到B的过程中，电场力先增大后减小C. 电荷沿直线由A到B的过程中，电势能先增大后减小D. 电荷沿直线由C到D的过程中，电场力先增大后减小【答案】D【解析】试题分析：根据电场线的疏密特点，在AB直线上，O点电场强度最小，则受到电场力最小，而在CD直线上，O点的电场强度最大，则受到电场力最大，因此电荷在0点受力不是最大，故A错误．根据电场线的疏密可知，从A到B的过程中，电场强度先减小后增大，则电场力也先减小后增大；同理从C到D的过程中，电场强度先增大后减小，则电场力也先增大后减小．故B错误，D正确，电荷沿直线由A到B的过程中，无法确定电荷做功的正负，因此无法确定电势能变化，故C错误．故选D。

2021-2022学年湖南省长沙市长郡中学高二（上）入学考试物理试题一、单项选择题本题共6小题，每小题4分，共24分。

每小题只有一个选项符合题目要求。

1.如图所示，一物块放在倾斜的木板上，当木板的倾角增大时，物体由静止变为运动，发现倾角θ为30°和37°时，物块所受摩擦力的大小恰好相等，则物块与木板间的动摩擦因数为（）A.12B.√33C.58D.342.A、B两木块自左向右做匀加速直线运动，现用高速摄影机在同一底片上多次曝光，记录下木块每次曝光时的位置，如图所示，曝光的时间间隔相等，则（）A.t2时刻，A木块速度大于B木块速度B.t2时刻，A木块速度小于B木块速度C.t1时刻，A木块速度大于B木块速度D.t1时刻，A木块速度小于B木块速度3.如图所示，一块光滑薄绝缘板水平放置，距离薄板上､下ℎ处依次有电荷量为+Q和电荷量为−Q的两个点电荷，一个电荷量为+q(q≪Q)的绝缘小球从绝缘板的左端以初速度v0向右运动，并一直沿着绝缘板表面到达板的右端，则在小球通过薄板的过程中（）A.先减速运动，后加速运动B.先加速运动，后减速运动C.先减速运动，后加速运动，再减速运动D.一直匀速运动4. 在一次足球比赛中，球从位于球门正前方的罚球点踢出后，在空中飞行的速率与时间的关系如图所示。

已知球在2时刻刚好飞入球门，不计空气阻力，则罚球点到球门的距离为（）A.v2t2B.v1t2C.v3t2D.(v2+v3)t225.转盘游戏中，游客坐在水平转盘上随转盘一起转动，所有游客和转盘间动摩擦因数相同且最大静摩擦力等于滑动摩擦力。

当转盘加速转动至最大速度时，最后没有被甩出的人胜出，则（）A.质量越大的游客越容易获胜B.质量越小的游客越容易获胜C.距离转盘中心越近的游客越容易获胜D.距离转盘中心越远的游客越容易获胜6.2019年4月10日，事件视界望远镜（EHT）项目团队发布了人类历史上的首张黑洞照片，我国科学家也参与其中做出了巨大贡献。

长郡中学2020-2021学年度高二第一学期入学考试物理时量：90分钟满分：100分得分__________一、单项选择题：本题共10小题，每小题3分，共30分.每小题只有一个选项符合题目要求.1.在力学理论建立的过程中，有许多伟大的科学家做出了贡献.关于科学家和他们的贡献，下列说法正确的是A.伽利略发现了行星运动的规律B.牛顿通过实验测出了引力常量C.牛顿最早指出力不是维持物体运动的原因D.笛卡尔对牛顿第一定律的建立做出了贡献2.关于运动和力，下列说法中正确的是A.物体受到恒定合外力作用时，一定做匀速直线运动B.物体受到变化的合外力作用时，它的运动速度大小一定变化C.物体做曲线运动时，合外力方向一定与瞬时速度方向垂直D.所有做曲线运动的物体，所受的合外力一定与瞬时速度方向不在一条直线上3.在同一条直线上运动的P、Q两个物体在t=0时经过同一个位置，它们运动的速度—时间图象如图所示，则下列说法正确的是A.在0~3s内P做匀减速直线运动，Q做匀速直线运动B.在0~1s内两物体逐渐靠近C.在t=2s时两物体相遇D.在0~3s内两物体的位移相等4.图中a、b是两个位于固定斜面上的正方形物块，它们的质量相等.F是沿水平方向作用于a上的外力.已知a、b的接触面和a、b与斜面的接触面都是光滑的.则下列说法正确的是A.a 、b 一定沿斜面向上运动B.a 对b 的作用力沿水平方向C.a 、b 对斜面的正压力相等D.a 受到的合力沿水平方向的分力等于b 受到的合力沿水平方向的分力5.如图，一质量为M 的光滑大圆环，用一细轻杆固定在竖直平面内；套在大圆环上的质量为m 的小环（可视为质点），从大圆环的最高处由静止滑下，重力加速度为g.当小圆环滑到大圆环的最低点时，大圆环对轻杆拉力的大小为A.Mg-5mgB.Mg+mgC.Mg+5mgD.Mg+10mg6.2020年2月15日，北斗导航系统第41颗卫星（地球同步卫星，离地高度约36000km ）、第49颗卫星（倾斜地球同步轨道卫星）、第50、51颗卫星（中圆地球轨道卫星，离地高度约20000km ）已完成在轨测试，正式入网工作，推进了中国2020年建成覆盖全球的北斗卫星导航系统计划顺利实施.下列说法正确的是A.中圆地球轨道卫星周期大于24小时B.地球同步卫星的发射速度小于第一宇宙速度C.倾斜地球同步轨道卫星不会静止在北京上空D.中圆地球轨道卫星比地球同步卫星线速度小7.质量为m 的汽车，启动后沿平直路面行驶，如果发动机的功率恒为P ，且行驶过程中受到摩擦阻力大小一定，汽车速度能够达到的最大值为v ，那么当汽车的车速为4v时，汽车的瞬时加速度的大小为A.P mvB.2P mvC.3P mvD.4P mv★8.高空作业须系安全带，如果质量为m 的高空作业人员不慎跌落，从开始跌落到安全带对人刚产生作用力前人下落的距离为h （可视为自由落体运动）.此后经历时间t 安全带达到最大伸长，若在此过程中该作用力始终竖直向上，则该段时间安全带对人的平均作用力大小为mg + mg -mg mg - 9.A 、B 、C 三点在同一直线上，AB ：BC=1：2，B 点位于A 、C 之间，在B 处固定一电荷量为Q 的点电荷.当在A 处放一电荷量为+q 的点电荷时，它所受到的电场力为F ；移去A 处电荷，在C 处放电荷量为-2q 的点电荷，其所受电场力为 A.2F -B.2F C.-F D.F10.电场线分布如图所示，以下说法正确的是A.a 点电势低于b 点电势B.c 点场强大于b 点场强C.若将一检验电荷+q 由b 点移至a 点，它的电势能增大D.若在d 点再固定一点电荷-Q ，将一检验电荷+q 由a 移至b 的过程中，电势能增大二、多项选择题：本题共5小题，每小题3分，共15分.每小题有多个选项符合题目要求.全部选对的得3分，选对但不全的得2分，有选错的得0分.★11.如图所示，将一小球从空中A 点以水平速度0v 抛出，经过一段时间后，小球以大小为3v 0的速度经过B 点，不计空气阻力，重力加速度为g ，则小球从A 到BA.经过的时间为3v gB.速度增量为0，方向竖直向下C.水平位移为2gD.下落高度为203v g12.假设宇航员到达某个星球表面，他在星球上做了一个实验。

长郡中学新高二入学考试数学模拟试卷数 学时量：120分钟 满分：100分一、单选题(共12小题，每小题3分，共36分，每小题只有一个正确答案) 1.若集合{}210A x ax x =∈++=R 中只有一个元素，则a 的值为() A.14B.12C.0D.0或142.i 是虚数单位，复数21iz =−，则z 在复平面内对应的点在( )A.第一象限B.第二象限C.第三象限D.第四象限3.已知奇函数()f x 是定义在R 上的单调函数，若正实数a ，b 满足()()240f a f b +−=则121a b++的最小值是()A.23B.43C.2D.44.对任意[]1,1a ∈−，函数()()2442f x x a x a =+−+−的值恒大于零，则x 的取值范围是()A.13x << B.1x <或3x > C.12x << D.1x <或2x >5.已知()11,A x y ，()22,B x y 是函数2xy =图象上两个不同的点，若1224x x +=，则y 1+y 22的最小值为( )A.2B.4C.8D.106.已知把函数()3sin cos 34f x x x π⎛⎫=+− ⎪⎝⎭的图象向右平移3π个单位长度，再把横坐标缩小到原来一半，纵坐标不变，得到函数()g x 的图象，若()()1214g x g x ⋅=，若[]12,,x x ππ∈−，则12x x −的最大值为()A.πB.34π C.32π D.2π7.如图，在ABC △中，2AD DB =，3AE EC =，CD 与BE 交于F ，AF xAB yAC =+，则(),x y 为( )A.11,32⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭B.11,32⎛⎫− ⎪⎝⎭C.11,23⎛⎫− ⎪⎝⎭D.11,23⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭8.如图ABCDEF 为五面体，其中四边形ABCD 为矩形，//EF AB ，3332AB EF AD ===，ADE △和BCF △都是正三角形，则该五面体的体积为( )A.723B.423 C.2D.3229.x 是12100,,,x x x 的平均数，a 是1240,,,x x x 的平均数，b 是4142100,,,x x x 的平均数，则下列各式正确的是( )A.4060100a bx +=B.6040100a bx +=C.x a b =+D.2a bx +=10.甲、乙二人玩猜数字游戏，先由甲任想一数字，记为a ，再由乙猜甲刚才想的数字，把乙猜出的数字记为b ，且{},1,2,3,4a b ∈，若1ab ≤，则称甲乙“心有灵犀”.现任意找两个人玩这个游戏，则他们“心有灵犀”的概率为( )A.38B.58C.316D.51611.在三棱锥A BCD −中，平面ABD ⊥平面BCD ，BD CD ⊥，且3AB BD DA ===，3CD =，则三棱锥A BCD −的外接球的表面积为( )A.154πB.15πC.32πD.6π12.在锐角ABC △中，角A ，B ，C 的对边分别为a ，b ，c ，S 为ABC △的面积，且()222S a b c =−−，则222b c bc+的取值范围为( )A.4359,1515⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭B.4322,15⎡⎫⎪⎢⎣⎭C.5922,15⎡⎫⎪⎢⎣⎭D.)22,⎡+∞⎣二、多选题(共3个小题，每小题3分，共9分，每小题答案不全得1分，多选或错选得0分)13.下列说法正确的是( )A.用简单随机抽样的方法从含有50个个体的总体中抽取一个容量为5的样本，则个体m 被抽到的概率是0.1；B.已知一组数据1，2，m ，6，7的平均数为4，则这组数据的方差是5；C.数据27，12，14，30，15，17，19，23的第70百分位数是23；D.若样本数据1210,,,x x x 的标准差为8，则121021,21,,21x x x −−−的标准差为1614.已知函数()()()sin 0f x x ωϕω=+>在,2ππ⎡⎤⎢⎥⎣⎦上是单调函数，且()()02f f ππ⎛⎫==−− ⎪⎝⎭.则ω的可能取值为( )A.23B.2C.13D.115.已知边长为a 的菱形ABCD 中，3ADC π∠=，将ADC △沿AC 翻折，下列说法正确的是( )A.在翻折的过程中，直线AD ，BC 所成角的范围是0,2π⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭B.在翻折的过程中，三棱锥D ABC −体积最大值为38aC.在翻折过程中，三棱锥D ABC −表面积最大时，其内切球表面积为()21483a π−D.在翻折的过程中，点D 在面ABC 上的投影为D '，E 为棱CD 上的一个动点，ED '的最小值为34a 三、填空题(共5个题，每小题3分，共15分)16.若()()211i z a a =−+−为纯虚数，其中a ∈R ，则2i1ia a ++等于__________.17.设函数()f x 是定义在R 上的周期为2的奇函数，当01x <<时，()4xf x =，则()520212f f ⎛⎫−+= ⎪⎝⎭__________. 18.如图，已知二面角A BC D −−，2AB =，2BC =，3CD =，7AD =，且AB BC ⊥，CD BC ⊥，则二面角A BC D −−的余弦值为__________. 19.函数()f x 的定义域为D ，若满足：(1)()f x 在D 内是单调函数；(2)存在,22m n D ⎡⎤⊆⎢⎥⎣⎦，使得()f x 在,22m n ⎡⎤⎢⎥⎣⎦上的值域为[],m n ，那么就称函数()f x 为“梦想函数”.若函数()()()log 0,1xa f x a ta a =+>≠是“梦想函数”，则t 的取值范围是______________.20.在ABC △中，222sin sin sin sin sin B C A B C +−=，点D 在线段BC 上，且3BC BD =，2AD =，则BAC ∠______；ABC △面积的最大值为______.四、解答题(共5个大题，每题8分，共40分)21.某家水果店的店长为了解本店苹果的日销售情况，记录了近期连续120天苹果的日销售量(单位：kg )，并绘制频率分布直方图如下：(1)请根据频率分布直方图估计该水果店苹果日销售量的众数和平均数；(同一组中的数据以这组数据所在区间中点的值作代表)(2)一次进货太多，水果会变得不新鲜；进货太少，又不能满足顾客的需求.店长希望每天的苹果尽量新鲜，又能80%地满足顾客的需求(在10天中，大约有8天可以满足顾客的需求).请问每天应该进多少千克苹果？(精确到整数位)22.袋中有9个大小相同颜色不全相同的小球，分别为黑球、黄球、绿球，从中任意取一球，得到黑球或黄球的概率是59，得到黄球或绿球的概率是23，试求： (1)从中任取一球，得到黑球、黄球、绿球的概率各是多少？ (2)从中任取两个球，得到的两个球颜色不相同的概率是多少？23.在ABC △中，内角A ，B ，C 所对的边分别为a ，b ，c ，且满足()sin cos bA B C a+=−. (1)求角A ；(2)若4b c −=，ABC △的外接圆半径为ABC △的边BC 上的高.24.如图，已知四棱锥P ABCE −中，PA ⊥平面ABCE ，平面PAB ⊥平面PBC ，且1AB =，2BC =，BE =，点A 在平面PCE 内的射影恰为PCE △的重心G .(1)证明：BC AB ⊥；(2)求直线CG 与平面PBC 所成角的正弦值.25.如图，矩形ABCD 中，AB =4BC =，点M ，N 分别在线段AB ，CD (含端点)上，P 为AD 的中点，PM PN ⊥，设APM α∠=.(1)求角α的取值范围；(2)求出PMN △的周长l 关于角α的函数解析式()f a ，并求PMN △的周长l 的最小值及此时α的值.长郡中学新高二入学考试数学模拟数学参考答案一、选择题二、选择题三、填空题16.i17.2−18.319.1,04⎛⎫− ⎪⎝⎭20.3π 2四、解答题21.【解析】(1)如图示：区间[)80,90频率最大，所以众数为85，平均数为：()650.0025750.01850.04950.0351050.011150.002510x =⨯+⨯+⨯+⨯+⨯+⨯⨯89.75=.(2)日销售量[)60,90的频率为0.5250.8<，日销量[)60,100的频率为0.8750.8>， 故所求的量位于[)90,100.由0.80.0250.10.40.275=---，得0.27590980.035+≈， 故每天应该进98千克苹果.22.【解析】(1)从中任取一球，分别记得到黑球、黄球、绿球为事件A ，B ，C ，由于A ，B ，C 为互斥事件，根据已知，得()()()()()()()()()()59231P A B P A P B P B C P B P C P A B C P A P B P C ⎧+=+=⎪⎪⎪+=+=⎨⎪++=++=⎪⎪⎩，解得()()()132949P A P B P C ⎧=⎪⎪⎪=⎨⎪⎪=⎪⎩，所以，任取一球，得到黑球、黄球、绿球的概率分别是13，29，49. (2)由(1)知黑球、黄球、绿球个数分别为3，2，4， 从9个球中取出2个球的样本空间中共有36个样本点，其中两个是黑球的样本点是3个，两个黄球的是1个，两个绿球的是6个， 于是，两个球同色的概率为31653618++=， 则两个球颜色不相同的概率是51311818−=. 23.【解析】(1)由()sin cos bA B C a=−＋， 得sin cos bC C a+=，即sin cos a C a C b +=， 由正弦定理，得sin sin sin cos sin sin cos sin cos A C A C B A C C A +==+， 即sin sin sin cos A C C A =. 又sin 0C ≠，所以sin cos A A =， 即tan 1A =. 又0A π<<， 所以4A π=.(2)由正弦定理得64a π==，由余弦定理得()(22222cos 236a b c bc A b c bc =+−=−+=，所以(102bc =+，设ABC △的BC 边上的高为h ， 因为ABC △的面积11sin 22S bc A ah ==， 所以ABC △的边BC 上的高()()21022521sin 263bc Ah a+⨯+===.24.【解析】(1)过A 作AD PB ⊥于D ，因为平面PAB ⊥平面PBC ，平面PAB 平面PBC PB =，AD ⊂平面PAB ，∴AD ⊥平面PBC ， ∵BC ⊂平面PBC ， ∴AD BC ⊥.又PA ⊥平面ABCE ，BC ⊂平面ABCE ， ∴PA BC ⊥， 又PAAD A =，∴BC ⊥平面PAB ， ∵AB ⊂平面PAB ， ∴BC AB ⊥.(2)连结PG 并延长交CE 于M ，连结AM ，以B 为原点，分别以BA ，BC 所在的直线为x ，y 轴，以过B 且与平面ABCE 垂直的直线为z 轴，建立空间直角坐标系，如图所示，则()0,0,0B ，()1,0,0A ，()0,2,0C ，设(),,0E x y ，∵AG ⊥平面PCE ，CE ⊂平面PCE ， ∴AG CE ⊥，同理PA CE ⊥， 又AGPA A =，∴CE 平面PAM ， ∴CE AM ⊥， 又G 是PCE △的重心， ∴M 是CE 的中点，∴AC AE =，由(1)知，BC AB ⊥，∴5AC AE ==，(),,0BE x y =，()1,,0AE x y =−，∴()2222815x y x y ⎧+=⎪⎨−+=⎪⎩，解得22x y =⎧⎨=⎩， ∴()2,2,0E ，设AP a =，则()1,0,P a ，故41,,33a G ⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭， ∴40,,33a AG ⎛⎫= ⎪⎝⎭，21,,33a CG ⎛⎫=− ⎪⎝⎭， ∴280099a AG GC⋅=−+=，∴a = ∴(P ，∴()1,0,22BP =，()0,2,0BC =，2221,,33CG ⎛⎫=−⎪ ⎪⎝⎭， 设平面PBC 的法向量为(),,n x y z =，则0220200BP n x z y BC n ⎧⎧⋅=+=⎪⎪⇒⎨⎨=⋅=⎪⎪⎩⎩，令1z =，则()22,0,1n =−， 设直线CG与平面PBC所成角为θ，则22sin 63CG nCG nθ−⋅===⋅，故直线CG 与平面PBC 所成角的正弦值为63. 25.【解析】(1)由题意，当点M 位于点B 时，角α取最大值，此时tan α=因为02πα<<，所以3πα=，当点N 位于点C 时，DPN ∠取得最大值，角α取最小值， 由对称性知此时3DPN π∠=，所以min 236πππα=−=，所以角α的取值范围是,63ππ⎡⎤⎢⎥⎣⎦.(2)在直角PAM △中，cos PAPMα=且2PA =， 所以2cos PM α=，在直角PDN △中，cos cos sin 2PD PDN PN παα⎛⎫∠=−== ⎪⎝⎭且2PD =， 所以2sin PN α=， 在PMN △中，由勾股定理得2222222444cos sin cos sin MN PM PN αααα=+=+=， 因为,63ππα⎡⎤∈⎢⎥⎣⎦， 所以sin 0α>，cos 0α>， 所以2cos sin MN αα=，所以()()21sin cos 222sin cos sin cos sin cos fααααααααα++=++=，,63ππα⎡⎤∈⎢⎥⎣⎦，令sin cos 4t πααα⎛⎫=+=+ ⎪⎝⎭，因为,63ππα⎡⎤∈⎢⎥⎣⎦，可得57,41212πππα⎡⎤+∈⎢⎥⎣⎦，所以4t πα⎛⎫=+∈ ⎪⎝⎭⎣，又由21sin cos 2t αα−=，可得()()2214112t f t t t +==−−， 因为函数()f t在区间12+⎣上单调递减，当t =时，())min 41f t ==，此时4t πα⎛⎫=+= ⎪⎝⎭4πα=，所以当4πα=时，PMN △的周长l取得最小值，最小值为)41+.。

湖南省长沙市长郡中学2020-2021学年高二上学期入学考试英语试题学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________一、阅读选择World's Best Summer Music FestivalsThe Governors Ball Music FestivalA relative newcomer to the summer music festival scene, the Governors Ball offers a variety of performers and a taste of New York culture. Visitors can catch sets from rock, electronica, and performers, all while tasting food from popular New York City restaurants. To take a break from the music, festival-goers can participate in activities such as Silent Disco or lawn(草坪) games.WHERE: New York CityWHEN: June 3-5Roskilde FestivalCreated by two Danish college students, Roskilde has developed from a hippie(嬉皮士) gathering ground to a mainstream music festival. The festival attracts an international following and features performances from more than 3 ,000 artists. Bands include a mix of contemporary and lesser-known performers. and visitors can watch their favorite artists perform inside large tents.WHERE: Roskilde, DenmarkWHEN: June 25-July 2Montreux Jazz FestivalSet on Lake Geneva's beautiful shoreline. the Montreux Jazz Festival attracts a global audience. Founded in 1967 as a jazz-only festival, Montreux has since evolved into atwo-week-long showcase that attracts more than 200. 000 music enthusiasts. Performances don't end on the shore; visitors can catch themed shows from boats and train cars.WHERE: Montreux, SwitzerlandWHEN: July 1-16Rock al ParqueRock al Parque is proud of an attendance of 88, 600 visitors a day. Most music festivals require tickets, but the participation in the three-day festival is free of charge. Festival-goersline up to watch performances from some of Latin America's most popular artists, but the festival also offers sets from international bands.WHERE: Bogota, ColombiaWHEN: July 2-41．What can you do at the Governors Ball Music Festival?A．Dance in local restaurants. B．Take part in relaxing activities. C．Watch performances from boats. D．Enjoy food from the whole country. 2．What do we know about Roskilde Festival?A．It lasts the longest time.B．Its modern Jazz is popular.C．It provides themed shows to visitors.D．Its foundation originates with two college students.3．Which festival does not charge an admission fee?A．Roskilde Festival. B．Rock al Parque.C．Montreux Jazz Festival. D．The Governors Ball Music Festival.Just over 12 months ago I gave myself a challenge: give up spending on all but the essentials for a whole year. It hasn't always been easy, but a year on I am wealthier and wiser. Embarrassingly, I have also realised just how much money I've squandered down the pubs in restaurants and through mindless shopping.Free of any financial worries, I was spending without thinking. Stuck in a cycle of consumerism, I was struggling in vain to spend my way to happiness. Giving up spending for a year was an extreme approach, but I wanted to taste extreme frugality, shake up my spending patterns and overpay my mortgage instead of shopping. I could continue to pay my bills, including mortgages, broadband(宽带), phone bill, charity donations, life insurances, money to help my family and basic groceries.It was not easy, especially in the first few months. There were lows, such as when I missed my favourite jazz concerts and hit films. There have also been some awkward moments when I've turned up to a friend's house for dinner empty-handed. I did a lot of washing up at my friends' houses in return this year.I did find new ways to live, however. Using sites such as Eventbrite I have been to film screenings, wine tasting evenings and theatre productions for free. Living in London I have awealth of free cultural activities on my doorstep and I've been to more art exhibitions this year than ever before. I even managed a free holiday, cycling theSuffolk and Norfolk coast and camping on beaches. It's something I'd never done before and probably wouldn't have, were it not for the challenge.The last 12 months have taught me what things I really need. I can honestly say I' m happier now. I've gained confidence and skills, done things and met lovely people I wouldn't have otherwise done or met.4．In the past the author wasted much money on the following EXCEPT . A．purposeless shopping B．basic groceriesC．restaurants D．pubs5．We can infer that the purpose of the author's no-spending challenge is to .A．try to form a virtue of frugality B．change her former spending habits C．pay off her mortgage as soon as possible D．reserve money for her everyday bills 6．What do we know about the author during her no-spending year?A．She did a lot of washing and cooking in pubs.B．She tried cycling and camping for the first time.C．She explored more cultural activities in London.D．She attended concerts and wine evenings for free.7．How does the author eventually feel about her no spending year?A．It's discouraging. B．It's challenging.C．It's beneficial. D．It's embarrassing.Like you and your pet dog, plants are living things: they eat, drink, and grow. Unlike you and your dog, they can't run away, use fists or teeth, or hide under the covers when they're threatened. But they can fight back.Why would a plant need to fight back? To avoid being eaten, of course! Plants have several ways of protecting themselves. A plant can grow in a hidden or hard-to-get-to place. Think of plants you've seen growing on steep, rocky cliff (悬崖). Or, a plant could make only some parts of itself attractive to hungry insects and animals. For instance, if a plant produced really tasty leaves, herbivores (creatures that eat only plants) might eat the leaves instead of the seeds, which the plant needs for making more plants. Some plants have sharp or slippery (滑的) parts that discourage insects and other animals from getting too close, like the thorns(刺) on arosebush.But the most interesting way that plants fight back is by using chemicals. Plants take minerals from the soil and combine them into chemicals that do a lot of work. For example, plants produce chlorophyll(叶绿素), which helps convert sunshine and water into the sugars that plants eat.They also produce chemicals to help protect themselves. One kind of tobacco plant releases a chemical into the air whenever small bugs begin to eat it. The chemical signals large bugs, saying "Dinner's ready!" The big bugs come to eat the little ones and save the plant.Most plants use chemicals in a more direct way against their enemies. In other words, plants make poison.8．What does the underlined word "convert" mean?A．Change B．SeparateC．Form D．Produce9．What do we know from the passage?A．Some plants hide under the covers when faced with threat.B．A plant grows in a hard-to-get-to place to draw people's attention.C．Some plants produce tasty leaves to protect their seeds.D．Plants produce chemicals to meet the needs of big bugs.10．What may be talked about following the last paragraph?A．Different effects that different plant poisons cause on plant eaters.B．Different kinds of plants in the world.C．Why plants make poison?D．How to protect plants?11．What would be the best title for the passage?A．Plant information. B．Plant enemies.C．Plant poisons. D．Plant protection.Clean drinking water is something we might take for granted at home, but not so for travelers. The epiphany moment for Samuel Ian Rosen came when he found himself at an airport selling out $ 5 for a bottle of Evian water.“Nobody up till now has built a digital map for drinking water,” Rosen, a serial entrepreneur(企业家), said in an interview. “Finding water is inconvenient. When I opened adigital map and typed ‘water fountain’, there wa s nothing. We solved it by building a digital map for water. We are a search engine. We tell you where the water is.”Beginning October 23, consumers in cities from New York and Los Angeles to Amsterdam and New Delhi will be able to download an app called “Tap” on their mobile phones that will help them find the closest free public drinking fountains and water bottle refill stations at places like airports. They can also refill(再装满) their bottles at over 34,000 cafes. Restaurants and other businesses-from Umami Burger and Shake Shack to Sweetgreen and Barry's Bootcamp-have signed on globally in the Tap's Refill Station network. Rosen said that number is rapidly growing.The app allows users to narrow their search by such criteria as whether the water is unfiltered(未过滤的) or flavored. There are also “water A TMS” where people will be able to purchase unpackaged water to refill their existing bottles.“We didn't have to wait to convince anyone to sign up,” Rosen who previously founded on-demand storage company Ma kespace, said. “It's similar to what corporations are doing with sustainability for the same right reason. We have brand ambassadors as young as 10 signing up local businesses. This is a movement.”12．An “epiphany moment” is when you .A．experience something funny B．are about to make a bad deal C．come up with a bright idea D．are mad at something unfair13．Why did Rosen build “Tap”?A．To stop water waste. B．To advertise some businesses.C．To compete with digital map companies. D．To make free drinking water accessible. 14．What can people do at “water ATMS”?A．Filter(过滤) water. B．Buy clean water.C．Donate water bottles. D．Store water for the poor.15．What feeling is expressed in Rosen's words in the last paragraph?A．Confidence. B．Indifference. C．Sympathy. D．Relief.二、七选五Four Habits to Help You SucceedNobody would like to experience failure. We all want to succeed. For those who have tried and failed, success seems difficult to understand. 16．•Know your values.Finding your values is in line with creating motivation. 17．Pick a handful of things and write them down. Remind yourself of your values every day and reflect on whether you are honoring those values through your work.•Pick a goal and focus on it.Choose one goal to start something large enough that will give you a sense of achievement, while adjusting well to your values. If you want to achieve your goal, focus is the key here. 18．If you perform many tasks at a time, you might never finish your projects because they will take far too long.•Set a time for success.Set a date for success. Know when you hope to realize your goal. 19．By setting a time limit, you are making the process realistic.• 20．Failure can’t be avoided when you take risks. By its very definition, the desire to succeed means you are risking failure. Many people tend to give up far too early. Don’t fall into this trap! Use failure. Treat it as a good thing, and go on.A．Make the right decision.B．The more focused you are on one goal, the higher chance you have of success.C．I have made a list of four habits to help you set goals and realize them.D．Keep it realistic, while not giving yourself too much time.E.Don’t give up because of failure.F.Sit and reflect on what you value most.G.Push yourself to be courageous, and take that next step.三、完形填空I have always been a stickler(非常看重……的人) for equality. Therefore, I was21 of the sort of friendship where you give with nothing in 22 , and the other person feels much bigger than you are. I don't know 23 exactly it started, but for as long as I remember, I have felt self-conscious about the 24 within myfriendships. I constantly worry that I 25 my friends more than they do. When the scale(秤) tips to one side in my relationships, I feel myself start to fall over too, like a branch hanging off the edge of a cliff.When I entered high school, I made friends who gave 26 and willingly: advice, knowledge, and 27 . Even if they gave more than they received, they did so with a28 . I slowly began to realize that some people were worth the inequality, and that some things could be 29 in other ways or at a later time. Kindness is a(n) 30 that you receive back from the ones you give it to. My friend Alicia always 31 to help others with their work and assignments, which made me and all the other 32 of her kindness 33 to help her if she ever need anything in the future. It wasn't an exactly equal way of repaying her, but it was our own small way of saying thank you.Today，I still 34 maintaining(维持) equality in my life. However, I have learned that it's okay to give more than you receive, if you are giving to the 35 person and that it's okay to let some debts go unpaid.21．A．proud B．fond C．afraid D．confident 22．A．sight B．place C．vain D．return 23．A．how B．why C．when D．where 24．A．strength B．balance C．envy D．affection 25．A．attract B．value C．hit D．embarrass 26．A．generously B．directly C．financially D．wisely 27．A．status B．help C．salaries D．greetings 28．A．smile B．sigh C．nod D．wave 29．A．made up B．turned down C．tested out D．paid back 30．A．punishment B．request C．aim D．gift 31．A．offered B．refused C．failed D．agreed 32．A．victims B．users C．receivers D．contributors 33．A．unable B．determined C．ambitious D．ashamed 34．A．struggle with B．object to C．get tired of D．take pride in 35．A．wise B．right C．perfect D．best四、用单词的适当形式完成短文阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

长郡中学2020—2021学年度高二第一学期入学考试化学时量：90分钟满分：100分可能用到的相对原子质量：H~1C~12N~14O~16S~32Cu~64Ba~137一、选择题（本题包括15小题，每小题2分，共30分，在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的）1.在配制一定物质的量浓度的溶液的实验中，不会选用的仪器是2.下列气体中，既可用浓硫酸干燥，又可用生石灰干燥的是A.C12B.NH3C.SO2D.CH43.在抗击“新冠肺炎”疫情中，广泛使用化学药剂对公共场所进行消毒。

下列物质不能作为此消毒液的是A.“84”消毒液B.NaHCO3溶液C.KMnO4溶液D.75%的医用酒精4.BaSO4在医疗上称作钡餐。

下列关于13756Ba的说法正确的是A.中子数是56B.核外电子数是81C.质量数是137D.第六周期IA族元素*5.在溶液中加入适量Na2O2后仍能大量共存的是A.NH4+、Ba2+、C1—、NO3—B.Na+、Mg2+、C1—、C1O—C.Cu2+、Na+、NO3—、HCO3—D.K+、A1O2—、C1—、SO42—6.反应2A1+WO3=W+A12O3可用于制备金属钨(W)。

下列关于该反应的说法正确的是A.WO3是还原剂B.A1失去电子C.A1被还原D.WO3发生氧化反应7.下列关于苯的叙述正确的是A.分子中含有碳碳双键，属于不饱和烃B.分离苯与蒸馏水应采用蒸馏的方法C.苯的化学性质很稳定，但能跟溴水发生取代反应D.不能使酸性高锰酸钾溶液褪色8.有关煤、石油和天然气的综合利用，下列说法正确的是A.水煤气的主要成分是CH4B.煤的气化和液化、石油的分馏都是物理变化C.裂解的目的是提高汽油的产量D.直馏汽油和裂化汽油可用KMnO4溶液鉴别9.下列物质不能发生水解的是A.葡萄糖B.蔗糖C.油脂D.淀粉*10.某反应由两步反应A B C构成，它的反应能量变化曲线如图所示，下列叙述正确的是A.两步反应均为吸热反应B.三种化合物中C最稳定C.A与C的能量差为E4D.A B的反应一定要加热11.为除去食盐中少量的SO42—、CO32—，将食盐溶于水，再进行下列操作A.加过量BaC12溶液，过滤B.加过量BaC12溶液，过滤，然后加过量的盐酸C.加过量BaC12溶液，再加过量Na2CO3溶液，过滤后加过量的盐酸，蒸发D.加过量BaC12溶液，过滤，再加入过量Na2CO3溶液，然后加过量的盐酸12.化学与环境密切相关，下列有关说法正确的是A.CO2属于大气主要污染物B.大气中CO2含量的增加会导致温室效应C.CO2或NO2都会导致酸雨的形成D.酸雨是pH小于7的雨水13.一定温度下，在2L恒容密闭容器中发生反应：H2(g)+I2(g)2HI(g)，开始时加入1.5mo1H2、2mo1I2、0.5mo1HI，反应过程中测定的数据如下表所示，下列说法正确的是t/min2410c(I2)/(mo1·L-1)0.90.6aA.2~4min用H2的浓度变化表示反应的平均速率为0.2mo1/(L·s)B.a可能为0.25C.其他条件不变，若再充入0.5mo1I2，化学反应速率会增大D.其他条件不变，若将容器的体积变为1L，化学反应速率不变14.化学能与电能等能相互转化，根据下图所示装置，下列说法正确的是A.图1、图2都能将化学能转化为电能B.图1中锌、铜都溶解C.图2中铁失去电子，石墨得到电子D.图2中铁作负极，电极反应为Fe—2e—=Fe2+15.N A表示阿伏加德罗常数的值。