VOA原文b008 全世界最受欢迎的人类学家玛格丽特 米德

人教版高三英语二轮复习试题阅读理解Margaret Mead, the most famous anthropologist(人类学家）in the world, was born in the USA in 1901,the oldest of five children. Her father was a professor of finance and her mother was a sociologist. After studying psychology as an undergraduate, Mead began a PhD in the relatively new field of anthropology. Mead was particularly interested in primitive communities because she believed that such isolated cultures could serve as "laboratories" that would reveal ways of living that the modern world had forgotten about but needed to remember.Having travelled to Samon, a few tiny volcanic, tropical islands in the center of the Pacific Ocean, Mead gradually got interested in gender roles and discovered that modern societies are far more strict in this area than primitive ones. For example, Americans tend to think of men as productive, sensible, and aggressive, while women are often told they're more light-hearted, peaceful, and nurturing. But in her 1935 book, Sex and Temperament in Three Primitive Societies, Mead studied tribes in Papua New Guinea and recorded that in the Arapesh tribe, both men and women were peaceful and nurturing, while among the Mundugurnor tribe, men and women were both ruthless and aggressive.Mead's striking conclusion is that it isn't gender that makes women curl their hair or listen to people's feelings, or race that makes some nations regularly attack their neighbors. Rather, it's the social expectations and norms that have laid the groundwork for each individual's psychological makeup."We must recognize, "she reminded her readers, "that beneath the superficial(表面上的）classifications of sex and race, the same potentialities always exist, occurring again generation after generation, only to perish because society has no place for them."She is regarded as one of the most influential social scientists of the last century. People around the world mourned the death of Margaret Mead in 1978.A year later, the president of the United States, Jimmy Carter, honored the social scientist with America's highest award for civilians.1．What can we learn about Mead from the text?A．She was influenced by her mother to be an anthropologist.B．She majored in psychology and anthropology as an undergraduate.C．She believed isolated cultures could expose forgotten ways of living to the modern world. D．She discovered modern societies are less strict in gender roles than primitive ones.2．It can be inferred from Mead's study in tribes thatA．the world is filled with separate cultures.B．no gender characteristics are ever simply" human nature".C．knowing another culture will help us reflect on our own.D．social standards are responsible for individual's development.3．What does the underlined word "them" in the third paragraph refer to?A．Shared potential among humans.B．Classifications of gender and race.C．Social expectations and norms.D．Individual's psychological makeups.4．What's the passage mainly about?A．The difference between men and women.B．The recommendation of Mead's book.C．The introduction about a great anthropologist.D．The groundwork for each individual's makeup.七选五Apps such as WeChat and TikTok have gained popularity in recent years.1．Also TikTok is already a household name globally, maybe one of the Chinese brands to truly be recognized universally.WeChat is particularly relied upon as a secure part of the structure of our technologically advancing societies.2．Moreover, a court in Haidian allows litigants(诉讼当事人）to communicate with their lawyers through WeChat video connections.Many features of WeChat alongside its well-thought-out design has meant that the app has dominated its competitors domestically, especially during the disorderly origin years of 2012-13,when it was gaining traction.The ability to move through web pages without tags and save articles alongside other offline content within the app simplified the online experience.3．This is a fantastic application designed to combine the comprehensive nature of the web experience with the simplistic convenience of mobile apps.4．An example is that, instead of a loading white screen, users, when opening a PW A app such as WeChat, will simply at first see the content that had been previously browsing, allowing them to pick up where they left off, much like reading a book.The intuitive(直观的）design is what makes WeChat not just an app in communicating with friends and family. 5．You can also order a taxi through it. All of these extra features boil down to the one single universal strength of detail in design and multiple app service integration.A．Residents in Guangzhou can use the app to store their ID cards.B．Many may bring up the fact that you can pay for goods and services.C．WeChat alone, as of 2020,boasts more than I billion users worldwide.D．The app itself has no doubt also been an influence on many Western apps.E．In a web browser, a list of favourite sites saves for future use while browsing.F．Users didn't have to switch constantly from app to app depending on the type of multimedia they consumed.G．The continuity(连续性）in the online and offline browsing experience makes WeChat successful in keeping our attention on the display of our phones.完形填空When I opened my door this morning, I saw a sign that says, "Good morning, beautiful business."It is a reminder to me of just how beautiful our business can be when we put all our care and energy into it.I 1 the White Dog Cafe in 1983 on the first floor of my house. It is the house I have lived in since I was a child. Today, much of the food 1 2 comes from the same land where my 3 once farmed. Years ago, it was a simple coffee take-away shop serving students who lived nearby. Over the years, we have 4 our menu and grown to 5 five buildings. I owe my success to making decisions not for the purpose of maximizing(使··....最大化） 6 but instead maximizing the 7 with our customers and community. Today I still have the 8 way of doing business-the way it was in the old days with the family farm, the family inn. When I make a 9 ,it comes 10 for my decision to be made in the common interest of all 11 .Business schools teach "grow or die". But I make a conscious decision to continue to be a ＂small" business 12 I know when we grow in physical size, we would 13 something very important-authentic relationships with the people around us. I have come to realize that we can measure our 14 by measuring how much we improve our knowledge, achieve 15 and deepen our relationships.1．A．opened B．ruined C．visited D．disturbed2．A．request B．manage C．serve D．support3．A．professors B．ancestors C．sponsors D．customers4．A．dragged B．tried C．expanded D．carried5．A．build B．construct C．bury D．occupy6．A．images B．feelings C．opportunities D．profits7．A．relationships B．promises C．experiences D．projects8．A．neat-handed B．short-sighted C．hard-earned D．old-fashioned9．A．decision B．importance C．schedule D．diagram10．A．extremely B．awkwardly C．naturally D．secretly11．A．involved B．invited C．informed D．interested12．A．although B．because C．until D．before13．A．take up B．learn about C．carry out D．give up14．A．lifestyle B．figure C．program D．success15．A．patience B．protection C．happiness D．kindness用单词的适当形式完成短文UK Prime Minister Boris Johnson has started plans for a "cycling and walking revolution". It, if fully 1．(realize),could change the way people move around towns and cities.The move comes as authorities' attempt 2．(improve)public health by arousing people's interest in traveling by bike and on foot. The plans, which are 3．(special)designed for England, are to be funded by £ 2 billion.Wide-ranging in their scope, they include 4．(aspect)such us: providing cycling training to children and adults 5．they want it, developing a network of protected bike routes, and creating "low-traffic neighborhoods."Xavier Brice, the CEO of Sustrans, a charity which focused on cycling and walking, 6．（say)the new plans marked" a big step forward" by the government."By 7．(help)more people to leave the car at home for shorter journeys, this package of measures will cut pollution and improve the safety of our streets," he added.The coronavirus pandemic has already had a significant effect 8．the way people move about. Public transport use in the UK has fallen greatly while some parts of the country 9．（change) their roads lately to make 10．easier for people to get around by walking or by bike.答案：阅读: 1-4 C B A C 七选五： C A F G B完形：1-5: A C B C D 6-10 : D A D A C 11-15: A B D D C语法填空：1．realized 2．to improve 3．specially 4．aspects 5．if/ when6．said 7．helping 8．on 9．have changed 10．it。

大学英语四级模拟试卷1010(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Writing 2. Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) 3. Listening Comprehension 4. Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) 5. Cloze 8. TranslationPart I Writing (30 minutes)1．For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled On Students Running an Online Shop. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below.1．很多大学生在业余时间开网店赚钱2．有人支持，有人反对3．我的看法On Students Running an Online Shop正确答案：On Students Running an Online Shop Recently, it is frequently reported that a student can earn 60,000 a month by running an online shop. His business idea has inspired many students to set up their own online shops. Some people hold that by doing so students can gain not only some money to reduce Financial burden for their family but also precious experience of setting up a business. Most important of all, the competition in the job market is very fierce currently. If students cannot find a satisfactory job after graduation, an online shop can help them earn their living. While others hold that the duty of a student is to study. Running an online shop will definitely distract students from their primary tasks. It equals to putting the cart before the horse. From my perspective, I am in favor of the former opinion. I agree that acquiring knowledge is of critical importance for students. However, acquiring practical skills and the ability to survive is even more important. In a word, as long as a student can balance the two sides well, running a business in his school years should not be discouraged.Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-7, mark：Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;NG (for NOT GIVEN)if the information is not given in the passage.Fight unhealthy food, not fat people It’s hardly breaking news that junk food is bad for us. But just how bad—and just how much food companies know about the addictive(添加剂)components of certain foods, and just how much they deliberately target the most vulnerable consumers knowing they are doing damage—is still being discovered. The New York Times offers the latest installment in this weekend’s magazine with an article about the science of junk food addiction. Nearly everything written about food in the mainstream media relies on the same narrative: Obesity is bad. That kind of reporting is part of what’s keeping us sick.There’s no denying the fact that the American public has gotten larger in recent decades. Along with getting fatter, we’ve also seen a rise in illnesses like heart disease and certain cancers. Instead of focusing on how our health is hurting, most of the media coverage uses the term “obesity,”making the story more about weight than about health—to the point where it’s become an accepted truth that “fat”equals “unhealthy”. That’s not actually the case, though. While “the obesity epidemic”may be a convenient catch-all for the illnesses and health problems related to our food chain, it’s a lazy term and an inaccurate one. Are we actually worried about public health? Or are we offended by fat bodies that don’t meet our thin ideals? In all seriousness: What good does a focus on body size actually do? If we’re actually concerned about health, then we should focus on health. The addictive qualities of our food, the lack of oversight(监督), the high levels of chemicals and the government subsidies(补贴)to make prices lower making the worst foods the most accessible should concern us and spur us to action. Nutrient-deficient(营养缺乏)chemically-processed “food”in increasingly larger sizes is bad for all of our bodies, whether we’re fat or thin or somewhere in between. So is the culture in which fast food is able to thrive. Americans work more than ever before; we take fewer vacation days and put in longer hours, especially since the recession hit. The US remains the only industrialized country without national paid parental leave and without compulsory annual vacation time; we also have no federal law requiring paid sick days. 85% percent of American men and 66% of women work more than 40 hours per week. In Norway, for comparison, 23% of men work more than 40-hour weeks, and only 7% of women. Despite all this work, American income levels remain remarkably divided into the poorest and the richest, with the richest few controlling nearly all of the wealth. In one of the wealthiest countries on earth, one in seven people rely on federal food aid, with most of the financial benefits going to big food companies who are also able to produce cheap, nutritionally questionable food thanks to agricultural subsidies. The prices of the worst foods are artificially depressed, the big food lobbies have enormous power, and the biggest loser is the American public, especially low-income folks who spend larger proportions of their income on food but face systematic impediments(妨碍)to healthy eating and exercise. With demanding work days, little time off and disproportionate amounts of our incomes going toward things like health insurance and childcare that other countries provide at a lower cost, is it any surprise that we eat fast-food breakfast on our laps in the car and prefer dinner options that are quick and cheap? Reforming our food system requires major structural changes, not just saying no to put down that bag of chips. We need to push back against corporate interests. Food companies are incredibly good at positing themselves as crusaders(拥护者)for personal choice and entities simply dedicated to giving the public what it wants. Somehow, big food companies have convinced us that drinking a 32oz soda is a matter of personal liberty, and that the government has no place in regulating how much liquid sugar can be sold in a single container. In fact, we know—and they certainly know—that human beings are remarkably bad at judging how much we’re eating. Food companies use that information to encourage over-consumption, and to target certain consumers whotend to have less disposable income to invest in healthy food—poor people, people of color, kids. Food is a social justice issue that has disproportionately negative impacts on groups already facing hardship. That should be an issue for every socially conscious person. But when looking at the large number of problems caused not only by our big food industry but by the policies that enable them and our cultural norms that incentivize poor health choices, too many people simply turn “ obesity” into the boogeyman(具有超人力量的恶巫). Doctors even blame fatness for all sorts of medical conditions and people don’t get proper treatment. Fat women go to the doctor less often for routine cancer screenings, and patients report doctors focusing on their weight and ignoring real medical problems like broken bones and asthma(哮喘). On the policy side, promoters of laws that incentivize health or push back on corporate food interests such as Michelle Obama’s Let’s Move! initiative, bans on extra-large sodas, and extra SNAP benefits at farmer’s markets inevitably target “obesity”in their campaigns. That strategy has the effect of maligning(诽谤)the beauty of certain bodies instead of encouraging everyone to be healthier and countering the enormous influence of big companies. As a result, many people who should be the natural allies of health-promoting initiatives are put off by the shaming fat language. “Obesity epidemic” language has also fed into the idea of body size and eating habits as social group. Thinner kale(甘蓝)—eating elite liberals in the Northeast are trying to force-feed cabbage to heavier real Americans in the South and Midwest. No one wins with that kind of cultural polarization. Yes, let’s push back against big food companies and question their outsized influence in Washington and in our daily lives, and let’s focus on making healthy food more widely accessible. Let’s realize that the challenges extend beyond just what we eat. Let’s fight for the humane(仁爱的)work policies that will make us all healthier. But let’s do that because public health is all of our concern, not because it’s culturally easy to point the finger at fat people. Giving every member of a society the chance to be as healthy as possible is a moral good. It saves money and it saves lives. So let’s do it the right way and the most effective way without lazily relying on the word “ obesity. “2．What’s the same idea in the articles about food in the mainstream media?A．Food companies are not responsible.B．Junk food is bad.C．Obesity is bad.D．Most consumers are vulnerable.正确答案：C解析：本题考查主流媒体关于食品的报道的共同之处是什么。

2024初中英语中考题型汇编高分训练训练53 书面表达(讲稿类精选15题)(一)假定你是李华,是某外国语学校“Green World Club”的负责人.请你根据以下图示,写一篇讲话稿向新成员介绍俱乐部日常的工作情况.词数80左右.参考词汇:leaflet 宣传单注意事项:1. 必须包含所有提示信息,可适当发挥,开头已给出,不计入总词数;2. 意思清楚,表达通顺,行文连贯,书写规范;3. 请勿在文中使用真实的班级、姓名.Wel e to Green World Club! I’m Li Hua. I’m glad to introduce our club to you.____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】例文Wele to Green World Club! I’m Li Hua. I’m glad to introduce our club to you.We get together every Saturday and there are many activities that we can do. We can hand out leaflets to call on people to pay attention to protecting the environment. We can spread messages about environmental protectionto everyone around us. We can clean up streets and parks to make our city clean and beautiful. We can sort garbage and help people learn about garbage sorting. We do a lot of things to protect the environment and we hope you can be a member of us.Thank you for your listening.【详解】1.题干解读:本文是一篇演讲稿.要求根据提示内容介绍绿色世界俱乐部,注意要点齐全,可适当发挥.2.写作指导:写作时要以第一人称来介绍,时态用一般现在时.作文可分为三段,第一段引出话题;第二段详细介绍俱乐部日常的工作情况;第三段收尾.要保证语言连贯,无语法和拼写错误.(二)近年来,我国全面展开蓝天、碧水、净土保卫战.为了号召同学们参与环保行动,学校将组织一次主题为“Let’s Go Green”的英语演讲比赛.请你写一篇80词以上的演讲稿.内容要点:1. 谈谈你为环保做过什么及感受;2. 制定你的环保计划.注意:1. 开头已给出,不计入总词数;2. 短文中不得出现与考生本人相关的校名和姓名等真实信息.As we all know, China makes every effort to protect the environment._______________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】例文:As we all know, China makes every effort to protect the environment. As middle school students, we should take the responsibilities. We can reuse, reduce and recycle.During the winter vacation, I collected used things like paper and bottles. I turned them into a handmade rocket. I gave it to my brother as a gift. He felt amazed at my work. I was proud, too. The waste was brought back to life with just a little creativity.Inspired by this experience, I plan to do more in the future. First of all, I’ll continue to reuse things instead of throwing them away. Secondly, I will reduce the use of energy. I can ride a bike to school instead of taking a bus, and turn off the light when not using it. Lastly, I’ll sort the rubbish and send the recyclable m aterials to recycling center.If everyone takes part in protecting the environment, the earth will be a better place for all of us to live on. Take action now!【详解】1.题干解读:该题目属于记叙文写作,但要写成演讲稿形式.注意包含要点提示,以“Let’s Go Green”为题,可适当发挥.2.写作指导:写作时承接所给内容引出主题作为第一段;第二段主要描述自己为环保做过的事情和环保计划;第三段结尾发出呼吁.在写第二段做过的事时要注意使用过去的时态;制定环保计划时需用将来时,另外注意逻辑词的使用,使文章逻辑清晰,自然流畅.(三)假定你是李华,本周学校英语角活动将以“保护环境,人人有责”为题开展一场演讲活动,请你按要求用英文写一篇演讲稿.要求:(1)目前环境保护面临的问题;(2)十年后环境会怎样;(3)有何计划或打算.注意:(1)词数90左右;(2)可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;(3)文中不能出现可能透露考生真实身份的任何信息.Hi, everyone! I’m Li Hua. I’m very glad to stand here and give a speech to you. As we all know,__________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】例文Hi, everyone! I’m Li Hua. I’m very glad to stand here and give a speech to you. As we all know, there are all kinds of pollution on the earth now, such as air pollution, water pollution, plastic pollution and so on. Luckily, people have realized the importance of protecting the environment. However, the task of further promoting pollution control and environmental improvement is now plex. And some solutions do not work well together. But I believe that with everyone’s efforts, our environment will bee more and more beautiful after ten years.So as middle school students, we can’t throw litter. At the same time, we should remind people around to protect the environment.【详解】[总体分析]①题材:本文是一篇应用文,为演讲稿;②时态:时态为“一般现在时”;③提示:写作要点已给出,考生应注意不要遗漏“信息提示”中每一项内容,适当添加细节,并突出写作重点. [写作步骤]第一步,整体说明目前环境保护面临的问题;第二步,介绍十年后环境会怎样;第三步,最后表达计划或打算.[亮点词汇]①all kinds of各种各样的②the importance of……的重要性③at the same time同时[高分句型]But I believe that with everyone’s efforts, our environment will bee more and more beautiful after ten years.(that引导的宾语从句)(四)近期学校开展了“My Favorite Ancient Mythology of China”的英语演讲活动,旨在鼓励同学们通过讲述中国神话故事(如愚公移山、嫦娥奔月、后羿射日),加深对中国传统文化的理解,弘扬传统文化.请根据以下框架,写一篇英语演讲稿,简述一个你最喜欢的中国神话故事并给出理由.My Favorite Ancient Mythology of Chinathe reasons why it is my favorite mythology of Chinamythology 神话注意:(1)短文必须包括所有要点, 并适当发挥;(2)文中不得出现真实的人名和校名;(3)词数80—100 词;标题已给出, 不计入总词数.My Favorite Ancient Mythology of China____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】[例文]My favorite ancient myt hology of China is “Chang’e Flying to the Moon”.Long long ago, Hou Yi got a special medicine from a goddess as a reward after he shot down nine suns. Peng Meng wanted to get it when Hou Yi was not home. To stop Peng Meng, Chang’e had to take it and she fl ew up to the moon. Hou Yi missed her so much that he became really sad every night. One night, he found that the moon was so bright and round that he saw his wife there. He quickly laid out her favorite fruits and desserts in the garden.I really love this ancient mythology because it shows our strong desire for family reunion and love.【详解】1. 题干解读:题目要求根据提示要点,介绍自己最喜欢的中国神话,包括时间、地点、人物和情节等,也要介绍为什么这是自己最喜欢的神话故事,可以适当的发挥,写作时要运用正确的英语表达,要选用恰当的词汇和短语.2. 写作指导:写作时要与已给出的开头融合起来,本文应该用第一人称来介绍内容;采用一般现在时介绍自己喜欢的神话和原因.用一般过去时介绍神话故事;在介绍内容时,力求语言准确,内容完整,保证行文连贯,条理清晰.(五)生命中总有一些值得我们感恩的人.最近,我校广播站将举办题为“The person I want to thank”的英语演讲比赛.假如你想感谢身边某位对你有影响的人(父母,老师,同学或朋友),请根据以下流程写一篇英文演讲稿.1. Introduction (looks, personalities)2. Experience (example, story)3. Influence (...)要求:1. 参考以上流程内容,要求语句通顺、意思连贯、符合题意,可适当发挥.2. 词数:80词左右.3. 演讲稿中不得使用任何个人及学校的真实信息.The person I want to thank____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】例文:The person I want to thankI am very honored to give a speech about “The person I want to thank”. There are many different people I want to thank. They helped me a lot or gave me some warmth. Among them, I want to thank my good friend Lucy, a helpful and a beautiful girl.I had a period of bad time when I failed in the exams many times. I was stressed and even couldn’t focus on the class. During my spare time, I just stayed at home to force myself to study. But nothing became better. Luckily, Lucy noticed my bad situation. She talked with me patiently when she had time. And she invited me to take part in some outdoor activities, which was really helpful to reduce my pressure. Some time later, the bad emotion was gone and I made some progress in my study.When I think of those days, I think I am lucky enough to have a friend like Lucy. Thank you!【详解】[总体分析]①题材:本文是一篇话题作文,形式是演讲稿;②时态:时态主要是“一般过去时”;③提示:写作的要点已经给出,考生注意不要遗漏,应注重表述不同要点时态会有所变化.[写作步骤]第一步,表明写作意图,借用“很荣幸发表演讲”来引出主题;第二步,具体阐述为何要感激这个人,讲述具体事例,要注意时态应用一般过去时;第三步,最后讲述其影响,再次表达感谢之情.[亮点词汇]① give a speech做演讲② a period of 一段时期③ focus on聚精会神④ take part in参加[高分句型]① I had a period of bad time when I failed in the exams many times.(when引导的时间状语从句)② And she invited me to take part in some outdoor activities, which was really helpful to reduce my pressure. (which引导的非限制性定语从句)(六)假设你叫王凝,刚升入高中.学生会正在招募成员,恰逢学校将举办阅读日活动,要求竞选者设计一份活动方案,并在竞选演讲中展现.你草拟了演讲思维导图,请根据下图写一份英文竞选演讲稿.注意事项:1. 发言稿需根据思维导图自拟,要求语句通顺、意思连贯、符合题意;2. 词数100词左右,演讲稿首尾已给出,不计入总词数;3. 演讲稿中不得使用真实的个人信息,如校名、人名等.Good afternoon, everyone! It’s a great honor for me to speak here.____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ That’s all for my speech. Thank you!【答案】One possible version:Good afternoon, everyone! It’s a great honor for me to speak here.I’m Wang Ning. I’m in Class 1, Grade 10. I’d like to join the Student Union to improve myself and serve others.I am ready to help others and have a lot of experience in serving classmates. I’m good at municating with others and making plans.We can hold a poster show in the school hall on the Reading Day. Students are encouraged to draw a poster to remend their favourite books. In this way, they can share good books with each other and find those who share the same interests with them.That’s all for my speech. Thank you!【详解】1.题干解读:本文是一篇演讲稿.题目要求是根据提供的信息,请你以王凝的身份写一份英文竞选演讲稿.演讲稿要根据思维导图自拟,思维导图中给出的要点需包含全面,可以适当拓展.2.写作指导:本题要求为竞选加入学生会写一篇演讲稿.演讲稿首先需要介绍自己,如姓名、班级、参加学生会的目的等;其次介绍你有什么样的竞选优势,如经验丰富、乐于助人等,介绍自身优势时,多用第一人称作主语,时态使用一般现在时;最后陈述你对阅读日活动有什么计划,包含时间、地点、怎样操作等,陈述活动计划时,一般采用一般将来时.要保证语句通顺,意思连贯,逻辑合理.(七)假如你是李华,你校为了鼓励同学们节约用纸,最近要开展“节约用纸,从我做起”的主题演讲活动,学校邀请你在活动上发言.请你用英语写一篇演讲稿.内容包括:(1)介绍自己.(2)谈谈自己在日常生活中的做法.作文要求:(1)不能照抄原文;不得在作文中出现学校的真实名称和考生的真实姓名.(2)语句连贯,词数80个左右.作文的开头已经给出,不计入总词数.Good morning, everyone. Let me introduce myself first.__________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】例文:Good morning, everyone. Let me introduce myself first. My name is Li Hua. I am a student of Class One, Grade Nine of Yucai Middle School. I am outgoing and helpful. I used to be an environmental volunteer. With the ing of the World Environment Day, I’d like to share what I do to save paper in my daily life.As we all know, students need paper notebooks, which are one of the world’s most widely used consumer materials. To save paper, I always choose the notebooks made of recycled paper. Also, rather than throwing away empty notebooks at the end of a school year, I tear out the unused pages and place them together to create a new notebook. Besides, I prefer to use handkerchiefs instead of paper tissue. This helps to reduce the use of paper. Apart from that, I also think it is quite necessary to make people aware of the importance to save paper. So I always ask my classmates to send used text books or old magazines to those in need.These are what I do in my life to save paper.【详解】1.题干解读:题目要求根据所给的内容提示,为“节约用纸,从我做起”的主题演讲活动写一篇英语演讲稿.2.写作指导:本文主要以第一人称写作,时态为一般现在时.写作时要认真审题,根据提示的内容,列出写作要点及每个要点中可能要用到的表达;然后紧扣要点,动笔写作;可以围绕主题准确使用一定的语法、词汇、短语和句型等;语言的表述要符合语法的结构,造句应该符合英语的表达习惯;层次要分明、条理要清晰.(八)作为一名初三的学生, 你即将毕业离开母校.在过去的三年中,你在学校度过了很快乐的时光.请你根据下面的信息,用英语写一篇发言稿,表达你对母校、老师、同学和工作人员的感激之情.a.母校:校园非常美丽,是一个学习的好地方等;b.老师:关心学生,对我们有耐心等;c.同学:勤奋好学,互相帮助等;d.工作人员:工作努力,晚睡早起等;e.个人想法:……要求:1. 词数110词左右(首句已给出,不计入总词数)2. 要点提示均需涉及,可适当增加内容;3. 字迹工整,卷面整洁,文意连贯,语言流畅;4. 不用真实姓名、校名、地名.参考词语:patient, help each other, thanks forHello, everyone. I’d like to talk about my life in our school.________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ Thanks for listening.【答案】例文He llo, everyone. I’d like to talk about my life in our school. We will graduate in a few weeks. I think it is a good chance for me to say “Thanks” to our school, all the teachers, classmates and school workers. Our school isvery beautiful. I have spent my happiest three years here. And I really hope she will be better and better. For me, the most unforgettable people are all the teachers who are so knowledgeable and experienced. You are always kind and caring, patient and responsible. I will never forget you r help. I’m also thankful to my classmates and friends who are very hardworking. I hope everyone will enter their dream school to study. In the end, I’d like to give my special “Thanks” to all the workers in our school. Thank you for everything you have do ne for us.Thanks for listening.【详解】[总体分析]①题材:本文是一篇应用文,要求写一篇发言稿,表达对学校的感激之情;②时态:时态主要为“一般现在时”;③提示:题目已给出写作要点,写作时要围绕写作要点,并可以适当发挥.[写作步骤]第一步:承接文章开头,开篇点题,并引出后文对学校的感激;第二步:按照题目给出的提示分别写出对学校,对老师,对同学,对学校工作人员的感谢;第三步:最后进行简单的总结及对未来的期待.[亮点词汇]① a good chance to do sth 做某事的好机会② be thankful to 对……感激的③give thanks to sb 对某人表示感谢[高分句型]① And I really hope she will be better and better. (用到“比较级+and+比较级”的结构)②I’m also thankful to my classmates and friends who are very hardworking. (who引导的定语从句)(九)昨天你校发明节隆重开幕,在今天的英语口语课上,老师要求同学们围绕“你所知道的发明创造”这一话题进行简短发言,请你根据下表内容提示为此次发言做准备.____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】例文:Good morning, everyone,There are many inventions that have changed the world. Here is a brief introduction of some inventions that I know.The digital camera was invented by Steven J. Sasson in 1975. It is convenient to take photos with a digital camera and it is easy to carry one. The telephone was invented by Alexander Bell in 1876. It helps people municate with each other even if they live far. The radio was invented by Guillermo Marconi in 1895. People can listen to news and music on the radio.That’s all. Thanks.【详解】1.题干解读:本文是一篇发言稿,要注意格式.文章主要围绕“你知道的发明”,表格中给出了一些发明创造的信息,在写作时不要遗漏.2.写作指导:本文主要描述一些发明创造,在讲述发明时间等基本信息时,用一般过去时,谈到发明物的用处时,用一般现在时.在写作时,三个发明创造都要描述,而且要注意句式的转化,灵活运用.(十)在4月22日世界地球日(The World Earth Day) 到来之际,你作为模拟联合国(MUN ) 一员,将在学校为全校师生进行一次英文演讲,呼吁大家保护环境,共建美好家园.请根据以下信息,完成演讲稿.注意:1)须全面完整反映图文信息;2)文中不能出现真实姓名及学校名称;3)词数80—100.____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】例文:Dear students,There is only one earth, so it’s our duty to protect it. As a middle school student, I think it’s our duty to save the earth.We can start with small things around us. First, there are too many cars on the road now, we can ride our bikes or take the bus to school instead of riding in cars. It helps to cut down air pollution. Second, we should turn off the shower while we are washing our hair. It’s a good way to save water. And we should turn off the lights when leaving a room. Third, to keep public places clean and beautiful, we should throw rubbish into the bins. Don’t litter everywhere. Fourth, we can bring reusable bags instead of plastic bags when shopping. Also we shouldn’t take the plastic tableware when we buy takeaway food. This can help cut down white pollution.All these small things add up and bee big things. Let’s take action to save the earth now!【详解】[总体分析]①题材:本文是一篇应用文,为演讲稿;②时态:一般现在时;③提示:写作过程中不要遗漏已给出的信息,对出现问题的原因和解决办法进行适当阐述.[写作步骤]第一步,点名题意, 我们有保护地球的责任;第二步,分条阐述地球目前所出现的污染以及针对这些污染我们力所能及的解决办法;第三步,总结呼吁,我们为保护地球行动起来.[亮点词汇]① duty 义务;责任② cut down 减少③ add up 加起来;相加[高分句型]①I think it’s our duty to save the earth.(宾语从句)② Second, we should turn off the shower while we are washing our hair.(时间状语从句)③ Third, to keep public places clean and beautiful, we should throw rubbish into the bins.(动词不定式作目的状语)(十一)青少年是祖国的未来,民族的希望.目前,你校正在创建文明校园,举办了“美德少年”评选活动.请你根据表格内容提示,以“Be Virtue Teenager”为题,用英语写一篇倡议书,号召大家积极争做“美德少年”.要求:1.用上所有提示内容,并适当发挥;2.语句通顺、书写规范;3.文中不能出现考生的真实校名和姓名;4.词数80左右.开头已给出,不记入总词数.参考词汇: virtue美德Be a Virtue TeenagerTeenagers are the future of our motherland, they are the hope of our nation. What should we do to be a virtue teenager?_____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】例文Be a Virtue TeenagerTeenagers are the future of our motherland, they are the hope of our nation. What should we do to be a virtue teenager? As a student, when we arrive at home, we should municate with our parents more and share housework with them. At school, we should study hard and develop the good learning habits. They are important to our study. After class, we try to do exercise so that we can keep healthy. In addition, it is our duty to follow the rules, it is good for our safety. Also, we should remember never to speak loudly in public.If you can do as my suggestions, I believe you can be a virtue teenager.【详解】1.题干解读:本文是一篇命题作文,以“Be a Virtue Teenager”为题,用英语写一篇倡议书,号召大家积极争做“美德少年”,根据要点提示,要求要点覆盖全面,可适当扩充;注意写作时要点齐全,同时也要紧扣主题.2.写作指导:本文用到的一般现在时态,人称用第一人称.用到征求建议的情态动词should,写作中注意表达观点时的常用句式,注意连词的使用.全文要点明确,结构严谨,语法运用准确,上下文注意连接的流畅度.(十二)水是生命之源.然而,由于人口的增长和环境的恶化,水资源越来越少.假如你是张典欣,你班为此展开了一次班会,你打算在班会上发言,谈谈关于节约用水的建议.请你根据以下要点写一篇英语发言稿.1. The reasons why we have to save water.2. The suggestions or possible ways to save water.注意:1.短文条理清楚,行文连贯.2.文中不要出现真实的人名和地名.3.词数80—100.Fellow students,I’m very glad to stand here to give you a short speech. As we all know,____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】例文:Fellow students,I’m very glad to stand here to give you a short speech. As we all know, water is life. People can’t live without water. Plants will die without water. However, there are still many people wasting water. For example, they always keep the water running when doing washes.So we must take actions to stop them from doing this. First, more public service advertisements should be put up to let people know the importance of water. Second, we should try our best to use less water if necessary in our daily life.What’s more, we should call on the people around us to save water together.Everyone should play a part in saving water and everything starts from now!【详解】[总体分析]①题材:本文是一篇应用文,为讲稿;②时态:时态为“一般现在时”;③提示:写作要点已给出,考生应注意不要遗漏信息,可适当添加细节,并突出写作重点.[写作步骤]第一步,表明写作意图,点明水的重要性;第二步,具体阐述我们应该怎样节约用水;第三步,书写结语,提倡每个人都应该从我做起,节约用水.[亮点词汇]①take actions采取行动②put up张贴③what’s more此外[高分句型]①However, there are still many people wasting water.(there be句型)②First, more public service advertisements should be put up to let people know the importance of water.(动词不定式to do作目的状语)(十三)生命中总有一些值得我们感恩的人.最近,西安电视台将举办题为“The Person I Want to Thank”的英语演讲比赛.假如你想感谢身边某位对你有影响的人(父/母亲、老师、朋友……)请根据以下流程图写一篇英文演讲稿参加比赛.要求:(1)演讲稿须根据流程图自拟.要求语句通顺,意思连贯,书写工整;(2)流程图中括号部分为非限定性内容,仅供参考;(3)文中不得出现你的任何真实信息(姓名、校名和地名等);.(4)词数70词左右.(开头已给出,不计入总词数)Good afternoon, everyone! It’s a great honor for me to speak here.__________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】例文Good afternoon, everyone! It’s a great honor for me to speak here. In my junior school life, many people have helped me. I thank them very much. But the person I want to thank most is my English teacher Miss Lee.Miss Lee is beautiful with long hair. And she is kind. She helps me a lot. She often helps me with my English. When I am in trouble, she always encourages me to face my difficulties and gives me good advice. I still remember that once I failed in an important English exam and was upset. She cheered me up and told me some good ways to improve my English. With her help, I made great progress in English and became interested in it. I’m very thankful for all that she has done for me.She has a great influence on me, and her help is very useful for my future development.That’s all for my speech. Thank you！【详解】[总体分析]①题材:本文是一篇记叙文,为演讲稿;②时态:时态为“一般现在时和一般过去时”;③提示:根据流程图进行写作,可适当发挥,注意语句通顺,意思连贯.[写作步骤]第一步,开门见山,介绍最想感谢的人是谁;第二步,介绍所感谢的人的外貌及性格;第三步,介绍与所感谢的人之间的经历;第四步,表达影响并书写结语.[亮点词汇]①help sb with sth在某方面帮助某人②cheer sb up使某人振作起来③make great progress取得很大进步④bee interested in对……感兴趣[高分句型]①When I am in trouble, she always encourages me to face my difficulties and gives me good advice.(when引导时间状语从句)②I still remember that once I failed in an important English exam and was upset.(that引导宾语从句)③She has a great influence on me, and her help is very useful for my future development.(and连接并列句)(十四)假定你是李华,你校举办了以“做德智体美劳全面发展的社会主义建设者和接班人”为题的演讲比赛.请你根据以下要点提示写一篇英语演讲稿,简单谈谈如何做一个新时代合格的中学生.要点提示:1.爱国爱家,诚实守信,善良感恩;2.努力学习,做个有创造力的人;3.多参加体育锻炼,保持健康;4.善于发现生活中的美,热爱并保护大自然;5.积极参加各种活动;写作要求:1.词数80—100词(开头已经给出,不计入总词数);2.根据要点提示,可以适当发挥;3.文中不得出现真实的姓名和校名.Boys and girls,My name is Li Hua. Today I’m glad to share my ideas about how to be good students.____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________。

2015.4（第2部分--2）阅读理解（2）16篇必考一篇（全新版）-副本第二部分阅读理解(2)（2015年4月统考）全真翻译版以下16篇阅读理解考试中100%考一篇，答案是四个选项之一。

出现在考试中阅读部分的第二部分，简化或硬背，必须掌握，原题出现，答案位置不变，考1题10分，一定不可以丢。

建议多看短文的中文意思，然后记下选项答案。

最后附录为搭桥联想记忆法，适合10分钟内强化记忆。

Passage 1(美国及美国人的由来)The United States covers a large part of the North American continent. Its neighbors are Canada to the north and Mexico to the south. Although the United States is a big country , it is not the largest in the world. In 2000, its population was over 222 million.When this land first became a nation, after winning its independence from England, it had thirteen states. Each of the states was represented on the American flag by a star. All these were in the eastern part of the continent. As the nation grew toward the west, new states were added and new stars appeared on the flag. For a long time, there were 48 stars. In 1959, however, two more stars were added to the flag, representing the new states of Alaska and Hawaii.Indians were the first people of the land which is now the United States. There are still many thousands of Indians now living in all parts of the country. Sometimes it is said that the Indians are “the only real Americans”. Most Americans come from all over the world. Those who came first in greatest numbers to make their homes on the eastern of North America were mostly from England. It is for the reason that the language of theUnited States is English and that its culture and customs are more like those of England than those of any other country in the world.美国占去北美大陆很大一部分土地。

2023高考备考:名校高考模拟作文题立意专家解析41-45一、阅读下面的材料，根据要求写作。

材料一：文化是一个民族、一个国家共有的价值规范及符号象征, 新时代中，文化的内涵日渐趋厚，而传统文化的现实却令人尴尬。

就拿端午节来说，古人通过端午吃粽子、挂香包、喝黄酒、赛龙舟等方式缅怀爱国诗人屈原，传递爱国情怀；而如今的端午节，人们除了吃粽子以外，好像它所传递的民族情怀已然冷淡。

材料二：近年来，与民生密切相关的老字号品牌，如张小泉、德州扒鸡、五芳斋等老字号企业掀起上市潮。

与此同时，早时就“出圈”的老字号却大不如前：全聚德在2020年上半年亏掉了前两年的利润之和，天津狗不理已从新三板摘牌。

五、阅读下面的材料，根据要求写作。

(60分)材料一：美国人类学家玛格丽特•米德有一个著名的论断，即人类文明最初的标志是“一段愈合的股骨”。

她解释，在茹毛饮血的远古时代，断了股骨的人，除非得到他人帮助, 否那么必死无疑，因为伤者不能打猎，也难逃野兽伤害。

因此，一段受伤后愈合的股骨，说明伤者得到照顾并慢慢康复，这是文明的起点。

材料二：儒家亚圣孟子认为“人皆有不忍人之心”，并主张“苟能充之，足以保四海；苟不充之，缺乏以事父母”；法国思想家卢梭也认为：“怜悯是人的天性J古罗马诗人尤维纳曾有这样的诗句：“心地的温情，是大自然把眼泪给予人类的同时，赠予人类的礼物。

”慈悲心，即怜悯心，是一个人与生俱来的一种善念。

正因为它的存在，人的修身或者我们的教育事业才有了光明的起点。

语文阅刊(yuwenyuekan)针对以上材料，你有怎样的思考？请联系实际，谈谈你的认识和感悟，写一篇文章。

要求：结合材料，确定立意；明确文体，自拟标题；不要套作，不得抄袭；不得泄露个人信息；不少于800字。

【文题解析】：这是一道复合材料作文题。

材料一是玛格丽特•米德有一个著名的论断，即人类文明最初的标志是“一段愈合的股骨”，材料中对这一论断进行了简要的分析，并指出伤者得到照顾并康复，这是文明的起点。

高中英语世界著名科学家单选题50题1. Albert Einstein was born in ____.A. the United StatesB. GermanyC. FranceD. England答案：B。

解析：Albert Einstein（阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦）出生于德国。

本题主要考查对著名科学家爱因斯坦国籍相关的词汇知识。

在这几个选项中，the United States是美国，France是法国，England是英国，而爱因斯坦出生于德国，所以选B。

2. Isaac Newton is famous for his discovery of ____.A. electricityB. gravityC. radioactivityD. relativity答案：B。

解析：Isaac Newton 艾萨克·牛顿）以发现万有引力gravity）而闻名。

electricity是电，radioactivity是放射性，relativity 是相对论，这些都不是牛顿的主要发现，所以根据对牛顿主要成就的了解，选择B。

3. Marie Curie was the first woman to win ____ Nobel Prizes.A. oneB. twoC. threeD. four答案：B。

解析：Marie Curie 居里夫人）是第一位获得两项诺贝尔奖的女性。

这题主要考查数字相关的词汇以及对居里夫人成就的了解，她在放射性研究等方面的贡献使她两次获得诺贝尔奖，所以选B。

4. Thomas Edison is well - known for his invention of ____.A. the telephoneB. the light bulbC. the steam engineD. the computer答案：B。

解析：Thomas Edison（ 托马斯·爱迪生）以发明电灯（the light bulb）而闻名。

英语专业八级考试人文知识点(1)__1__ Who was the first to apply the telescope to the study of the skies?A KeplerB CopernicusC GalileoD Newton__2__ Whose discovery of the law of the universal gravitation is the most important of all his achievement in ph ysics?A KeplerB Issac NewtonC GalileoD Copernicus__3__The three biggest newspapers are of the following except ___.A New York TimesB Washington PostC Los Angeles TimesD Reader’s Digest__4__Metropolitan Museum is in__.A Washington D.C.B BostonC New YorkD Philadelphia__5__The New Frontier was put forward by __.A KennedyB JohnsonC NixonD Benjamin Franklin__6__Who resigned because of Watergate Scandal, the first president to do so in American history?A KennedyB JohnsonC Richard NixonD Truman__7__Empire State Building is in___.A ChicagoB New YorkC Washington D.C.D Detroit__8__ “Knowledge is power.” Was said by__.A Francis BaconB ShakespeareC Thomas HobbesD John Locke__9__Which of the following philosophers believed that man is selfish by nature?A John LockeB DescartesC Pierre GassendiD Thomas Hobbes__10__Jazz, a great contribution to the world popular music, was originated from the music of __.A IndiansB SpanishC NegroesD Portuguese答案解析：1选C。

教育，最需要开垦的地方—默克多e-G8峰会Education: The Last Frontier 教育:最需要开垦的地方Rupert Murdoch e-G8 Forum Paris e-G8峰会，巴黎24 May 2011 — Maurice， thank you for that gracious introduction.莫里斯,谢谢你帮我做的自我介绍Thank you as well for the invitation to speak today.同时谢谢你邀请我来演讲We are living through a time when many of our leading economies are notperforming as they should.我们今天处在一个很多经济强国没有尽到他们责任的时代.To this challenge, this audience brings the promise of digital and the spirit of innovation. So I know you are all as pleased as I am that the G-8 leaders have made your contributions to economic growth a priority for their meeting this week. 为了迎接这个挑战，现场在座的各位都带来了他们的在电子创新领域的承诺和精神。

G-8的领导人们在这次峰会上把你们对经济的贡献作为一项重要的议程，我也为各位开心,In particular, I wish to thank President Sarkozy and our French hosts。

Not onlyhave they provided this magnificent setting， they remind us of a truth reflected in the proud history of this great nation： that artists and creators add great value to society. We hope the G-8 will strongly affirm that the property rights of artists and creators are more than a matter of protecting cultures。

姓名，年级：时间：赤峰二中2018级高三上学期第二次月考英语试题注意事项：1。

答题前填写好自己的姓名、班级、考号等信息2. 请将答案正确填写在答题卡上第Ⅰ卷（选择题)一、基础知识1。

It is his fourth visit in a month， ________ says it all。

A. who B。

that C. which D. where 【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查定语从句。

句意：这是他一个月以来的第四次访问，这说明了一切。

分析句子结构可知，逗号后面是非限制性定语从句，修饰前面整个主句内容，关系词在从句中作主语，因此使用which引导该定语从句.who引导定语从句时,先行词应该是表示“人”的词语；that不能引导非限制性定语从句；where是关系副词，引导定语从句时，在从句中作地点状语.故选C项。

2。

I don't know what it was ________ did the trick， but I am definitely feeling much better。

A。

who B。

because C。

that D。

when 【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查强调句。

句意：我不知道是什么起了作用，但我确实感觉好多了。

分析句子可知，宾语从句中去掉it was和设空处依然是完整的句子,故此处是强调句,结构是it was+ 被强调部分+ that/who（强调部分是人时可用） +其他，句中被强调部分是指物的what，用that，故选C.3. It ________ the first time that these health issues had reached this level of U。

N. attention。

A. isB. was C。

being D。

were 【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查固定句型和时态。

句意:这是这些健康问题第一次得到联合国如此高度的关注.“某人第一次做某事”是It is/was the first time that…句型,如果主句动词是is，that从句动词用现在完成时.如果主句动词是was，that从句动词用过去完成时。

中学生VOA英语阅读之2015世界人权日Human Rights Day 2015Next an editorial reflecting the views of the United States government.接下来的一篇社论反映了美国政府的观点。

On December 10th, 1948, still stunned by the horrendous crimes committed against civilian populations during the Second World War,the United Nations General Assembly adopted the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.1948年12月10日，第二次世界大战期间对平民犯下的的罪行仍然骇人听闻，联合国大会通过世界人权宣言。

At the time, one of the Declaration’s chief architects, former First Lady and member of the United States delegation to the United Nations, EleanorRoosevelt,wrote “We have found that the conditions of our contemporary world require the enumeration of certain protectionswhich the individual must have if he is to acquire a sense of security and dignity in his own person.”当时，联合国美国代表团成员，首席架构师之一，前第一夫人埃莉诺·罗斯福，写道：“我们认为我们当代世界的条件要求列举出某些保护，其中，个人必须获得在其看来的安全和尊严感。