中级微观经济学 第十八章

第一部分 消费者理论1. 当11xx 时，加数量税t,画出预算集并写出预算线预算集：).....(. (1)12211x x m x p x p).........(..........)(1112211x x x t m x p x t p2. 如果同样多的钱可以买（4，6）或（12，2），写出预算线。

mx p x p 2211 则有mp p 2164，mp p 21212不妨假设12 p ，则可解得：8,211 m p 。

预算线为82121 x x 3．(1)0.4100x y(2)0.2100.............300.4106.............30x y if x x y if x(3)0.4106x y4. 证明：设两条无差异曲线对应的效用分别为21,uu ，由曲线的单调性假设，若21uu ，则实为一条曲线。

若21uu ，假设两曲线相交，设交点为x，则21)(,)(ux u u x u ，可推出21uu ，存在矛盾，不可能相交。

5. -5(把一元纸币放在纵轴上)或者-1/5(把一元纸币放在横轴上),6. 中性商品是指消费者不关心它的多少有无的商品商品2 如果也是中性商品那么该题就无所谓无差异曲线,也无所谓边际替代率了. 商品2如果不是中性商品:边际替代率是0(把中性商品放在横轴上)或者 (把中性商品放在纵轴上)7. (1)x1 is indefinitely the substitution of x2, and five units of x1 can bring the same utility as that one unit of x2 can do. With the most simple form of the utilityfunction,125u x x x , and assume that the prices of those two goods are p1 and p2 respectively and the total wealth of the consumer is m, the problem can be writtenas121112max ,..u x xst p x p x m③ Because 5p1=p2, any bundle 12,x x which satisfies the budget constraint, is thesolution of such problem.(2) A cup of coffee is absolutely the complement of two spoons of sugar. Let x1 and x2 represent these two kinds of goods, then we can write the utility function as12121,min ,2u x x x xThe problem of the consumer is121112max ,..u x xst p x p x mAny solution should satisfies the rule that 1212x x , and the budget constraint.So replace x1 with (1/2)(x2) in the budget constraint and we can get 1122mx p p,and 21222mx p p.8. (1) Because the preference is Cobb-Douglas utility, we can simplify thecomputation by the formula that the standardized parameter of one commodity means its share of total expenditure.So directly, the answer is 1123m x p , 213mx p.（详细方法见8(2)）. （2）库恩-塔克定理。

《中级微观经济学》试题与答案一、名词解释（5道题）1. 消费者剩余-解释：消费者愿意支付的最高价格与实际支付价格之间的差额，是消费者获得的净收益。

2. 边际替代率-解释：消费者在维持同一效用水平的情况下，愿意用一种商品替代另一种商品的比率。

3. 规模经济-解释：当企业的生产规模扩大时，平均成本随着产量的增加而下降的现象。

4. 纳什均衡-解释：在博弈论中，每个参与者在给定其他参与者策略的情况下，所选择的最佳策略组合。

5. 帕累托最优-解释：资源配置的一种状态，无法在不使任何人变得更差的情况下，使某些人变得更好。

二、填空题（5道题）1. 在短期生产函数中，边际产量递减规律是指（在其他投入固定时，增加一个单位可变投入，产量的增加量递减）。

2. 供给弹性大于1表示（供给是弹性的）。

3. 无差异曲线上的点表示（消费者获得相同效用的不同商品组合）。

4. 在完全竞争市场中，长期均衡时，企业的经济利润是（零）。

5. 价格上限政策可能导致的直接结果是（商品短缺）。

三、单项选择题（5道题）1. 下列哪一项不是完全竞争市场的特征？（）。

- A. 大量的买者和卖者- B. 同质产品- C. 自由进入和退出市场- D. 厂商具有定价权-答案：D2. 在长期，完全竞争市场中的企业会选择生产在（）。

- A. 平均成本最低的产量- B. 边际成本最低的产量- C. 平均总成本等于价格的产量- D. 边际成本等于价格的产量-答案：D3. 如果一种商品的需求是价格无弹性的，那么价格上升10%将导致需求量（）。

- A. 增加10%- B. 减少10%- C. 减少少于10%- D. 减少多于10%-答案：C4. 在垄断市场中，垄断者的利润最大化产量是（）。

- A. 边际成本等于价格- B. 边际收益等于价格- C. 边际收益等于边际成本- D. 平均成本等于边际成本-答案：C5. 在短期内，完全竞争企业的供给曲线是（）。

- A. 平均总成本曲线- B. 平均可变成本曲线- C. 边际成本曲线- D. 边际成本曲线位于平均可变成本曲线之上的部分-答案：D四、多项选择题（5道题）1. 影响需求的主要因素有（）。

智慧树知到《中级微观经济学（双语）（山东联盟）》章节测试答案第一章1、What Microeconomics is about?( )A:Study of Business EnvironmentB:Study of financial position of the economyC:Study of the Economy at Micro Level正确答案： Study of the Economy at Micro Level2、Economics proceeds by making models of ( ), which are simplified representations of reality.A:social phenomenaB:people’s imaginationC:stories正确答案： social phenomena3、The demand curve shows ( )A:how much people would like to pay at the reserve prices.B:how much firms would like to sell at each prices.C:how much market would like to trade.正确答案： how much people would like to pay at the reserve prices.4、The conflict between the scarce economic wants of society and its limited resources gives rise to the economizing problem.A:对B:错正确答案：对5、The only requirement for a market to be perfectly competitive is for the market to have many buyers and sellers.A:对B:错正确答案：对第六章1、If a rational utility maximizer is a net demander of a good, and if an increase in its pricecauses him to buy more of it, then it must be an inferior good.A:对B:错正确答案：2、If a consumer is a buyer of some goods and a seller of others, then a change in prices will generate an extra income effect in the Slutsky equation due to the revaluation of the consumer's endowment.A:对B:错正确答案：3、If a utility maximizer is a net seller of something and the price of that good rises while other prices stay constant, her situation might improve so much that she becomes a net buyerA:对B:错正确答案：4、Marsha Mellow is very flexible. She consumes x and y. She says `Give me x or give me y; I don't care. I can't tell the difference between them.' She is currentlyendowed with 14 units of x and 6 units of y. The price of x is 4 times the price of y. Marsha can trade x and y at the going prices, but has no other source of income. How many units of y will Marsha consume?A:66B: 20C:62D:6正确答案：5、Yoram insists on consuming 3 times as much y as he consumes of x (so he always has y = 3x). He will consume these goods in no other ratio. The price of x is 2 times the price of y. Yoram has an endowment of 24 x0s and 42 y0s which he can trade at the going prices. He has no other source of income. What is Yoram's gross demand for x?A:90B:66C:18D:16正确答案：6、If leisure is a normal good, then an increase in non-labor income will reduce labor supply.A:对B:错正确答案：7、Mr. Cog has 18 hours per day to divide between labor and leisure. His utility function is U (C,R) = CR; where C is dollars per year spent on consumption and R is hours of leisure. If he has a nonlabor income of 40 dollars per day and a wage rate of 8 dollars per hour, he will choose a combination of labor and leisure that allows him to spend:A:184 dollars per day on consumption.B:82 dollars per day on consumption.C:112 dollars per day on consumption.D:92 dollars per day on consumption.正确答案：8、If Abishag owns 12 quinces and 10 kumquats, and if the price of kumquats is 3 times the price of quinces, how many kumquats can she afford if she buys as many kumquats as she can?A:28B:22C:10D:14正确答案：9、If Abishag owns 16 quinces and 15 kumquats, and if the price of kumquats is 4 times the price of quinces, how many kumquats can she afford if she buys as many kumquats as she can?A:38B:31C:15D:19正确答案：10、Yoram insists on consuming 3 times as much y as he consumes of x (so he always has y = 3x). He will consume these goods in no other ratio. The price of x is 2 times the price of y. Yoram has an endowment of 24 x's and 42 y's which he can trade at the going prices. He has no other source of income. What is Yoram's gross demand for x?A:90B:66C:18D:16正确答案：第八章1、The inverse demand curve P (x) for a good x measures the price per unit at which the quantity x would be demanded.A:对B:错正确答案：2、If a price changes, then changes in consumption at the intensive margin are changes that happen because consumers alter the amounts that they consume, but do not either stop consuming or start consuming the good.A:对B:错正确答案：3、If the demand function is q = 3m=p; where m is income and p is price, then the absolute value of the price elasticity of demand decreases as price increases.A:对B:错正确答案：4、A peck is 1/4 of a bushel. If the price elasticity of demand for bran is -0.2 when bran is measured in bushels, then when bran is measured in pecks, the price elasticity of demand for bran will be:A:-0.05B: -0.8C:-0.1D: None of the above.正确答案：5、The demand function is described by the equation q(p) = 190- p/5. The inverse demand function is described by:A:q(p) = 190 -5p.B:p(q) = 950 -5q.C:q(p)=1/(190 -p/5).D:p(q)=1/190 -q/5.正确答案：6、Marginal revenue is equal to price if the demand curve is horizontal.A:对B:错正确答案：7、The constant elasticity of demand for cigarettes has been estimated to be 0.5. To reduce smoking by 75%, approximately how much tax needs to be added to a $1 pack?A:$0.38B:$0.75C:$1.5D:$2.25正确答案：8、If the marginal cost of brewing beer is 40 cents and the profit maximizing price is 80 cents,then the price elasticity of demand isA:-0.66B:-1.8C:-2D:-2.33正确答案：9、A peck is 1/4 of a bushel. If the price elasticity of demand for bran is -0.2 when bran is measured in bushels, then when bran is measured in pecks, the price elasticity of demand for bran will be:A:-0.05B:-0.8C:-0.1D:None of the above.正确答案：10、The demand function is described by the equation q(p) = 190- p/5. The inverse demand function is described by:A:q(p) = 190 -5p.B:p(q) = 950 -5q.C:q(p)=1/(190 -p/5).D:p(q)=1/190 -q/5.正确答案：第九章1、If the supply curve is vertical, then the amount supplied is independent ofA:对B:错正确答案：2、The supply curve slopes up and to the right. If the demand curve shifts upward to a new curve which is everywhere higher than the old curve (but possibly of different slope) and if the supply curve does not shift, then the equilibrium price and quantity must necessarily increase.A:对B:错正确答案：3、An economic situation is Pareto optimal only if there is no way to make someone better off.A:对B:错正确答案：4、The demand for pickles is given by p=131-2q and supply is given by p=5+7q. What is the equilibrium quantity?A:11B:14C:19D:103正确答案：5、The demand function for fresh strawberries is q = 200-5p and the supply function is q=60+2p. What is the equilibrium price?B:20C:40D:50正确答案：6、If a quantity tax is collected from competitive suppliers of a good, placing a tax on the good causes the price paid by consumers to increase more than if the tax had been collected directly from the buyers.A:对B:错正确答案：7、The demand function for x is D(p) = 65-2p and the supply function is S(p) = 20 + p. The price that should be set to restrict quantity supplied to 30 units is closest to:A:5B:10C:15D:50正确答案：8、The demand function for rental apartments is q = 960-7p and the supply function is q = 160 + 3p. The government makes it illegal to charge a rent higher than 35. How much excess demand will there be?A:149B:450C:364正确答案：9、The demand for pickles is given by p=131-2q and supply is given by p=5+7q. What is the equilibrium quantity?A:11B:14C:19D:103正确答案：10、The demand function for fresh strawberries is q = 200-5p and the supply function is q=60+2p. What is the equilibrium price?A:10B:20C:40D:50正确答案：第十章1、 The production set of a firm is the set of all products the firm can produce.A:对B:错正确答案：2、 A production isoquant is a locus of combinations of inputs that are equally profitable.A:对B:错正确答案：3、 If a firm moves from one point on a production isoquant to another point on the same isoquant, which of the following will certainly NOT happen?A:a change in the level of outputB:a change in the ratio in which the inputs are combinedC:a change in the marginal products of the inputsD:a change in the rate of technical substitution正确答案：4、In any production process, the marginal product of labor equals:A:the value of total output minus the cost of the fixed capital stock.B:the change in output per unit change in labor input for 'small' changes in the amount of input.C:total output divided by total labor inputs.D:total output produced with the given labor inputs.正确答案：5、The inverse demand curve P (x) for a good x measures the price per unit at which the quantity x would be demanded.A:对B:错正确答案：6、 The production function f (x,y) = x + y has constant returns to scaleA:对B:错正确答案：7、 The production function Q = 50K0.75L0.75exhibitsA:increasing returns to scale.B:constant returns to scale.C:decreasing returns to scale.D:increasing, then diminishing returns to scale.正确答案：8、 A firm has a production function f (x,y)=1:10(x0.20+ y0.20)5 whenever x > 0 and y > 0.A:increasing returns to scale.B:decreasing returns to scale.C:constant returns to scale.D:increasing returns to scale if x + y > 1 and decreasing returns to scale otherwise.正确答案：9、 If a firm moves from one point on a production isoquant to another point on the same isoquant, which of the following will certainly NOT happen?A:a change in the level of outputB:a change in the ratio in which the inputs are combinedC:a change in the marginal products of the inputsD:a change in the rate of technical substitution正确答案：10、 In any production process, the marginal product of labor equals:A:The value of total output minus the cost of the fixed capital stock.B:the change in output per unit change in labor input for small changes in the amount of input.C:total output divided by total labor inputs.D:total output produced with the given labor inputs.正确答案：第十二章1、 A firm in a competitive industry takes account of the fact that the demand curve it confronts has a significant negative slope.A:对B:错正确答案：2、 In a perfectly competitive industry, the demand curve for the total output of the industry may be downward sloping.A:对B:错正确答案：3、Price equals marginal cost is a sufficient condition for profit maximizationA:对B:错正确答案：4、 A profit maximizing firm continues to operate even though it is losing money. It sells its product at a price of $100. From these facts we deduce that:A:average total cost is less than $100.B:average fixed cost is less than $100.C:marginal cost is increasing.D:average variable cost is less than $100.正确答案：5、A profit maximizing dairy farm is currently producing 10,000 gallons of milk per day. The government is considering two alternative policies. One is to give the farm a lump sum subsidy of $500 per month. The other policy is to give the farm a subsidy of $.05 per gallon of output.A:Both kinds of subsidy will increase production at this farm.B:Neither subsidy will affect production at this farm, since output is determined by profit maximization.C:Production at this farm will be increased if the per unit subsidy is adopted, but not if the lump-sum subsidy is adopted.D:Which subsidy has the greater effect on production at this farm depends on whether fixed costs are greater than variable costs.E:Production will be increased by either kind of subsidy if and only if there are not decreasing returns to scale.正确答案：6、 The cost function c(w1,w2,y) expresses the cost per unit of output of producing y units of output if equal amounts of both factors are used.A:对B:错正确答案：7、 If it costs $10 to set up and later clean a bagel press and bagels cost $1 per week, per bagel, to store, how many times should the bagel press be run each week to produce 500 bagels a week to be sold continuously?A:Once.B:TwiceC:3 times.D:4 times正确答案：8、 If output is produced according to Q = 4LK, the price of K is $10, and the price of L is$10, then the cost minimizing combination of K and L capable of producing 16 units of output isA:L = 4 and K = 1B:L = 2 and K = 2C:L = 1 and K = 1D:L = 8 and K = 8正确答案：9、 The average variable cost curve must always be U shaped.A:对B:错正确答案：10、 The marginal cost curve passes through the minimum point of the average fixed cost curve.A:对B:错正确答案：第十三章1、 A firm in a competitive industry takes account of the fact that the demand curve it confronts has a significant negative slope.A:对B:错正确答案：2、 In a perfectly competitive industry, the demand curve for the total output of the industry may be downward sloping.A:对B:错正确答案：3、Price equals marginal cost is a sufficient condition for profit maximizationA:对B:错正确答案：4、 A profit maximizing firm continues to operate even though it is losing money. It sells its product at a price of $100. From these facts we deduce that:A:average total cost is less than $100.B:average fixed cost is less than $100.C:marginal cost is increasing.D:average variable cost is less than $100.正确答案：5、A profit maximizing dairy farm is currently producing 10,000 gallons of milk per day. The government is considering two alternative policies. One is to give the farm a lump sum subsidy of $500 per month. The other policy is to give the farm a subsidy of $.05 per gallon of output.A:Both kinds of subsidy will increase production at this farm.B:Neither subsidy will affect production at this farm, since output is determined by profit maximization.C:Production at this farm will be increased if the per unit subsidy is adopted, but not if the lump-sum subsidy is adopted.D:Which subsidy has the greater effect on production at this farm depends on whether fixed costs are greater than variable costs.E:Production will be increased by either kind of subsidy if and only if there are not decreasing returns to scale.正确答案：6、 The change in producer’s surplus when the market price changes from p1 to p2 is half of the area to the left of the marginal cost curve between p1 and p2.A:对B:错正确答案：7、 A firm has the long run cost function C(q)=4q2+ 4. In the long run, it will supplya positive amount of output, so long as the price is greater than:A:16B:24C:4D:8正确答案：8、 Suppose that Dent Carr’s long run total cost of repairing s cars per week is c(s)=3s2+ 27.If the price he receives for repairing a car is 30, then in the long run, how many cars will he fix perweek if he maximizes profits?A:5B:0C:10D:7.5正确答案：9、 A profit maximizing firm continues to operate even though it is losing money. It sells its product at a price of $100. From these facts we deduce that:A:average total cost is less than $100.B:average fixed cost is less than $100.C:marginal cost is increasing.D:average variable cost is less than $100.正确答案：10、 A profit maximizing dairy farm is currently producing 10,000 gallons of milk per day. The government is considering two alternative policies. One is to give the farm a lump sum subsidy of $500 per month. The other policy is to give the farm a subsidy of $.05 per gallon of output.A:Both kinds of subsidy will increase production at this farm.B:Production at this farm will be increased if the per unit subsidy is adopted, but not if the lump-sum subsidy is adopted.C:Which subsidy has the greater effect on production at this farm depends on whether fixed costs are greater than variable costs.D:Production will be increased by either kind of subsidy if and only if there are not decreasing returns to scale.正确答案：第二章1、If there are two goods with positive prices and the price of one good is reduced, while income and other prices remain constant, then the size of the budget set is reduced.A:对B:错正确答案：错2、If preferences are transitive, more is always preferred to less.A:对B:错正确答案：错3、With quasi-linear preferences, the slope of indifference curves is constant along all rays through the origin.A:对B:错正确答案：错4、Hans has 27 dollars, which he decides to spend on x and y. Commodity x costs $16 per unit and commodity y costs $10 per unit. He has the utility function U (x, y)=5x2 + 2y2 and he can purchase fractional units of x and y.A: Hans will choose only x.B: Hans will choose only y.C: Hans will chose some of each commodity, but more y than x.D: Hans will choose some of each commodity, but more x than y.正确答案：Hans will choose only y.5、Wanda Littlemore's utility function is U (x, y) = x + 63y2.Her income is 184. If the price of x is 1 and the price of y is 33, how many units of good x will Wanda demand?A:17B:22C:24D:19正确答案： 19第三章1、If preferences are quasilinear, then for very high incomes the income offer curve is a straight line parallel to one of the axes.A:对B:错正确答案：2、If two goods are substitutes, then an increase in the price of one of them will increase the demand for the other.A:对B:错正确答案：3、An Engel curve is a demand curve with the vertical and horizontal axes reversed.A:对B:错正确答案：4、Daisy received a tape recorder as a birthday gift and is not able to return it. Her utility function is U(x,y,z)=x+z1/2f(y)where z is the number of tapes she buys, y is the number of tape recorders she has and x is the amount of money she has left to spend. f(y)=0if y<1and f(y)=8 if y is 1 or greater. The price of tapes is 2 and she can easily afford to buy dozens of tapes. How many tapes will she buy?A:4B:6C:2D:8正确答案：5、Mike consumes two commodities, x and y; and his utility function is min{x +2y,y+2x}. He chooses to buy 8 units of good x and 16 units of good y. The price of good y is 0.50. What is his income?A:32B:40C:24D:16正确答案：6、Quasilinear preferences are homothetic when the optimal amount of one of the goods is not affordable.A:对B:错正确答案：7、Walt consumes strawberries and cream but only in the fixed ratio of three boxes of strawber ries to two cartons of cream. At any other ratio, the excess goods are totally useless to him. The cost of a box of strawberries is 10 and the cost of a carton of cream is 10. Walt's income is 200.Which of the following is true?A:Walt demands 10 cartons of cream.B:Walt demands 10 boxes of strawberries.C:Walt considers strawberries and cartons of cream to be perfect substitutes.D:Walt demands 12 boxes of strawberries.正确答案：8、Madonna buys only two goods. Her utility function is Cobb-Douglas. Her demand functions have which of the following properties?A:Her demand for one of the two goods does not depend on income.B:Her demand for neither good depends on income.C:Her demand for each of the goods depends on income and on the prices of both goods.D:Her demand for each of the two goods depends only on her income and on the price of that good itself.正确答案：9、Daisy received a tape recorder as a birthday gift and is not able to return it. Her utility function is U(x,y,z)=x+z1/2f(y)where z is the number of tapes she buys, y is the number of tape recorders she has and x is the amount of money she has left to spend. f(y)=0if y<1and f(y)=8 if y is 1 or greater. The price of tapes is 2 and she can easily afford to buy dozens of tapes. How many tapes will she buy?A:4B:6C:2D:8正确答案：10、Mike consumes two commodities, x and y; and his utility function is min{x +2y,y+2x}. He chooses to buy 8 units of good x and 16 units of good y. The price of good y is 0.50. What is his income?A:32B:40C:24D:16正确答案：第四章1、The strong axiom of revealed preference requires that if a consumer chooses x when he can afford y; and chooses y when he can afford z; then he will not choose z when he can afford x.A:对B:错正确答案：2、If a consumer maximizes a utility function subject to a budget constraint and has strictly convex preferences, then his behavior will necessarily satisfy the weak axiom of revealed preference and the strong axiom of revealed preference.A:对B:错正确答案：3、The Laspeyres price index differs from the Paasche price index because the Laspeyres index holds prices constant and varies quantities while the Paasche price index holds quantities constant and varies prices.A:对B:错正确答案：4、Let A stand for the bundle (7,9);B stand for the bundle (10,5); and C stand for the bundle (6,6). When prices are (2,4); Betty chooses C. When prices are (12,3) she chooses A. Which of the following is true?B: A is indirectly revealed preferred to B.C:C is directly revealed preferred to A.D:None of the above正确答案：5、Remember that the Laspeyres price index uses the old quantities for the weights. In 1971, good x cost 3 and good y cost 1. The current price of good x is 3 and the current price of good y is 5. In 1971 the consumption bundle was (x,y) = (3,5). The current consumption bundle is (x,y) = (9 ,4). The Laspeyres index of current prices relative to 1971 prices is closest to which of the following numbers?A: 3.36B:2.43C:0.30D: 1.52正确答案：6、It follows from the weak axiom of revealed preference that if a consumer chooses x when he could afford y and chooses y when he could afford x; then his income must have changed between the two observations.A:对B:错正确答案：7、Let A stand for the bundle (7,9);B stand for the bundle (10,5); and C stand for the bundle (6,6). When prices are (2,4); Betty chooses C. When prices are (12,3) she chooses A. Which of the following is true?A:A is directly revealed preferred to B.B:A is indirectly revealed preferred to B.D:None of the above正确答案：8、Remember that the Laspeyres price index uses the old quantities for the weights. In 1971, good x cost 3 and good y cost 1. The current price of good x is 3 and the current price of good y is 5. In 1971 the consumption bundle was (x,y) = (3,5). The current consumption bundle is (x,y) = (9 ,4). The Laspeyres index of current prices relative to 1971 prices is closest to which of the following numbers?A:3.36B:2.43C:0.30D:1.52正确答案：9、At prices (4,12); Harry chooses the bundle (9,4). At the prices (8,4); Harry chooses the bundle (2,9). Is this behavior consistent with the weak axiom of revealed preference?A:YesB:NoC:It depends on his income.D:We would have to observe a third choice to be able to say.正确答案：10、A student spends all of her income on pizza and books. When pizzas cost $3 each and books cost $10 each, she consumed 30 pizzas and 3 books per month. The price of pizzas fell to $2.90 each while the price of books rose to $11 each. The price change:A:made her worse offB:left her exactly as well offas before.C:left her at least as well offas before and possibly helped her.D:had the same effect as a $3 increase in her income.正确答案：第五章1、A Giffen good must be an inferior good.A:对B:错正确答案：2、The compensated demand function refers to the demand function of someone who is adequately paid for what he for she sells.A:对B:错正确答案：3、In the case of homothetic preferences the entire change in demand from a price change is due to the substitution effect.A:对B:错正确答案：4、Walt considers x and y to be perfect substitutes. They originally cost 10 and 9 respectively. His income is 720. One day the price of x drops to 8. Which of the following is true?A:The income effect increases the quantity of y by 90．B:The substitution effect increases the quantity of y by 80.C:The substitution effect increases the quantity of x by 90D:The income effect increases the quantity of x by 80.正确答案：5、Suppose that bananas are a normal good and Woody is currently consuming 100 bananas at a price of 10 cents each.A:His Slutsky compensated demand curve going through this point is steeper than his ordinary demand curve.B:His ordinary demand curve going through this point is steeper than his Slutsky compensated demand curve.C:His ordinary demand curve is steeper to the left and his Slutsky compensated demand curve is steeper to the right of this point.D:Whether his ordinary demand curve or his compensated demand curve is steeper, depends on whether his price elasticity is greater than 1.正确答案：6、John purchases two goods, x and y. Good x is an inferior good for some range of income.There must be another range of income for which good x is a normal good.A:对B:错正确答案：7、The following can be said about the income and substitution effects of a price increase on the demand for the good whose price rose:A:The former is always positive and the latter is always negative.B:Both can be either positive or negative.C:While the latter is always negative, the former can be either positive or negative.D:While the former is always negative, the latter can be either positive or negative.正确答案：8、When the price of x rises, Marvin responds by changing his demand for x. The substitution effect is the part of this change that represents his change in demand:A:holding the prices of substitutes constant.B:if he is allowed to substitute as much x for y as he wishes.C:if his money income is held constant when the price of x changes.D:none of the above.正确答案：9、Walt considers x and y to be perfect substitutes. They originally cost 10 and 9 respectively. His income is 720. One day the price of x drops to 8. Which of the following is true?A:The income effect increases the quantity of y by 90．B:The substitution effect increases the quantity of y by 80.C:The substitution effect increases the quantity of x by 90.D:The income effect increases the quantity of x by 80.正确答案：10、Suppose that bananas are a normal good and Woody is currently consuming 100 bananas at a price of 10 cents each.A:His Slutsky compensated demand curve going through this point is steeper than his ordinary demand curve.B:His ordinary demand curve going through this point is steeper than his Slutsky compensated demand curve.C:His ordinary demand curve is steeper to the left and his Slutsky compensated demand curve is steeper to the right of this point.D:Whether his ordinary demand curve or his compensated demand curve is steeper, depends on whether his price elasticity is greater than 1.正确答案：第七章1、Consumer's surplus is another name for excess demand.A:对B:错正确答案：2、The equivalent variation in income from a tax is the amount of extra income thata consumer would need in order to be as well off after the tax is imposed as he was originally.A:对B:错正确答案：3、With quasilinear preferences, the equivalent variation and the compensating variation in income due to a tax are the same.A:对B:错正确答案：4、Ella's utility function is min{4x,y}. If the price of x is 15 and the price of y is 20, how much money would she need to be able to purchase a bundle that she likes as well as the bundle(x,y) = (5,8)?A:92B:198C:190D:235正确答案：5、Sam's utility function is U (x,y)=2x + y where x is the number of x's he consumes per week and y is the number of y's he consumes per week. Sam has $200 a week to spend. The price of x is 4. Sam currently doesn't consume any y. Sam has received an invitation to join a club devoted to consumption of y. If he joins the club, Sam can get a discount on the purchase of y. If he belonged to the club he could buy y for $1 a unit. How much is the most Sam would be willing to pay to join this club?A: nothingB:$100 a weekC:$50 a weekD: $40 a week正确答案：6、Sir Plus has a demand function for mead that is given by the equation D(p) = 100-P.If the price of mead is 75, how much is Sir Plus's net consumer surplus?A:25B:312.5C:625D:156.25正确答案：7、Sam has quasilinear preferences and his demand function for x is D(p) = 15-p/3.The price of x is initially $15 per unit and increases to $24 per unit. Sam's change is consumer surplus is the closest to:A:-168B:-76。

中级微观经济学题库第一章市场1.1 假定市场中最初有5单位公寓，而其中的一个单位变成了公共品。

（a）假设需求者A决定买下该公共物品。

使得公寓的需求等于供给的最高价格是多少？最低价格是多少？在表中的A列中填入你的答案。

然后计算一下，如果B，C，…决定购买该公共品时公寓的均衡价格。

（b）假设在每个保留价格下有两个需求者，共有10套公寓。

供给等于需求的最高价格是多少？假设这些公寓中的一套变成了公共品，这一最高价格还是均衡价格吗？需求者 A B C D E F G H最高价最低价1.2 现在假定有一个垄断者拥有所有的公寓，他要决定能够最大化他的收入的价格和数量。

（a）如果该垄断者租出1，2，…，8套公寓，在下表中填写他能获得的最高价格和收入。

（假定他必须对所有的公寓索要同样的价格。

）（b）从A到F中，哪些人租到了公寓？（c）如果法律要求垄断者刚好租出5套公寓，为了最大化收入，他索要的价格将是多少？（d）哪些人会租到公寓？（e）假定该房东可以向每个人索要不同的价格，并且他知道每个人的保留价格。

如果他将5套公寓全部租出，他能获得的最大收入是多少？（f）如果5套公寓都租出去了，哪些人租到了公寓？数量 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8价格收入第二章预算约束2.1 在波罗的海附近的一个小国中，只有三种商品：土豆、肉丸和果酱。

在过去的近50年里，价格都十分稳定。

土豆每袋2克朗，肉丸每坛4克朗，果酱每罐6克朗。

（a）一个叫Gunnar的公民，他每年有360克朗的收入，写出他的预算方程。

令P、M、J分别代表Gunnar在一年中所消费的土豆的袋数、肉丸的坛数和果酱的罐数。

（b）该国的公民一般都十分聪明，但是他们不擅长乘以2的计算。

这使得购买土豆成为了一件令许多公民痛苦的困难事情。

因此该国决定引入一种新的货币单位，使得土豆成为计价物。

一代土豆要花费一单位的新货币，但相对价格与过去一样。

用新货币表示的肉丸价格是多少？（c）用新货币表示的果酱价格是多少？（d）要使Gunnar能够买得起变革之前他所消费的相同的商品束，他以新货币表示的收入必须是多少？（e）写出Gunnar的新预算方程。

西方经济学微观部分（中级）知识整理第一章微观经济学引论一、微观经济学的特点（重要命题点）1.研究对象（1999年真题，重要考点）：个体经济单位（在三个层次上展开：个体消费者、个体生产者、单个市场以及相互之间的作用[一般均衡理论]）2.基本假设条件：理性人（经济人）假设（2005年真题）3.分析方法：（2012年静态与比较静态分析真题）①边际分析法：是西方经济学的基本分析方法之一，是指通过研究增量来分析经济行为，实际上是微积分的求导问题。

例如：边际价值论：“钻石与水的悖论”水的价格低廉是因为其边际价值和边际生产成本较低，而钻石价格昂贵是因为它具有很高的边际价值（因为它们相对稀少）和很高的边际生产成本。

②均衡分析：分析经济力量达到均衡时所需要的条件以及均衡达到时会出现的情况。

用数学语言来说就是所研究的经济问题中涉及各种变量，假定自变量为已知或不变，考察因变量达到均衡时所需要的条件和会出现的情况。

均衡分析有局部均衡分析和一般均衡分析之分。

③静态分析：考察在既定的条件下某一经济事物在经济变量相互作用下所实现的均衡状态的特征。

④比较静态分析：当原有条件发生变化时，考察均衡状态所发生的变化，并比较新旧均衡状态。

⑤动态分析：引进时间变化序列，研究不同时点的均衡的变化过程。

（“蛛网模型”）实证分析和规范分析（重要考点）⑥实证分析：（尼克尔森书本定义）是指将现实世界作为一个客观存在来研究的，并试图解释所观察到的经济现象的分析方法。

实证经济学试图确定经济中的资源事实上到底是如何配置的。

⑦规范分析：（尼克尔森书本定义）是指在所研究的经济问题上持有一定的道德观点，希望研究资源应当、应该如何配置的分析方法。

例如：从事实证经济分析的经济学家可以考察一国的医疗行业是如何定价的，还可以衡量在医疗中投入更多资源的成本和效益。

但是当该经济学家宣称更多的资源应当投入到医疗保健中时，就已经进入了规范分析的阶段。

附录：高鸿业《微观经济学（第六版）》的讲解⑥.1实证经济学：是指研究实际经济体系是如何运行的，对经济行为作出有关的假设，根据假设分析和陈述经济行为及其后果，并试图对结论进行检验。

目　录第一篇　微观经济学导论第一章　微观经济学是什么第二章　需求、供给与市场均衡第二篇　完全竞争环境下的微观经济运行第三章　消费者行为理论（Ⅰ）第四章　消费者行为理论（Ⅱ）第五章　生产者行为理论（Ⅰ）第六章　生产者行为理论（Ⅱ）第七章　竞争性市场分析：产品市场第八章　竞争性市场分析：要素市场第九章　一般均衡与福利经济学第三篇　不完全竞争环境下的微观经济运行第十章　完全垄断理论第十一章　垄断竞争理论第十二章　寡头市场第十三章　博弈论与厂商的策略性行为第十四章　不完全竞争下的要素价格理论第四篇　不确定下、信息与市场失灵第十五章　不确定性、风险与信息非对称第十六章　市场失灵、外部性与公共物品第一篇　微观经济学导论第一章　微观经济学是什么1判断题（1）任何不对其索取价格的物品都是自由取用物品。

（　）【答案】×【解析】自由取用物品是指相对于人类的欲望来说，其数量是无限的，取用时不需要花费任何代价，其价格为零，如自然界中的空气、水等。

但是不对其索取价格并不代表都是自由取用物品，如得到免费馈赠的物品，对于被赠与人来说未被索取任何价格，但该物品仍是经济物品。

（2）稀缺物品一定有一个直接以货币支付的价格。

（　）【答案】×【解析】稀缺物品是指相对于人类无限多样性的需要或欲望而言，其数量是有限的，取用时需要付出一定的代价，其机会成本大于零。

但不是所有的稀缺性都可以用货币来表示。

例如，随着工业的发展和环境污染，清洁的水和新鲜的空气逐渐变得稀缺，但难以用货币来衡量。

（3）如果你得到两张免费的奥运会参观券，它们可以看作是自由取用物。

（　）【答案】×【解析】自由物品的免费取用是对于所有社会成员而言的，奥运会参观券对于其他人来说，仍需支付一定的价格，所以是稀缺物品。

（4）如果某种资源免费供应时社会成员所需要的多于现有的，那么，这种资源就是稀缺的。

（　）【答案】√【解析】当某种资源免费供应社会成员所需要的多于现有的，便出现了资源的有限性与欲望的无限性的矛盾，从而这种资源是稀缺的。

《中级微观经济学》课程教学大纲课程代码: 50140035 课程名称: 中级微观经济学课程基本情况:1. 学分: 3学分学时: 48学时2. 课程性质: 必修3. 适用专业: 经济学适用对象: 本科4. 先修课程: 经济学原理、高等数学5．首选教材：范里安著, 费方域译, 《微观经济学：现代观点》第六版, 上海：上海人民出版社。

二选教材：平新乔著, 《微观经济学十八讲》, 北京：北京大学出版社, 2001。

参考书目:[1]、高山晟著, 刘振亚译, 《经济学中的分析方法》, 北京: 中国人民大学出版社,2001；[2]、张维迎著, 《博弈论与信息经济学》, 上海：上海三联出版社、上海人民出版社,1999；[3]、Hal Varian, Intermediate Microeconomics: A Modern Approach, sixth edition,W.W.Norton & Co., 2005；[4]、曼昆著, 梁小民译, 《经济学原理》（第3版·上、下册）, 北京: 机械工业出版社, 2003。

[5].平狄克、鲁宾费尔德著张军译, 《微观经济学》第四版, 北京: 中国人民大学出版社, 2002；[6].曼斯费尔德著, 黄险峰等译, 《微观经济学》（第九版）, 北京: 中国人民大学出版社, 2003；6. 考核形式：闭卷考试+平时表现（期末闭卷考试占70%；平时表现占30%）7．教学环境：要具备必要的现代化教学工具, 如多媒体教室。

课程教学目的及要求:微观经济学是学习和掌握现代主流经济学的基础课程, 是迈进经济学殿堂的重要阶梯。

现代经济学已经发展出一整套可经证伪的理论体系, 与其他社会科学相比, 它更趋近于自然科学, 因而是一门更为“科学”的社会科学。

本课程旨在讲述两百年来经济学关于资源配置的解释性逻辑框架, 演绎新古典经济学的理论架构, 培养学生经济学的思维方式, 使得他们能够像经济学家那样去思考现实中的各类经济问题。

第2章预算约束1.消费者的最初预算线是p1x1+p2x2=m。

接着，商品1的价格提高了1倍，商品2的价格提高了7倍，收入增加了3倍。

根据原先的价格和收入写出新的预算线的方程。

2.如果商品2的价格上涨了，而商品1的价格和收入保持不变，预算线会有什么变化？3.如果商品1的价格上涨了1倍，商品2的价格上涨了2倍，预算线是变得平缓了还是变得陡峭了？4.计价物的定义是什么?5.假设政府起初对每加仑汽油征税15美分，后来，又决定对每加仑汽油补贴7美分。

这两种方法混合运用后的税收是多少？6.假设预算方程是p1x1+p2x2=m。

如果政府决定征收u单位的总额税、对商品1征收t单位的从量税，以及对商品2进行从量补贴s，新预算线的公式是什么？7.如果消费者的收入增加了，同时有一种商品的价格下降了，那么消费者的境况会与原来一样好吗？1.如果我们有一次看到，某消费者在（y1,y2）可以同时得到的情况下选择了（x1,x2）,那么，（x1,x2）>（y1,y2）的结论正确吗？2.假设有三个人A,B和C，身高关系为“至少和…一样高”，比如“A至少和B一样高”。

这样的关系是传递的吗？是完备的吗？3.假设有三个人A,B和C，身高关系为“严格高于”。

这样的关系是传递的吗？是反身的吗？是完备的吗？4.某大学橄榄球教练说，任意给定两个前锋比如 A和B，他永远偏好身材更高大和速度更快的那个。

他的这种偏好关系是传递的吗？是完备的吗？5.某条无差异曲线能否与自身相交？例如，图3.2能否是一条无差异曲线而不是两条？6.如果偏好是单调的，能否把图3.2看成一条无差异曲线而不是两条？7.如果辣香肠和凤尾鱼都是厌恶品，那么无差异曲线的斜率为正还是负？8.解释为什么凸偏好意味着“平均束好于端点束”。

11.举例说明你的偏好在什么样的情形下为凹的。

1.课文中说，将某数字变为它的奇次幂是一种单调变换。

那么，将其变为它的偶次幂是单调变换吗？（提示：要考虑类似f(u)=u2的情形。

《中级微观经济学》课程教学大纲课程名称：中级微观经济学课程类别：任意选修课适用专业：经济学考核方式：考查总学时、学分：48学时3学分其中实验学时：0学时一、课程教学目的《微观经济学》是《西方经济学》的重要组成部分，是我国高等院校经济管理类专业的基础课程。

中级微观经济学是在初级微观经济学的基础上，规范运用数学语言，系统阐述微观经济学理论和分析方法，加深学习对经济理论的理解。

本课程的教学目的是要求学生了解、认识和掌握中级微观经济学的基本概念、基本原理、基本方法及其理论体系，培养学生经济学的思维方式，使学生能够像经济学家一样思考。

在此基础上，从数学的角度更深入地掌握微观经济学的基本分析方法和基本建模方法，并能运用这些方法解释和预测现实中的经济现象，体会经济分析严密的逻辑推理，同时也为今后研究生阶段的学习和研究提供理论基础。

二、课程教学要求中级微观经济学主要研究市场机制如何解决稀缺资源的配置问题，试图通过分析个体经济单位的行为来说明市场机制的运行和作用。

教学中要加强对基本理论的讲解和分析，使学生掌握现代微观经济学的分析方法，学会用规范的数学语言进行经济分析；注重培养学生分析问题、解决问题的能力；坚持理论联系实际的原则，紧跟现实生活中的经济热点问题，加强学生活学活用的能力。

三、先修课程微观经济学、宏观经济学、高等数学等四、课程教学重、难点本课程的教学重点是微观经济学课程的基本理论，包括：价格理论、消费者行为理论、生产者行为理论、市场结构理论、一般均衡理论等。

本课程的教学难点是利用数学工具推导相关理论，将松散复杂的现实经济问题简化抽象为经济行为主体在约束条件下的优化问题，使学生掌握建立经济学模型的基本方法。

五、课程教学方法与教学手段课程采用多媒体教学，课堂讲授和讨论相结合。

通过案例导入和经济热点分析，展开讨论，激发学生对中级微观经济学的学习兴趣六、课程教学内容（一）第一章市场（1学时）1.教学内容（1）构建模型；（2）最优化和均衡；（3）需求曲线；（4）供给曲线；（5）市场均衡；（6）比较静态分析；2.重、难点提示（1）重点是供给、需求和市场均衡的概念；（2）难点是比较静态分析和帕累托最优。

《中级微观经济学》习题第一章 绪论1、英国古典经济学家大卫·李嘉图在《政治经济学及税赋原理》一书中认为，市场经济是商业完全自由的经济制度，如果没有外在干预的影响，它会自然地、有序地发展下去。

李嘉图指出：“在没有政府的干预时，农业、商业和制造业最为繁荣。

”国家需要做的全部事情，就是避免一切干预，既不要鼓励生产的一个源泉，也不要抑制另一个源泉。

对此观点，你有什么看法？请予以系统论述。

2、微观经济学研究极大满足人类需要的方式，但这真的是一个切合实际的目标吗？比如，假设人民需要不好的东西，如吸毒、酗酒等等。

尽可能满足人们的这些需要仍是切合实际的吗？微观经济学对人们的需要的假设有什么问题？你认为应怎样改进？3、对大多数经济政策问题，人们可以发现经济学家之间存在很大的分歧，这能证明经济学不是一门科学吗？4、在评价经济学家的论述的准确性时，你是否能够区分：（1）经济学家的那些论述是描述性的？（2）那些是它们关于究竟应采取何种政策的论述。

5、西方有一种“奥卡姆剃刀”原则：如无必要，勿增实体。

如果两个模型预测的准确度相同，我们应选择不太复杂的那个？你是否赞成这种观点？你如何去判断一个模型的复杂程度？6、为什么一个不能通过经验事实来验证的理论不是一个好的理论？第二章 供给和需求的基本原理1、需求的价格弹性有哪些类型？它们是怎样划分的？2、什么是价格控制？政府干预市场价格的后果是什么？3、短期弹性与长期弹性的区别？4、影响需求弹性与价格弹性的因素分别有哪些？5、假定需求函数为N MP Q -=，其中M 不是收入，P 表示水平价格，N （N>0）为常数。

求：需求的价格点弹性和需求的收入点弹性。

6、若某商品市场是有100个消费者，其中，60个消费者购买该市场1/3的商品，且每个消费者的需求的价格弹性为3；另外40个消费者购买该市场2/3的商品，且每个消费者的需求的价格弹性为6。

求：按照100个消费者合计的需求的价格弹性是多少？7、画图说明蛛网模型的三种情况。

平狄克《微观经济学》（第7版）【教材精讲＋考研真题解析】讲义与视频课程【32小时高清视频】目录第一部分开篇导读[0.5小时高清视频讲解]第二部分辅导讲义[27小时高清视频讲解]第1章绪论第2章供给和需求的基本原理2.1 本章框架结构图2.2 重难点解读第3章消费者行为3.1 本章框架结构图3.2 重难点解读第4章个人需求和社会需求4.1 本章框架结构图4.2 重难点解读第5章不确定性与消费者行为5.1 本章框架结构图5.2 重难点解读第6章生产6.1 本章框架结构图6.2 重难点解读第7章成产成本7.1 本章框架结构图7.2 重难点解读第8章利润最大化和竞争性供给8.1 本章框架结构图8.2 重难点解读第9章竞争性市场分析9.1 本章框架结构图9.2 重难点解读第10章市场势力：垄断与买方垄断10.1 本章框架结构图10.2 重难点解读第11章有市场势力的定价11.1 本章框架结构图11.2 重难点解读第12章垄断竞争和寡头竞争12.1 本章框架结构图12.2 重难点解读第13章博弈论和竞争策略13.1 本章框架结构图13.2 重难点解读第14章投入要素市场14.1 本章框架结构图14.2 重难点解读第15章投资、时间及资本市场15.1 本章框架结构图15.2 重难点解读第16章一般均衡与经济效率16.1 本章框架结构图16.2 重难点解读第17章信息不对称市场17.1 本章框架结构图17.2 重难点解读第18章外部性和公共品18.1 本章框架结构图18.2 重难点解读第三部分名校考研真题名师精讲及点评[4.5小时高清视频讲解]一、名词解释二、简答题三、计算题四、论述题内容简介本书特别适用于参加研究生入学考试指定考研参考书目为平狄克《微观经济学》的考生，也可供各大院校学习平狄克《微观经济学》的师生参考。

平狄克所著的《微观经济学》（中国人民大学出版社）被列为“十一五”国家重点图书出版规划项目，是我国众多高校采用的经济学优秀教材，也被众多高校（包括科研机构）指定为“经济类”专业考研参考书目。