英语高中学业水平测试课件：第二部分专题九定语从句

语法填空 1. The Wi-Fi will be connected automatically in any restaurant _____ they go. 2. Nowadays, _____ we have the power to be far away nature and enjoy delicious food, we should be grateful to the people _____ use their hands and brain to make so many delicious food.
定语从句的省略条件： 关系代词在限制性形容词从句中作宾语时，可以省略
请找出“隐形”的定语从句（画出定语从句部分，将省略掉的关系代词补回去）
1. You should be grateful for everything your mother did for you. 2. Another way you can try is to climb up from a ladder(梯子). 3. Try to catch the ball others passed on to you. 4. The person I am writing a letter to is my old friend. 5. You can read the magazines the assistant put on the desk.
先行词 可以是主句中的任何名词成分（从句不一定紧跟先行词） 可以是整个主句，此时关系词使用which/as
关系代词
位置
含义
which
as
as引导的定语从句通常有固定的表达：
as we all know
as I can remember

先行词 关系词
从句
which、that 是关系代词，它在从句中代替先行词the building,
同时担任从句中的主语，也起连词的作用，把两个简单句连接 起来。
v 关系代词的使用取决于先行词，它们的关系非常密切，因为关系代词在
定语从句中代替主句中的先行词，所以它在一般情况下都跟在先行词之后， 而且它的 人称、数必须和先行词一致。
省.）
1) A plane is a machine that can fly. A plane is a machine which can fly.
2) Who was hurt in the accident that happened yesterday? Who was hurt in the accident which happened yesterday?
高中英语定语从句精品课件
Ø关系代词如何引导定语从句
q普通代词与关系代词的区别 I have a sister.She works in Shanghai.
代替 sister
I have a sister who/that works in Shanghai. q普通代词：只起代替的作用（如上例she) q关系代词： （如上例who/which）
3)Have you found the bike that you lost? Have you found the bike which you lost? Have you found the bike 省略 you lost?
高中英语定语从句精品课件
2. which 指物,在从句中作主语或宾语。作主语不 可省略;作宾语可以省略。
1. 除了代替先行词外， 2.它还在定语从句中担任一定的成分， 3. 同时连接先行词与它引导的定语从句。

instead of toys.
why / for which he could not go there was that 2.The reason______________ his grades were too low. when / at which Spielberg’s career 3.This was the moment ______________ really took off.
A. in whom B. in them C. of whom D. of them
【解析】选C。句意:我们班有46名学生,其中一半都戴眼镜。 此处为“介词+关系代词”结构。根据句意和从句中的搭配half of...可知,应用of表示“其中”之意。
3. (2012•天津高考)I wish to thank Professor Smith, without____ help I would never have got this far. A. who B. whose C. whom D. which
3.I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.
=I
on which I first came to Beijing. still remember the day ________
【课堂训练】
in which/where Spielberg used real actors 1.This was a film _____________
宾语,in which相当于in the process,故D项正确。A项和B项中的 what不可以引导定语从句。C项which必须在从句中作主语或 宾语。

宾语
8. As many people as were present voted for the plan.
主语
Task2 参照task 1 中的有关内容，填写表格1：确定关系代词 的依据
关系代词 先行词（人、物） 在 从 句 中 所 作 的 成 分 （主语、宾语、定语）
that
人、物
主语、宾语
writing?
Point 2
宜用that不宜用which引导 定语从句的情况
1. 当先行词是all, little (少), few, much, any, everything, anything, nothing, none等不定代词或被这些词修饰时 2. 当先行词既包括人又包括物时 3. 当先行词被the only, the very, the last, the same 等修饰时 4. 当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时 5. 当主句是以who, which开头的特殊疑问句时
5. I know the person whose house was totally destroyed in the
earthquake.
定语
6. He lives in a house whose windows face south.
定语
7. Here is so big a stone as no one can lift.
holidays in Qingdao?
用that , when, why, where , which填空
1.I want to know the date, __w_h_e__n_you were born. 2.I have forgotten the date _th_a__t/_w_h__ic_h_ you told me. 3.Do you know the reason __w__h_y___ he is absent today? 4.That is the reason __w_h__ic_h_/_t_h_a_t_ I want to know. 5.This is the factory _w__h_e_r_e__ his father works. 6.This is the factory _t_h_a_t_/_w_h_i_c_h_ his father built.

C.after which
D.from that
3.(2006浙江卷) I was given three books on cooking, the
first_____ I really enjoyed.
A. of that
B. of which
C. that
D. which
4.(2005重庆卷) Mark was a student at this university
免重复, 关系代词不要再用 who, which，而用
6. Is otxhyagt。en the only gas _____ helps fire burn?
A. it B. /
C. which D. that
7. Which was the hotel _____ was recommended to you?
there is a teacher’s desk.
1.(2006湖南卷)We saw several natives advancing towards our party, and one of them came up to us,________ we gave some bells and glasses.
time
时间状语
place
地点状语
reason
原因状语
考点一：that 和 which
以下情况，引导词用that，不用which。
1.先行词为不定代词 everything，little, much， all，anything，nothing, none, few时, 2.先行词同时指人和指物时，
from 1999 to 2003, ______ he studied very hard and was made Chairman of the Students’ Union.

被修饰的先行 词
指人或物的词
指物的词或整 个主句
指人的词
指人的词
指人或物的词
指人或物的词 或整个主句
表示时间的名 词
表示地点的名 词
关系词在从句中充当的 成分 主语、语、表语 主语、宾语 主语、宾语 宾语 定语 主语、宾语
时间状语
地点状语
The work that/which has just been finished is very important.
She is the girl who/that lives next door. This is the house whose window broke last night. Tom was late for work again this morning, which made the boss angry. As is known to all, China is the biggest developing country in the world. I still remember the day when (on which) I first came to this school.
4．当先行词是不定代词，或先行词被不定代词修 饰时。
Have you taken down everything that Mr.Li said? 5．当主句是以which或who开头的疑问句时。 Who is the man that is standing there? 三、只能用关系代词which的几种情况 1．“介词＋关系代词”结构中指物的关系代词只 能用which(指人时用whom)。 This is the school in which I studied 10 years ago.

非限制性定语从句
先行词 + 关系词 + 定语从句
Attributive clause:
限制性定语从句 restrictive
是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语， 如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失 去意义。这种从句和主句关系十分密 切， 写时不用逗号分开。
非限制性定语从句non-restrictive
和主句关系不很密切，只是对先行词作 些附加说明， 如果去掉，主句的意思 仍然清楚。这种从句， 写时往往逗号 分开。
The man who came here yesterday has come again.
注意：引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词不可用that，指人时用who(主 语),whom(宾语)，指物时须用which.
(二).如何使用引导词: 1.关系代词
主语
指代人 指代物 who
(that)
宾语
whom
(1) that指物时一般可以与which互换，但在下列 情况引导词只用that，不用which。
①当先行词为all, much, little, few, none, something, anything, everything, nothing等不定代词时，如：
a. All that can be done has been done.
总结: 下列两种情况下不能用 that 引导 定语从句: 1>.引导非限制性定语从句; 2>. 关系代词前有介词前置时;
再如: This is the classroom (that / which) we study in. ______________ This is the classroom which in ____________ we study. ▲

1.从句位置及语序: 2.翻译方法: 3.构成
先行词 之后,用陈述式语序
“….的” 关系词
关系代词 关系副词
先行词和关系词的关系
1.A plane is a machine that can fly.
the machine = that
2.The boy who broke the window is called Tom.
及物动词
5.This is the reason __w_h_y_/_f_o_r_w__h_ic_h________ he was late.
6.This is the reason ___th__a_t/_w_h_i_c_h__________ he及g物av动e词.
如何判断从句动词是否及物？
▪ 让先行词作宾语，如果正确，就是及物的， 否则就是不及物的。
for the reasons =why
I don’t like the way that you speak.
in the way =that
关系副词实际上是介词＋先行词
几种易混的情况
1.I’ll never forget the days_w__h_e_n_/_i_n_w__h_ic_h_ we worked together.
whose =the student’s 关系词whose实际上是先行词的所有格
难用的 whose
▪ 在定语从句中，只有whose做定语。
▪ 使用whose时要注意：
▪ Whose+名词，名词前不能用冠词，但可以用
形容词。
The +N+of whom/which
▪ Whose+N
Of whom/which + the +N

关系词在定语从句中充当成分
Who/whom指人，在从句中作主语或宾语Which指物(含时间，地点)，在从句中作主语或宾语That 指人或物(含时间，地点)，在从句中作主语或宾语Whose指某人的或某物的，在从句中作定语When指在某个时间，在从句中作时间状语Where指在某地，在从句中作地点状语Why指原因，在从句中原因状语
B. asE. B & C
** Which和as的区别
1. The sun heats the earth, C is very important to us.
2. He failed in the exam, B
The same as和the same that
A. thatD. it
辨别句型:
谢谢
•• 1.学习可以彻底的改变自己，即使失去原来改变的条件，人也不会退回到原来的样子，因为经过“輮”。人已经脱离一个旧我，变成一个新我.•• 2.这一段介绍了怎样学习，也就是学习的要素。荀子认为积累是学习的第一要素，也是学习的根本。学习可以达到奇妙的效果，可以“兴风雨”“生蛟龙”。“神明自得，圣心备焉”从人的角度，来说学习的效果。接着运用正反对比的手法来说明积累的效果，体现了荀子文章说理的生动性。•• 3.家庭在西洋是一种界限分明的团体。在英美，家庭包括他和他的妻以及未成年的孩子。而在我们中国“家里的”可以指自己的太太一个人，“家门”可以指叔伯侄子一大批，“自家人”可以包罗任何要拉入自己的圈子，表示亲热的人物。•• 4.这表示了我们的社会结构本身和西洋的不 同，我们的格局不是一捆一捆扎清楚的柴，而是好像把一块石头丢在水面上所发生的一圈圈推出去的波纹，愈推愈远，愈推愈薄。每个人都是他社会影响所推出去的圈子的中心。被圈子的波纹所推及的就发生联系。•• 5.在乡土社会里，地缘关系也是如此。每一家以自己的地位做中心，周围划出一个圈子，个圈子是“街坊”。可是 这不是一个固定的团体，而是一个范围。范围的大小也要依着中心的势力厚薄而定。•• 6.在这种富于伸缩性的网络里，随时随地是有一个“己” 作中心的。这并不是个人主义，而是自我主义。在个人主义下，一方面是平等观念，指在同一团体中各分子的地位相等，个人不能侵犯大家的权利；一方面是宪法观念，指团体不能抹煞个人，只能在个人们所愿意交出的一分权利上控制个人。•• 7.“画竹”是本文的线索，本文记述文与可画竹的情形，以充满感情的笔触回忆两人的交往，以及文与可死 后自己的悲慨，又从文与可的创作经验中总结出艺术创作的规律，熔叙事、抒情、议论于一炉。•• 8.总之，说明文中使用生动活泼的语言，不仅能增强文章内容表达上的形象性、可感性和文学色彩， 使读者获得不同程度的美感体验，受到美的陶冶，还有助于加深读者对说明内容的理解，增知益智。

15. The speaker spoke of some writers and some books _____ were popular then. A. / B. that C. which D. who
16. This is the store ______ we visited the famous shop assistants. A. where B. there C. that D. which
10. The boy ______ composition won the first prize is the youngest in the group. A. who B. whose C. that D. which
11. I don't like the way_____ you speak to her. A. / B. that C. in which D. All A, B, and C
13. Is this book _____ you want to borrow from the library? A. that B. which C. the one D. /
14. Such a book ______ you showed me is difficult to understand. A. that B. which C. as D. like
The problem is how we can protect the wild animals.
1. Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, of course, _____ made the others unhappy. A. which B. who C. this D. what

工薪在几千美元以上的人必须将工资中的一定百分比交 付给联邦政府。 Who is the girl to that you talked just now? （错误）
关系代词的省略
• 定语从句中作宾语的关系代词可以省略 ; 如果关 系代词在定语从句中作宾语可以省略。例如： This is the book ( which ) you were looking for yesterday. 这就是你昨天找的那本书。 I don't like the novel ( that ) you are reading. 我不喜欢你看的这本小说。 Who is the man ( whom ) you're talking about? 你们谈论的那个人是谁？
• 2 ）“先行词”的意义决定“关系词”的选择“关 系词”的选择往往是由“先行词”自身表达的意义 ，以及它在从句中的语法功能而决定的。例如：
• Some people who are successful language learners often fail in other fields.
有些在语言学习上很有成就的人 , 在其他领域常 常一无所成。
二：先行词已有序数词或形容词的最高级或 the last, the only 等作定语时，例如： This is the most impressive TV theater that has never been put on show before. 这是以前从未上演过的最有感染力的电视剧。
That is the only way that leads to your success . 那是通向你成功的唯一之路。
的先行词，在从句中作主语或宾语。 • 如： • I have no idea about the man who wrote the