【考研英语】2019年考研英语一冲刺完形新题型

2019考研《英语一》新题型密押：排序题及答案Passage 1Directions： For question 1—5, choose the most suitable paragraphs from the list A—G and fill them into the numbered boxes to form a coherent text. Paragraphs A and D have been correctly placed.[A] Subscription has proved by far the best way ofpaying for high瞦uality television. Advertising veers up and down with the economic cycle, and can be skipped by using digital video recorders. And any outfit that depends on advertising is liable to worry more about offendingadvertisers than about pleasing viewers. Voluntarysubscription is also preferable to the compulsory, universal variety that pays for the BBC and other European public broadcasters. A broadcaster supported by a tax on everyone must try to please everyone. And a government can starvepublic broadcasters of money, too—as the BBC is painfully learning.[B] What began as an interesting experiment has becomethe standard way of supporting high瞦uality programming.Most of the great television dramas that are watched in America and around the world appear first on pay睺V channels. Having shown others how to make gangster dramas with “The Sopranos”, HBO is laying down the standard for fantasy with “Game of Thrones”. Other pay睺V channels have delved into 1960s advertising (“Mad Men”), drug dealing (“Breaking Bad”) and Renaissance court society (“The Borgias”). Pay睺V firms outside America, like Britain餾 BSkyB, are beginningto pour money into original series. Talent is drifting to pay瞭elevision, in part because there are fewer appealing rolesin film. Meanwhile, broadcast networks have retreated into a safe zone of sitcoms, police procedurals and singing competitions.[C] But pay television is now under threat, especiallyin America. Prices have been driven so high at a time of economic malaise that many people simply cannot afford it. Disruptive, deep瞤ocketed firms like Amazon and Netflix lurk, whispering promises of internet瞕elivered films andtelevision shows for little or no money. Whether the lure of such alternatives or poverty is what is causing people to cancel their subscriptions is not clear. But the proportionof Americans who pay for TV is falling. Other countries may follow.[D] Pay TV executives argue that people will always find ways of paying for their wares, perhaps by cutting back on cinema tickets or bottled water. That notion seemsincreasingly hopeful. Every month it appears more likely that the pay TV system will break down. The era of ever瞘rowing channel choice is coming to an end; cable and satellite distributors will begin to prune the least popular ones. They may push “best of basic” packages, offering the most desirable channels—and perhaps leaving out sport. In themost disruptive scenario, no longer unimaginable, pay睺V would become a free for all, with channels hawking themselves directly to consumers, perhaps sending their content over the internet. How can media firms survive in such a world?[E] Fifteen years ago nearly all the television shows that excited critics and won awards appeared on free broadcast channels. Pay瞭elevision (or, as many Americans call it, “cable”) was the domain of repeats, music videos and televangelists. Then HBO, a subscription outfit mostly known for boxing and films, decided to try its hand at hour long dramas.[F] But television as a whole should emerge stronger. If people buy individual channels rather than a huge bundle, they will have to think about what they really value—the more so because each channel will cost more than it does at present. Media firms will improve their game in response. The activity that diverts the average American for some four and a half hours each day should become more gripping, not less.[G] It won餿 be easy. They will have to start marketing heavily： at present the pay睺V distributors do that for them. They must produce much more of their own programming. Repeats and old films lose their appeal in a world in which consumers can instantly call up vast archives. If they are to sell directly to the audience they will have to become technology firms, building apps and much slicker websites than they have now, which anticipate what customers might want to watch.1→2→A→3→D→4→5Passage 2Directions： For question 1—5, choose the most suitable paragraphs from the list A—G and fill them into the numberedboxes to form a coherent text. Paragraphs D and E have been correctly placed.[A] For publishers, though, it is a dangerous time. Book publishing resembles the newspaper business in the late 1990s, or music in the early 2000s. Although revenues are fairly stable, and the traditional route is still the only way to launch a blockbuster, the climate is changing. Some of the publishers functions—packaging books and promoting them to shops—are becoming obsolete. Algorithms and online recommendations threaten to replace them as arbiters of quality. The tide of self瞤ublished books threatens to swamp their products. As bookshops close, they lose a crucial showcase. And they face, as the record companies did, a near瞞onopoly controlling digital distribution：Amazon’s grip over the ebook market is much like Apple’s control of music downloads.[B] They also need to become more efficient. Digital books can be distributed globally, but publishers persist in dividing the world into territories with separate editorial staffs. In the digital age it is daft to take months or even years to get a book to market. And if they are to distinguish their wares from self瞤ublished dross, they must get betterat choosing books, honing ideas and polishing copy. If publishers are to hold readers’ attention they must tell a better story—and edit out all the spelling mistakes as well.[C] For readers, this is splendid. Just as Amazon collapsed distance by bringing a huge range of books to out瞣f瞭he瞱ay places, it is now collapsing time, by enabling readers to download books instantly. Moreover, anybody cannow publish a book, through Amazon and a number of other services.[D] During the next few weeks publishers will release a crush of books, pile them onto delivery lorries and fight to get them on the display tables at the front of bookshops in the run瞮p to Christmas. It is an impressive display of competitive commercial activity. It is also increasingly pointless.[E] Yet there are still two important jobs for publishers. They act as the venture capitalists of the words business, advancing money to authors of worthwhile books that might not be written otherwise. And they are editors, picking good books and improving them. So it would be good, not just for their shareholders but also for intellectual life, if they survived.[F] More quickly than almost anyone predicted, e瞓ooks are emerging as a serious alternative to the paper kind. Amazon, comfortably the biggest e瞓ook retailer, has lowered the price of its Kindle e瞨eaders to the point where people do not fear to take them to the beach. In America, the most advanced market, about one fifth of the largest publishers sales are of e books. Newly released blockbusters may sell as many digital copies as paper ones. The proportion is growing quickly, not least because many bookshops are closing.[G] They are doing some things right. Having watched the record companies impotence after Apple wrested control of music pricing from them, the publishers have managed toretain their ability to set prices. But they are missing some tricks. The music and film industries have started to bundleelectronic with physical versions of their products—by, for instance, providing those who buy a DVD of a movie with a code to download it from the internet. Publishers, similarly, should bundle e books with paper books.D→1→2→3→E→4→5Passage 3Directions： For question 1—5, choose the most suitable paragraphs from the list A—G and fill them into the numbered boxes to form a coherent text. Paragraphs C and F have been correctly placed.[A] Fifteen years ago Vincent Bolloré, a French industrialist, decided to get into the business ofelectricity storage. He started a project to produce rechargeable batteries in two small rooms of his family mansion in Brittany. “I asked him, ‘what are you doing? and I told him to stop, that it wouldn t go anywhere,” says Alain Minc, a business consultant in Paris who has advised Mr Bolloré for many years. Fortunately, he says, Mr Bolloré continued.[B] The real aim for Mr Bolloré, however, is to showcase his battery technology. His group has developed a type of rechargeable cell, called a lithium瞞etal polymer (LMP) battery. This is different from the lithium瞚on batteries used by most of the car industry. Mr Bolloré believes fervently that his batteries are superior, mainly because they are safer. Lithium瞚on batteries can explode if they overheat—which in the past happened in some laptops.Carmakers incorporate safety features to prevent the batterys cells from overheating.[C] The city of Paris will cover most of the cost of the stations, but Mr Bolloré will pay an estimated 105m to supply his design of “Bluecar” vehicles and their batteries. He will bear a further 80m a year in running costs. The city餾estimates for how popular the new service will be are highly optimistic, said a recent study by the government. Autolib could make 33ma year for Mr Bolloré, according to the study, but it could easily just breakeven or lose as much as60mannually. Autolib will also be the first time the group has operated in a big consumer瞗acing business where it will be held directly responsible for problems such as vandalism or breakdowns.[D] Going up against the rest of the car industry may seem quixotic. Before he won Autolib, Mr Bolloré says, people may well have thought he and his team were mad to ventureinto such a new area. But they underestimated his group餾knowledge of electricity storage, he maintains. And if the growing number of electric cars on the road does lead to safety concerns over batteries, then Mr Bolloré餾 LMP technology could move from the margin to the mainstream—provided, of course, they pass their test on the streets of Paris.[E] “Being a family c ompany means we can invest for the long term,” says Mr Bolloré, who has spent 1.5 billion on battery development since 1996. Most of his group餾 money comes from transport and logistics, with a strong position in Africa, and from petrol distribution in Fran ce. Mr Bolloréhas also made billions from financial investments such as in Rue Imperiale, a holding company. Autolib will be keenly watched throughout the car industry. It is the first large瞫cale city car瞫haring service to use only electric vehicles from the outset; a scheme in Ulm in Germany, by contrast, started with diesel vehicles. Running Autolib could mean shouldering substantial losses for the Bolloré Group. Mr Bolloré was not expected to win the contract, but did so mainly because he offered low rental charges for drivers.[F] Mr Bolloré餾 LMP batteries are said to be more stable when being charged and discharged, which is when batteries come under most strain. Just two European carmakers have seen the batteries, which are made only by the Bolloré Group. One car瞚ndustry executive says that though the LMP technology is attractive from a safety point of view, the batteries have to be heated up to function—which takes power and makes them less convenient to use.[G] Mr Bolloré餾 technology is about to hit the road. In 2010 his group won a contract to run Autolib, a car瞫haring scheme designed by Bertrand Delan塭, the mayor of Paris, which will put 3,000 electric vehicles on the city s streets along with 1,120 stations for parking and recharging. Construction of the stations started in the summer, and Mr Bolloré will begin testing the service on October 1st before opening it to the public in December. Rechargeable batteries are now an important technology for the global car industry as it starts to make ever more electric and hybrid vehicles. Renault, a French manufacturer, is alone investing 4 billion ($5.6 billion) in a range of electric models which it will start selling this autumn. Many producers will unveil newelectric vehicles next week when the Frankfurt Motor Show opens.1→2→3→C→4→F→5Passage 4Directions： For question 1—5, choose the most suitable paragraphs from the list A—G and fill them into the numbered boxes to form a coherent text. Paragraphs A and D have been correctly placed.[A] The contest has been held in anticipation of a new era of pylon building. By 2020, a quarter of the country餾current generating capacity will need replacing; the government hopes the new supply will come from renewable sources such as onshore and offshore wind farms. Today餾offshore capacity is just 7% of ministers targets for the end of the decade—and all of the new generation out to sea will need to land transmission cables ashore. The existing electricity grid is in the wrong place for many of these new sources of power. That creates a paradox： trying to save the world by cutting carbon emissions means scarring particular bits of it by dragging new power lines through scenic countryside.[B] This is an old problem. The launch of Britain餾national electricity grid in 1933 was decried for desecrating the landscape. More recently, the location of wind farms has prompted similar debates. The difficulty with pylons is that they go everywhere. Scotland has had nearly five years of disputes over the planned 600瞤ylon upgrade of a transmission line running from Beauly in the Highlands to thecentral belt where more electricity is used. The same clashes will now play out in England and Wales. A new planning commission was set up in 2009 to speed up the glacial pace of infrastructure decision瞞aking. But weighing economic demands against beauty remains a thorny and potentially time-consuming job.[C] Opponents of towering pylons say the answer is to bury power lines： at present only 950km of Britain餾13,000km of high瞯oltage cable runs underground, most of it in urban areas. But sinking wires, which means clearing a corridor 17m to 40m wide and cannot be done in all terrains, carries an environmental toll too. “You are effectively sterilising land use in the area,” says Richard Smith of National Grid; no planting, digging or building is allowed. That makes installing subsurface cables 12 to 17 times as pricey as overhead lines, according to National Grid (they also need replacing sooner). Since consumers pay for this through their electricity bills, everyone would have to fork out to protect the views and house prices of a few people.[D] So finding a new shape for pylons may be only one aspect of the coming power rows. But it will be a tricky one. Typically the best designs combine elegance with utility. Yet rather than being a feature in itself, the optimal pylon blends in with nature. That餾 a tough task for 20 tons of steel, however impressively shaped.[E] The skeletal, lattice design of Britain餾electricity pylons has changed little since the first one was raised in 1928. Many countries have copied these “striding steel sentries”, as the poet Stephen Spender called them;more than 88,000 now march across the country餾intermittently green and pleasant land.[F] Now six new models are vying to replace these familiar steel towers. The finalists in a government瞫ponsored competition to design a new pylon include a single shard spiking into the sky and an arced, open bow. After a winner is picked in October, National Grid, which runs the electricity瞭ransmission network, will decide whether to construct it.[G] But the price of despoiling pretty scenery is hard to calculate. The risk is that the cost of damaging the landscape is ignored because it is not ascribed a monetary value, says Steve Albon, co瞐uthor of a government瞔ommissioned report on how much the natural environment contributes to Britain餾 economy. As yet, though, no one has found an easy or accepted measure of this worth to help make decisions.1→2→A→3→4→5→DPassage 5Directions： For question 1—5, choose the most suitable paragraphs from the list A—G and fill them into the numbered boxes to form a coherent text. Paragraphs C and E have been correctly placed.[A] Nor can it buy companies as freely as postal services in Europe, Canada or Asia have been doing for the past decade. Many European countries, as well as New Zealand and Japan, have already privatised or liberalised their postal services. Combined, foreign posts now get most oftheir revenue from new businesses such as retailing orbanking for consumers, or warehousing and logistics for companies.[B] THE US Postal Service has an unofficial creed that harks back to Herodotus, who was admiring the Persian Empire餾 stalwart messengers. Its own history is impressive too, dating to a royal license by William and Mary in 1692, and including Benjamin Franklin as a notable postmaster, both for the crownand then for the newly independent country. Ever since, the post has existed “to bind the Nation together”.[C] Quasi瞚ndependent since 1970, the post gets nopublic money. And yet it is obliged (as FedEx and UPS are not) to visit every mailbox, no matter how remote, six days a week. This has driven the average cost of each piece of mail upfrom 34 cents in 2006 to 41 cents. Yet the post is notallowed to raise prices (of stamps and such) willy瞡illy; a 2006 law set formulas for that. So in effect, the post cannot control either its costs or its revenues.[D] So America餾 post is looking for other solutions. It is planning to close post offices; up to 3,653, out of about 32,000. This month it announced plans to lay off another120,000 workers by 2015, having already bidden adieu to some 110,000 over the past four years (for a total of about560,000 now). It also wants to fiddle with its workers pensions and health care.[E] Ultimately, says Mr Donahoe, the post will have to stop delivering mail on Saturdays. Then perhaps on other days too. The post has survived new technologies before, he points out. “In 1910, we owned the most horses, by 1920 we ownedthe most vehicles.” But the internet just might send it the way of the pony express.[F] But as ever more Americans go online instead of sending paper, the volume of mail has been plummeting. The decline is steeper than even pessimists expected a decade ago, says Patrick Donahoe, the current postmaster瞘eneral. Worse, because the post must deliver to every address in the country—about 150m, with some 1.4m additions every year—costs are simultaneously going up. As a result, the post has lost $20 billion in the last four years and expects to lose another $8 billion this fiscal year.[G] And although the recession made everything worse,the internet is the main culprit. As Christmas cards havegone online (and “green”), so have bills. In 2000, 5% of Americans paid utilities online. Last year 55% did, and eventually everybody will, says Mr Donahoe. Photos now go on Facebook, magazines come on iPads. Already, at least for Americans under a certain age, the post delivers only badnews or nuisances, from jury summonses to junk mail. Pleasant deliveries probably arrive by a parcel service such as UPS or FedEx.1→2→3→C→4→5→EPassage 6Directions： For question 1—5, choose the most suitable paragraphs from the list A—G and fill them into the numbered boxes to form a coherent text. Paragraphs A and B have been correctly placed.[A] Among national newspapers, paywalls are still rare, though the New York Times and the Times of London both have them. Most wall瞓uilding is being done by small local outfits. “Local newspapers are more vital to their communities, a nd they have less competition,” explains Ken Doctor, the author of “Newsonomics”[B] The paywall瞓uilders tend to report a drop in online traffic. But not usually a steep drop, and not always an enduring one. Oklahoma餾 Tulsa World, which started demanding subscriptions from heavy online readers in April, reports that traffic in August of this year was higher than a year earlier. One possible explanation, odd as it may sound, is that readers are still discovering its website. “We have paper subscribers who want nothing to do with the internet,” explains Robert Lorton, the Tulsa World餾 publisher. Fewer than half of the newspaper餾 print subscribers have so far signed up for unrestricted free access to the website. Other newspapers report similar proportions.[C] That suggests the game is not over. The early瞐dopting young abandoned print newspapers long ago. But many newspapers have a surprisingly large, if dwindling, herd of paying customers. They will milk them as hard as they can.[D] On October 10th the Baltimore Sun will join a fast瞘rowing club. The newspaper will start tracking the number of times people read its stories online; when they reach a limit of 15 a month, they will be asked to pay. Local bloggers may squawk about content wanting to be free. But perhaps not as much as they would have done a few months ago. There is a sense of inevitability about paywalls. In April 2010PaidContent, an online publication, found 26 American local and metropolitan newspapers charging for online access. Several times that number now do so. More than 100 newspapers are using Press+, an online payment system developed in part by a former publisher of the Wall Street Journal. Media News, a newspaper group, put up two paywalls in 2010; it has erected 23 so far this year.[E] Why the rush? One reason is that building paywalls has become easier： Press+ and Google餾 One Pass will collect online subscriptions on behalf of newspapers, skimming alittle off the top. The popularity of Apple餾 iPad is another explanation. Many newspapers have created paid瞗or apps. There is little point doing that if a tablet user can simply read the news for free on a web browser. But the big push comes from advertising—or the lack of it.[F] The most ambitious architects are in Europe. Since May Slovakia has had a virtual national paywall—a single payment system that encompasses nine of the country餾 biggest publications. Slovaks who want to read news online pay 2.90 ($3.90) a month, which is split between the newspapers according to a formula that accounts for where people signed up and how heavily they use each publication餾 website. Piano Media, which built the system, plans to launch another national paywall in Europe early next year.[G] Jim Moroney, publisher of the Dallas Morning News,s ays American newspapers used to abide by an “8020” rule. That is, 80% of their revenues came from advertising and 20% came from subscriptions. Those days are over. Newspaper advertising, print and online combined, has crashed from $9.6billion in the second quarter of 2008 to $6 billion in the second quarter of 2011, according to the NewspaperAssociation of America. Few believe it will ever fully recover. So the race is on to build a subscription business, both in print (cover prices are going up) and online.1→A→2→3→4→B→5Passage 7Directions： For question 1—5, choose the most suitable paragraphs from the list A—G and fill them into the numbered boxes to form a coherent text. Paragraphs A and G have been correctly placed.[A] A GOOD unit of measurement, writes Robert Crease, must satisfy three conditions. It has to be easy to relate to, match the things it is meant to measure in scale (no point using inches to describe geographical distances) and be stable. In his new book, “World in the Balance”, Mr Crease, who teaches philosophy at Stony Brook University on LongIsland and writes a column for the magazine Physics World, describes man餾 quest for that metrological holy grail. Inthe process, he shows that the story of metrology, notobvious material for a page瞭urner, can in the right hands make for a riveting read.[B] In response the metre, from the Greek metron, meaning “measure”, was ushered in, helped along by French revolutionaries, eager to replace the Bourbon toise (just under two metres) with an all瞡ew, universal unit. The metre was to be defined as a fraction of the Paris meridian whose precise measurement was under way. Together with the kilogram,initially the mass of a decaliter of distilled water, it formed the basis of the metric system.[C] Successful French metrological diplomacy meant that in the ensuing decades the metric system supplanted a hotchpotch of regional units in all bar a handful of nations. Even Britain, long wedded to its imperial measures, caved in. (Americans are taking longer to persuade.) In 1875 Nature, a British magazine, hailed the metric system as “one of the greatest triumphs of modern civilisation”. Paradoxically, Mr Crease argues, it thrived in part as a consequence of British imperialism, which all but wiped out innumerable indigenous measurement systems, creating a vacuum that the new framework was able to fill.[D] For all its diplomatic success, though, the metre failed to live up to its original promise. Tying it to the meridian, or any other natural benchmark, proved intractable. As a result, the unit continued to be defined in explicit reference to a unique platinum瞚ridium ingot until 1960. Only then was it recast in less fleeting terms： as amultiple of the wavelength of a particular type of light. Finally, in 1983, it was tied to a fundamental physical constant, the speed of light, becoming the distance light travels in 1/299,792,458 of a second. (The second had by then itself got a metrological makeover： no longer a 60th of a60th of a 24th of the period of the Earth餾 rotation, it is currently the duration of 9,192,631,770 periods of a phenomenon called microwave transition in an atom ofcaesium133.)[E] The earliest known units met the first two of Mr Crease餾 requirements well. Most were drawn from things to hand： the human body (the foot or the mile, which derives from the Latin milia passuum, or 1,000 paces) and tools (barrels, cups). Others were more abstract. The journal (from jour, French for “day”), used in medieval France, was equivalent to the area a man could plough in a day with a single ox, as was the acre in Britain or the morgen in north Germany and Holland.[F] But no two feet, barrels or workdays are quite the same. What was needed was “a foot, not yours or mine”.Calls for a firm standard that was not subject tofluctuations or the whim of feudal lords, grew louder in the late 17th century. They were a consequence of the beginnings of international trade and modern science. Both required greater precision to advance.[G] Now the kilogram, the last artefact瞓ased unit, awaits its turn. Adding urgency is the fact the “real” kilogram, stored in a safe in the International Bureau of Weights and Measures in Sèvres, near Paris, seems to be shedding weight relative to its official copies. Metrologists are busy trying to recast it in terms of Planck餾 constant, a formula which is deemed cosmicly inviolate, as is the speedof light (pending further findings from CERN, anyway). In his jolly book, Mr Crease is cheering them on.A→1→2→3→4→5→GPassage 8Directions： For question 1—5, choose the most suitable paragraphs from the list A—G and fill them into the numbered boxes to form a coherent text. Paragraphs B and G have been correctly placed.[A] There are doubters, of course. The cost ofelectricity may rise, and some polluters may flee the state, taking jobs away. But California already has one in four of America餾 solar瞖nergy jobs and will add many more. Sun, wind, geothermal, nuclear：“We need it all,” says Terry Tamminen, who advised Mr Schwarzenegger. The state is setting up an “interesting experiment”, he thinks. “California goes one way, the United States another.”[B] To Europeans, Asians and Australians, this may seem nothing much. After all, the European Union already has a similar emissions瞭rading market, and a carbon tax is now wending its way through the Australian legislature. India have adopted versions of carbon taxes or emissions trading. But California is in America, which has taken a sharp turn in the opposite direction. Congress debated a cap瞐nd瞭rade system in 2009, but then allowed it to die. Republicans attacked it as “cap瞐nd瞭ax”, and increasingly deny that climate change is a problem at all. Some even point to the bankruptcy of Solyndra, a Californian maker of solar panels which had received lots of federal money, as proof that renewable energy is a wasteful pinko pipe瞕ream.[C] But California is staying its course. Besides cap瞐nd瞭rade, its climate瞔hange law calls for lower exhaust瞤ipe emissions from vehicles and cleaner appliances, and requires the state餾 utilities to use renewable energy for。

19年英语一完型2019 English Test Paper 1: Cloze(1) Sleep is important for our physical and mental well-being. It is during sleep that our bodies repair and rejuvenate themselves. Lack of sleep not only makes us feel tired and sluggish, but also has negative impacts on our cognition, mood, and immune system.(2) Studies have shown that adults need between 7 to 9 hours of sleep each night to function at their best. However, with busy work schedules and various distractions, many people find it difficult to get sufficient sleep. As a result, they may experience difficulty in concentrating, making decisions, and regulating their emotions.(3) Insomnia is a common sleep disorder that affects people of all ages. It is characterized by difficulty falling asleep, staying asleep, or both. Insomnia can be caused by various factors, including stress, anxiety, medication, or certain medical conditions. If left untreated, chronic insomnia can have serious health consequences.(4) There are several strategies that can help promote better sleep. Firstly, it is important to establish a consistent sleep schedule by going to bed and waking up at the same time every day. This helps regulate our internal body clock and improves sleep quality. Secondly, creating a relaxing sleep environment is crucial. This includes keeping the bedroom dark, quiet, and cool, and using comfortable bedding. It is also beneficial to have a pre-sleep routine to signal to our bodies that it is time to relax and prepare for sleep.(5) Additionally, avoiding stimulants such as caffeine and nicotine close to bedtime can help promote better sleep. These substances can interfere with our ability to fall asleep and stay asleep. Alcohol should also be consumed in moderation, as it may disrupt normal sleep patterns.(6) Lastly, engaging in regular physical activity during the day can contribute to better sleep quality. Exercise promotes the release of endorphins, which are natural mood boosters and can aid in relaxation. However, it is important to avoid vigorous exercise close to bedtime, as it may increase alertness and make it more difficult to wind down.(7) In conclusion, getting enough sleep is essential for our overall well-being. By implementing healthy sleep habits and making lifestyle changes, we can improve the quality of our sleep and enhance our cognitive function, mood, and immune system.。

2019考研英语模拟题(1)SectionⅠUse of EnglishDirections：Read the foll owing text. Choose the best word（s）from each numbered blank and mark A，B，C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.（10 points）一、美陪审团制度As former col onists of Great Britain，the Founding Fathers of the United States ad opted much of the legal system of Great Britain. We have a“common law”，or law mad e by courts__1__a monarch or other central governmental__2__like a legislature. The jury，a__3__of ordinary citizens chosen to decid e a case，is an__4__ part of our common-law system. Use of juries to decide cases is a__5__feature of the American legal system. Few other countries in the world use juries as we do in the United States.__6__the centuries，many people have believed that juries in most cases reach a fairer and more just result__7__would be obtained using a judge__8__，as many countries d o.__9__a jury decides casesafter“__10__”，or discussions among a group of people，the jury‘s d ecision is likely to have the__11__ from many different people from different backgrounds，who must as a group decide what is right.Juries are used in both civil cases，which decid e__12__ among__13__ citizens，and criminal cases，which d ecide cases brought by the government __14__ that individuals have committed crimes. Juries are sel ected from the U.S. citizens and__15__. Jurors，consisting of __16__ numbers，are call ed for each case requiring a jury.The judge__17__to the case__18__the selection of jurors to serve as the jury for that case. In some states，__19__jurors are questioned by the judge；in others，they are questioned by the lawyers representing the__20__under rul es dictated by state law.1. [A] other than [B] rather than [C] more than [D] or rather2. [A] agency [B] organization [C] institution [D] authority3. [A] panel [B] crew [C] band [D] flock4. [A] innate [B] intact [C] integral [D] integrated5. [A]discriminating[B] distinguishing [C] determining [D] diminishing6. [A] in [B] by [C] after [D] over7. [A] that [B] which [C] than [D] as8. [A] alike [B] alone [C] altogether [D] apart9. [A] Although [B] Because [C] If [D] While10.[A] deliberations [B] meditations [C] reflections [D] speculations11.[A] outline [B] outcome [C] input [D] intake12.[A] arguments [B] controversies [C] disputes [D] hostilities13.[A] fell ow [B] individual [C] personal [D] private14.[A] asserting [B] alleging [C] maintaining [D] testifying15.[A] assembl ed [B] evoked [C] rallied [D] summoned16.[A] set [B] exact [C] given [D] placed17.[A] all ocated [B] all otted [C] appointed [D] assigned18.[A] administers [B] manages [C] oversees [D] presides19.[A] inspective [B] irrespective [C] perspective [D] prospective20.[A] bodies [B] parties [C] sides [D] units答案1. B2. D3. A4. C5. B6. D7.C8.B9. B 10. A11. C 12. C 13.D 14.B 15. D 16. A 17. D 18. C 19. D 20. B精选总体分析本文介绍了美国的陪审团制度。

2019年考研英语一完型填空——跨考教育英语教研室汪婵娟跨考教育英语教研室汪婵娟老师之前再课上反复强调的4点在题目中都可以用到:1.常作为正确选项出现的词汇：however、although、yet、because、but、by、capacity、however、of、moreover、offer、only if、that、which、against、any、apparent、as if、available、frequently、message、nevertheless、nor、publication、such as、something、upon等;常作为错误选项出现的词汇：about、since、at、if only、if、now that、until 、lest、restrict、provided、similar、since、stimulate、unless、what、in case等2.同现和复现是词汇的衔接手段。

完形填空所给出的文章往往有明确的主线，作者会使用一些关键词围绕主线贯穿全文。

这些关键词可能会原封不动地重复出现，也可能会以其他形式出现(例如同义词、近义词、上义词等)。

我们可以根据文章的关键词和文章的导向来解答一下题目，例如，如果判断出一个空格是上下文关键词的复现，那么我们只要从选项中选出与关键词意义相同的表达即可。

3.有时会遇到这样的情况，大部分词都填出来了，只有一、两个难词绞尽脑汁仍不得要领，如果考试时间允许，不要轻易放弃，要穷追不舍，先从语法角度考虑，再从逻辑角度考虑是否有隐含意思、作者的情感以及背景文化和习俗等。

有时句子好像什么也不缺，读上去很完整，就必须考虑，很可能缺的就是连词and，副词then、always、sometimes等，如果还未填出，应反复默念几遍，有些词就会悄然而至，在你的记忆中浮现出来。

4、如果同学在考场上最后做完型时实在没有时间了，可以快速浏览文章，把自己能快速判断答案的题目做出来，然后剩下的其他题目蒙同一个选项(要蒙已经做出的确定对的答案中没有或很少的选项)。

2019考研英语一新题型真题及答案解析（文字版）2019年考研英语一已经结束，小编为大家提供2019考研英语一新题型真题及答案解析(文字版)，一起来看看有关医学杂志的内容吧！2019考研英语一新题型真题及答案解析(文字版)It wasn’t until after my retirement that I had the time to read scientific papers in medical journals with anything like close attention. Until then, I had, like most doctors, read the authors’ conclusions and assumed that they bore some necessary relation to what had gone before. I had also naively assumed that the editors had done their job and checked the intellectual coherence and probity of the contents of their journals.It was only after I started to write a weekly column about the medical journals, and began to read scientific papers from beginning to end, that I realized just how bad —inaccurate, misleading, sloppy, illogical —much of the medical literature, even in the best journals, frequently was. My discovery pleased and reassured me in a way: for it showed me that, even in advancing age, I was still capable of being surprised.I came to recognize various signs of a bad paper: the kind of paper that purports to show that people who eat more than one kilo of broccoli a week were 1.17 times more likely than those who eat less to suffer late in life from pernicious anaemia. 46) There is a great deal of this kind of nonsense in the medical journals which, when taken up by broadcasters and the lay press, generates both health scares and short-lived dietary enthusiasms.Why is so much bad science published?A rece nt paper, titled ‘The Natural Selection of Bad Science’, published on the Royal Society’s open science website, attempts to answer this intriguing and importantquestion.According to the authors, the problem is not merely that people do bad science, as they have always done, but that our current system of career advancement positively encourages it. They quote ananonymous researcher who said pithily: ‘Poor methods get results.’ What is important is not truth, let alone importance, but publication, which has become almost an end in itself. There has been a kind of inflationary process at work: 47) nowadays anyone applying for a research post has to have published twice the number of papers that would have been required for the same post only 10 years ago. Never mind the quality, then, count the number. It is at least an objective measure.In addition to the pressure to publish, there is a preference in journals for positive rather than negative results. To prove that factor a has no effect whatever on outcome b may be important in the sense that it refutes a hypothesis, but it is not half so captivating as that factor a has some marginally positive statistical association with outcome b. It may be an elementary principle of statistics that association is not causation, but in practice everyone forgets it.The easiest way to generate positive associations is to do bad science, for example by trawling through a whole lot of data without a prior hypothesis. For example, if you took 100 dietary factors and tried to associate them with flat feet, you would find some of them that were associated with that condition, associations so strong that at first sight they would appear not to have arisen by chance.Once it has been shown that the consumption of, shall we say, red cabbage is associated with flat feet, one of two things can happen: someone will try to reproduce the result, or no onewill, in which case it will enter scientific mythology. The penalties for having published results which are not reproducible, and prove before long to be misleading, usually do not cancel out the prestige of having published them in the first place: and therefore it is better, from the career point of view, to publish junk than to publish nothing at all. A long list of publications, all of them valueless, is always impressive.48)Attempts have been made to (control this inflation命题人改编为curb this kind tendency),(for example by trying, when it comes to career advancement这部分被出题人删除), to incorporate some measure of quality as well as quantity into the assessment of an applicant’s published papers. This is the famed citation index, that is to say the number of times a paper has been quoted elsewhere in the scientific literature, the assumption being that an important paper will be cited more often than one of small account. 49) This would be reasonable enough if it were not for the fact that scientists can easily arrange to cite themselves in their future publications, or get associates to do so for them in return for similar favors.Boiling dow n an individual’s output to simple, objective metrics, such as number of publications or journal impacts, entails considerable savings in time, energy and ambiguity. Unfortunately, the long-term costs of using simple quantitative metrics to assess researcher merit are likely to be quite great.50) If we are serious about ensuring that our science is both meaningful and reproducible, we must ensure that our institutions incentivize that kind of science.In other words, what we need is more emphasis on personal contact and even nepotism in the way careers are advanced: but tell it not in Gath, publish it not in the streets of Askelon; lest thedaughters of the Philistines rejoice…46. There is a great deal of this kind of nonsense in the medical journals which, when taken up by broadcasters and the lay press, generates both health scares and short-lived dietary enthusiasms.【解析】1. 本句主干为There is a great deal of this kind of nonsense in the medical journals(在医学杂志上有很多这样的无稽之谈)2. which引导定语从句，修饰this kind of nonsense，which指代this kind of nonsense，在定语从句中做主语(1) 则定语从句为“这些无稽之谈引起健康恐慌和短暂的饮食狂热”(2) when引导状语从句，可以理解为条件，从句省略this kind of nonsense is，则为“如果广播公司和非专业媒体报道这些无稽之谈”【参考译文】在医学杂志上有很多这样的无稽之谈，如果广播公司和非专业媒体报道这些无稽之谈，那么就会引起健康恐慌和短暂的饮食狂热。

2019年考研英语一完形精讲知乎Title: Comprehensive Analysis of 2019 National Postgraduate Entrance Exam English One Reading Comprehension on ZhihuIntroduction:The National Postgraduate Entrance Exam is a crucial examination for Chinese students wishing to pursue higher education. In 2019, the English One section of the exam featured a reading comprehension passage related to the popular social platform Zhihu. This passage generated significant interest and discussion among test-takers.Main Body:1. Overview of the Passage:The passage discusses the rise of Zhihu, aquestion-and-answer website in China often compared to Quora. It explores how Zhihu has become a valuable source of knowledge and information for Chinese users. The passage also examines the impact of Zhihu on traditional media and knowledge-sharing platforms in China.2. Key Points:- Zhihu's unique model of user-generated content and high-quality answers.- The role of expert knowledge and professional content on Zhihu.- The challenges faced by traditional media and search engines in competing with Zhihu.- The influence of Zhihu on Chinese internet culture and information consumption habits.3. Analysis and Interpretation:The passage reflects the growing importance ofuser-generated content and expert knowledge-sharing platforms in China's digital landscape. It highlights the shift towards personalized, curated content and the demand for high-quality information in a time of information overload.4. Relevance to Exam Preparation:Understanding the key themes and arguments presented in the passage is crucial for exam preparation. Test-takers should focus on analyzing the structure and logic of the passage, as well as identifying the main ideas and supporting evidence. Practicing similar reading comprehension passages can help improve critical thinking skills and comprehension abilities.5. Conclusion:The reading comprehension passage on Zhihu in the 2019 National Postgraduate Entrance Exam English One section offers valuable insights into the evolving nature of knowledge-sharing platforms in China. By closely examining the passage and engaging in thoughtful analysis, test-takers can enhance their reading comprehension skills and better prepare for the exam.Overall, the reading comprehension passage on Zhihu in the 2019 National Postgraduate Entrance Exam English One section provides a comprehensive overview of the platform's impact on Chinese internet culture and knowledge-sharing practices. Students can benefit from studying this passage in detail and practicing similar reading comprehension exercises to improve their critical thinking and analytical skills.。

2019年考研英语一完型填空及新题型解析2019年考研英语已经结束，小编为大家提供2019年考研英语一完型填空及新题型解析，一起来看看考研英语一都考了什么吧！2019年考研英语一完型填空及新题型解析【完型填空】给英语“打好底”2019年的完型填空仍旧遵循了18年的出题趋势：文章整体难度较低，词汇较为简单，易于理解，考点主要分布在：动介搭配、逻辑关系以及词汇的语义辨析。

值得一提的是，19年同18年一样，几乎没有红花词的可蒙性。

事实上，完形填空原本一直以来在考研的题目中处于一种比较鸡肋的角色：食之无味，弃之可惜。

然而，自2016年起，完型基本上处于“低走”的趋势——降低了整体难度，让完型的可答性变强，属于只要好好准备就比较容易拿分的题目。

不过从另一方面而言，完型填空的“可答性”同时标记着另一个趋势——蒙红花词的3分钟速答法不再适用了。

想要在完型这一部分拿分，不能再指望蒙，而是需要实实在在地背好基础词汇，而不是像以前一样，单词大致混个眼熟就算完成任务。

如近两年考核的runon(运转)、comedown(患病)都属于常见词的不常见用法，简单来说，完型填空的考察趋势是：“基础词汇的深度用法”。

因此，之后的考生应该着重于给考研英语“打好底”，掌握基础词汇的基本搭配和近义词的辨析。

【新题型】反技巧的趋势对于英语一的新题型而言，一直都是题型三选一进行考察。

然而，由于17年、18年均考察的是排序的题目，使得学生今年的备考重点基本都放在七选五和小标题上。

但是，事实证明：新题型的出题套路确实是不可预测的，连续两年甚至更多年份考察同一个题型是大有可能的。

19年的排序题目考点仍旧由段与段之间的联系、以及文章整体的连贯性这两点构成。

在19年的题目中，仍旧未给出文章的第一段，不过，在确定第一段的过程中，给考生设置了极大的陷阱。

排序中的第一段开头“Inhis1936workHowtoWinFriendsandInfluencePeople,nowoneofthebestsellingbooksofalltime,DaleCarnegiewrote,……”大部分考生会由于在段落开头看到了“his”这个代词，认为该选项不能做第一段，但其实his的同一句中出现了人物全名DaleCarnegie，也就是his指代的并不是上一段中的某个人，而是本句话中的DaleCarnegie。

2019年全国硕士研究生招生考试《英语一》真题及答案Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A, B,C,D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)材料题根据以下材料，回答1-20题Today,we live in a world where GPS systems,digital maps,and other navigation apps are all available on our smart phones.1of us just walk straight into the woods without a phone.But phones2on batteries,and batteries can die faster than were alize.3you get lost without a phone or a compass,and you4can't find north,a few tricks may help you navigate5to civilization,one of which is to follow the land.When you find yourself well6a trail,but not in a completely7 area,you have to answer two questions:Which8is downhill,in this particular area?And where is the nearest water source?Humans overwhelmingly live in valleys,and on supplies of fresh water.9,if you head downhill,and follow any H20you find,you should10see signs of people.If you've explored the area before,keep an eye out for familiar sights-you may be11how quickly identifying a distinctive rock or tree can restore your bearings.Another12:Climb high and look for signs of human habitation.13,even in dense forest,you should be able to14gaps in the tree line due to roads,train tracks,and other paths people carve 15the woods.Head toward these16to find a way out.At night scan the horizon for17light sources,such as fires and streetlights,then walk toward the glow of light pollution.18,assuming you're lost in an area humans tend to frequent, look for the19we leave on the landscape.Trail blazes,tire tracks, and other features can20you to civilization.1.【完形填空】第1题答案是_____.A.SomeB.MostC.FewD.All正确答案：C参考解析：此题考查词义辨析和上下文语境。

2019考研英语一完型填空真题及答案解析2019年考研英语一完型填空难吗？小编为大家提供2019考研英语一完型填空真题及答案解析，赶紧来看看吧！希望你选的答案都对！2019考研英语一完型填空真题及答案解析Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)Today we live in a world where GPS systems, digital maps, and other navigation apps are available on our smart phone___1___ of us just walk straight into the woods without a phone. But phones__2__on batteries, and batteries can die faster than we realize.__3__you get lost without a phone or a compass, and you __4__get lost without a phone or a compass, and you __4__can`t find north, a few tricks to help you navigate__5__to civilization, one of which is to follow the land.When you find yourself well__6__ a trail, but not in a completely __7__area, you have to answer two questions: Which __8__is downhill, in this particular area? And where is the nearest water source? Humans overwhelmingly live in valleys, and on supplies of fresh water.__9__, if you head downhill, and follow any H2O you find, you should __10__see signs of people.If you`ve explored the area before, keep an eye out for familiar sights-you may be __11__how quickly identifying a distinctive rock or tree can restore your bearings.Another__12__:Climb high and look for signs of human habitation.__13__,even in dense forest, you should able to __14__gaps in the tree line due to roads, train tracks, and otherpaths people carve__15__ the woods. Head toward these __16__ to find a way out. At night, scan the horizon for __17__ light sources, such as fires and streetlights, then walk toward the glow of light pollution.__18__,assuming you`re lost in an area humans tend to frequent, look for the __19__we leave on the landscape. Trail blazes, tire tracks, and other features can __20__you to civilization.1. [A]Some [B]Most [C]Few [D]All2. [A]put [B]take [C]run [D]come3. [A]Since [B]If [C]Though [D]Until4. [A]formally [B]relatively [C]gradually [D]literally5. [A]back [B]next [C]around [D]away6. [A]onto [B]off [C]across [D]alone7. [A]unattractive [B]uncrowded [C]unchanged [D]unfamiliar8. [A]site [B]point [C]way [D]place9. [A]So [B]Yet [C]Instead [D]Besides10. [A]immediately [B]intentionally [C]unexpectedly[D]eventually11. [A]surprised [B]annoyed [C]frightened [D]confused12. [A]problem [B]option [C]view [D]result13. [A]Above all [B]In contrast [C]On average [D]For example14. [A]bridge [B]avoid [C]spot [D]separate15. [A]from [B]through [C]beyond [D]under16. [A]posts [B]links [C]shades [D]breaks17. [A]artificial [B]mysterious [C]hidden [D]limited18. [A]Finally [B]Consequently [C]Incidentally [D]Generally19. [A]memories [B]marks [C]notes [D]belongings20. [A]restrict [B]adopt [C]lead [D]expose今年完形填空的难度系数很小，基本无生词，长难句也很少。