Unit 9 Delivery of GoodsThe delivery of the goods means that the seller delivers the contract goods at the agreed time, place and in the agreed manners to the buyer. In international sales of goods, the delivery also means to transfer the necessary documents at the stipulated time to the buyer.（一）Modes of TransportSea Land AirCharterLinerRailway, train Roadway, truck AirlineUps, Fedex, DHL,EMSPostal Parcel TransportCombined Transport OCP Transport: Overland common pointLand Bridge Transport Multi-modal CombinedTransportation1、Charter租船Voyage Charter 1）ModesTime Charter2) Stipulation of Loading &Unloading ChargesF.O. F.I. F.I.O.Liner Terms (Gross Terms)3)Lay-time and Dispatch, Demurrage2. Liner 班轮运输☐The main features of liners usually include:☐a. The liner has a regular line, port, timetable and comparatively fixed freight，which is thebasic features of liners. But the quantity of transport is not fixed. 四定一不定☐b. The ship-owner usually leases part of shipping space instead of the whole ship.☐c. The carrier is responsible for loading and unloading operations, i.e., Gross Terms.☐d. The B/L drawn by the shipping company is the shipping contract between the carrier and the consignor. The rights and obligations of the carrier and the consignor are based on the B/L drawn by the shipping company.Freight of Liner☐Freight is the remuneration payable to the carrier for the carriage of goods. The freight paid for the carriage by a liner differs in the way of calculating from that paid under a charter party. Freight = Fb + ∑S☐In which:☐Fb----Basic freight☐S----SurchargesRailway Transport☐Railway is capable of attaining relatively high speeds with large quantities and is , safe, at low cost, punctual, rather economical and less influence by weather. ☐Railway transport falls into 4 kinds:☐a. Railway transport at home;☐b. Railway transport to H.K. and Macao;☐c. International railway transport between two countries;Air Transport航空运输The advantages of air transport are high speed and quick transit, low risk of damage and pilferage with very competitive insurance, saving in packing cost, reducing amount of capital tied up in transit and so on.While the chief disadvantage is the limited capacity of air freighter and overall dimensions of acceptable cargo together with weight restrictions. Also bad weather may restrict flights, costly airports are required and goods may have to taken a considerable distances by road or rail before and after the flight.However, it is suitable those goods that are of time pressing, small quantity of cargoes but urgent need, light but precious.International Combined Transport☐Definition: International combined transport means the conveyance of cargo includes at least two modes oftransport by which the goods are carried from the place of dispatch to that of destination on the basis of combinedtransport or a multimodal transport contract. Under thismethod, the container is used an intermedium and make up of an international multimodal and join transport mode by sea, air and land.☐It usually includes:☐ a.Train-Air (or Truck-Air, or Ship-Air)☐The export goods are carried to Hong Kong by train or truck or ship and then loaded into airplanes at Hong Kong.☐ b.Train-Ship☐The export goods from Chinese interior provinces may also be transported to Hong Kong by railway for transshipment to foreign ports by vessels.☐ c. Container Transport/Containerized TrafficContainer transport falls into 2 kinds (methods of consignment):☐ a. full container load (FCL);☐ b. less than container load (LCL).☐As for the consignment that reaches the demand of FCL, the vanning FCL is done either by the consignor himself or the carrier at the production side or the warehouse, then it is sent to the container yard(CY) for consilidation by thecarrier.☐As for the consignment that does not reach the demand ofa full container, we call it less than container, the vanningLCL is done by the consignor himself and then send theconsignment to the container freight station(CFS) or inland container depot for consolidation by the carrier, who willpiece together the goods according to the nature,destinationa, weight and so on in the container and then send it to the CY.Land bridge transport☐Land bridge transport is a mode of transport that connects the ocean transport on the two sides of the land by the railway and land which runs across the continent, i.e., ship-train-ship. Land bridge transport uses the container as a medium, so it has all advantages of container transport.☐There are 3 main land bridges in the world:☐a. American land bridge;☐b. Siberian land bridge.☐c.The New European-Asia land bridge.International multimodal Combined transport☐The basic conditions of international multimodal transport are:☐(1) Transport documents, i.e., combined transport documents (MTD) shall cover the whole journey;☐(2) It includes 2 or more different modes of successive transportation;☐(3) It shall be international transportation;☐(4) The multimodal transport operator (MTO, combined transport operator) shall be responsible for the whole journey;☐(5) The whole journey shall use a single factor rate.单一运费率Postal Transport / Parcel post Transport ☐According to international trade practice, the seller fulfils the duty of delivery only if he delivers the parcel to the post office, pays off the postage, and gets the receipt.☐In this manner, the method is simple and convenient, and delivery is made simply when a receipt of the goods posted is obtained. It’s door-to-door transport. But, the restriction of the size and weight on the parcels limits the practicality of this mode. According to the postal regulations of theworld, the longest length of each parcel limits to one meter, and the weight under 20 kilogram.☐It is only suitable for exactitude instruments, machinery components, bullion ornaments, materia medicals andother small sized and precious goods.☐Postal transport falls into 2 kinds:☐(1) Regular mail;☐(2) Air mail.Pipelines transport☐Pipelines are used for transporting commodities, such as crude oil and gases etc., long distances over land and under the sea.☐Rising fuel costs make pipelines an attractive economic alternative to other forms of transport in certain circumstances.☐Safety in transferring flammable commodities is another important consideration.☐The time of delivery refers to the time limit during which the seller shall deliver the goods to the buyer at the agreed place by the agreed methods. ☐There are the following ways to stipulate the time of delivery in the contract.☐(1) Stipulate the definite time of delivery ----Stipulate a fixed time ☐(2) Stipulate a period of fixed time, the seller can arrange shipment during whichever date ☐(3). Stipulate shipment within …days after receipt of the letter of credit ☐(4). Stipulate the goods shall be shipped in the near future,（二）Shipment Clauses in S/C1、Time of shipment (装运时间)2、Place of shipment & Unloading Port of Shipment GuangzhouShanghai/Xiamen/DalianGuangdong Port(s)China Port(s) Port of Destination LondonMarseilles/London/GenoaEMP3、Partial shipment & Transshipment分批装运与转运1）Partial Shipment分批装运Partial shipments allowed. (prohibited)Shipment should be effected withinJan/Feb/Mar 2003 in three lots.……in three monthly lots.……in three equal monthly lots.Shipment should be effected withinMay/June in three lots, 500M/T for each.2）Transshipment 转运☐Transhipment:in ocean shipping, is the movement of goods in transit from one carrier to another at the ports of transhipment before the goods reach the port of destination.☐Reasons for transshipment:Transshipment is necessary when ships sailing direct to the port of destination are not available, the port of destination does not tie along the sailing route of the liner, or the amount of cargo for a certain port of destination is so small that no ships would like to call at that port.。
