最齐全的Harvard Reference格式引用指南---英国翰思教育

哈佛_论文引用格式!1 A brief guide to the Harvard System The University of Greenwich as with all universities requires that students give credit to the authors of the evidence they use to support the arguments within their essays and other assignments. Most schools within the University require that students use the Harvard system of referencing citation. This is a guide to that system giving some useful examples to which you can refer when referencing yourself. Function A bibliographical reference should contain sufficient information for you or someone else to trace the information sources you have used. It indicates that you have considered appropriate authorities and evidence in your work It acknowledges the work of others in contributing to your work. The same set of rules and grammar colons and commas should be followed every time you cite a reference consistency. Note – you ought to follow the convention of referencing dictated by your school or tutor normally the Harvard system. The components of the Harvard system The Harvard system has two main components. Firstly there is thein-text reference. Fore each item of evidence that you use from an external source a book a journal article etc. there is an entry that includes the author‟s family name and the year of the publication source that the information comes from. Note thatfor a quotation there will also be the page number for the page that the quotation came from. This works in conjunction with the second element which is known as a reference list sometimes known as a Bibliography. This is an alphabetical list by the author‟s last name which includes the full bibliographical details of the book which would enable the reader to find that source if they so wished. The in-text reference to the author‟s last name can be looked up in this list and the full detail found. As you can see then the system requires both element of in-text reference and reference list to work. Examples of how to do both elements are shown below. Citations in the text in-text reference All material taken from another writer‟s work should be acknowledged whether the work is directly quoted paraphrased or summarised. Not referencing Plagiarism Plagiarism a fancy word for stealing Citations in the text should give the author‟s name with the year of publication then all references should be listed in alphabetical order at the end of the paper/dissertation as laid out below. 2 For a single author In a study by Murthoo 1999 treatment compliance was examined….. In a study Seedhouse 1997 treatment compliance was examined …. When an author has published more than one cited document in the same year these are differentiated by addinglower cased letters after the year within the brackets. Beattie 2000a argued that public h ealth issues were ignored… Two authors: In the book by Kearney and Rainwater 2001 …. More than two authors: Singer et al 1996 contend that ….只写一个作者其余省略If more than one citation is referred to within a sentence list them all in the following form by date and then alphabetically: There are indications that childhood poverty is a strong predictor of later morbidity Wybourn and Hudson 2002 Acheson 1998 Lewis 1998 Online sources: When referencing a web page in your text it should be the Author and Year that you put in brackets and not the web page address or URL. Sometimes the author may be the organisation that publishes the web page for example the Department of Health: According to the Department of Health 2006 the quality of access to health care is one of their fundamental responsibilities. Harvard method of quoting in the text: Use quotation marks and acknowledge the author‟s name year of publication and page number of the quote in brackets. Short quotations up to 2 lines can be included in the body of the text:- Wybourn 1999 states that “being an undergraduate can be a pain” p.19. Longer quotations should be indented in a separate paragraph:- Smaje 1995 when commenting on transcultural care comments that:“Whereas multiculturalism tends to emphasise the existence of different cultural traditions in contemporary Britain and promotes tolerance and understanding anti- 3 racism places a more political emphasis on the forces that structure and determine access to power in society” If part of the quotation is omitted then this can be indicated using three dots:- Smaje 1995 states “…the existence of different cultural traditions in contemporary Britain and promotes tolerance and understanding…” p.17 Secondary referencing Where one author is referring to the work of another and the primary source is not available. You should cite the primary source and the source you have read eg Vygotsky and Piaget 2002 cited in Wybourn 2003. Secondary referencing should be avoided where possible. Find the original if you can. The Reference List – the Harvard method of listing references at the end of the text List in alphabetical order by author‟s name and then by date earliest first If more than one item has been published during a specific year by letter 1995a 1995b etc. Take information from the title page of a publication and not from the front cover which may be different. Include the elements and punctuation given in the examples below. Author‟s forenames can be included if given on the title page but this is not necessary. The title of thepublication should either be in italics or underlined. A book by a single author: Baggini J 2002 Making Sense: Philosophy behind the headlines. Oxford: Oxford University Press. A book by two authors: Searle John and Chomsky N 1997 The meaning of sense: critique arguments. 105th edn. London: Wybourn. A book by more than two authors Singer Mandela et al. 1995 Health care in a multiracial society. London: Open University Press A book by a corporate author eg a government department or other organisation: Nursing and Midwifery Council 2003 Patient-centred care: a NMC position statement on patient involvement. London: Nursing and Midwifery Council. 4 An edited book: Baumeister R. ed. 1999 The self in Social Psychology: Key readings in social psychology. Hove: Taylor and Francis. A chapter in a book Burnard P. 1997 …The self and self awareness.‟ In: K. Burns et al. eds. The Self in Society. London: Stanley Thornes. pp.17-28. An article in a journal: Valkimaki A. 1993 …Patient information systems.‟ British Journal of Nursing 131 pp.43-5. An article in a newspaper: Sabo M. 2003 …Fear of gun crime rising.‟ Guardian 26 October 2003 p.10. If no author name is given then the publisher should be used instead. Guardian 2003 Public health in decline. Guardian 24 October 2003 p11. An online source: Department of Health2006 Equality and human rights. Available at:/PolicyAndGuidance/EqualityAndHuman Rights/fs/en Accessed: 15 May 2006. A television programme Julie through the looking glass. 1992. BBC 2 4 July A video 12 Angry Men. 1957 Directed by Sidney Lumet Videocassette. Hollywood: MGM Entertainment CD ROMS Institute of Cancer Research 2000 A breath of fresh air: an interactive guide to managing breathlessness in patients with lung cancer. CD Rom. Sutton: Institute of Cancer Research Government publications White Papers contain statements of Government policy Green Papers put forward proposals for consideration and public discussion. They are cited in the same way. A White paper Department for Education and Skills 2002 14-19 next steps: the future. Cm.3390. London: Stationery Office A Green paper Department for Education and Skills 2003 Extending Opportunities: raising standards. Cm 3854. London: Stationery Office. An Act of Parliament Great Britain. Education Act 2002: Elizabeth II. Chapter 25. London: The Stationary Office.。

Harvard Referencing System GuideMotivation For This DocumentIn academic work, you are expected to follow certain rules of conduct in your study. Specifically, whenever you create an assignment, essay, presentation, group project, or other work which will be submitted for discussion or for evaluation, then your work needs to be of academic standard. Not doing so may cause your grade to be reduced significantly, perhaps even to the point of failure.“Academic standard” is quite a vague term and can be di fferent things to different people. However, for business students you can imagine that your work should try to emulate the work of other people in the field of business. In particular, this includes work which you see in professional journals, the work of your professors and the writers of your textbooks.Of course, you are not expected to be able to produce leading edge content in your work, but the format of your work should follow the same academic standard as professional writers in your field at least in terms of structure, referencing, and layout.This document only discusses the elements of referencing which are required for “Academic standard” work. Other elements of your work such as its structure and layout are also important, but these are not discussed here.Referencing can be done in many ways. For your programme, the standard method of referencing is the “Harvard System of References”. This system is very common world-wide, and is nearly universally understood. However in your professional career or in other other academic programmes, you may be required to use other systems of referencing. You are responsible for being aware of the local standards required in any work which you produce.In most reference systems, the idea is to leave the main text of your work uncluttered, but to still provide clear hints to the reader about where they can look for further information. Thus, most reference systems are actually implemented in two parts: a citation, and a bibliographic entry. A citation is just a shorthand marker that you insert into the body of your work to allow the reader to find a resource such as a book or an article or a television programme or whatever. The format for this is specified by the system of referencing you are using. In the case of the Harvard System, a citation looks like “Smith (2002)”. A bibliographic entry provides a complete description of the actual resource in a standard form. It contains just enough information for readers to find the resource for themselves. Again, the Harvard System of referencing has its own unique way of expressing this information.What This Document IsThis work is taken largely from an online guide to the Harvard System at the University of the West of England website (UWE, 2005).This is a guide to the Harvard System of References and is based on British Standards 1629:1989 and 5605:1990. As these standards do not yet include references to electronic resources we include our own recommendations for these below. These recommendations follow current common practice.This document provides a series of guidelines for citations (also known as attributions) and their accompanying bibliographic entries. These guidelines however are not completely rigid: you have some flexibility in how you do both citations and bibliographic entries. But it is important that you decide, within the flexibility allowed by the guidelines, your specific way of making them. Whatever that way is, you should be absolutely consistent within your work (i.e., within yourassignment/report/presentation). Inconsistency is sloppy and viewed as unprofessional. Of course, if your professor or supervisor imposes other constraints on you, then you should follow those as well.General Comments About Electronic ResourcesThe general recommendation for electronic resources is that you need to include all the usual information for print resources. In addition, you need to indicate that the resource is online, where it was found online, and when it was found online. Details of this are provided below.Furthermore, for any electronic resource which has a printed counterpart (e.g., an electronic book, or electronic newspaper, etc.), you should present the information in a similar way in both cases. For example, if your bibliographic entries to printed books includes the title of the book quoted and in italics (“like this”) then your bibliographic entry to electronic books should also present the title in the same way.Citation in the text of your work.IntroductionA citation is simply a reference to a resource. The resource could be a page in a book, a magazine article, a television programme, or even a telephone call. In the Harvard System, a citation is simply the author's name, plus the date of publication (though in the case of an authour who publishes more than one resource in a given year, you need to add an optional letter “a”, “b”, etc., to distinguish between these resources). This simple method lets you look up the bibliographic entry easily, and also lets you see directly who is being quoted or referenced. The full details of the resource (the title of the book and the publisher, for example) are provided in the bibliography section.Here is an example of a citation:...the work of Jones (1991a) shows that lipids are...When you write a report or give a presentation you include citations for a number of reasons:•As a shorthand method of allowing your readers to understand any background material which may be important in understanding your work.•As a way of giving credit to other people for their ideas, techniques, opinions, or theories•As a way of proving that statements you make have a foundation in reality (e.g., that your quotations were really made by some other persons, that the theories or results that you mention are really published somewhere, that the data you quote is real, etc.)•As a way of giving specific references to other data, ideas, techniques, opinions and theories which you are using in your work, so that other people can evaluate your work and/or compare it to the work of others.When do you create citations in your work? Here are some situations where you should create citations:•Whenever you mention a theory or a definition of a concept, you should provide a reference to the reader so that they can look up exactly what you mean. Ideallythe reference you choose would be one which provides further information onyour theory/concept, but perhaps also a general discussion of the area with othercompeting theories or alternative definitions.•Whenever you quote data that you did not gather yourself through primary research, then you need to say where you got it from, and you do this by citing the source of the data which you mention.•Whenever you mention an opinion or quotation of somebody else, you should provide a reference to the reader so they can look it up.Where do you create citations in your work? The citations you provide in your work are put into the text just after the place where the theory/concept/data/quotation/opinion (or whatever it is that needs explanation)It is important to note that every citation in your work should be linked to a corresponding bibliographic entry at the end of your work. In general, if you wish to cite a particular book at several places in your work (e.g, you reference a theory on p.17 of the book, a quotation from p.39 of the book, and some data from p.82 of the book), then you should:•make individual citations at each place in your work, and noting the page number in the book. e.g.,•...according to the theory of Smith (Smith, 1996, p.17)...•...and Smith (1996, p.39) stated: “economics is a pure science”, by which...•...but other data indicates that only 0.9% (Smith, 1996, p.82) of...•Make a single bibliographic entry describing the book. e.g.,•Smith, J. 1996. “Economics”. Toronto. University of Toronto Press. In general, don't duplicate your references.Primary Resources（第一手资料）Almost all of the time you will reference primary resources. “Primary resources” are simply resources which you have actually seen/heard/read. In the text of your work you make a reference to a primary resource simply by using the author's surname and year of publication. There are a number of equivalent ways to do this, depending on the style you wish to employ.If the author's name occurs naturally in a sentence, then just give the year in brackets:...as defined by Mintzberg (1983)If not, then both name and year are shown in brackets:In a recent study (Handy, 1987) management is described as..If the same author has published more than one cited document in the same year these are distinguished by lower case letters attached to the year of publication:Drucker (1989a)If there are two authors both names should be given before the date:Gremlin and Jenking (1981)...If there are three or more authors only the surname of the first author should be given, followed by 'et al.' (which is the short form of a phrase meaning, “and others”): Kotler et al. (1987)If the author is unknown, use ‘Anon.’ to indicate “anonymous author”:Anon. (1967)Secondary Resources（二手资料）In some cases you may wish to quote some resource that has been referred to in something you have read. This generally happens when the original resource is not available to you. Such resources are called “secondary resources”. Secondary resources should be avoided if at all possible.The general principle to follow in this case is that you must create a bibliographic entry to describe the primary resource (i.e., to the book which you have read). This bibliographic entry is done in the normal way. However, the citation in the body of your work will be a little different: you must cite both the secondary resource and the primary resource you have read.Here are some examples which will make this clearer:Examples:Rowley (1991) cites the work of Melack and Thompson (1971) whodeveloped the McGill Archaeology questionnaire.Melack and Thompson (1971, cited by Rowley 1991) developed the McGill Archaeology questionnaire.Rowley (1991, citing Melack and Thompson 1971) refers to the McGillArchaeology questionnaire.In each of these cases, in your list of references the work by Rowley would be the only one included.Creating Bibliographic References.（建立参考书目格式）Every citation in your work will link to exactly one bibliographic entry. However, onebibliographic entry might be linked to many citations.Where do you put your bibliographic entries? In the Harvard System, they are all placed in one sectio n of your work, usually titled something like “Bibliography” or “References”. The Bibliography section follows the main body of your work.Format of the Bibliography Section（参考书目的格式）The format of the bibliography section is quite simple. It begins with something which announces that this is the bibliography section. For example, a title at the top of the first page, “Bibliography” which is in larger type and centred on the page. Or, a separate page with the title “References” in large type and centre d on the page. In either case, following this section heading are the bibliographic entries.In the Harvard System, the bibliographic entries are listed in sorted order. The sorting is done based on the following elements, in order of importance:•the first author's surname.•The first author's initials.•The date of publication.•An optional letter (a,b,c,d,...) distinguishing different publications by the same author in the same year.You will note that these elements are the same ones which make up the citation which you will use in the body of your work. This makes a clear link between any citation in the body of your work, and the bibliographic entries. Some examples will make this clear:Anderson, B. 2005. “...”Jones, H. 2004. “...”Jones, Q. 1996. “...”Jones, Q., 1999. “...”Jones, Q., 1999a. “...”Jones, Q., 1999b. “...”Smith, A. 1762. “...”Between each bibliographic entry you should normally insert a little space to allow the reader to see where one entry ends and another one begins. For example, a blank line or blank half line between entries would make your bibliography easier to read. All modern word processing software can do this for you.When you are doing research, you should collect references to each kind of material in a consistent way. If there is a resource to which you wish to make a reference, but is of a kind which is not mentioned here, then you should consult a more detailed source. There are many such sources available on the internet.Individual Bibliographic Entries（建立可供读者查阅的参考书目格式）The most important principle in making references is that the reader should be able tolocate the resource solely from the bibliographic information that you have provided. The rest of this section describes what information needs to be provided when creating bibliographic references for different kinds of resources.Note that electronic versions of resources (e.g., electronic books or articles) which can be also found in other media (e.g., printed) are referenced through bibliographic entries which are identical to their non-electronic counterparts, but with a somewhat standard additional part. Thus, an online book would be referenced as for a printed book, but would have in addition to the information needed for a printed book the following: After Title:“[online]”After Remainder of Bibliographic Entry:“Available from:” URLAccessed date.Reference to a book or a report.（书、报告）You need to provide the following information, in order:List of Author(s)for each author: Author's surname, followed by Author's initials.Year of publication.Title. (in italics and/or quoted and/or underlined).Edition. (if not the first).Publisher.Place of publication.Plus for electronic resources the following phrases and data:After Title:“[online]”After Place of Publication:“Available from:” URLAccessed date.Example:（书）HEMINGWAY, E., 2003. Better reading French: a reader and guide toimproving your understanding of written French. : McGraw-Hill.DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH. 2002. National service framework fordiabetes: delivery strategy. : Department of Health.Online Examples:HEMINGWAY, E., 2003. Better reading French: a reader and guide toimproving your understanding of written French [online]. : McGraw-Hill.Available from: [Accessed 25 August 2004].DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH. 2002. National service framework fordiabetes: delivery strategy [online]. : Department of Health. Available from: /assetRoot/04/03/28/23/04032823.pdf [Accessed 5May 2004].For books without individual authors use ANON.Example:ANON. 1991. Turbo assembler: users' guide version 2.0. , CA: Borland. Reference to a contribution in a book.（注释）The reader needs to know:List of Author(s)for each author: Author's surname, followed by Author's initials.Year of publication.Title of Contribution.“eds.” List o f Editor(s)for each editor: Editor's surname, followed by Editor's initials “in” Title of Book (in italics and/or quoted and/or underlined).Edition. (if not the first).Publisher.Place of publication.Page numbers of contribution.Plus for electronic resources:After Title:“[online]”After Page Numbers:“Available from:” URLAccessed date.Example:（注释）SMITH, C.,1980. Problems of information studies in history. In: S. STONE, ed. Humanities information research. : CRUS, 1980, pp 27-30.WESTMORLAND, L., 2000. Taking the flak: operational policing, fear and violence. In: G. LEE-TREWEEK, ed. Danger in the field: risk and ethics in social research [online]. : Routledge, pp 26-42. Available from:/ [Accessed 25 May 2004].NOTE: When referring to specific pages in a book 'pp' is used. Use 'p' if referring to a single page.Reference to a journal article.（期刊）Some journal articles are published in print only, some in print and online (of which someare exact copies and some will appear in a different format), and some online only. In all cases, the version you cite should be the version that you have seen.The reader needs to know:List of Author(s)for each author: Author's surname, followed by Author's initials.Year of publication.Title of Article.Title of Journal.(in italics and/or quoted and/or underlined).Volume NumberPart Number. (in brackets).Page numbers. (optional)Plus for electronic resources:After Title:“[online]”After Page Numbers:“Available from:” URLAccessed date.Example:（期刊）NICOLLE, L.,1990. Data protection: laying down the law. ManagementComputing, 13(12), pp 48-49, 52.CHRISTENSEN, P., 2004. The health-promoting family: a conceptualframework for future research. “Social Science and Medicine” [online],59(2), pp 223-243. Available from:/science/journal/02779536 [Accessed 5 May 2004].SANDLER, M.P., 2003. The art of publishing methods. “Journal of Nuclear Medicine” [online], 44, pp 661-662. Available from:/content/vol44/issue5/index.shtml [Accessed 5May 2004].C.M., KROESEN, K., et al., 2004. Complementary and alternativemedicine: a concept map. “BMC Complementary and AlternativeMedicine” [online] 4:2 (13 February 2004). Available from:/content/pdf/1472-6882-4-2.pdf [Accessed 5 May 2004].Reference to a newspaper article.（报纸）The reader needs to know:List of Author(s)for each author: Author's surname, followed by Author's initials.Year of publication.Title of Article.Title of Newspaper.(in italics and/or quoted and/or underlined).Date Published.Page numbers. (optional)Plus for electronic resources:After Title:“[online]”After Page Numbers:“Available from:” URLAccessed date.Example:（报纸）BOOTH, J., 2004. Blair plans annual UK-China summit. Guardian [online]11 May, p 6. Available from:/guardian/2004/05/11/pdfs/gdn_040511_brd_6 _2263446.pdf [Accessed 25 May 2004].HASSELL, N., 2004. Gilts investors take profits. Times [online] 10 August.Available from: /xchange-international[Accessed 8 August 2004].Reference to a conference paper.（会议论文）The reader needs to know:List of Author(s)for each author: Author's surname, followed by Author's initials.Year of contribution“in” (in italics)List of Editor(s) of the Conference Proceedingsfor each editor: Editor's surname, followed by Editor's initials.Title of Conference Proceedings.(in italics and/or quoted and/or underlined).Date of Conference.Place of Conference.Publisher (if known)Page numbers.Plus for electronic resources:After Title:“[online]”After Page Numbers:“Available from:” URLAccessed date.Example:（会议论文）SILVER, K.,1989. Electronic mail the new way to communicate. In: D.I.RAITT, ed. 9th International Information Meeting, 3-5 December 1988. :Learned Information, pp 323-330.Reference to an Act of Government.（政府法案）Reader needs to know:Name of Issuing BodyYear of PublicationName of Act (in italics and/or underline and/or quoted)Other Identifier Numbers/Codes/Chapter NumbersPlace of PublicationPublisher.Example:（政府法案）Parliament. 2002. Football (disorder) (Amendment) Act 2002. Chapter 12. : The Stationery Office.Reference to a Command paper.（行政公文）Reader needs to know:Name of Committee/Department/Working Group/CommissionYear of PublicationTitle (in italics and/or underlined and/or in quotes)Place of PublicationPublisher.Other Identifying Codes, if any, in brackets.Example:（行政公文）Department of Trade and Industry. 2001. Productivity and enterprise: aworld class competition regime. : The Stationery Office. (Cm 5233). Reference to a thesis.（论文）Use similar method to a book.Example:LEVINE, D.,1993. A parallel genetic algorithm for the set partitioningproblem. Ph.D. thesis, Illinois Institute of Technology.Reference to a film, video and television broadcast.（电影、视频和电视广播）The reference for films and videos should include: title, year, material designation, subsidiary originator (director is preferred), production details - place: organisation. Example:。

Harvard referencing - Library quick guideUpdated: 19 October 2012In-text references- examplesSingle authorTwo or three authorsFour or more authorsEdited bookMore than one citation is provided in your sentenceList all citations alphabetically, with a semi-colon (;) to separate them.Secondary citationThis is when you refer to the work of one author cited by another.In the Reference List, refer to the author of the book, not the cited work. For instance, in the example below, Hosany & Martin 2012 would be in the Reference List.Encyclopedia or dictionaryThese are only cited in the text, and are NOT included in the Reference List.Website documentsMany electronic sources do not provide page numbers, unless they are in PDF format. If quoting or paraphrasing from a website that is NOT a PDF, then the in-text reference is either: ∙ a section heading (e.g. Better Health Channel 2012, Body image problems in Australian men section)∙ a paragraph number (e.g. Better Health Channel 2012, para. 5).Reference List - examplesBook – single authorCarroll, AB 2012, Business & society: ethics, sustainability, and stakeholder management, 8th edn, South-Western/Cengage Learning, Mason, OH.Book – more than one authorNote: List all authors, in order of appearance on the title page of the book, and use an ampersand (&) to separate the last two authors.Chalkley, T, Brown, A, Goodman, M, Cinque, T, Warren, B, Hobbs, M & Finn, M 2012, Communication, new media and everyday life, Oxford University Press, South Melbourne, Vic.Book – no authorStyle manual for authors, editors and printers 2002, 6th edn, John Wiley & Sons, Milton, Qld.Edited bookLubkin, IM & Larsen, PD (eds) 2013, Chronic illness: impact and interventions, 8th edn, Jones & Bartlett Learning, Burlington, MA.E-book from a databaseBenavides, EM 2012, Advanced engineering design: an integrated approach, Woodhead Publishing, Cambridge, UK, viewed 1 October 2012, Knovel database.Journal articleTaylor, CM, Karunaratne, CV & Xie, N 2012, …Glycosides of hydroxyproline: some recent, unusual discoveries‟, Glycobiology, vol. 22, no. 6, pp. 757-767.E-journal article from a databaseHosany, S & Martin, D 2012, …Self-image congruence in consumer behavior‟, Journal of Business Research, vol. 65, no. 5, pp. 685-691, viewed 27 May 2012, Elsevier SD Freedom Collection. Newspaper article from a databaseCarney, S 2012, …Gillard paying price for gamble on the numbers‟, The Age, 26 May, viewed 29 May 2012, Factiva database.Website documentsBetter Health Channel 2012, Body image and diets, Better Health Channel, viewed 16 July 2012,<.au/bhcv2/bhcarticles.nsf/pages/Body_image_and_diets?open>.。

哈佛格式多页格式引用标题：哈佛格式：多页格式引用的详细指南正文：哈佛格式是学术写作中常用的引用格式之一，它以作者-日期的方式引用参考文献。

当引用多页的书籍时，我们需要特别注意多页格式引用的规则。

本文将为您提供一个详细的指南，帮助您正确使用哈佛格式引用多页书籍。

首先，让我们明确哈佛格式多页引用的基本结构。

一个标准的多页引用应包括作者的姓氏、出版年份、书籍标题、页码和出版地。

在正文中引用多页书籍时，我们需要在引文中明确指出所引用内容的具体页码。

例如，假设我们引用的书籍是John Smith（2010年）出版的《哈佛格式指南》，我们需要在引文中标明所引用内容的页码，如（Smith，2010，p.45）。

这样读者就能准确地找到我们引用的内容。

另外，如果我们引用的内容跨越了多个页面，我们需要在引文中使用连字符来表示范围。

例如，如果我们引用的内容包括第45页到第50页，我们可以这样写（Smith，2010，pp.45-50）。

这样读者就能知道我们引用的内容涵盖了多个页面。

在引用多页书籍时，我们还需要注意书籍的版次和出版地。

如果所引用的书籍是第二版或之后的版本，我们需要将其在引文中明确标出。

例如，（Smith，2010，2nd ed.）表示我们引用的是第二版。

而出版地则可以在引文的最后加上。

例如，（Smith，2010，p. 45，New York）表示我们引用的书籍是在纽约出版的。

此外，我们还需要注意在引文中准确使用标点符号和引用符号。

在哈佛格式中，我们使用圆括号将引用内容括起来，并使用逗号分隔不同的引用元素。

例如，（Smith，2010，p.45）。

最后，为了确保文章的质量和合法性，我们需要遵守学术诚信的原则，不得抄袭或侵犯版权。

在引用他人的研究成果时，应遵守相关的引文规范，并在参考文献部分列出所有引用的来源。

总之，哈佛格式多页引用要求我们在引文中准确标明所引用内容的页码，并注意书籍的版次和出版地。

同时，我们还需遵守学术诚信原则，确保文章的质量和合法性。

哈佛参考文献格式是学术界通用的引用格式之一，它规定了学术论文中引用参考文献的标准格式，准确地引用文献不仅有助于展示学术严谨的态度，还可以避免抄袭和侵权行为。

下面将按照哈佛参考文献格式的要求，举例说明在不同类型文献的引用方法。

一、书籍1. 单一作者的书籍在引用单一作者的书籍时，应按照以下格式进行引用：作者姓，作者名. (出版年). 书名. 版次. 出版地：出版社.例如：Dawkins, R. (2006). The God Delusion. London: Black Swan.2. 多个作者的书籍在引用多个作者的书籍时，应按照以下格式进行引用：第一作者姓，第一作者名., 第二作者姓，第二作者名. (出版年). 书名. 版次. 出版地：出版社.例如：Smith, J., Johnson, T. (2010). Introduction to Sociology. 2nd ed. New York: Random House.二、期刊文章1. 单一作者的期刊文章在引用单一作者的期刊文章时，应按照以下格式进行引用：作者姓，作者名. (出版年). 文章题目. 期刊名, 卷号（期号）. 页码.例如：Jones, P. (2015). The effects of climate change. Environmental Science, 25(4), 345-358.2. 多个作者的期刊文章在引用多个作者的期刊文章时，应按照以下格式进行引用：第一作者姓，第一作者名., 第二作者姓，第二作者名. (出版年). 文章题目. 期刊名, 卷号（期号）. 页码.例如：Brown, M., Johnson, R., Williams, L. (2012). The impact of social media. Journal of Communication, 15(2), 123-136.三、网络文章1. 全球信息站在引用全球信息站时，应按照以下格式进行引用：作者（如有）. (发布年). 文章标题. 全球信息站名称. 取自URL例如：Smith, J. (2018). The impact of technology. Harvard University. Retrieved from xxx2. 博客在引用博客时，应按照以下格式进行引用：作者. (发布年). 文章标题 [博客]. 博客名, 取自URL例如：Jones, P. (2019). The future of 本人 [Blog post]. Medium. Retrieved from xxx以上是根据哈佛参考文献格式的要求，举例说明了在不同类型文献的引用方法。

维基百科，自由的百科全书哈佛参考文献格式[1]是一种罗列引用的方式，它将引用文献的其中一部分用括号包含起来，放在正文之内。

与之相对的是传统的将参考文献标注于文末（尾注）。

[2][3]目录• 1 参考文献o1.1 引用o1.2 书目• 2 延伸阅读• 3 参见引用[编辑]1. ^Harvard System of Referencing Guide. Anglia RuskinUniversity. 21 May 2012 [4 September 2012].2. ^"Author-date system, Chicago Manual of Style,Williams College Libraries, accessed 25 October 2010.3. ^ Pears, R and Shields, G Cite them right : the essentialreferencing guide (2008) ISBN 978-0-9551216-1-6书目[编辑]•American Psychological Association (2001). Citations in Textof Electronic Material, APA Style.•British Standards Institution (1990). Recommendations forciting and referencing published material, 2nd ed., London:British Standards Institution.•Chernin, Eli (1988). "The 'Harvard system': a mysterydispelled", British Medical Journal. October 22, 1988,pp. 1062–1063.•The Chicago Manual of Style (2003), 15th ed.Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN0-226-10403-6 (hardcover). ISBN0-226-10404-4 (CD-ROM).•Council of Science Editors (2006). Scientific Style and Format: The CSE Manual for Authors, Editors, andPublishers, 7th ed. Reston, VA (USA): CSE.ISBN0-9779665-0-X•Mark, Edward Laurens (1881). Maturation, fecundation, and segmentation of Limax campestris, Binney", Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College,Volume 6.•Modern Language Association of America (2009). The MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers. 7th ed. NewYork: MLA. ISBN 1-60329-024-9•MLA Style Manual and Guide to Scholarly Publishing (2008).Modern Language Association, 3rd edition. ISBN0-87352-297-4•Roediger, Roddy (April 2004). "What should they be called", APS Observer,17 (4), 2009, accessed 11 March2009.•"Lamont Libraries Lead RefWorksWorkshops" (2006). Harvard College Library. •"Research Service Libraries Take Part in PilotProject" (2009). Harvard University Library, February 18,2009, accessed 11 March 2009.•Turabian, Kate L., et al. (2007). A Manual for Writers of Term Papers, Theses, and Dissertations. 7th ed.Chicago: University of Chicago Press.ISBN 0-226-82336-9•"Citation Tools" at Harvard Libraries (2008) –Includes hyperlinked "Tool Comparisons: RefWorks, EndNote,Zotero".•American Library Association (ALA) (November 2003). ALA Standards Manual.•Anglia Ruskin University Library (updated 2010). "Harvard System of Referencing Guide".•Mullan, W.M.A. (updated 2010). " Harvard referencegenerator for citing references".•Council of Science Editors (CSE), previously named Councilof Biology Editors (CBE) (2009). "Scientific Style andFormat: Introduction" and"Reference Links"–Includessection on "Grammar and Style" with hyperlinked "Citing theInternet: Formats for Bibliographic Citations".)•Duke University Library (last modified, 2 June 2008). "CitingSources: Documentation Guidelines for Citing Sources andAvoiding Plagiarism"–Provides hyperlinked "CitationGuides" pertaining to the most commonly used citationguidelines, including parenthetical referencing; includes:APA, Chicago, CBE, CSE, MLA, and Turabian styleguidelines.•Harvard College Library (2008). "Research Guides".(Compiled by the Staff of Harvard College Library.)•Harvard College Writing Program, HarvardUniversity (2008). Resources for Students: Guides to UsingSources.•University of Leeds Library (2009). "References and citationsexplained", accessed 25 October 2010.•University of Southern Queensland Library (2008). YourGuide to the Harvard AGPS ReferencingSystem and "Harvard Style (AGPS) - Web sources",accessed 25 October 2010.•Victoria University of Technology (2009). Harvard(AGPS) Style: Harvard (AGPS) Style: A Guide toReferencing Sources Used in Assignments], accessed 25October 2010.•ISO 690•文后参考文献著录规则分类：•文献学。

1.文内引用格式无论是否直接引用还是改写，只要不是你自己的观点，都必须在文中以及reference页上面说明。

文内引用主要是需要注明作者及年份。

比如说你引用或改写了一段别人的作品，作者的名字是James Robert，日期为1992，但根据不同的表达方式，格式略有不同（1）如果作者没有很自然的在正文中出现，则需要在括号中写上作者的姓以及日期（姓，日期）There is some evidence (Jones, 1992) that these figures are incorrect.（2）如果作者的姓或名字出现在正文中，则在姓或名字的后面直接加括号，写上日期Jones (1992) has provided evidence that these figures are incorrect.（3）如果有两个作者，则都要写出来。

（姓and 姓，年份）It is claimed that government in the information age will “work better and cost less”(Bellamy and Taylor 1998, p.41).需要注意的是，这里有直接引用（有双引号的部分）。

直接引用就是抄的原话，必须用双引号标出，并且在文内引用的括号内写上页码。

（1）和（2）都是改写的句子，所以没有加页码（4）两个以上的作者，（第一个作者的姓et al. 日期）et al代表and other的意思…adoptive parents were coping better with the physical demands of parenthood and found family life more enjoyable (Levy et al. 1991).（5）如果一个作者在一年当中发表了多部作品，并且你需要引用到同一个作者在这个年分当中的多个作品，为了区分，在时间的后面分别加上a，b，c。

最规范HarvardReferenceHarvard StyleInstructionsNames: Author’s initials are used for their first name. If an author has more than one initial do not put any spaces between initials. Where a resource has multiple authors, all authors are listed by last name and then first initial separated by commas.Titles: Use sentence-like capitalization; only the first word and proper nouns. Include article or chapter titles in single quotation marks. Book and journal titles are fully capitalized. Dates: Use on the year of the publication. For viewed dates use the format date month year with no punctuation between.Journal or Magazine ArticlePattern:[Author last name], [Author first initial] [Year], ‘[Title of article]’, [Journal Name], [Volume number], [issue number], pp. [page number start]-[end], [URL or Database Name], [EBSCO host], viewed [day month year].Example:Maynard, W 1999 'Thoreau's House at Walden',?Art Bulletin, 81, 2, pp. 303, Academic Search Premier, EBSCO host, viiewed 6 December 2010Journal or Magazine Article w/No AuthorPattern:‘[Title of article]’ [Year], [Journal Name], [Volume number], [issue number], pp. [page number start]-end], [URL or Database Name], [EBSCO host], viewed [day month year]. Example: 'Royal Dogfight' 2004,?People, 61, 1, p. 28, Academic Search Premier, EBSCO host, viewed 6 December 2010.Online Newspaper ArticlePattern:[Author last name], [Author first initial] [Year], ‘[Title of article]’ [Newspaper Nam e], [Day month of publication], [URL or Database Name], [EBSCO host], viewed [day month year]. Example:Lacey, M 2007, 'A Communist He Was, but Today, Che Sells',?New York Times, 9 October, Newspaper Source Select, EBSCO host, viewed 6 December 2010.Online Newspaper Article w/No AuthorPattern:‘[Title of article]’ [Year], [Newspaper Name], [Day month of publication], [URL or Database Name], [EBSCO host], viewed [day month year].Example:'Metro Briefing | Connecticut: Hartford: Domestic Violence Proposal', 2005,?New York Times, 10 January, Newspaper Source Select, EBSCO host, viewed 6 December 2010.BookPattern:[Author last name] [Author first name initial] [Year], [Title of Work], [Publisher], [Location].Example:Nugent, P, & Vitale, B 2008, 'Chapter 11: Practice Questions with Answers and Rationales',?T est Success: Test-Taking Techniques for Beginning Nursing Students (5th Edition)?pp. 159-294 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: . Davis Company CINAHL Plus with Full Text, EBSCOhost, viewed 6 December 2010.Online Book ChapterPattern:[Author last name] [Author first name initial] [Year], ‘[Title of chapter]’, in [Title of work], [Publisher], [URL or Database Name], [EBSCO host], viewed [day month year]. Example: Legge, J 1871, 'The She King, or, The Book of Poetry', in?She King, or, the Book of Poetry?, American Theological Library Association (ATLA) Historical Monographs Collection: Series 1, EBSCO host, viewed 6 December 2010.Conference PaperPattern:[Author Last Name], [Author First Initial] [Published Year], [‘Title of Conference Paper’], [Conference Title], [Conference Organization Name], [Conference City Location], [Conference State or Country Location], [pp. xx-xx].Example:Johnson, G 2008, ‘The Issue of Domestic Violence and Society Acceptance’,?Domestic Violence, Governors for Change, Atlanta, Georgia, USA, .EBookPattern:[Author Last Name], [Author First Name Initial] [Year], [E book Title], [Publisher], [Publisher Location], accessed [Date Month Year], from [E Book Host Site or URL].Example:Clarke, R 2007,?Time Can Never DestroyE Book ChapterPattern:[Author Last Name], [Author First Na me Initial] [Year], ‘[Chapter Title]’, in [Editor last Name] Editor First Name initial] (ed), [E book Title], [Publisher], [Publisher Location], pp. [xx-xx], accessed [Date Month Year], from [E Book Host Site or URL].Example:Smith, J 2008, ‘Quantum Solutions’, in Wilber, K (ed),?Quantum Physics and Holography in Psychological Context WebsitePattern:[Website Page Name] [Year]. [Website Organization], [Website Organization Location], viewed [Date Month Year], <[URL]>.Example:Tommy Bolin Archives?。