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工程硕士学位论文基于LDA文本主题挖掘的个性化推送及其在Spark平台的实现作者姓名梁剑工程领域电子与通信工程校内指导教师陆以勤教授校外指导教师宗凌高级工程师所在学院电子与信息学院论文提交日期2015年12月The Personalized Recommendation Based on LDA Text Topic Mining and Implementation on SparkA Dissertation Submitted for the Degree of MasterCandidate：Liang JianSupervisor：Prof. Lu YiqinSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhou, China摘要随着互联网技术的发展，互联网已经深入生活中的方方面面，数据规模也从GB级发展到TB级，甚至是PB、EB级。
传统的信息检索技术通常只能返回主动查询的结果，并不能很好的解决用户实际的搜索需求。
在面对海量结果的情况下，也不能达到准确的满足用户之间差异化检索的需求。
个性化推荐技术通过对用户的历史数据进行挖掘，分析用户的历史记录以产生用户的兴趣模型，根据所产生的用户兴趣模型产生主动推荐的内容信息。
个性化推荐这一方法将传统的用户主动检索信息转变为网站的主动推荐信息，在满足用户信息需求的同时又能实现用户间的差异化。
本文在文本资源挖掘的基础上，研究如何通过对用户历史行为分析及文本的主题挖掘，获取用户主题层面的兴趣偏好，进而进一步的进行相似性计算工作。
本文工作主要包括以下几个方面：本文提出了个性化主题网络（Personalized Topic Network，PTN）模型，构建基于用户、文本和主题的无向图模型。
通过对用户的历史行为和文本的隐含主题挖掘，建立用户通过文本到主题的联系，使得从主题层面描述用户的兴趣偏好成为可能。
模型底层采用LDA（Latent Dirichlet Allocation）算法对文本的主题进行挖掘，以获得文本的主题向量描述。
中小企业存货管理研究一、本文概述Overview of this article随着市场竞争的日益激烈，存货管理已成为中小企业运营管理中不可忽视的一环。
存货作为企业资产的重要组成部分，其管理效率直接关系到企业的资金流转、成本控制和盈利能力。
因此，对中小企业存货管理进行深入研究，具有重要的理论意义和实践价值。
With the increasingly fierce market competition, inventory management has become an indispensable part of the operation and management of small and medium-sized enterprises. As an important component of enterprise assets, inventory management efficiency is directly related to the flow of funds, cost control, and profitability of the enterprise. Therefore, conducting in-depth research on inventory management in small and medium-sized enterprises has important theoretical significance and practical value.本文旨在探讨中小企业存货管理的现状、问题及其优化策略。
通过对中小企业存货管理的基本概念和特点进行阐述，为后续研究奠定基础。
分析当前中小企业存货管理中存在的主要问题，如存货量控制不当、存货结构不合理、存货周转率低等，并深入探究这些问题产生的原因。
在此基础上，结合国内外先进的存货管理理论和实践经验，提出针对性的优化策略和建议，以期帮助中小企业提高存货管理效率，降低运营成本，增强市场竞争力。
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评语大全之英文审稿拒绝评语英文审稿拒绝评语【篇一：英文论文审稿意见汇总】英文论文审稿意见汇总以下12点无轻重主次之分。
每一点内容由总结性标题和代表性审稿人意见构成。
1、目标和结果不清晰。
it is noted that your manuscript needs careful editing by someone with expertise in technical english editing paying particular attention to english grammar, spelling, and sentence structure so that the goals and results of the study are clear to the reader.2、未解释研究方法或解释不充分。
◆ in general, there is a lack of explanation of replicates and statistical methods used in the study.◆ furthermore, an explanation of why the authors did these various experiments should be provided.3、对于研究设计的rationale:also, there are few explanations of the rationale for the study design.4、夸张地陈述结论/夸大成果/不严谨：the conclusions are overstated. for example, the study did not showif the side effects from initial copper burst can be avoid with the polymer formulation.5、对hypothesis的清晰界定：a hypothesis needs to be presented。
Discrete Applied Mathematics157(2009)2217–2220Contents lists available at ScienceDirectDiscrete Applied Mathematicsjournal homepage:/locate/damPreface$This special issue on Networks in Computational Biology is based on a workshop at Middle East Technical University in Ankara,Turkey,September10–12,2006(.tr/Networks_in_Computational_Biology/). Computational biology is one of the many currently emerging areas of applied mathematics and science.During the last century,cooperation between biology and chemistry,physics,mathematics,and other sciences increased dramatically,thus providing a solid foundation for,and initiating an enormous momentum in,many areas of the life sciences.This special issue focuses on networks,a topic that is equally important in biology and mathematics,and presents snapshots of current theoretical and methodological work in network analysis.Both discrete and continuous optimization,dynamical systems, graph theory,pertinent inverse problems,and data mining procedures are addressed.The principal goal of this special issue is to contribute to the mathematical foundation of computational biology by stressing its particular aspects relating to network theory.This special issue consists of25articles,written by65authors and rigorously reviewed by70referees.The guest editors express their cordial thanks to all of them,as well as to the Editors-in-Chief of Discrete Applied Mathematics,Prof.Dr.Endre Boros and his predecessor,Prof.Dr.Peter L.Hammer,who was one of the initiators of this special issue but left us in2006, and to Mrs.Katie D’Agosta who was at our side in each phase of preparation of this DAM special issue.The articles are ordered according to their contents.Let us briefly summarize them:In the paper of Jacek Błażewicz,Dorota Formanowicz,Piotr Formanowicz,Andrea Sackmann,and MichałSajkowski, entitled Modeling the process of human body iron homeostasis using a variant of timed Petri nets,the standard model of body iron homeostasis is enriched by including the durations of the pertinent biochemical reactions.A Petri-net variant in which, at each node,a time interval is specified is used in order to describe the time lag of the commencement of conditions that must be fulfilled before a biochemical reaction can start.Due to critical changes in the environment,switches can occur in metabolic networks that lead to systems exhibiting simultaneously discrete and continuous dynamics.Hybrid systems represent this accurately.The paper Modeling and simulation of metabolic networks for estimation of biomass-accumulation parameters by Uˇg ur Kaplan,Metin Türkay,Bülent Karasözen,and Lorenz Biegler develops a hybrid system to simulate cell-metabolism dynamics that includes the effects of extra-cellular stresses on metabolic responses.Path-finding approaches to metabolic-pathway analysis adopt a graph-theoretical approach to determine the reactions that an organism might use to transform a source compound into a target compound.In the contribution Path-finding approaches and metabolic pathways,Francisco J.Planes and John E.Beasley examine the effectiveness of using compound-node connectivities in a path-finding approach.An approach to path finding based on integer programming is also presented. Existing literature is reviewed.This paper is well illustrated and provides many examples as well as,as an extra service,some supplementary information.In A new constraint-based description of the steady-state flux cone of metabolic networks,Abdelhalim Larhlimi and Alexander Bockmayr present a new constraint-based approach to metabolic-pathway analysis.Based on sets of non-negativity constraints,it uses a description of the set of all possible flux distributions over a metabolic network at a steady state in terms of the steady-state flux cone.The constraints can be identified with irreversible reactions and,thus,allow a direct interpretation.The resulting description of the flux cone is minimal and unique.Furthermore,it satisfies a simplicity condition similar to the one for elementary flux modes.Most biological networks share some properties like being,e.g.,‘‘scale free’’.Etienne Birmeléproposes a new random-graph model in his contribution A scale-free graph model based on bipartite graphs that can be interpreted in terms of metabolic networks,and exhibits this specific feature.$Dedicated to our dear teacher and friend Prof.Dr.Peter Ladislaw Hammer(1936–2006).0166-218X/$–see front matter©2009Elsevier B.V.All rights reserved.doi:10.1016/j.dam.2009.01.0212218Preface/Discrete Applied Mathematics157(2009)2217–2220Differential equations have been established to quantitatively model the dynamic behaviour of regulatory networks representing interactions between cell components.In the paper Inference of an oscillating model for the yeast cell cycle, Nicole Radde and Lars Kaderali study differential equations within a Bayesian setting.First,an oscillating core network is learned that is to be extended,in a second step,using‘‘Bayesian’’methodology.A specifically designed hierarchical prior distribution over interaction strengths prevents overfitting and drives the solutions to sparse networks.An application to a real-world data set is provided,and its dynamical behaviour is reconstructed.The contribution An introduction to the perplex number system by Jerry L.R.Chandler derives from his approach to theoretical chemistry,and provides a universal source of diagrams.The perplex number system,a new logic for describing relationships between concrete objects and processes,provides in particular an exact notation for chemistry without invoking either chemical or‘‘alchemical’’symbols.Practical applications to concrete compounds(e.g.,isomers of ethanol and dimethyl ether)are given.In conjunction with the real number system,the relations between perplex numbers and scientific theories of concrete systems(e.g.,intermolecular dynamics,molecular biology,and individual medicine)are described.Since exact determination of haplotype blocks is usually impossible,a method is desired which can account for recombinations,especially,via phylogenetic networks or a simplified version.In their work Haplotype inferring via galled-tree networks using a hypergraph-covering problem for special genotype matrices,Arvind Gupta,Ján Maňuch,Ladislav Stacho, and Xiaohong Zhao reduce the problem via galled-tree networks to a hypergraph-covering problem for genotype matrices satisfying a certain combinatorial condition.Experiments on real data show that this condition is mostly satisfied when the minor alleles(per SNP)reach at least30%.Recently the Quartet-Net or,for short,‘‘QNet’’method was introduced by Stefan Grünewald et al.as a method for computing phylogenetic split networks from a collection of weighted quartet trees.Here,Stefan Grünewald,Vincent Moulton,and Andreas Spillner show that QNet is a‘‘consistent’’method.This key property of QNet does not only guarantee to produce a tree if the input corresponds to a tree—and an outer-labeled planar split network if the input corresponds to such a network;the proof given in their contribution Consistency of the QNet algorithm for generating planar split networks from weighted quartets also provides the main guiding principle for the design of the method.Kangal and Akbash dogs are the two well-known shepherd dog breeds in Turkey.In the article The genetic relationship between Kangal,Akbash,and other dog populations,Evren Koban,Çigdem Gökçek Saraç,Sinan Can Açan,Peter Savolainen, andİnci Togan present a comparative examination by mitochondrial DNA control region,using a consensus neighbour-joining tree with bootstrapping which is constructed from pairwise FST values between populations.This study indicates that Kangal and Akbash dogs belong to different branches of the tree,i.e.,they might have descended maternally from rather different origins created by an early branching event in the history of the domestic dogs of Eurasia.In their paper The Asian contribution to the Turkish population with respect to the Balkans:Y-chromosome perspective,Ceren Caner Berkman and inci Togan investigate historical migrations from Asia using computational approaches.The admixture method of Chikhi et al.was used to estimate the male genetic contribution of Central Asia to hybrids.The authors observed that the male contribution from Central Asia to the Turkish population with reference to the Balkans was13%.Comparison of the admixture estimate for Turkey with those of neighboring populations indicated that the Central Asian contribution was lowest in Turkey.Split-decomposition theory deals with relations between real-valued split systems and metrics.In his work Split decomposition over an Abelian group Part2:Group-valued split systems with weakly compatible support,Andreas Dress uses a general conceptual framework to study these relations from an essentially algebraic point of view.He establishes the principal results of split-decomposition theory regarding split systems with weakly compatible support within this new algebraic framework.This study contributes to computational biology by analyzing the conceptual mathematical foundations of a tool widely used in phylogenetic analysis and studies of bio-diversity.The contribution Phylogenetic graph models beyond trees of Ulrik Brandes and Sabine Cornelsen deals with methods for phylogenetic analysis,i.e.,the study of kinship relationships between species.The authors demonstrate that the phylogenetic tree model can be generalized to a cactus(i.e.,a tree all of whose2-connected components are cycles)without losing computational efficiency.A cactus can represent a quadratic rather than a linear number of splits in linear space.They show how to decide in linear time whether a set of splits can be accommodated by a cactus model and,in that case,how to construct it within the same time bounds.Finally,the authors briefly discuss further generalizations of tree models.In their paper Whole-genome prokaryotic clustering based on gene lengths,Alexander Bolshoy and Zeev Volkovich present a novel method of taxonomic analysis constructed on the basis of gene content and lengths of orthologous genes of 66completely sequenced genomes of unicellular organisms.They cluster given input data using an application of the information-bottleneck method for unsupervised clustering.This approach is not a regular distance-based method and, thus,differs from other recently published whole-genome-based clustering techniques.The results correlate well with the standard‘‘tree of life’’.For characterization of prokaryotic genomes we used clustering methods based on mean DNA curvature distributions in coding and noncoding regions.In their article Prokaryote clustering based on DNA curvature distributions,due to the extensive amount of data Limor Kozobay-Avraham,Sergey Hosida,Zeev Volkovich,and Alexander Bolshoy were able to define the external and internal factors influencing the curvature distribution in promoter and terminator regions.Prokaryotes grow in the wide temperature range from4◦C to100◦C.Each type of bacteria has an optimal temperature for growth.They found very strong correlation between arrangements of prokaryotes according to the growth temperature and clustering based on curvature excess in promoter and terminator regions.They found also that the main internal factors influencingPreface/Discrete Applied Mathematics157(2009)2217–22202219 the curvature excess are genome size and A+T composition.Two clustering methods,K-means and PAM,were applied and produced very similar clusterings that reflect the aforementioned genomic attributes and environmental conditions of the species’habitat.The paper Pattern analysis for the prediction of fungal pro-peptide cleavage sites by SüreyyaÖzöˇgür Ayzüz,John Shawe-Taylor,Gerhard-Wilhelm Weber,and Zümrüt B.Ögel applies support-vector machines to predict the pro-peptide cleavage site of fungal extra-cellular proteins displaying mostly a monobasic or dibasic processing site.A specific kernel is expressed as an application of the Gaussian kernel via feature spaces.The novel approach simultaneously performs model selection, tests the accuracy,and computes confidence levels.The results are found to be accurate and compared with the ones provided by a server.Preetam Ghosh,Samik Ghosh,Kalyan Basu,and Sajal Das adopt an‘‘in silico’’stochastic-event-based simulation methodology to determine the temporal dynamics of different molecules.In their paper Parametric modeling of protein–DNA binding kinetics:A discrete event-based simulation approach,they present a parametric model for predicting the execution time of protein–DNA binding.It considers the actual binding mechanism along with some approximated protein-and DNA-structural information using a collision-theory-based approach incorporating important biological parameters and functions into the consideration.Murat Ali Bayır,Tacettin Doˇg acan Güney,and Tolga Can propose a novel technique in their paper Integration of topological measures for eliminating non-specific interactions in protein interaction networks for removing non-specific interactions in a large-scale protein–protein interaction network.After transforming the interaction network into a line graph,they compute betweenness and other clustering coefficients for all the edges in the network.The authors use confidence estimates and validate their method by comparing the results of a test case relating to the detection of a molecular complex with reality.The article Graph spectra as a systematic tool in computational biology by Anirban Banarjee and Jürgen Jost deals with the obviously important question of how biological content can be extracted from the graphs to which biological data are often reduced.From the spectrum of the graph’s Laplacian that yields an essentially complete qualitative characterization of a graph,a spectral density plot is derived that can easily be represented graphically and,therefore,analyzed visually and compared for different classes of networks.The authors apply this method to the study of protein–protein interaction and other biological and infrastructural networks.It is detected that specific such classes of networks exhibit common features in their spectral plots that readily distinguish them from other classes.This represents a valuable complement to the currently fashionable search for universal properties that hold across networks emanating from many different contexts.Konstantin Klemm and Peter F.Stadler’s Note on fundamental,nonfundamental,and robust cycle bases investigates the mutual relationships between various classes of cycle bases in a network that have been studied in the literature.The authors show for instance that strictly fundamental bases are not necessarily cyclically robust;and that,conversely, cyclically robust bases are not necessarily fundamental.The contribution focuses on cyclically robust cycle bases whose existence for arbitrary graphs remains open despite their practical use for generating all cycles of a given2-connected graph. It presents also a class of cubic graphs for which cyclically robust bases can be constructed explicitly.Understanding the interplay and function of a system’s components also requires the study of the system’s functional response to controlled experimental perturbations.For biological systems,it is problematic with an experimental design to aim at a complete identification of the system’s mechanisms.In his contribution A refinement of the common-cause principle,Nihat Ay employs graph theory and studies the interplay between stochastic dependence and causal relations within Bayesian networks and information theory.Applying a causal information-flow measure,he provides a quantitative refinement of Reichenbach’s common-cause principle.Based on observing an appropriate collection of nodes of the network, this refinement allows one to infer a hitherto unknown lower bound for information flows within the network.In their article Discovering cis-regulatory modules by optimizing barbecues,Axel Mosig,Türker Bıyıkoˇg lu,Sonja J.Prohaska, and Peter F.Stadler ask for simultaneously stabbing a maximum number of differently coloured intervals from K arrangements of coloured intervals.A decision version of this best barbecue problem is shown to be NP-complete.Because of the relevance for complex regulatory networks on gene expression in eukaryotic cells,they propose algorithmic variations that are suitable for the analysis of real data sets comprising either many sequences or many binding sites.The optimization problem studied generalizes frequent itemset mining.The contribution A mathematical program to refine gene regulatory networks by Guglielmo Lulli and Martin Romauch proposes a methodology for making sense of large,multiple time-series data sets arising in expression analysis.It introduces a mathematical model for producing a reduced and coherent regulatory system,provided a putative regulatory network is given.Two equivalent formulations of the problem are given,and NP-completeness is established.For solving large-scale instances,the authors implemented an ant-colony optimization procedure.The proposed algorithm is validated by a computational analysis on randomly generated test instances.The practicability of the proposed methodology is also shown using real data for Saccharomyces cerevisiae.Jutta Gebert,Nicole Radde,Ulrich Faigle,Julia Strösser,and Andreas Burkovski aim in their paper Modelling and simulation of nitrogen regulation in Corynebacterium glutamicum at understanding and predicting the interactions of macromolecules inside the cell.It sets up a theoretical model for biochemical networks,and introduces a general method for parameter estimation,applicable in the case of very short time series.This approach is applied to a special system concerning nitrogen uptake.The equations are set up for its main components,the corresponding optimization problem is formulated and solved, and simulations are carried out.2220Preface/Discrete Applied Mathematics157(2009)2217–2220Gerhard-Wilhelm Weber,Ömür Uˇg ur,Pakize Taylan,and Aysun Tezel model and predict gene-expression patterns incorporating a rigorous treatment of environmental aspects,and aspects of errors and uncertainty.For this purpose,they employ Chebyshev approximation and generalized semi-infinite optimization in their paper On optimization,dynamics and uncertainty:A tutorial for gene–environment networks.Then,time-discretized dynamical systems are studied,the region of parametric stability is detected by a combinatorial algorithm and,then,the topological landscape of gene–environment networks is analyzed in terms of its‘‘structural stability’’.We are convinced that all papers selected for this special issue constitute valuable contributions to many different areas in computational biology,employing methods from discrete mathematics and related fields.We again thank all colleagues who have participated in this exciting endeavor with care,foresight,and vision,for their highly appreciated help.Guest editorsAndreas DressBülent KarasözenPeter F.StadlerGerhard-Wilhelm Weber125July2008Available online29March2009 1Assistant to the guest editors:Mrs.Cand.MSc.Bengisen Pekmen(Institute of Applied Mathematics,METU,Ankara).。
最小二乘法的外文文献The least squares method, also known as the method of least squares, is a widely used technique in statistics and mathematical optimization for estimating the parameters of a mathematical model. It provides a way to find the best-fitting curve or line to a set of data points by minimizing the sum of the squares of the differences between the observed and predicted values.There are numerous foreign-language research papers available on the topic of least squares method. Here are a few examples:1. Title: "Least Squares Estimation in Linear Models"Authors: Peter J. Huber, Elvezio M. Ronchetti.Published in: Statistical Science, Vol. 1, No. 1 (Feb., 1986), pp. 1-55。
Abstract: This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the least squares estimation technique inlinear models. It covers various aspects such as model assumptions, estimation algorithms, hypothesis testing, and robustness.2. Title: "Nonlinear Least Squares Estimation"Authors: R. J. Carroll, D. Ruppert, L. A. Stefanski, C. M. Crainiceanu.Published in: Statistical Science, Vol. 22, No. 4 (Nov., 2007), pp. 466-480。
