英语词汇学 英语词汇学习题3及答案

试题三第一部分选择题I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket.(30%)1.According to the degree of similarity, homonyms can be classified into ( )A. perfect homonymsB. homonymsC. homophonesD. all the above2.Transfer as a mode of semantic change can be illustrated by the example ( )A. ad for “advertisement”B. dish for “food"C. fond for “affectionate”D. an editorial for “an editorial article"3.It is a general belief that the meaning does not exist in the word itself, but it rather spreads over ( )A. the reader’s interpretationB. the neighbouring wordsC. the writer's intentionD. the etymology of the word4.Which of the following is a prefix of time and order?A. extra-B. pro-C. re-D. semi-5.Which of the following dictionaries is not a specialized dictionary?A. The Oxford Dictionary of English EtymologyB. Chamber's Encyclopedic English DictionaryC. Longmont Dictionary of Phrasal VerbsD. Webster's New Dictionary of Synonyms6.Which of the following statements is Not true?A. Reference is the relationship between language and the world.B. The relationship between a word and its referent is arbitrary.C. Concept is universal to all men alike.D. Sense denotes the relationships outside the language.7.The words which occur before or after a word and may affect its meaning form ( )A. physical contextB. grammatical contextC. lexical contextD. linguistic context8."Smith is an architect. He designed World Trade Center. "The clue provided in the context is ( )A. definitionB. explanationC. exampleD. hyponym9.The term "vocabulary" is used in different ways because of all the following reasons EXCEPT that ( )A. it can refer to the common core of a languageB. it can refer to the total number of the words in a languageC. it can represent all the words used in a certain historical periodD. it can stand for words in given dialect or field10.The idiom "a dark horse" is a ( )A. simileB. metaphorC. metonymyD. personification11.An idiom differs from a free phrase in that the former is ( ) and the latter is not.A. structurally changeableB. semantically analyzableC. structurally fixedD. easily understood12.We can work out the meaning of heliocentric and geocentric according to ( )A. morphological structureB. relevant detailsC. grammatical structureD. physical context13.What causes the ambiguity of the sentence ”I like Mary better than Janet"? ( )A. VocabularyB. SituationC. StructureD. None of the above14.Early Modern English refers to the language spoken ( )A. from 1066 to 1500B. from 1150 to 1500C. from 1500 to 1700D. from 1600 to 180015.Affixes added to the end of words to indicate grammatical relationships are known as ( )A. bound rootsB. free morphemesC. inflectional morphemesD. derivational affixes第二部分非选择题Ⅱ.Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book. (10%)16._________________ meaning refers to the part of speech, tenses of verbs, etc.17.The word __________ has the old meaning "servant" and the elevated meaning "head of a ministry".18.The relationship between sound and meaning is arbitrary or ______________.19.When a word with more than one meaning is used in unclear context, it creates _______________.20.Almost all affixes are __________morphemes because few can be used as independent words.Ⅲ.Match the words in Column A with those in Column B according to 1)rhetorical features of the idioms; 2)sense relations; 3)assimilation degree; 4)characteristics of the basic word stock and 5)motivation.(10%)A B21.reiteration ( ) A. high and low22.repetition ( ) B. pick and choose23.juxtaposition ( ) C. face to face24.perfect homonym ( ) D. Failure is the mother of success.25.personification ( ) E. hiss26.portus ( ) F. bear; beare ( ) G. twitter28.heart ( ) H. cat29.birds ( ) I. port30.snakes ( ) J. heart and soulⅣ.Study the following words and expressions and identify 1) types of context clues; 2) typesof word formation; 3) types of word-meaning changes and 4) rhetorical features of idioms.(10%)31.making a restatement of a new word or concept in familiar words ( )32.sitcom ( )33.the usual amenities such as a pub, a post office and a school ( )34.form cradle to grave ( )35.might and main ( )36.fax ( )37.disobey,impolite, ( )38.hussy:"housewife"→"a woman of low morals"( )39.disease:"discomfort"→"illness"( )40.fond:"foolish"→"affectionate"( )Ⅴ.Define the following terms.(10%)41.dictionary42.pejoration43.idioms nominal in nature44.Germanic45.allomorphⅥ.Answer the following questions. Y our answers should be clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below.(12%)46.What are the stylistic features of idioms?47.How would you explain the difference between back formation and suffixation? Give examples to illustrate your point.48. How do you distinguish inflectional affixes and derivational affixes?Ⅶ.Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below.(18%)ment on the following pairs of sentences in terms of superordinate and subordinates.a. The man said he would come to our school next week.b. The visiting scholar said he would visit our university next Monday.50.Analyes the morphological structures of the following words and point out the types of the morphemes.unbearable, international, ex-prisoner试题参考答案Ⅰ.Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket.(30%)1.D2.B3.B4.C5.B6.D7.C8.C9.A 10.B11.C 12.A 13.C 14.C 15.CⅡ.Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.(10%)16. Grammatical 17. minister 18. conventional 19. ambiguity 20. boundⅢ.Match the words in Column A with those in Column B. (10%)21.B 22.C 23.A 24.F 25.D26.I 27.H 28.J 29.G 30.EⅣ.Study the following words and expressions and identify 1)types of context clues; 2)types of word formation; 3)types of word-meaning changes and 4)rhetorical features of idioms.(10%)31.explanation32.head+head blending33.hyponymy/hyponym34.figure of speech; metonymy35.phonetic manipulation/alliteration36.back clipping37.affixation, prefixation or negative prefixes38.degradation39.narrowing40.elevationⅤ.Define the following terms.(10%)41. Dictionary is a book which presents in alphabetical order the words of a language, with information as to their spelling, pronunciation, meaning usage, etc.42. Degradation or pejoration of meaning is the opposite of semantic elevation. It is a process whereby words of good origin fall into ill reputation or non-affective words come to be used in derogatory sense.43.(1)Each idiom has a noun as the key word.(2)Each functions as a noun/also knows asnoun idioms.44.a term used to refer to a branch of the Indo-European language family, which consists of English, German, Dutch, etc.45.one of the variants that realize a morphemeⅥ.Answer the following questions.(12%)46.(1)Many idioms were created in different professions, so they were trade-or profession-related, colloquial and informal.(2)Now most become a part of the common core, neither formal nor informal.(3)There are still many colloquialisms, slang expressions, literary expressions comparatively small in number.47.A)Suffixation is the formation of new words by adding suffixes to bases.B)Back-formation is considered to be the opposite process of suffixation; it's the method of creating words by removing the supposed suffixes.48.Inflectional affixes are affixes (1) attached to the end of words; (2) to indicate grammatical relationships, while derivational affixes are affixes; (3) added to other morphemes; (4) to create new words.Ⅶ.Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short Write your answers in the space given below.(18%)49.要点：Superordinate Subordinate1) man scholar2) come visit3) school university4) week Monday50.1)Each of the three words consists of three morphemes unbearable(un+bear+able), international (inter+nation+al), ex-prisoner(er+prison+er).2)Of the nine morphemes, only bear, nation and prison are free morphemes as they can exist by themselves.3)All the rest un-,-able,inter-,-al, ex-and-er are bound as none of them can stand alone as words.。

2023年自考专业(英语)《英语词汇学》考试历年真题摘选附带答案第1卷一.全考点综合测验(共20题)1.【单选题】“Woman” becomes “ Frau” in German, “femme” in French and “f ùnǔ” in Chinese. This example shows that in different languages the same concept can be represented by different ______ .A. soundsB.formsC.unitiesD.meanings2.【单选题】It took a few seconds for her eyes to ________ to the darkness.A.allocateB.adoptC.applyD.adjust3.【单选题】What he told us was more of a(n) ________ than a reality.A.illusionB.demonstrationC.illustrationD.reputation4.【单选题】Generally, a dictionary covers the following contents EXCEPT ______.A. spellingB.pronunciationC.definitionD.syntactical rules5.【单选题】Words that are identical only in spelling but different in sound and meaning are called ______.A.perfect homonymsB.homographsC.homophonesD.homonyms6.【单选题】In grammatical context, the meaning of a word may be influenced by the ______in which it occurs.A.structureB.sentenceC.phraseD.clause7.【单选题】A mong the following words, “ ______ ” does NOT have inflectional affixes.A. likedB.children’sC.happierD.it’s8.【单选题】He insured his car ________ he had an accident.A. unlessB.ifC.sinceD.in case9.【单选题】Oxford Advanced Learner s Dictionary ’ , 3rd Edition (1980), is among the best-known British ______ dictionaries.A.unabridgedB.deskC.pocketD.bilingual10.【单选题】Collins COBUILD English Language Dictionary (1987) has some unique features such as definition, extra column and ______.A. pronunciationB.grammar codesage examplesnguage codes11.【单选题】Modern economics ________ the country ’s agricultural policies.A.undergoesB.understandsC.underliesD.undertakes12.【单选题】Which of the following is NOT one of the extra-linguistic factors that cause changes in meaning?A.Cultural reason.B.Historical reasonC.Class reasonD.Psychological reason13.【单选题】Happiness doesn ’t alway s _______ money.A.go throughB.go in forC.go withD.go over14.【单选题】“ Apple, pear, peach, orange, lemon, etc. ” make up the ______ of “ fruit ”.A.synonymsB.homonymsC.superordinate termD.semantic field15.【单选题】—David has made great progress recently. — _______，and _______.A.So he has；so you haveB.So he has；so have youC.So he has；so do youD.So has he；so you have16.【单选题】One can figure out the meaning of “ airmail ” to be “ mail by air ” by its ______.A.onomatopoeic motivationB.morphological motivationC.semantic motivationD.etymological motivation17.【单选题】From the viewpoint of word formation, the word “ smog” is a ______.poundB.conversionC.clippingD.blending18.【单选题】Which of the following statements is TRUE?A.Grammatical meaning refers to the part of speech, tenses of verbs and stylistic features ofwords.B.Unlike conceptual meaning, associative meaning is unstable and indeterminate.C.Affective meaning indicates the listener ’ s attitude towards the person or thing in questionD.Collocation cannot affect the meaning of words.19.【单选题】The Indo-European language family is made up of the languages of the following EXCEPT ______ .A.EuropeB.the Far EastC.IndiaD.the Near East20.【单选题】Which of the following is NOT one of the context clues?A.DefinitionB.PolysemyC.SynonymyD.Antonymy.第2卷一.全考点综合测验(共20题)1.【单选题】We cannot leave this tough job to a person ________.A.who nobody has confidenceB.in whom nobody has confidenceC.for whom nobody has confidenceD.who everyone has confidence of2.【单选题】How many monomorphemic words are there in the following words? cats boss work improper triedA.1B.2C.3D.43.【单选题】It has been years ________ I returned home.A.afterB.thatC.sinceD.when4.【单选题】Which of the following is NOT one of the characteristics of idioms?A.The part of speech of each element in an idiom is very important.B.The constituents of idioms can eplaced. ’ t be rC.The word order in an idiom can ’ t be changed.D.An idiom functions as one word.5.【单选题】Police are ________ the disappearance of two children.A. looking upB.looking throughC.looking intoD.looking on6.【单选题】______ of meaning is a process by which a word that originally had a specialized meaning has now become generalized.A.DegradationB.ElevationC.ExtensionD.Specilization7.【单选题】Idioms nominal in nature have a(n) ______ as the key word in each and function as a noun in sentences.A.verbB.adjectiveC.prepositionD.noun8.【单选题】Among the following words, “ ______ ” contains a negative prefix.A.amoralB.de-composeC.antiwarD.foretell9.【单选题】The following words of the basic word stock denote the most common things and phenomena of the world around us EXCEPT ______ .A.fireB.hotC.photoscanningD.sister10.【单选题】Which of the following words does NOT have suffixes?A.NorthwardB.WidenC.HappyD.Worker.11.【单选题】The professor worked for 7 hours at a ________.A.stretchB.extendC.expandD.prolong12.【单选题】Each of us should _______ aside a few minutes to have a rest every day.A.pushB.provideC.turnD.set13.【单选题】Which of the following is NOT one of the main sources of new words in the present-day English vocabulary?A.The rapid development of modern science and technology.B.Social, economic and political changesC.The invasion of foreign countries.D.The influence of other cultures and languages.14.【单选题】Aliens are borrowed words which have retained their original pronunciation and spelling. Which of the following words comes from Chinese?A.BazaarB.KowtowC.RajahD.Blitzkrieg15.【单选题】The word “minister” originally meant “a servant”, but now has changed to“a head of a ministry ”. This process of meaning change is called ______ .A.extensionB.elevationC.degradationD.specialization16.【单选题】We were told that the stone figure _______ back to the 16th century was of great value.A. datedB.datingingD.kept17.【单选题】If you try to learn too many things at a time, you may get ________.A. concentratedB.confusedC.confirmedD.convinced18.【单选题】Which of the following is partially converted?A. A whiteB.A drunkC.The poorD.Finals19.【单选题】We are interested in the weather because it _______ us so directly—what we wear, what we do and even how we feel.A.benefitsB.affectsC.guidesD.effects20.【单选题】A good worker in a key spot could, so _______ as he kept up production, take all the coffee breaks he wanted.A.longB.shortC.muchD.little第1卷参考答案一.全考点综合测验1.正确答案：A2.正确答案：D本题解析：A 分配，拨出B 收养，过C 应用，申请D 调整，使适合3.正确答案：A本题解析：他告诉我们的更可能是幻想而不是现实。

2023年自考专业(英语)《英语词汇学》考试历年真题摘选附带答案第1卷一.全考点综合测验(共20题)1.【单选题】The Indo-European language family is made up of the languages of the following EXCEPT ______ .A.EuropeB.the Far EastC.IndiaD.the Near East2.【单选题】We are interested in the weather because it _______ us so directly—what we wear, what we do and even how we feel.A.benefitsB.affectsC.guidesD.effects3.【单选题】Perseverance is a kind of quality and that is _______ it takes to do anything well.A. whatB.thatC.whichD.why4.【单选题】We were told that the stone figure _______ back to the 16th century was of great value.A. datedB.datingingD.kept5.【单选题】Collins COBUILD English Language Dictionary (1987) has some unique features such as definition, extra column and ______.A. pronunciationB.grammar codesage examplesnguage codes6.【单选题】Words that are identical only in spelling but different in sound and meaning are called ______.A.perfect homonymsB.homographsC.homophonesD.homonyms7.【单选题】—David has made great progress recently. — _______，and _______.A.So he has；so you haveB.So he has；so have youC.So he has；so do youD.So has he；so you have8.【单选题】Generally, a dictionary covers the following contents EXCEPT ______.A. spellingB.pronunciationC.definitionD.syntactical rules9.【单选题】“Woman” becomes “ Frau” in German, “femme” in French and “f ùnǔ” in Chinese. This example shows that in different languages the same concept can be represented by different ______ .A. soundsB.formsC.unitiesD.meanings10.【单选题】If you try to learn too many things at a time, you may get ________.A. concentratedC.confirmedD.convinced11.【单选题】Oxford Advanced Learner s Dictionary ’ , 3rd Edition (1980), is among the best-known British ______ dictionaries.A.unabridgedB.deskC.pocketD.bilingual12.【单选题】______ of meaning is a process by which a word that originally had a specialized meaning has now become generalized.A.DegradationB.ElevationC.ExtensionD.Specilization13.【单选题】It has been years ________ I returned home.A.afterB.thatC.sinceD.when14.【单选题】Police are ________ the disappearance of two children.A. looking upB.looking throughC.looking intoD.looking on15.【单选题】Idioms nominal in nature have a(n) ______ as the key word in each and function as a noun in sentences.A.verbB.adjectiveC.prepositionD.noun16.【单选题】It took a few seconds for her eyes to ________ to the darkness.B.adoptC.applyD.adjust17.【单选题】We cannot leave this tough job to a person ________.A.who nobody has confidenceB.in whom nobody has confidenceC.for whom nobody has confidenceD.who everyone has confidence of18.【单选题】Which of the following is NOT one of the extra-linguistic factors that cause changes in meaning?A.Cultural reason.B.Historical reasonC.Class reasonD.Psychological reason19.【单选题】To write up his novel, John is looking for an environment free ________ outside distraction.A. onB.withC.fromD.in20.【单选题】What he told us was more of a(n) ________ than a reality.A.illusionB.demonstrationC.illustrationD.reputation第2卷一.全考点综合测验(共20题)1.【单选题】A good worker in a key spot could, so _______ as he kept up production, take all the coffee breaks he wanted.A.longB.shortC.muchD.little2.【单选题】The following words of the basic word stock denote the most common things and phenomena of the world around us EXCEPT ______ .A.fireB.hotC.photoscanningD.sister3.【单选题】How many monomorphemic words are there in the following words? cats boss work improper triedA.1B.2C.3D.44.【单选题】One can figure out the meaning of “ airmail ” to be “ mail by air ” by its ______.A.onomatopoeic motivationB.morphological motivationC.semantic motivationD.etymological motivation5.【单选题】A mong the following words, “ ______ ” does NOT have inflectional affixes.A. likedB.children’sC.happierD.it’s6.【单选题】Which of the following is NOT one of the characteristics of idioms?A.The part of speech of each element in an idiom is very important.B.The constituents of idioms can eplaced. ’ t be rC.The word order in an idiom can ’ t be changed.D.An idiom functions as one word.7.【单选题】Aliens are borrowed words which have retained their original pronunciation and spelling. Which of the following words comes from Chinese?A.BazaarB.KowtowC.RajahD.Blitzkrieg8.【单选题】Among the following words, “ ______ ” contains a negative prefix.A.amoralB.de-composeC.antiwarD.foretell9.【单选题】In grammatical context, the meaning of a word may be influenced by the ______in which it occurs.A.structureB.sentenceC.phraseD.clause10.【单选题】Which of the following words does NOT have suffixes?A.NorthwardB.WidenC.HappyD.Worker.11.【单选题】Each of us should _______ aside a few minutes to have a rest every day.A.pushB.provideC.turnD.set12.【单选题】Which of the following is partially converted?A. A whiteB.A drunkD.Finals13.【单选题】Parents, teachers in schools and communicators in or using the mass media are all capable of ________ our potential interests.A.raisingB.risingC.arousingD.arising14.【单选题】Which of the following statements is TRUE?A.Grammatical meaning refers to the part of speech, tenses of verbs and stylistic features ofwords.B.Unlike conceptual meaning, associative meaning is unstable and indeterminate.C.Affective meaning indicates the listener ’ s attitude towards the person or thing in questionD.Collocation cannot affect the meaning of words.15.【单选题】The word “minister” originally meant “a servant”, but now has changed to“a head of a ministry ”. This process of meaning change is called ______ .A.extensionB.elevationC.degradationD.specialization16.【单选题】Happiness doesn ’t alway s _______ money.A.go throughB.go in forC.go withD.go over17.【单选题】He insured his car ________ he had an accident.A. unlessB.ifC.sinceD.in case18.【单选题】Modern economics ________ the country ’s agricultural policies.B.understandsC.underliesD.undertakes19.【单选题】“ Apple, pear, peach, orange, lemon, etc. ” make up the ______ of“ fruit ”.A.synonymsB.homonymsC.superordinate termD.semantic field20.【单选题】Which of the following is NOT one of the context clues?A.DefinitionB.PolysemyC.SynonymyD.Antonymy.第1卷参考答案一.全考点综合测验1.正确答案：B2.正确答案：B本题解析：affect 多作为动词来用，表示影响。

新编英语词汇学参考答案一、选择题1. A. 词汇量是指一个人掌握的词汇数量。

2. B. 词汇的语义场是指词汇在语义上的分类。

3. C. 词汇的形态变化包括派生、合成和转换。

4. D. 词汇的习得是指通过学习掌握新词汇的过程。

5. E. 词汇的语义关系包括同义、反义、上下位等关系。

二、填空题6. 词汇的派生是指通过添加词缀来形成新词。

7. 词汇的合成是指将两个或多个词汇组合成新词。

8. 词汇的转换是指词汇在不同词性间的转换。

9. 词汇的习得可以通过阅读、听力、口语和写作等多种方式。

10. 词汇的语义关系有助于理解词汇的含义和使用。

三、简答题11. 词汇的习得对语言学习者的重要性是什么？词汇的习得对语言学习者至关重要，因为词汇是语言的基本构成单位。

掌握足够的词汇量有助于提高语言理解能力、表达能力和沟通效率。

此外，词汇习得还有助于学习者更好地理解语言的文化内涵和使用习惯。

12. 词汇的形态变化有哪些类型？词汇的形态变化主要包括三种类型：派生、合成和转换。

派生是通过添加词缀来形成新词；合成是将两个或多个词汇组合成新词；转换是词汇在不同词性间的转换，例如名词转动词。

13. 词汇的语义场是如何帮助我们理解和使用词汇的？词汇的语义场通过将词汇按照语义关系进行分类，帮助我们更好地理解和记忆词汇。

例如，通过了解“家具”这一语义场，我们可以快速记忆和使用与家具相关的词汇，如“桌子”、“椅子”、“床”等。

四、论述题14. 论述词汇习得策略在语言教学中的作用。

词汇习得策略在语言教学中起着至关重要的作用。

首先，有效的词汇习得策略可以帮助学习者扩大词汇量，提高语言运用能力。

其次，通过教授不同的词汇习得策略，教师可以激发学生的学习兴趣，使他们更加主动地参与到语言学习中。

此外，词汇习得策略还可以帮助学习者更好地理解词汇的语义和用法，从而提高语言的准确性和流畅性。

15. 分析词汇的语义关系对语言理解和表达的影响。

词汇的语义关系对语言理解和表达具有重要影响。

英语词汇学试题Introduction and Chapter 1Basic Concepts of Words and Vocabula ry（练习1）I．Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement.1.Morphology is the branch of grammar which studies the structure or forms of words, primarily through theuse of _________construct.A. wordB. formC. morphemeD. root2.________ is traditionally used for the study of the origins and history of the form and meaning of words.A. SemanticsB. LinguisticsC. EtymologyD. Stylistics3.Modern English is derived from the language of early ______ tribes.A. GreekB. RomanC. ItalianD. Germanic4. Semantics is the study of meaning of different _________ levels: lexis, syntax, utterance, discourse, etc.A. linguisticB. grammaticalC. arbitraryD. semantic5.Stylistics is the study of style . It is concerned with the user’s choices of linguistic elements in a particular________ for special effectsA. situationB. contextC. timeD. place6.Lexicography shares with lexicology the same problems: the form , meaning, origins and usages of words, but they have a _______ difference.A . spelling B. semantic C. pronunciation D. pragmatic7. Terminology consists of _______ terms used in particular disciplines and academic areas.A. technicalB. artisticC. differentD. academic8. __________refers to the specialized vocabularies by which members of particular arts, sciences, trades, and professions communicate among themselves.A. SlangB. JargonC. Dialectal wordsD. Argot9 ._________ belongs to the sub-standard language, a category that seems to stand between the standard general words including informal ones available to everyone and in-group words.A. JargonB. ArgotC. Dialectal wordsD. Slang10. Argot generally refers to the jargon of _______.Its use is confined to the sub-cultural groups and outsiders can hardly understand it.A. workersB. criminalsC. any personD. policeman11.________ are words used only by speakers of the dialect in question.A. ArgotB. SlangC. JargonD. Dialectal words12. Archaisms are words or forms that were once in _________use but are now restricted only to specialized or limited use.A. commonB. littleC. slightD. great13. Neologisms are newly-created words or expressions, or words that have taken on ______meanings.A. newB. oldC. badD. good14. Content words denote clear notions and thus are known as_________ words. They include nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs and numerals.A. functionalB. notionalC. emptyD. formal15. Functional words do not have notions of their own. Therefore, they are also called _______words. Prepositions, conjunctions, auxiliaries and articles belong to this category.A. contentB. notionalC. emptyD. newII. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.16.Lexicology is a branch of linguistics, inquiring into the origins and _____of words.17.English lexicology aims at investigating and studying the ______ structures of English words and word equivalents, their semantics, relations, _____development, formation and ______.18.English lexicology embraces other academic disciplines, such as morphology, ______,etymology, stylistics,________.19.There are generally two approaches to the study of words , namely synchronic and _______.nguage study involves the study of speech sounds, grammar and_______.III. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1) basic word stock and nonbasic vocabulary 2) content words and functional words 3) native words and borrowed words4)characteristics of the basic word stock.A B21 . Stability ( ) A. E-mail22. Collocbility( ) B. aught23. Jargon( ) C. por24. Argot ( ) D. upon25.Notional words( ) E. hypo26. Neologisms ( ) F. at heart27. Aliens ( ) G. man28. Semantic-loans( ) H. dip29. Archaisms ( ) I. fresh30. Empty words ( ) J. emirIV. Study the following words or expressions and identify 1) characteristics of the basic word stock 2) types of nonbasic vocabulary.31. dog cheap ( ) 32 a change of heart ( )33. can-opener ( ) 34.Roger ( )35. bottom line ( ) 36.penicillin ( )37. auld ( ) 38. futurology ( )39.brethren ( ) 40. take ( )V. Define the following terms.41. word 42. Denizens 43. Aliens 44. Translation-loans 45. Semantic-loansVI. Answer the following Questions46.Illustrate the relationship between sound and meaning, sound and form with examples.47. What are the main characteristics of the basic word-stock? Illustrate your points with examples.48. Give the types of nonbasic vocabulary with examples.VII. Analyze and comment on the following.49. Classify the following words and point out the types of words according to notion.earth, cloud, run, walk, on, of, upon, be, frequently , the, five, but, a , never.50. Group the following borrowed words into Denizens, Aliens, Translation-loans, Semantic-loans.Dream, pioneer, kowtow, bazaar, lama, master-piece, port, shirtKey to Exercises:I. 1. A2.C3.D4.A5.B6.D7.A8.B9.D10.B11.D12.A13.A14.B15.CII.16.meanings17.morphological, historical, usages 18. semantics, lexicography19.diachronic20.vocabularyIII.21. G 22. F23. E24. H25. C26. A27. J28.I29.B30.DIV.31. the basic word stock; productivity32. the basic word stock; collocability33.the basic word stock; argot34.nonbasic word stock; slang35. nonbasic word stock; jargon36. nonbasic word stock ;terminology37.nonbasic word stock; dialectal words38. nonbasic word stock ,neologisms39. nonbasic word stock; archaisms40. the basic word stock; polysemyV-----VI. (see the course book)VII. 49. Content words: earth, clould, run, walk, frequently, never, fiveFunctional words: on, of, upon, be, the, but, a.50. Denizens: port, shirt,Aliens: bazaar, kowtowTranslation-loans: lama, masterpieceSemantic-loans:dream, pioneerChapter 2 The Development of the English Vocabulary and Chapter 3 Word Formation I(练习2)I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement.1.It is assumed that the world has approximately 3,000( some put it 5,000)languages, which can be groupedinto the basis of similarities in their basic word stock and grammar.A. 500B. 4000C. 300D. 20002.The prehistoric Indo-European parent language is thought to be a highly ______language.A. inflectedB. derivedC. developedD. analyzed3.After the _________, the Germanic tribes called Angles ,Saxons, and Jutes came in great numbers.A. GreeksB. IndiansC. RomansD. French4.The introduction of ________had a great impact on the English vocabulary.A. HinduismB. ChristianityC. BuddhismD. Islamism5.In the 9th century the land was invaded again by Norwegian and Danish Vikings. With the invaders, many________words came into the English language.A. GreekB. RomanC. CelticD. Scandinavian6.It is estimated that at least ______ words of Scandinavian origin have survived in modern English.A. 500B. 800C. 1000 .D. 9007.The Normans invaded England from France in 1066. The Norman Conquest started a continual flow of______ words into English.A. FrenchB. GreekC. RomanD. Latin8.By the end of the _______century , English gradually came back into the schools, the law courts, andgovernment and regained social status.A. 12thB. 13thC. 14thD.15th9.As a result , Celtic made only a ________contribution to the English vocabulary.A. smallB. bigC. greatD. smaller10. The Balto-Slavic comprises such modern languages as Prussian, Lithuanian, Polish, Czech, Bulgarian, Slovenian and _______.A. GreekB. RomanC. IndianD. Russian11.In the Indo-Iranian we have Persian , Bengali, Hindi, Romany, the last three of which are derived from thedead language.A. SanskritB. LatinC. RomanD. Greek12.Greek is the modern language derived from _______.A. LatinB. HellenicC. Indian D . Germanic13.The five Roamance languages , namely, Portuguese, Spanish, French, Italian, Romanian all belong to theItalic through an intermediate language called _______.A. SanskritB. LatinC. CelticD. Anglo-Saxon14.The ________family consists of the four Northern European Languages: Norwegian, Icelandic, Danishand Swedish, which are generally known as Scandinavian languages.A. GermanicB. Indo-EuropeanC. AlbanianD. Hellenic15.By the end of the _______century , virtually all of the people who held political or social power and manyof those in powerful Church positions were of Norman French origin.A. 10thB.11thC.12thD. 13thII. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.16.Now people generally refer to Anglo-Saxon as _______.17.. If we say that Old English was a language of full endings , Middle English was one of ______.18.It can be concluded that English has evoked from a synthetic language (Old English) to the present _____language.19.The surviving languages accordingly fall into eight principal groups , which can be grouped into anEastern set: Balto-Slavic , Indo-Iranian ,Armenian and Albanian; a Western set :Celtic, Italic, Hellenic, _______.20.It is necessary to subdivide Modern English into Early (1500-1700)and _____ Modern English.III. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1) origin of the words2)history off English development 3) language family.A B21. Celtic ( ) A.politics22. religious ( ) B.moon23.Scandinavian ( ) C. Persian24. French ( ) D.London25. Old English ( ) E. abbot26.Dutch ( ) F. skirt27.Middle English ( ) G. sunu28. Modern English ( ) H. lernen29. Germanic family ( ) I. freight30.Sanskrit ( ) J. NorwegianIV.Study the following words or expressions and identify types of morphemes underlined.31. earth ( ) 32.contradict ( )33. predictor ( ) 34. radios ( )35. prewar ( ) 36. happiest ( )37. antecedent ( ) 38. northward ( )38. sun ( ) 40. diction ( )V. Define the following terms.41. free morphemes 42. bound morphemes 43. root 44. stem 45.affixesVI. Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short.46. Describe the characteristics of Old English .47. Describe the characteristics of Middle English.48. Describe the characteristics of Modern English.VII. Answer the following questions with examples.49. What are the three main sources of new words ?50. How does the modern English vocabulary develop ?Key to exercises:I. 1.C 2.A 3.C 4.B 5.D 6.D 7.A 8.B 9.A 10.D 11.A 12.B 13.B 14.A 15.BII.16.Old English 17. Leveled endings 18. analytic 19. Germanic te(1700-up to the present )III.21. D 22. E 23. F 24. A 25. G 26. I 27. H 28. B 29. J 30. CIV.31. free morpheme/ free root 32. bound root 33. suffix 34. inflectional affix35. prefix 36. Inflectional affix 37. prefix 38. suffix 39. free morpheme/free root40.bound rootV.-VI ( See the course book )VII. 49. The three main sources of new words are :(1)The rapid development of modern science and technology ,e.g. astrobiology, green revolution ;(2)Social , economic and political changes; e.g. Watergate, soy milk;(3)The influence of other cultures and language; e.g. felafel, Nehru Jackets.50. Modern English vocabulary develops through three channels: (1) creation, e.g. consideration, carefulness; (2) semantic change, e.g. Polysemy, homonymy ; (3) borrowing ;e.g. tofu, gongful.Chapter 3 The Development of the English V ocabulary and Chapter 4 Word Formation II（练习3）I．Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement.1.The prefixes in the words of ir resistible, non classical and a political are called _______.A.reversative prefixesB. negative prefixesC. pejorative prefixesD. locative prefixes2.The prefixes contained in the following words are called ______: pseudo-friend, mal practice, mis trust.A. reversative prefixedB. negative prefixesC. pejorative prefixesD. locative prefixes3.The prefixed contained in un wrap, de-compose and dis allow are _________.A. reversative prefixedB. negative prefixesC. pejorative prefixesD. locative prefixes4.The prefixes in words extra-strong, overweight and arch bishop are _____ .A . negative prefixes B. prefixes of degree or size C. pejorative prefixes D. locative prefixes5.The prefixes in words bi lingual ,uni form and hemis phere are ________.A. number prefixesB. prefixes of degree or sizeC. pejorative prefixesD. locative prefixes6.________ are contained in words trans-world, intra-party and fore head.A.Prefixes of orientation and attitudeB. Prefixes of time and orderC. Locative prefixesD. Prefixes of degree or size7. Rugby ,afghan and champagne are words coming from ________.s of booksB. names of placesC. names of peopleD. tradenames8. Omega,Xerox and orlon are words from _________.s of booksB. names of placesC. names of peopleD. tradenames9.Ex-student, fore tell and post-election contain________.A.negative prefixesB. prefixes of degree or sizeC. prefixes of time and orderD. locative prefixes10.Mackintosh, bloomers and cherub are from _______A. names of booksB. names of placesC. names of peopleD. tradenames11.The prefixes in words new-Nazi, autobiography and pan-European are ________.A.negative prefixesB. prefixes of degree or sizeC. prefixes of time and orderD. miscellaneous prefixes12.The prefixes in words anti-government , pro student and contra flow are _____-.A.prefixes of degree or sizeB. prefixes of orientation and attitudeC. prefixes of time and orderD. miscellaneous prefixes13.Utopia ,odyssey and Babbit are words from ________.s of booksB. names of placesC. names of peopleD. tradenames14.The suffixes in words clockwise, homewards are ______.A. noun suffixesB. verb suffixesC. adverb suffixesD. adjective suffixes15.The suffixes in words height en, symbol ize are ________.A. noun suffixesB. verb suffixesC. adverb suffixesD. adjective suffixesII. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.16. Affixation is generally defined as the formation of words by adding word-forming or derivational affixes to stem. This process is also known as_____.pounding , also called ________, is the formation of new words by joining two or more stems . Words formed in this way are called _________.18. __________ is the formation of new words by converting words of one class to another class.19. _________ is the formation of new words by combining parts of two words or a word plus a part of another word . Words formed in this way are called blends or _____words.20 A common way of making a word is to shorten a longer word by cutting a part off the original and using what remains instead. This is called _______.III. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to types of suffixation.A B21. Concrete denominal noun suffixes( ) A. priceless22. Abstract denominal noun suffixes ( ) B. downward23. Deverbal noun suffixes(denoting people.)() C. engineer24. Deverbal nouns suffixes( denoting action,etc) （） D. darken25. De-adjective noun suffixes（）Ｅviolinist26. Noun and adjective suffixes ( ) F.happiness27. Denominal adjective suffixes ( ) G. arguable28. Deverbal adjective suffixes ( ) H.dependent29. Adverb suffixes ( ) I. adulthood30. Verb suffixes ( ) J. survivalIV.Study the following words or expressions and identify 1) types of clipping 2) types of acronymy and write the full terms.31.quake ( ) 32. stereo ( ) 33. flu ( ) 34. pub ( ) 35. c/o ( )36. V-day ( ) 37. TB ( ) 38. disco ( ) 39.copter ( ) 40. perm ( )V.Define the following terms .41. acronymy 42. back-formation 43. initialisms 44. prefixation 45. suffixationVI. Answer the following questions with examples.46. What are the characteristics of compounds ?47. What are the main types of blendings ?48. What are the main types of compounds ?VII. Analyze and comment on the following:49. Use the following examples to explain the types of back-formation.(1) donate ----donation emote----emotion(2) loaf—loafer beg------beggar(3) eavesdrop---eavesdropping babysit---babysitter(4) drowse—drowsy laze---lazy50. Read the following sentence and identify the types of conversion of the italicized words.(1) I’m very grateful for your help. (2) The rich must help the poor.(3)His argument contains too many ifs and buts. (4) They are better housed and clothed.(5) The photograph yellowed with age. (6) We downed a few beers.Key to exercises :1. B2. C3. A4. B5. A6.C7.B8.D9.C 10.C 11.D 12.B 13.A 14.C 15.BII. 16. derivation position, compounds 18. Conversion 19. Blending(pormanteau) 20.clippingIII. 21.C 22. I 23. H 24. J 25.F 26.E 27.A 28.G 29.B 30.DIV.31. Front clipping, earthquake32. Back clipping, stereophonic33.Front and back clipping, influenza34.Phrase clipping, public house35. Initialisms, care of36. Acronyms, Victory Day37. Initialisms, tuberculosis38. Back clipping, discotheque39. Front clipping, helicopter40. Phrase clipping, permanent wavesV-VI. (See the course book)VII.49. There are mainly four types of back-formation.(1)From abstract nouns (2) From human nouns (3) From compound nouns and others(4) From adjectives50. (1)Verb to noun (2) Adjective to noun (3) Miscellaneous conversion to noun(4 ) Noun to verb (5) Adjective (6) Miscellaneous conversion to verbChapter 5 Word Meaning (练习4)I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement.1. A word is the combination of form and ________.A. spellingB. writingC. meaningD. denoting2._______is the result of human cognition, reflecting the objective world in the human mind.A. ReferenceB. ConceptC. SenseD. Context3.Sense denotes the relationships _______the language.A. outsideB. withC. beyondD. inside4. Most English words can be said to be ________.A. non-motivatedB. motivatedC. connectedD. related5.Trumpet is a(n) _______motivated word.A. morphologicallyB. semanticallyC. onomatopoeicallyD. etymologically6.Hopeless is a ______motivated word.A. morphologicallyB. onomatopoeicallyC. semanticallyD. etymologically7.In the sentence ‘ He is fond of pen ’ , pen is a ______ motivated word.A. morphologicallyB. onomatopoeicallyC. semanticallyD. etymologically8.Walkman is a _______motivated word.A. onomatopoeicallyB. morphologicallyC. semanticallyD. etymologically9.Functional words possess strong _____ whereas content words have both meanings, and lexical meaning inparticular.A. grammatical meaningB. conceptual meaningC. associative meaningD. arbitrary meaning10._______is unstable, varying considerably according to culture, historical period, and the experience of the individual.A.Stylistic meaningB. Connotative meaningC. Collocative meaningD. Affective meaning11.Affective meaning indicates the speaker’s _______towards the person or thing in question.A. feeling .B. likingC. attitudeD. understanding12. _________ are affective words as they are expressions of emotions such as oh, dear me, alas.A. PrepositionsB. InterjectionsC. ExclamationsD. Explanations13. It is noticeable that _______overlaps with stylistic and affective meanings because in a sense both stylistic and affective meanings are revealed by means of collocations.A.conceptual meaningB. grammatical meaningC. lexical meaningD. collocative meaning14.In the same language, the same concept can be expressed in ______.A. only one wordB. two wordsC. more than threeD. different words15.Reference is the relationship between language and the ______.A. speakersB. listenersC. worldD. specific countryII. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.16.In modern English one may find some words whose sounds suggest their ______pounds and derived words are ______ words and the meanings of many are the sum total of themorphemes combined.18._______ refers to the mental associations suggested by the conceptual meaning of a word.19.The meanings of many words often relate directly to their ______. In other words the history of the wordexplains the meaning of the word.20.Lexical meaning itself has two components : conceptual meaning and _________.III. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1) types of motivation 2) types of meaning.A B21. Onomotopooeic motivation ( ) A. tremble with fear22. Collocative meaning ( ) B. skinny23. Morphological motivation ( ) C. slender24. Connotative meaning ( ) D. hiss25. Semantic motivation ( ) E. laconic26. Stylistic meaning ( ) F. sun (a heavenly body)27. Etymological motivation ( ) G.airmail28. Pejorative meaning ( ) H. home29. Conceptual meaning ( ) I. horse and plug30. Appreciative meaning ( ) J. pen and awordIV.Study the following words or expressions and identify 1)types of motivation 2) types of meaning.31. neigh ( ) 32. the mouth of the river ( )33. reading-lamp ( ) 34. tantalus ( )35. warm home ( ) 36. the cops ( )37. dear me ( ) 38. pigheaded ( )39. handsome boy ( ) 40. diligence ( )V.Define the following terms .41. motivation 42. grammatical meanings 43. conceptual meaning 44. associative meaning 45. affective meaningVI.Answer the following questions . Your answers should be clear and short.46. What is reference ? 47. What is concept ? 48. What is sense ?VII.Analyze and comment on the following.49. Study the following words and explain to which type of motivation they belong.50. Explain the types of associative meaning with examples.Key to exercises:I. 1. C 2.B 3.D 4.A 5.C 6.A 7.C 8.D 9.A 10.B 11.C 12.B 13.D 14.D 15.CII.16. meanings 17.multi-morphemic 18.Semantic motivation 19.origins 20.associative meaningIII.21. D 22.A 23.G 24.H 25.J 26.I 27.E 28.B 29.F 30.CIV.31. Onomatopoeic motivation 32. Semantic motivation33. Morphological motivation 34. Etymological motivation35. Connotative meaning 36.Stylistic meaning37. Affective meaning 38. pejorative39. collocative meaning 40. appreciativeV-VI. See the course book.VIII.49. (1) Roar and buzz belong to onomatopoeic motivation.(2)Miniskirt and hopeless belong to morphological motivation.(3) The leg of a table and the neck of a bottle belong to semantic motivation.(4) Titanic and panic belong to etymological motivation.50. Associative meaning comprises four types:(1)Connotative meaning . It refers to the overtones or associations suggested by the conceptual meaning,traditionally known as connotations. It is not an essential part of the word-meaning, but associations that might occur in the mind of a particular user of the language. For example, mother , denoting a ‘female parent’, is often associated with ‘love’, ‘care’, etc..(2)Stylistic meaning. Apart feom their conceptual meanings, many words have stylistic features, whichmake them appropriate for different contexts. These distinctive features form the stylistic meanings of words . For example, pregnant, expecting, knockingup, in the club, etc., all can have the same conceptual meaning, but differ in their stylistic values.(3)Affective meaning. It indicates the speaker’s attitude towards the person or thing in question. Wordsthat have emotive values may fall into two categories :appreciative or pejorative. For example, famous, determined are words of positive overtones; notorious, pigheaded are of negative connotations implying disapproval, contempt or criticism.(4)Collocative meaning. It consists of the associations a word acquires in its collocation. In other words,it is that part of the word-meaning suggested by the words before or after the word in discussion. For example, we say : pretty girl, pretty garden; we don’t say pretty typewriter. But sometimes there is some overlap between the collocations of the two words.Chapter 6 Sense Relations and Semantic Field (练习5)I.Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement.1.Polysemy is a common feature peculiar to ______.A. English onlyB. Chinese onlyC. all natural languagesD. some natural languages2.From the ______ point of view, polysemy is assumed to be the result of growth and development of thesemantic structure of one and same word .A. linguisticB. diachronicC. synchronicD. traditional3._______ is a semantic process in which the primary meaning stands at the center and the secondarymeanings proceed out of it in every direction like rayes.A Radiation B. Concatenation C. Derivation D. Inflection4. _________ is the semantic process in which the meaning of a word moves gradually away from its first sense by successive shifts until, in many cases, there is not a sign of connection between the sense that is finally developed and that which the term had at the beginning.A. DerivationB. RadiationC. InflectionD. Concatenation5.One important criterion to differentiate homonyms from polysemants is to see their ______.A. spellingB. pronunciationC. etymologyD. usage6. ________refer to one of two or more words in the English language which have the same or very nearly the same essential meaning.A. PolysemantsB. SynonymsC. AntonymsD. Hyponyms7. The sense relation between the two words tulip and flower is _______.A. hyponymyB. synonymyC. polysemyD. antonymy8. _________ are words identical only in spelling but different in sound and meaning, e.g. bow/bau/; bow/beu/.A. HomophonesB. HomographsC. Perfect homonymsD. Antonyms9. The antonyms: male and female are ______.A. contradictory termsB. contrary termsC. relative termsD. connected terms10.The antonyms big and small are ______.A. contradictory termsB. contrary termsC. relative termsD. connected terms11.The antonyms husband and wife are ______.A. contradictory termsB. contrary termsC. relative termsD. connected termsposition and compounding in lexicology are words of _______.A. absolute synonymsB. relative synonymsC. relative antonymsD. contrary antonyms13.As homonyms are identical in sound or spelling, particularly ______, they are often employed in aconversation to create puns for desired effect of humor, sarcasm or ridicule.A. homographsB. homophonesC. absolute homonymsD. antonyms14.From the diachronic point of view, when the word was created, it was endowed with only one meaning .The first meaning is called ______.。

⼤学英语三级考试词汇练习100题答案三级词汇和结构练习100题(1) BADCD ACBDB ACBAD CDCBA(2) DACBA BCDDC BACBD ABDAC(3) CADBA BCDAC BDAD B CDCBA(4) CADBB BCCDA CABBD DCDAB(5) BBAAC DCBCD CCABD BAADD⼤学英语三级考试词汇练习100题（1）1. She is one of the newest film stars from America and has many fans, _________in Europe.A) specially B) particularly C) partially D) specifically2.________ a little earlier this morning! I missed the school bus by only one minuteand had to wait in the cold for nearly an hour.A) If only I had got up B) If I had got upC) If only I get up D) If I got up3.________ twice, the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we chained ourdog up.A) Being bitten B) Had been bittenC) Having bitten D) Having been bitten4.They took________ measures to prevent poisonous gases from escaping in thechemical plant.A) fruitful B) beneficial C) effective D) influential5.Never before that night ________ so great my responsibility was.A) I had felt B) I felt C) did I feel D) had I felt6. There was a knock at the door. It was the second time someone________ me that evening.A) had interrupted B) to have interruptedC) would have interrupted D) having interrupted7.There is not much time left; so I'll tell you about it _________.A) in short B) in detail C) in brief D) in all8. Indoor heating systems have made _______ for people to live and work comfortably in a mild climate.A) possible B) it possible C) possible that D) it is possible9. A railway ticket should indicate the place of departure as well as the_________ of the trip.A) advance B) arrival C) direction D) destinationC) having been killed D) being killed11.The United States is composed of fifty states,_________ are separated from theothers by land or water.A) two of which B) two of whom C) two of them D) two of those12.We are anxious to hear any information _________ his health.A) involving B) including C) concerning D) considering13.A good artist, like a good engineer, learns as much from ________ his success.A) his mistakes as B) his mistakes as fromC) his mistakes from D) his mistakes from as14._______ its economy continues to grow, the US is increasingly becoming anation of part-time and temporary workers.A) Even though B) If only C) Now that D) Provided that15.At such a time of crisis, we must try to _______ differences of party or class andstick together.A) set forth B) set back C) set down D) set aside16.I told the foreign guests that it was in the house ______ we used to live that theexhibition was held.A) that B) which C) where D) there17.________ a choice of two jobs, the man decided to take the one which was more challenging.A) When being offered B) When offeringC) When he is offered D) When offered18.I can't _______ her another day; she never stops complaining.A) come up with B) keep up with C) put up with D) catch up with19.The boy _________ Spanish for six years by the time he takes his examinationA) has studies B) will have studiedC) has been studying D) had studied20. A soldier should never ________ from the duty of defending his country even in the face of death.A) shrink B) shield C) shelter D) avoid（2）1. Only in a few countries _____ a reasonable standard of living.A) the whole population enjoy C) do the whole population enjoyB) the whole population enjoys D) does the whole population enjoy2. We have _____ to the government for a home improvement loan.3. _____, a man who expresses himself effectively is sure to succeed more rapidly than a man whose command of English is poor.A) Were other things equal C) Other things being equalB) To be equal to other things D) Other things to be equal4. "May I speak to your manager Mr. Smith at four o'clcok this afternoon?"I'm sorry. Mr. Smith _____ to a conference before then.A) has gone B) will have gone C) had gone D) would have gone5. There was a large crowd in the square _____ against the Iraq war.A) protesting B) protecting C) preventing D) promoting6. The writer has published many books, _____ are well received by the readers.A) all of whom B) all of which C) all of them D) all of these7. After a whole day of hard work I'm very tired. It's time we _____ home.A) go B) shall C) went D) should go8. The continuous rain _____ the harvesting of the wheat crop by two weeks.A) set out B) set aside C) set off D) set back9. In those two years, Professor Brooks often had us _____ such oral presentations in class.A) did B) done C) to do D) do10. It is quite necessary for a qualified teacher to have good manners and _____ knowledge.A) intensive B) ineffective C) extensive D) expensive11. _____ I admire George as an artist, I do not like him as a man.A) Only if B) Much as C) If only D) As much12. The ceremony is not for the _____ of the dead, but for the comfort of the living.A) respect B) purpose C) sake D) impression13. Criticism and self-criticism is necessary _____ it helps us to correct our mistakes.A) until B) unless C) in that D) in which14. We need someone really _____ who can organize the office and make it run smoothly.A) effective B) efficient C) essential D) executive15. Some of the experiments _____ in our textbook are difficult to perform.A) to describe B) be described C) describing D) described16. Tom graduated from a famous university at a very young age. He _____ have been an outstanding student.A) must B) could C) should D) might17. Let's hang up some nice paintings on these _____ walls of the great hall.A) blank B) bare C) empty D) vacant18. The student in glasses confessed to _____ the final English exam for another student.A) practice B) common C) advance D) turn20. I like climbing mountains _____ my wife prefers water sports.A) as B) for C) while D) when（3）1.Nowhere else in the world ______ more attractive scenery than in Switzerland.A. you can findB. should be findC. can you findD. has been found2.They are trying to _______ the waste discharged by the factory for profit.A. exploitB. exhaustC. exposeD. exhibit3.Spring_______ come, we may perhaps look forward to better weather.A. hasB. hadC. haveD. having4.When she arrived, I felt bored and disappointed, because I____________ since seven o’clock.A. had waitedB. had been waitingC. were waitingD. have been waited5.When we moved to France, the children _____ themselves to the new surrounding very well.A. adaptedB. broughtC. were waitingD. have been waited6. A survey was carried out on cheating in examinations in college all over the country, ________ were surprising.A. such resultsC. these resultsD. the results of it7.The traffic was very heavy; otherwise I __________ here 30 minutes sooner.A. should have beenB. would beC. would have beenD. had been8.Over ten people died and twenty people were _________ wounded in the train crash.A. eventuallyB. urgentlyC. bitterlyD. seriously9.There was so much noise that the speaker couldn’t make himself ________.A. heardB. to hearC. hearingD. being heard10.A good many proposals were raised by the students, _____ had been expected.A. thatB. whatC. asD. so11.Do you think it is true that people ________against nuclear weapon?A. in particularB. in generalC. in commonD. in question12.__________ that he refused to help us, there is no reason why we should now help them.A. Being seenB. SeeC. SeenD. SeeingB. take outC. take upD. take overB.14.________ against nature for a mother to hurt her own child.A. She isB. That isC. What isD. It is15.Tom ____ the shopkeeper of overcharging him for the things he had bought.A. scoldedB. accusedC. blamedD. criticized16.Electrical energy _____ from the sun in a roundabout way is the most widely used energy today.A. comeB. to comeC. comingD. having come17.It is important to remember the saying that _______ is better than cure.A. proportionB. promotionC. permissionD. prevention18. With all this work on hand, He ______ to the cinema last night.A. wouldn’t have goneB. mustn’t have goneC. shouldn’t have goneD. needn’t have gone19. Jack was so ___ the computer game that he didn’t notice my arrival.A. grateful B absorber in C. thoughtful of D. associated withB. ifC. orD. so（4）1.The two boys had so_____ in common that they soon became good fiends.A. littleB. fewC. muchD. many2.The medicine is harmful to the children. Y ou must put it ___ the reach of the them.A. beyondB. withinC. besidesD. beneath3.He takes a walk along the river after supper every day _____ his health.A. because ofB. for the interest ofC. for the profit ofD. for the sake of4.The first, second and third prizes went to Jack, Tom and Henry __________.A.differentlyB. respectivelyC. equallyD. particularly5.It is reported that yesterday’s traffic accident _____ the death of five passengers.A. resulted fromB. resulted inC. regarded asD. responded to6.Some information you need for writing the essay is freely _______ on the Internet.C. availableD. abstract7.The little girl who found the ring received a generous ______ of one hundred dollars.A. awardB. priceC. rewardD. praise8.Drinking a lot of water and taking plenty of sleep are often regarded as ____ for a cold.A. operationsB. correctionsC. meansD. remedies9.The old couple decided to _____ a boy though they already had three of their own.A. adoptB. adaptC. bringD. receive10.When he was asked about the missing camera, Jimmy ______ ever seeing it.A. deniedB. opposedC. refusedD. complained11.People in cities _______ to suffer from stress more than people in the countryside.A. turnB. inclineC. tendD. intend12.The committee has decided that the race would continue ______ the wealth.A. regardless ofB. instead ofC. by means of13.Everyone here, including children and old people, ______ in for sports.A. goB. goesC. goingD. to go14.Never in China ____ been interested in studying foreign languages.A. so many people haveB. have so many peopleC. did so many peopleD. have very many people15.I’ve never been to Lijiang, but it s the place_________.A. where I’d like to visit itB. that I want to visit it mostC. in which I’d like to visitD. I most want to visit16. Y ou can go anywhere until ____ your homework.A. you’d finishedB. you finishC. you’ll finishD. you’ve finished17. Y ou_________ your classmates if you had made an effort last term.A. had caught up withB. would catch up withC. would have caught up withD. have caught up with18.I’m going out to buy ____ furniture. Will you come along?A. one or twoB. a fewC. a small amount ofD. one or two pieces of19.The lab ____ next year will be advanced than the old one.A. to be builtB. builtC. being built .20. Excuse me, but it is time to have your temperature ________.A. to takeB. takenC. takeD. taking（5）1. Mr. Jones accepted our suggestion and tried every means to ____ himself to his new conditionsA)suit B)adapt C)adopt D)regulate2. The ____ of having one’s marr iage arranged by parents has disappeared in many parts of the world but continues in some Asian and African countriesA)content B)custom C)current D) context3. Computers of this type make the home an ______ place to work in many cases.A) efficient B)effective C)affected D)affective4. Although it was very difficult for him to finish the task, he was ___ to ask for help.A) reluctant B)impossible C)impatient D)reliable5. Cindy’s parents give her everything she asks for, and as a result, she’s very much_____.A) injured B)harmed C)spoilt D)hurt6. The old-fashioned chair in the living room has been____ in the family. It was my grandmother’s originally.A)hand over B)handed out C)handed in D)handed down7. He told us to use our dict ionaries to _____any word we didn’t understand.A)look for B)look out C)look up D)look at8. Young children may run around and make a lot of noise. Actually they are acting ___ for their age.A)doubtfully B)appropriately C)conveniently D)elementarily9. The fierce competition in this trade gets ____of this enterprise’s development.A)by the way B)in a way C)in the way D)on the way10. We have ____ to the government for a home improvement loan.A)appointed B)approached C)arranged D)applied11. The Americans and British not only speak the same language but also ___a large number of social customs.A)appreciate B)join C)share D)associate12. In recent years, the tourist industry has ______ greatly to the development of our country’s economy.A) benefited B) supported C) contributed D) assisted13. It was because the applicant was too self-confident ___he failed in the interview.A)that B)therefore C)so D)benefited14. Liu Xiang was awarded a gold medal in the world championships. He ____ a lot of hard training.C)should experienceD)must experience15. A good writer is _____ who can express the commonplace in an uncommon way.A)that B)it C)this D)one16. If the whole operation _____beforehand, a great deal of time and money would have been lost.A)was not plannedB)had not been plannedC)were not plannedD)has not been planned17. We think ____impossible for them to finish their assignment in such a short time.A)it B) what C)this D)that18. Dr. Smith, together with his wife and two sons, _____to arrive on the evening flight.A)is B)are going C)are D)will be19. No sooner______ home than he was asked to start on another journey.A)Jack arrived B) Jack had arrived C) would jack arrive D)had Jack arrived20. ___ another chance, I will certainly pass the driving test.A)Give B)Giving C)To give D)Given。

词汇学练习参考答案I. Some of the following statements are true, and others are false. Mark your answer by writing T or F in the bracket at the end of each sentences.1. T2. F3. F4. T5. F6. F7. T8. T9. F 10. F 11. T 12. F 13. T 14. F15. T 16. T 17. T 18. T 19. F 20. F 21. F 22. F 23. T 24. F 25. F 26. T27. T 28. F 29. F 30. F 31. T 32. F 33. F 34. T 35.T 36. F 37. F 38. F 39. F40. T 41. F 42. T 43. F 44. T 45. F 46. F 47. T 48. T 49. F 50. T 51. T 52. F53. F 54. T 55. F 56. T 57. T 58. F 59. F 60. T 61. T 62. T 63. F 64. T 65. T66. F 67. T 68. F 69. T 70. T 71. F 72. F 73. T 74. T 75. F 76. T 77. T 78. F79. T 80. F 81. T 82. T 83. T 84. F 85. T 86. T 87. T 88. F 89. T 90. F 91. T92. F 93. F 94. T 95. F 96. T 97. T 98. T 99. F 100. F 101. T 102. T 103. T104. T 105. F 106. T 107. T 108. T 109. F 110. F 111. F 112. T 113. T 114. T115. F 116. F 117. T 118. T 119. F 120. F 121. T 122. F 123. F 124. F 125. T126. F 127. FII. The following are multiple-choice questions. Mark your answer by circling A, B, C, or D which best completes the sentence.1. C2. B3. A4. B5. D6. B7. D8. B9. B 10. D 11. A 12. D 13. A 14. A15. B 16. C 17. C 18. B 19. D 20. D 21. A 22. D 23. B 24. C 25. B 26. A27. A 28. B 29. C 30. B 31. B 32. D 33. C 34. D 35. C 36. B 37. A 38. B39. B 40. B 41. B 42. C 43. B 44. C 45. C 46. B 47. C 48. C 49. B 50. D51. D 52. B 53. C 54. A 55. A 56. B 57. B 58. C 59. A 60. D 61. D 62. A63. D 64. C 65. B 66. A 67. A 68. D 69. C 70. D 71. D 72. D 73. A 74. D75. D 76. A 77. C 78. A 79. D 80. D 81. B 82. D 83. D 84. D 85. B 86. A87. B 88. C 89. C 90. A 91. B 92. C 93. B 94. A 95. C 96. D 97. D 98. B99. B 110. C 101. A 102. A 103. B 104. B 105. C 106. C 107. DIII. 连线题Section A1. J2. A3. B4. H5. E6. D7. F8. I9. G 10. CSection B1. G2. E3. H4. F5. I6. C7. B8. J9. A 10. DSection C1. D2. B3. E4. G5. A6. C7. F8. I9. J 10. HIV. 填空题Section A1. aliens2. intrinsic3. Denizens4. common5. stable6. Conversion7. polysemy8. compounding9. pejorative 10. Reference 11. arbitrary12. imperfect 13. reversative 14. French 15. lexical 16. extension/generalization 17. 1500Section B18. mositure 19. rigid 20. deserted 21. innocent 22. old-fshioned 23. loosen 24. completely 25. similarity 26. indifferent 27. fruitful 28. special 29. essential 30. depressed/sadV. Complete the following sentences by choosing phrases from the list and using them in their proper forms.Section A31. stood out against 32. approve of 33. get over with 34. looking into35. come up with 36. comply with 37. cashed in on 38. go without39. will profit by/from 40. put down toSection B41. close 42. cold 43. narrow 44. cardinal 45. burning 46. capital47. circumstantial 48. cool 49. double-minded 50. fair 51. green-eyed52. happy 53. hollow 54. open-ended 55. random 56. roundVI.1. b2. i3. c4. f5. a6. h7. e8. d9. g 10. j 11. r 12. p 13.s 14. k 15. o 16. m 17. l 18. n 19. qIX分析题（问题）1. As homonyms are identical in sound or spelling, particularly homophones, they are often employed to create puns for desired effect of, say, humor, sarcasm or ridicule. Consider the following conversation that takes place between a waitress and a customer in a restaurant: “You are not eating the fish,” the waitress said to him, “Anything wrong with it?”“Long time no sea,” the man replied.答案：Long time no see is usually said as a form of greeting between two friends when they meet after a long time of separation. Here the customer cleverly employed the structure of the idiom tohis advantage to criticize in a humorous way the bad quality of the food served at the restaurant. Long time no sea implies that the “sea food kept for a long time is not fit for eating.”（问题）2. Collocation can affect the meaning of words答案：Collocation refers to the words before or after the word in discussion, and collocative meaning consists of the associations the word acquires in its collocation. Words with the same conceptual meaning may have different meanings due to the range of words they may collocate with. In other words, collocation can affect the meanings of words. For example, “pretty”and “handsome” share the conceptual meaning of “good looking”, but are distinguished by the range of nouns they collocate with: pretty girl (boy/woman/flower) and handsome man (car/airline, etc.).（问题）3. The “pen” is mightier than the “sword”.Explain what “pen” and “sword” mean respectively using the theory of motivation.答案：(1). Motivation accounts for the connection between the linguistic symbol and its meaning.(2). Semantic motivation, one of the four major types of motivation, explains the connection between the literal sense and figurative sense of the word. (3). In this sentence, “pen” reminds one of the tool to write with, thus suggesting writing; “sword” reminds one of the weapon to fight with, thus suggesting war.（问题）4. Connotative meaning is not stable. Comment on this statement with one example.答案：(1).Connotative meaning, known as connotation, refers to the overtones or associations suggested by the conceptual meaning. (2). Connotative meanings are not given in the dictionary, but associated with the word in actual context to particular readers or speakers. Thus they are unstable, varying considerably according to culture, historical period and the experience of the individual. (3). For example, the word “home” may remind one child of warmth, safety or love, while to another child who is often scolded or beaten at home, it may mean indifference, hatred, or even hell.（问题）5. Grammatical meaning, lexical meaning, stylistic meaning, affective meaning, connotative meaning, collocative meaning, conceptual meaning, associative meaning, denotative meaning, formal, neutral, informal, appreciative, pejorative答案：Meaning—grammatical meaning—lexical meaning—conceptual meaning(denotative meaning)—associative meaning—connotative meaning—collocative meaning—stylistic meaning(formal, neutral, informal)—affective meaning(appreciative, pejorative)（问题）6. Analyze the morphological structures of the following words and point out the types of the morphemes.recollection, nationalist, unearthly答案：(1). Each of the three words consists of three morphemes, recollection (re+collection), nationalist (nation+al+ist), unearthly (un+earth+ly).(2). Of the nine morphemes, only “collect”, “nation” and “earth” are free morphemes as theycan exist by themselves.(3) All the rest re-, -ion, -al, -ist, un- and-ly are bound as none of them can stand alone aswords.（问题）7. Analyze and comment on the following.He has been sick since this fall.Tell what “sick” and “fall” mean respectively and explain why they take on those meanings in modern American English.答案：(1). ”sick” means “ill” and “fall” means “autumn” in present American English;(2). These words no longer have such meanings in presnet British English;(3). American English has revived the old meaning of “sick” and that of “fall”. This is therevival of archaic or obsolete words.（问题）8. Find blends from the following sentence and give the explanation of which types of blendings they belong to respectively.“There is a set of hi-fi in the motel. ”答案：(1). Blends: hi+fi=high+fidelity, motel=motor+hotel;(2). hi+fi: head+head, motel: head+tail.（问题）9. Explain the rhetoric use of homonyms in B’s speech. Give the two possible Chinese translations.A. “What color would you paint the sun and the wind?”B. “The sun rose and the wind blue.”答案：(1). Rose can be defined in two ways: color of rose and the past form of the verb rise.(2). Blue in two ways too: the color blue and the past form of the verb blow (in pronunciation).a). 粉红的太阳，蓝色的风。

Unit 1 Environmental ProtectionText AVocabularyA.Fill in the blanks in the following sentences with the words listed in the box. Change theforms of these words if necessary.1. surroundings2. organisms3. patch4. stark5. spell6. misfortune7. film8. vernacularB.Fill in the blanks in the following passage with the words in the box. Make changeswherever necessary.1. throbbing2. variety3. migrants4. disturb5. be droning6. creeping7. prosperous8. substantial9. applying 10. witheredC.Rewrite the following sentences with the help of the phrases and expressions in the box.The italicized part in each sentence may be of help in your task.1. She paid a visit to the Napo River in the heart of the Ecuadorian jungle.2. Though we both major in biology science, my husband's taste is not in harmony with mine as his happens to be the world of animals while mine the minute organisms.3. Much to our fear, something seemed to be creeping in the midst of the thicket.4. Their opinions vary as whether to apply death penalty to the illegal hunting of some precious species. Unit 2 FriendsText AVocabularyA.Fill in the blanks in the following sentences with the words listed in the box. Change theforms of these words if necessary.1. bequeathed2. testament3. hereby4. reputation5. solemnly6. infection7. giggled8. good-for-nothing9. expression 10. impatient 11. inherit 12. monotoneB.Fill in the blanks in the following passage with the words in the box. Make changeswherever necessary.1. funeral2. relatives3. posh4. fortune5. resume6. expectantly7. solemnly8. ridiculously9. invested 10. soundC.Rewrite the following sentences with the help of the phrases and expressions in the box.The italicized part in each sentence may be of help in your task.1. Our head office will put you in touch with a branch of our company in your area.2. Some people laughed so hard that stomach contractions caused them to double up with laughter.3. A wo man who wouldn’t commit a murder might be willing to help cover up after it had been committed.4. It’d be fun, after the situation in Europe settles down, to take a trip over to France.5. What went through Carol’s mind I can’t imagine, but he did manage to keep a straight face.6. Colin’s obliged to take his turn at reading out the announcements.7. The rain remained steady though the wind had died down.8. Henry’s collection of wealth has been built up over the last seventeen years.9. To her astonishment, he was already deeply in debt through gambling losses.10. There were cheers for each of the women as they spoke in turn.Unit 3 Under PressureText AVocabularyA.Fill in the blanks in the following sentences with the words listed in the box. Change theforms of these words if necessary.1. taste2. odd3. spot4. conceivably5. bitterness6. embarrassed7. mothering8. missed9. favorite 10. replace 11. survive 12. accuratelyB.Fill in the blanks in the following passage with the words in the box. Make changeswherever necessary.1. researching2. replacement3. compete4. executive5. deceased6. overweight7. perfect8. suit9. marketable 10. care forC.Rewrite the following sentences with the help of the phrases and expressions in the box.The italicized part in each sentence may be of help in your task.1. If a simple earache is not properly cared for, a permanent hearing injury may result.2. I pick out my parents quite easily in the old photos.3. Once we get these few problems straightened out, we should be all right.4. He grabbed at the falling child, and was just quick enough to draw him out of the path of a truck.5. When the authorities made inquiries about his background, they found he had a criminal record.6. On Saturdays he always stayed up to watch a film for relaxation.7. The company expects hard work, but refuses to work its employees to death.8. It was in November of last year that he began to take drugs. He sold all his property to stay in grass and food.Unit 4 CelebritiesText AVocabularyA.Fill in the blanks in the following sentences with the words listed in the box. Change theforms of these words if necessary.1. fathom2. dismay3. admirable4. tribute5. staggering6. accomplished7. collaborated8. amateur9. essence 10. stationary 11. vestige 12. instinctivelyB.Fill in the blanks in the following passage with the words in the box. Make changeswherever necessary.1. gravitation2. revolutionized3. daringly4. cherished5. equation6. simplicity7. insuperable8. cosmic9. fathom 10. admirableC.Rewrite the following sentences with the help of the phrases and expressions in the box.The italicized part in each sentence may be of help in your task.1. The villagers were in awe of Mrs. Keller.2. The price of water in the rural area rose dramatically due to a lack of rain.3. When John missed the train, he kicked himself for not having left earlier.4. It’s easy to sum up the government’s current financial policy—there is n’t any.5. They set their kids at ease during the thunderstorm by reading them fairy tales.6. As the word was repeated over and over again, it began to take on a different meaning.7. The way her stepmother treated her was akin to the worst kind of torture.8. With six players on the injury list, the team is up against great difficulty in the following three matches. Unit 5 WarsText AVocabularyA.Fill in the blanks in the following sentences with the words listed in the box. Change theforms of these words if necessary.1. sober2. entertaining3. sentimentalizing4. stalk5. slope6. sever7. scar8. amputations9. offensive 10. bizarre 11. sacrificing 12. proneB.Fill in the blanks in the following passage with the words in the box. Make changeswherever necessary.1. enlisted2. draft3. remarkable4. twisted5. ferociously6. rude7. heal8. guilt9. cause promise 11. causeC.Rewrite the following sentences with the help of the phrases and expressions in the box.The italicized part in each sentence may be of help in your task.1. Some economists attribute the economic recovery to the improved consumer confidence.2. The president of the company is prone to anger when his men disagree with him.3. Will you be able to line up some remarkable entertainers for our show?4. My father reached out and picked up the small dog.5. The two boys who were fighting glared at each other, while other students looked on with amusement.6. After a year of declining profits, the company is finally beginning to see the light at the end of the tunnel.7. The two sisters were arguing furiously, with their aunt standing by and trying to smooth the quarrel over.8. When he opened the letter, her fine and romantic handwriting leaped out at him.Unit 6 PioneersText AVocabularyA.Fill in the blanks in the following sentences with the words listed in the box. Change theforms of these words if necessary.1. speculate2. accomplish3. indomitable4. acquired5. intertwined6. perished, appetites7. undesirable8. crave9. reckon 10. resemble 11. lotB.Fill in the blanks in the following passage with the words in the box. Make changeswherever necessary.1. unknown2. frontier3. tough4. indomitable5. had settled6. reach7. key8. harvested9. basic 10. accomplishC.Rewrite the following sentences with the help of the phrases and expressions in the box.The italicized part in each sentence may be of help in your task.1. Many young people left their hometown because they were led to believe that it was easier to make good in a new place.2. The film is about how a rich and beautiful girl falls in love with a criminal on the run from the FBI.3. Young people prefer to lead a mobile life rather than stay put.4. Although it is common to see in a film how a good-for-nothing amounted to much in the end, it is rarely the case in reality.5. It is amazing that the pioneers have created a whole new world from next to nothing.6. Is it true that a tramp who rose to the top with a stroke of luck could go broke someday?7. On the train to the west, he kept speculating on what was awaiting him in the remote place.8. Although abundant wealth lay in the West, those who came in search of an easy fortune would certainly be disappointed.Unit 7 HistoryText AVocabularyA.Fill in the blanks in the following sentences with the words listed in the box. Change theforms of these words if necessary.1. grisly2. identify3. massive4. recruit5. estimated6. decimated7. due8. remains9. unrelenting 10. perpetualB.Fill in the blanks in the following passage with the words in the box. Make changeswherever necessary.1. aspect2. imploring3. banished4. exposure5. depravity6. brutality7. captured8. stake9. hysteria 10. etchedC.Rewrite the following sentences with the help of the phrases and expressions in the box.The italicized part in each sentence may be of help in your task.1. He fell into the ditch in an attempt to jump over it.2. Upon the successful return of Shenzhou V, the headline news of almost all the newspapers was focused on it.3. The government’s reform would have been put behind schedule without the mass demonstration.4. This building takes its name from Lijiacheng, who donated the necessary money for its construction.5. In some cases, religious or ethnic conflicts may lead to bloody wars.6. Mrs. Smith found it hard to live cheek to jowl with her mother-in-law.7. In addition to parental pressure, many college students today suffer from economic pressure as a result of the increasing college tuition and fees.8. The black slaves’ burial ground should be in this area, but the researchers failed to pin down its exact location.。

成人英语三级词汇语法过关练习附答案成人英语三级词汇语法过关练习附答案英语，作为成人高考中较为重要的考试科目，在复习的过程中当然也是必不可少的，以下是店铺整理的成人英语三级词汇语法过关练习附答案，希望对大家有所帮助。

成人英语三级词汇语法过关练习附答案篇11. In the wife’s eyes, his _____ to their marriage life is far from perfect.A) requirement B) commitment C) participation D) reflection2. In the event of SARS, some _____ it while others lost their courage to do anything about it.A) came up to B) lived up to C) faced up to D) caught up to3. Experts have _____ with some effective measures to prevent the disease from spreading.A) caught up B) put up C) come up D) kept up4. If people feel hopeless, they don’t bother to _____ the skills they need to succeed.A) require B) inquire C) acquire D) enquire5. As a result of his hard work, he has gained ______ to the Beijing University.A) admission B) commitment C) opportunity D) reward6. In the advanced course students must take performance tests at monthly ____.A) gaps B) lengths C) distances D) intervals7. Only when one is ______ of one’s getting behind is one more likely to catch up.A) critical B) aware C) visual D) effective8. He had a ____ look in his eyes. He must have been shocked.A) empty B) bare C) blank D) hollow9. As an ideal _____ to the spread of SARS, this medicine is now in great demand.A) barrier B) commitment C) challenge D) access10. When her business goes wrong, she tends to _____ for advice.A) get access to B) come across C) reach out D) speak up参考答案1-10：BCCCADBCAC成人英语三级词汇语法过关练习附答案篇21. If you play with electricity, you may get an electric ____________.A) strike B) beat C) shock D) knock2. A ____________change in policy is needed if relations are ever to improve.A) strict B) wide C) ever D) radical3. They bought the land with a __________to build a new office block.A) purpose B) view C) goal D) reason4. The governess agreed to teach the temperamental child ____________ she was given complete authority.A) whether B) for C) that D) provided5. The farmer used wood to build a house ____________ to store grain.A) with B) in which C) which D) where答案与解析：1. C)本题同样没有必要辨析四个选项的意思，只要知道“电击”是electric shock就够了。

1、American women were ________ the right to vote until 1920 after many years of hard struggle.1.A. ignored2.B. neglected3.C. denied4.D. refused2、The antonym of soft is in “a ________ voice”and in “a ________ cushion”.1.A. rough, hard2.B. rough, rough3.C. hard, rough4.D. hard, hard3、The figure of speech employed in “My father is a sanitary engineer”is _________.1.A. hyperbole2.B. euphemism3.C. litotes4.D. metonymy4、Mrs. Smith is afraid that she and her husband don’t see _________ on New Year Resolutions.1.A. face to face2.B. eye to eye3.C. back to back4.D. heart to heart5、Among the synonymous group, old man, daddy, dad, father and male parent, _______would most probably used by a lawyer in the court.1.A. dad2.B. old man3.C. father4.D. male parent6、Our teacher is now not with us. Aha! When the ________ is away, the ________ will play.1.A. tiger, monkeys2.B. cat, mice3.C. hawk, birds4.D. old, young7、I could give an opinion ________, but I would rather think about it.1.A. off the sleeve2.B. off the cuffs3.C. off the cuff4.D. off the sleeves8、Choked traffic has been a(n) ________ to urban transportation system.1.A. archenemy2.B. primary enemy3.C. main enemy4.D. major enemy9、Which one of the following abbreviations means “and so on”? ________.1.A. i.e.2.B. e.g.3.C. etc.4.D. viz.10、“ex-”in ex-husband reads ________ and means _______.1.A. /iks/, “out”2.B. /iks/, “former”3.C. /eks/, “out”4.D. /eks/, “former”11、Our work calls for mutual support. We shouldn’t ________ each other's efforts.1.A. activate2.B. interact3.C. counteract4.D. active12、I am not sure whether I should fly to London or take the train. I’m really caught between two ________.1.A. choices2.B. options3.C. alternatives4.D. stools13、Hey! Don’t sit there and count your ________. You need to work really hard.1.A. chicken2.B. chickens3.C. duck4.D. ducks14、The figure of speech employed in “The past is a bucket of ashes”is _________.1.A. metaphor2.B. euphemism3.C. irony4.D. litotes15、When the crowd saw the prize-fighter stretched out on the canvas, shouts and cheers ________ from it.1.A. broke up2.B. b roke forth3.C. broke through4.D. break upon16、persona non grata means ________.1.A. someone who is not acceptable or welcome2.B. someone who is slim3.C. someone who does not take the leading role4.D. someone who has graduated with no degree17、The figure of speech employed in “I haven’t seen you for ages”is ________.1.A. metaphor2.B. hyperbole3.C. irony4.D. metonymy18、Communication is the process of ________ a message from a source to an audience via a channel.1.A. transmitting2.B. submitting3.C. transforming4.D. switching19、Johnson had already ________ in an intimate book.1.A. thrown out the beans2.B. thrown out his beans3.C. spilled the beans4.D. spilled his beans20、Free medical treatment in this country covers sickness of mind as well as ________ sicknesses.1.A. normal2.B. ordinary3. C. average4. D. regular21、For an English word, the shift of stress may indicate a change of part of speech; export is a perfect exampleT22、dies, died, dying, dead, etc. are different word forms of the same lexeme DIE.F23、The figurative use of words is an important cause for words to develop new meaningsT24、An idiom is semantically integrated, thus an idiom cannot be understood even if you know all its componentsF25、In the sentence, “More hands are needed on the farm”, metonymy is employedT26、air-conditioner is a word derived from adding -er to air-conditionF27、house is the superordinate of wall, roof, floor, etc.F28、According to cognitive semantics, our mind can be explored via the study of linguistic meaningsT29、Word equivalents are a necessary part for lexicology and all phrases fall within the range of lexicologyT30、Compared with horse, gee-gee is stylistically more formal.F31、In standard AmE, the letter r is pronounced wherever it appears as in bar, board, park, etcT32、The most important role for derivation is word class transformation.T33、Lexical semantics is not only a subset of lexicology, but also a subset of semantics.T34、“sense”, as a term in semantics, denotes the relationship between words within language.T36、Celtic is a branch of the Indo-European Language Family.F37、de-urbanization is a word composed of 5 morphemes, all of which are bound onesF38、Human languages have originated from human’s natural cries for pain, anger and joy, etcF39、The word nice has gone through a semantic change called “generalizationF40、Answering the question “Will you marry me?”with “Yes, I will”, the speaker is usingsubstitutionF35、Absolute synonyms are not easy to found in any language41、Define the following term and give examples when needed.lexemeLexeme is an abstract unit of meaning with all its grammatical inflectional endings wiped out. Most of the words listed in the dictionary are lexemes42、Define the following term and give examples when needed.grammarGrammar is a set of rules or regularities applied to form complex expressions via simpler ones.43、Define the following term and give examples when needed.polysemyPolysemy refers to semantic phenomenon where a single word or phrase has several meanings.44、Define the following term and give examples when needed.generalizationGeneralization refers to the extension of the word range, or the widening of the semantic scope.45、Define the following term and give examples when needed.context of situationContext of situation refers to the immediate environment of the text.46、Define the following term and give examples when needed.function wordA function word is a word that contributes to the major structure of a sentence. It belongs to the close-classelements of the vocabulary of a given language in the sense that their numbers is small and fixed.47、Define the following term and give examples when needed.clippingClippings are forms abbreviated from larger words but share a common function with words they are clippedfrom.48、Define the following term and give examples when needed.affixAn affix is the morpheme added to a root and contributes to the meaning of a word as a whole.Forexample,"dis-" in "dishonest" is an affix.49、Answer the following question with appropriate illustration.What are the characteristics of native element in English vocabulary?The following are the 7 general characteristics of native (Aglo-Saxon) elements:1. All-national character. Native element is shared by all the native speakers, regardless of whether he is a king under the crown, a fisherman on the sea or a vagrant on the street.2. Monosyllabicity. Most of the native element in Modem English has only one syllable. e.g. sun, cow, go, run, etc.3. Productivity. Most of the native elements are monosyllabic or root words and are semantically basic. Thus, they are productive in the sense that clusters of words are derived or compounded from them. For example, the word hand, has brought such derivatives and compounds as handy, handle, handkerchief, handiwork, handicraft, handful, handbook, handbarrow, handcuff, etc.4. Collocational extensiveness. The native element has a wide range of collocation. Many native words enter quite a number of expressions, idioms, phrases and proverbial sayings. For example, the word heel is found in the following units: Achilles’ heel (a vulnerable point), heel over head or head over heels (upside down), cool one’s heels (be kept waiting), show a clean pair of heels, take to one’s heels (run away),turn on one’s heels (turn sharply round), etc.5. Semantic polysemy. The native words are highly polysemic because they have gonethrough semantic changes due to their frequent use in daily life. For example, the verb tell conveys the following meanings: make known, express, explain, utter, confide in order, distinguish, count, reveal, scold, etc.6. High-frequency value. The native element forms the bulk of the most frequent elements used in any style of speech. Every writer uses considerably more native words than borrowed ones. Corpus investigations show that about 90 percent of the words in Shakespeare’s works and 94 percent of words in King James Bible are native words.7. Stylistic neutrality. Most native words are stylistically neutral and are equally fit to be used in a lecture, a poem, or when speaking to a child. This can be observed by a simple comparison, for example begin (neutral) vs. commence (formal).50、Answer the following question with appropriate illustration.What is the context and its role in shaping word meaning?Word meaning is sensitive to context, speakers and hearers usually rely heavily on context in constructing and interpreting word meaning. Contextual information can exert two major effects. More specifically, it influences the interpretation of a word, on the one hand, and speeds up lexical access, on the other. In most cases, the contextual aspect plays a crucial role in recognizing the specific meaning of a word.1. Context has the crucial role to resolve ambiguity.e.g. Please give me a hamburger, a cup of cola, and some chips.[a small piece of wood, the potato chip, or electronic circuit]I saw a tattoo of dragon on the back of that naked young guy,The big John has been accustomed to the constant tattoos,Hearing the sound of tattoo, soldiers returned to the quarter as quickly as possible.[tattoo1 a signal sounded on a drum or bugle to summon soldiers or sailors to their quarters at night;tattoo2 a display of military exercises offered as evening entertainment;tattoo3 a design that is drawn on someone’s skin using needles to make little holes and filling them with colored dye.]2. Context gives rise to the joking effect of puns.e.g. A: Why can’t a bicycle stand on its own?B: Because it is two-tired.[a thick piece of rubber of vehicles, to having used a lot of energy and wanting a rest]3. Context is beneficial to the understanding of deixis.There are three major kinds of deixis, that is, person deixis (I, you, we), spatial deixis (here, there), and temporal deixis (now, yesterday).e.g. I didn’t see her yesterday. It only with the contextual information can the reader know whom the personal deixis her refers to. And the same is the case with the deixises in the following example:Only contextual information can provides clues to the understanding of I, her and yesterday.51、Translate the following into Chinese and pay special attention to the bold typed part.His behavior means that you should stay a bit longer他的行为表明，你得再呆一段时间。

英语词汇学第四版课后答案1、———Must I return the book you lent me to you now? ——No, you( ）. You can keep it for another few days. [单选题] *A.can’tB. shouldn'tC. mustn'tD. don, t have to(正确答案)2、1——May I help you? You seem to be having some problems.——_______ , thanks. Ithink I can manage. [单选题] *A. All rightB. No problemC. It’s all right(正确答案)D. There’s no way3、She _______ so much _______ her mother. [单选题] *A. looks; like(正确答案)B. looks; forC. looks; afterD. looks forwards; to4、The hall in our school is _____ to hold 500 people. [单选题] *A. big enough(正确答案)B. enough bigC. very smallD. very big5、How lovely a day,（）? [单选题] *A. doesn't itB. isn't it(正确答案)C.shouldn't itD.hasn't it6、—Tony, it’s cold outside. ______ wear a jacket?—OK, mom.（）[单选题] *A. Why not(正确答案)B. Why don’tC. Why did youD. Why do you7、35．Everyone in China ______ Mid-Autumn Day. [单选题] *A．likes(正确答案)B．likeC．is likingD．are like8、The train is coming. Be ______! [单选题] *A. careful(正确答案)B. carefullyC. carelessD. care9、Study hard, ______ you won’t pass the exam. [单选题] *A. or(正确答案)B. andC. butD. if10、No writer will be considered（）of the name until he writes a work. [单选题] *A. worthlessB. worthy(正确答案)C. worthwhileD. worth11、85．You’d better? ? ? ? ? a taxi, or you’ll be late. [单选题] *A．take(正确答案)B．takingC．tookD．to take12、Boys and girls, please _______ your favorite book here and show it to us next class. [单选题] *A. bring(正确答案)B. sellC. buyD. take13、When you’ve finished with that book, don’t forget to put it back one the shelf, ____? [单选题] *A. do youB. don’t youC. will you(正确答案)D. won’t you14、I’m sorry there are ______ apples in the fridge. You must go and buy some right now.（）[单选题] *A. a littleB. littleC. a fewD. few(正确答案)15、Was（）that I saw last night at the concert? [单选题] *A. it you(正确答案)B. not youC. youD. that yourself16、The（)majority of the members were against the idea. [单选题] *A. substantialB. enormousC. considerable(正确答案)D. overwhelming17、Amy and her best friend often ______ books together.（）[单选题] *A. read(正确答案)B. readsC. is readingD. to read18、一Mary wants to invite you to see the movie today. 一I would rather she（B）me tomorrow. [单选题] *A.tellsB. told (正确答案)C. would tellD. had told19、In winter, animals have a hard time_____anything to eat. [单选题] *A.to findB.finding(正确答案)C.foundD.to finding20、Before leaving the village, he visited the old house _____ he spent his childhood. [单选题] *A in which(正确答案)B. whichC. to whichD at which21、I think ______ time with my friends is fun for me.（）[单选题] *A. spendB. spendC. spending(正确答案)D. spent22、During the Mid-Autumn Festival, family members often gather together _________ ameal, admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes. [单选题] *A. shareB. to share(正确答案)C. having sharedD. shared23、He _______ getting up early. [单选题] *A. used toB. is used to(正确答案)C. is usedD. is used for24、Though the _____ drama is wonderful, I guess most audiences will be tired as it is too long. [单选题] *A. four-hour(正确答案)B. four hoursC. four-hoursD. four-hour's25、Although the story is written for children, it can be read by adult, _____. [单选题] *A. alsoB. eitherC. as wellD. too(正确答案)26、67．—What can I do for you?—I'm looking at that dress.It looks nice.May I ________？[单选题] *A．hold it onB．try it on(正确答案)C．take it offD．get it off27、You should take the medicine after you read the _______. [单选题] *A. linesB. wordsC. instructions(正确答案)D. suggestions28、--Jimmy, you are supposed to?_______ your toys now.--Yes, mom. [单选题] *A. put upB. put onC. put away(正确答案)D. put down29、This message is _______. We are all _______ at it. [单选题] *A. surprising; surprisingB. surprised; surprisedC. surprising; surprised(正确答案)D. surprised; surprising30、The Spring Festival is on the way.Many shops have _______ huge posters with the word sales. [单选题] *A. put up(正确答案)B. put onC. put outD. put off。

大学英语三级词汇练习参考答案UNIT 6 BCCAB ADDDB CCDCB DACDDUNIT 7 BACBA DCCDB ACADD ACBDCUNIT 8 ABACC DABAA BACDC DBCBCUNIT 9 DBDAC CDCBC CBDAC CBAADUNIT 10 DCBAC BDDBA ACDAD BDACBUNIT 6 BCCAB ADDDB CCDCB DACDDB 有抵抗力的C 抵得住C 明智的A把···装入信封B 预防措施A手动的D weather forecast 天气预报D 事件D be opposed to 反对···B 精确C 精美的C 系··系安全带D 不知道的C 滥用B 使加速D 手工的体力的A茂盛C a minute fraction of 一点一点的D 留住D exceed the speed limit 超速UNIT 7 BACBA DCCDB ACADD ACBDCB 预料A打折C 循环B 高涨A投递D 喷C bankrupt in reputation 名誉扫地C 书页空白处D 发起B 释放A追逐C 竞争对手A不考虑D 无聊D 驯服A征服C 改变B 相当大的D 匍匐C 鞭策UNIT 8 ABACC DABAA BACDC DBCBCA fatal 致命的B prohibit 禁止A in the wake of 随着···而来C DRAFT 草稿C deliberate 深思熟虑的D regardless of 不论A resemble 像B split 分开A dispose of 处理掉A mount 上升B breed 繁殖A conservative 守旧的C constitute 构成D voluntary 自愿的C resumed 重新开始D advantage 利用B reproducing 再造C artificial 人工的B reflection 深思熟虑（反射）C consent 准许To be verified被证实B candidate[ˈkændideit] n.候选人D sting[stiŋ]v. (感到)剧痛；激怒stung her guture husband’s pride 刺痛他未婚夫的骄傲···A exposure[ikˈspəuʒə]n.暴露，exposure to the wind 暴露在风中C shield them from ```保护他们免受阳光伤害C consultant 顾问D signature 签名C cited 引用B calls for 提倡C shed some light on···对某一问题有解决办法C bearing[ˈbeəriŋ] n.举止，风度[ pl.]方位，方向感Have some bearing on our decision 对我们的决定有影响B dispute[disˈpju:t] n.争论，争端There is some dispute over 关于···争吵D pressure[ˈpreʃə] n.压(力)，压强；压迫Be under pressure 有压力A forge[fɔ:dʒ]vt.伪造(文件等)，假冒Forge his brother’s signature 伪造他兄弟的签名C enforce[inˈfɔ:s]vt.实施，生效，执行；强迫，迫使Enforce moral duties on those who```对那些倾向于忽视道德责任的人强行实施道德责任。

《英语词汇学教程》参考答案(注：参考答案仅供参考。

有些题目的答案并非是唯一的)Chapter 11. The three definitions agree that lexicology studies words. Y et, they have different focuses. Definition 1 focuses on the meaning and uses of words, while definition 2 on the overall structure and history. Definition 3 regards lexicology as a branch of linguistics and focuses on the semantic structure of the lexicon. It is interesting to note that the three definitions uses different names for the object of study. For Definition 1, it is words, for Definition 2 the vocabulary of a language, and for Definition 3 the lexicon.2. (1) They can go into the room, and if they like, shut the door.(2) Y ou boys are required to give in your homework before 10 o‘clock.(3) I watch the football match happily and find it very interesting.3. (1) when it follows ‗-t‘ and ‗-d‘, it is pronounced as [id];(2) when it follows voiceless consonants, it is pronounced as [t];(3) when it follows voiced consonants and vowels, it is pronounced as [d].4. (1)They are words that can be included in a semantic field of ―tree‖.(2)They represent the forms of the verb ―fly‖ and have a common meaning.(3)They belong to a lexical field of ‗telephone communication‘..(4)They are synonyms, related to human visual perception. Specifically, they denote variouskinds of ―looking‖.5. (a) ‗blackboard: a board with a dark smooth surface, used in schools for writing with chalk (the primary stress in on black) ; ‗blackbird: a particular kind of bird, which may not necessarily be black in colour (the primary stress in on black); ‗greyhound: a slender, swift dog with keen sight (the primary stress in on black), ‗White House: the residence of the US President in Washington (the primary stress in on black). 0(b) black ‗board: any board which is black in colour (both words receive primary stress); black ‗bird: any bird which is black in colour (both words receive primary stress); grey ‗hound: any hound that is grey in colour (both words receive primary stress); ‗white ‗house: any house that is painted white (both words receive primary stress).6. There are 44 orthographic words, i.e. sequences of letters bounded by space. There are 24 open class words and 20 closed class words.7. (a) The ‗bull‘ is literal, referring to a male bovine animal.(b) ‗Take the bull by the horn‘ is an idiom, meaning ‗(having the courage to) deal with someoneor something directly.(c) ‗Like a bull in a china shop‘is an idiom, meaning doing something with too muchenthusiasm or too quickly or carelessly in a way that may damage things or upset someone.(d) A‗bull market‘is one where prices rise fast because there is a lot of buying of shares inanticipation of profits.8. cup, mug, glass, tumbler, tankard, goblet, bowl, beaker, wineglass, beer glass, sherry glass They can be organized in a number of ways, for example, by the drinks the vessel is used for.Non-alcoholic: glass, tumbler, cup, mug, beaker, bowlBeer: beer glass, tankardWine: wineglass, gobletSpirits: sherry glassChapter 21.Lexeme is an abstract linguistic unit with different variants, for example, sing as against sang,sung.Morpheme is the ultimate grammatical constituent, the smallest meaningful unit of language.For example, moralizers is an English word composed of four morphemes: moral+lize+er+s.Any concrete realization of a morpheme in a given utterance is called a morph, such as cat, chair, -ing, -s, etc.Allomorphs are the alternate phonetic forms of the same morpheme, for example, [t], [d] and [id] are allomorphs of the past tense morpheme in English.2. quick-ly, down-stair-s, four-th, poison-ous, weak-en,world-wide, inter-nation-al-ly, in-ject, pro-trude3. island, surname, disclose, duckling, cranberry,reading, poets, flavourfulness, famous, subvert4.(a)[ ə](b)[ -ai]5. (1) –‗s, -s(2) -est, -s(3) –ing(4) –ed6. The connotations are as follows:(1) slang, carrying the connotation of reluctance, (2)informal, carrying the connotation that the speaker is speaking to a child, (3) beastie is used to a small animal in Scotland, carrying the connotation of disgust, (4) carrying the connotation of formalness, (5) carrying the connotation of light-heartedness.7. { -əm; ～- n; ～- n; ～-i: ～-s; ～-z; ～-iz}8. court: polysemy dart: polysemyfleet: homonymy jam: homonymypad: homonymy steep: homonymystem: homonymy stuff: polysemywatch: polysemy9. (1)—(f), (2)—(g), (3)—(c), (4)—(e), (5)—(a), (6)—(d), (7)—(b)10.(1) unpractical(2) break(3) impractical(4) rout(5) pedals(6) Route(7) razeChapter 31.The history of English can be divided into four periods: the Old, Middle, Early middle andModern English periods.In Old English period, there is a frequent use of coinages known as ‗kennings‘, which refers to vivid figurative descriptions often involving compounds. The absence of a wide-ranging vocabulary of loanwords force people to rely more on word-formation processes based on native elements. The latter period of Old English was characterized by the introduction of a number of ‗loan translations‘. Grammatical relationships in Old English were expressed by the use of inflectional endings. And Old English is believed to contain about 24,000 different lexical items.In Middle English period, English grammar and vocabulary changed greatly. In grammar, English changed from a highly inflected language to an analytic language. In vocabulary English was characterized by the loss of a large part of the Old English word-stock and the addition of thousands of words from French and Latin.In Early Modern English period, English vocabulary grew very fast through extensive borrowing and expansion of word-formation patterns. And there was a great many semantic changes, as old words acquire new meanings.Modern English is characterized with three main features of unprecedented growth of scientific vocabulary, the assertion of American English as a dominant variety of the language, and the emergence of other varieties known as ‗New Englishes‘.2.appeareth in (a) becomes appeared in (b), and dreame becomes dream. The passive weredeparted becomes the active had gone. With the change of word forms, (b) looks simple morphologically.3.barf: American slang kerchief: French mutton: Frenchcadaver: Latin goober: Kongo leviathan: Latinginseng: Chinese taffy: North American kimono: Japanesewhisky: Irish caddy: Malay sphere: Latinalgebra: Arabic giraffe: African4.t rain: meaning changed from the trailing part of a gown to a wide range of extendedmeanings.deer: meaning narrowed from ‗beast‘ or ‗animal‘ to ‗a particular kind of animal‘knight: meaning ameliorated from ‗boy, manservant’ to ‗a man in the UK who has been givenan honor of knighthood‘meat: meaning narrowed down from ‗food‘ to ‗the edible flesh of animals and the edible part of fruit‘.hose: meaning extended from ‗leg covering‘ to ‗a long tube for carrying water‘.5.sell: specialized hound: specializedstarve: specialized wife: specializedloaf: specialized6.American English British EnglishFall Autumncandy sweetcorn Maizesemester termapartment flatDresser Dressing tableStreet car Tram carChapter 41. read+-i+-ness dis-+courage+-ing kind+heart+-edun-+doubt+-ed+-ly stock+room+-s pre-+pack+-age+-ed2.book: books(n.); books(v.), booking, bookedforget: forgets, forgot, forgottenshort: shortter, shortestsnap: snaps, snapping, snappedtake: takes, taking, took, takengoose: geeseheavy: heavier, heaviest3.–ish: meaning ‗having the nature of , like‘de-: meaning ‗the opposite of‘-ify: meaning ‗make, become‘-dom: means ‗the state of ‘il-(im-/in-): meaning ‗the opposite of, not‘-able: meaning ‗that can or must be‘mis-: meaning ‗wrongly or badly‘-sion(-tion):meaning ‗the state/process of‘pre-: meaning ‗prior to‘-ment: meaning ‗the action of‘re-: meaning ‗again‘under-: meaning ‗not enough‘-al: meaning ‗the process or state of‘4. a. They are endocentric compounds. They have the ―Adj + N‖ structure, in which adjectivesare used to modify nouns ‗line, line, neck, room‘. Hotline means ‗a telephone number that people can call for information‘. Mainline means ‗an important railway line between two cities‘. Redneck means ‗a person from the southern US‘. Darkroom means ‗a room with very little in it, used for developing photographs‘.b. They are endocentric compounds. They have the ―N + N‘ structure. Bookshelf means ‗ashelf for keeping books‘. Breadbasket means ‗a container for serving bread‘. Mailbox means ‗a box for putting letters in when they delivered to a house‘. Wineglass means ‗a glass for drinking wine‘.c. They are endocentric compounds. They have the ―N + N‘ structure. Letterhead means ‗thehead of a letter (i.e. the name and address of an organization printed at the top of a letter)‘.Roadside means ‗the area at the side of a road‘. Keyhole means ‗the hole in a lock for putting the key in‘. Hilltop means ‗the top of a hill‘.d. They are exocentric compounds. Dropout means ‗a person who leaves school before theyhave finished their studies. Go-between means ‗a person who takes messages between people‘.Turnout means ‗the number of people who come to an event‘. Standby means ‗a person or thing that can always be used if needed‘.e. They are endocentric compounds. They have the ―Adj + N-ed‖structure, in whichadjectives are used to modify the N-ed.f. They are endocentric compounds. They have the ―N + Adj‖ structure, meaning As Adj AsN.5.in-: not, the opposite ofen-: to put into the condition ofdis-: not, the opposite ofun-: not, the opposite ofinter-: between, amongmis-: wrongly or badlyover-: too muchre-: againpost-: after6. a. a young dog; pigletb. a female editor; hostessc. a place for booking tickets; refineryd. one who is kicked; traineee. the state of being put up; output7. unbelievable: un- (prefix), -able (suffix)inexhaustible: in- (prefix), -ible(suffix)multinational: multi (prefix)-, -al(suffix)teleshopping: tele- (prefix), -ing (suffix)8. a. initialismb. blendingc. compoundingd. conversion9. a. compounding, affixationb. compounding, affixationc. compounding, shorteningd. compounding, affixation10.a. consumable, comprehensible, exchangeable, permissibleb. absorbent, assistant, different, participantc. constructor, liar, beggar, editor, developerd. elementary, stationary, brewery, mockeryChapter 51. (a) connotation (b) formality(c) dialect (d) connotation2. waterrainwater, brine, tap water, mineral water, spring water, purified water, aerated water, ……..3. (a) keeping(b) feeling of admiration or respect4. (a) hyponymy(b) meronymy5. (a) light beer, strong beer(b) heavy coffee, strong coffee, weak coffee6. amateur—dabbler, funny—ridiculous, occupation—profession,small—little, famous—renowned, fiction—fable, smell—scent7. These words refer to different kinds of pictures or diagrams. Drawing: picture or diagram made with a pen, pencil, or crayon. Cartoon refers to ‗an amusing drawing in a newspaper or magazine‘. Diagram refers to a simple drawing using lines to explain where something is, how something works, etc. Illustration refers to a drawing or picture in a book, magazine etc. to explain something. Sketch refers to a simple picture that is drawn quickly and does not have many details.8.(a) gradable (b) non-gradable, reversive (c) gradable(d) non-gradable, reversive (e) gradable (f) non-gradable9.(a) antonym (b) hyponymy (c) antonym(d) synonymy (e) meronymyChapter 61. 1) literal expression 2) idiom3) literal expression 4) idiom5) idiom 6) literal expression2. 1) die2) something that makes a place less attractive3) suddenly realize or understand something4) make one‘s friends disappoint5) continue to argue something that has already been decided and is not important6) react quickly so as to get an advantage3. 1) gradually reduce the amount of time, money, etc.2) give support and encouragement to someone in a game, competition, etc3) give something to the person it belongs to4) annoy5) fail because a part is weak or incorrect6) try to find out the facts about something7) live under the rule of someone8) talk to someone in order to find out his opinions, ideas, feelings etc.9) give someone a warning or secret information about somethingChapter 71.General dictionaries include all of the elements of a lexicon, including meanings,pronunciations, usages, and histories of the words of their language. Specialized dictionaries are restricted to one variety or to one type of entryword.2.They are different in that different media are used. Print dictionaries do not use electric powerand can be used in all kinds of light. Electronic dictionaries are easy to carry. .3.Open to discussion.4.Open to discussion.5.(a) symbolise(b) symbol of sth is a person, an object, an event, etc. that represents a more general quality orsituation; symbol for sth is a sign, number, letter, etc. that has a fixed meaning, especially in science, mathematics and music(a)/sim‘bɔlik/ and /sim‘ba:lik/(b)represent(c)2(d)Y es. We know that form the label [VN] and the examples.Chapter 81.vertically challenged—shortsanitation engineer—garbage collectorethnic cleansing--genocideladies‘ cloak room—women‘s toilet2.(1)They differ in connotation. Politician implies disapproval while statesman impliesapproval.(2)They differ in connotation. Inexpensive sounds indirect.(3) They differ in connotation. flatter implies disapproval, while praise implies approval.(4) They differ in connotation. pedant implies disapproval, scholar is neutral.3.(1) buttocks — buns (2) nonsense — bullshit(3) prison — can (4) cocaine — coke4.(a).Turn off the lights, please.(b) Would you please turn off the lights?5. Answers vary from person to person.6. (1) on a formal occasion.(2) when the speaker is seeing a friend off(3) when the speaker is angry and wants the addressee to leave(4) when the speaker is talking with a close friend.7. gateway, firewall, virus, bookmark, address, DOS, cyberspace, profiler, browser, login8. They differ in the terms they used, as they are different jargons.Chapter 91. knife: an object with a sharp blade for cutting thingsclothes: things we wear to keep our bodies warm;building: a structure made of a strong material, having roof, walls, windows, and doors2. She attacked every weak point in my argument.He withdrew his offensive remarks.I hit back at his criticism.She produced several illustrations to buttress her argument.I braced myself for the onslaught.3. The suffix–ee is typically attached to a verb meaning ‗one who is the object of the verb‘. This meaning is considered as the core meaning of the form. So, trainee means ‗one who is being trained‘. But the background knowledge associated with the verb may modulate the meaning of the suffix. Suffix –ee in standee moves away from the core meaning and is deprived of the ‗object‘meaning. So ‗standee‘ means ‗one who stands‘.4. In ‗good baby‘, ‗good‘means ‗well-behaved, not causing trouble‘; in ‗good parent‘, ‗good‘means ‗kind, generous, considerate, etc.‘5. (1) is used to show sad feelings while (2) is used as an apology.。