朱永涛《英语国家社会与文化入门》配套题库【课后习题】(英国文学)【圣才】

朱永涛《英语国家社会与⽂化⼊门》...第3章美国的起始I.Decide whether the following statements are true(T)or false(F):1.The question“What is an American?”was first asked by J.Hector St.John de Crevecoeur. _____【答案】T【解析】什么样的⼈叫美国⼈？这⼀经典的问题是由法国农⼈赫克托.圣约翰·德克雷夫科尔在他的《美国农⼈书简》⼀书中提出来的。

因此此题正确。

2.Christopher Columbus discovered America in1492._____【答案】T【解析】克⾥斯托弗·哥伦布是西班⽛著名航海家，于1492年第⼀个发现美洲⼤陆。

因此此题正确。

3.The first English permanent settlement was founded in California._____【答案】F【解析】1607年，英国有3艘船只⾏驶到北美，殖民者史密斯等在弗吉尼亚亨利⾓登陆，并定居下来。

因此此题错误。

4.Massachusetts was established by English puritans who separated themselves from the Roman Catholic Church._____【答案】F【解析】这批出逃的清教徒并⾮是从罗马天主教反叛⽽出，⽽是从英国国教中反叛⽽出。

因此此题错误。

5.The state of Pennsylvania used to be inhabited by the Quakers._____【答案】T【解析】宾⼣法尼亚州曾属于威廉佩恩。

⽽他本⼈则信仰贵格派，他决定按照贵格会的理想，建⽴⼀个宗教信仰和政治⾃由的地⽅。

因此宾州是美国第⼀个宗教信仰⾃由的地⽅。

第6章英国文学Ⅰ. Multiple choice.1. In which of the following periods of the English language did William Shakespeare write?（首都师范大学2009研）A. Old English.B. Middle English.C. Late Middle English.D. Modern English.【答案】D【解析】威廉·莎士比亚（1564—1616），英国文艺复兴时期著名诗人、剧作家；古英语（Old English），从450年盎格鲁-撒克逊人入侵到1066年诺曼征服时期的英语；中古英语（Middle English），从1066年到1476年英国开始采用印刷机时期的英语；现代英语（Modern English），从1476年至今的英语。

2. Shakespeare lived in the period of _____.（中山大学2008研）A. the Middle AgesB. the Victorian ageC. the Elizabethan ageD. the Industrial Revolution【答案】C【解析】伊丽莎白一世统治时期（1558—1603），英国文学，特别是戏剧繁荣发展，达到高峰，涌现出了一大批杰出的文学大师，比如莎士比亚（1564—1616）。

3. Which of the following is not true?（北京交大2006研）A. Beowulf is a hero who helps a Danish king kill a sea monster.B. Beowulf later becomes a king of his own land, Sweden.C. Beowulf stands for Christian virtues.D. Beowulf is said to be descended from Cain, the oldest son of Adam and Eve. 【答案】D【解析】《贝奥武甫》，古代史诗，标志着英国文学的开始；故事含意深刻，主人公代表着基督教的美德。

第2章英国简介（2）Ⅰ. Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F):1. Ireland is part of Great Britain. _____【答案】F【解析】爱尔兰是一个独立国家，位于爱尔兰岛北部的北爱尔兰才是英国的一部分。

2. “Ulster”, referring to Northern Ireland, was once an ancient Irish Kingdom. _____【答案】T【解析】阿尔斯特指的是北爱尔兰，它曾经是一个古爱尔兰王国的名称。

3. The capital of Belfast is a large city with half a million people. _____【答案】F【解析】贝尔法斯特是北爱尔兰的首府，拥有人口二十余万。

4. Northern Ireland is significant because of its manufacturing industry. _____【答案】F【解析】北爱尔兰重要不仅仅是因为它的工业发达，还因为它在历史上与英国政府的不断冲突，更多是政治意义上的重要性。

5. The majority of Irish people were descendants of the original Celtic people who inhabited British Isles before the Romans arrived 2000 years ago. _____【答案】T【解析】大部分爱尔兰人民是凯尔特人的后代，他们远在罗马人入侵英国的两千年前就在英国居住。

6. Most British people are Protestants while most Irish people are Catholics. _____ 【答案】T【解析】大部分英国人是新教徒，大部分爱尔兰人是天主教徒。

朱永涛《英语国家社会与文化入门》笔记和考研真题详解-上册（英国）-第1~5章【圣才出品】上册（英国、爱尔兰、澳大利亚）英国第1章英国简介(1)1.1 复习笔记I. Name and constituents1. Full name2. ConstituentsII. Effects of its imperial past1. Establishment of the Commonwealth of Nations2. Its role as a European nation3. Economic influence4. A multiracial nationIII. Differences in society1. Race difference2. Class difference3. Region differenceIV. Introduction to England1. Physical features2. History of invasionsV. Introduction to Scotland1. Physical features2. History3. Retaining strong Scottish identityVI. Introduction to Wales1. Physical features2. A history features campaigns for independence from UKI. Name and constituents（全称和组成）1. Full name（全称）The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland 大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国2. Constituents（组成部分）(1)The island of Great Britain: England, Scotland and Wales(2)Northern Ireland(1)大不列颠岛：英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士(2)北爱尔兰II. Effects of its imperial past（殖民时期的影响）1. Establishment of the Commonwealth of Nations（促成英联邦的成立）The Commonwealth of Nations is a loose and voluntary organization withmembers mainly being former colonies of the British Empire.英联邦是一个以自愿加入为基础的组织，成员国为前大英帝国殖民地2. Its role as a European nation（欧盟成员国）UK has been a member of European Union since 1973.自1973年以来英国一直是欧盟成员国。

第7章英国教育体系Ⅰ.Multiple choice.1.Under the old selective system English children who have high marks in the “eleven plus”examination go on to_____.（北京交大2003研）A.public schoolsB.technical schoolsC.grammar schoolsD.secondary modern schools【答案】C【解析】在英国，初级学校学生在最后一学年要参加十一岁儿童升学考试；其中成绩最好的进入文法学校。

2.Which of the following is a feature of British education as a whole?（北京交大2006研）cation is chaotic.cation is very expensive.cation is highly centralized.cation is rather independent and enjoys a great deal of freedom.【答案】D【解析】英国教育具有自由化的特点，集中体现在实行学校的地方管理措施。

选项D正确。

3.Which of the following statements can not be used to describe universities in Britain?A.All universities are private institutions.B.All students have got high marks in“A”Level.C.They have their own governing councilsD.They now derive nearly all of their funds from state grants.【答案】A【解析】白金汉大学（The University of Buckingham）是全英唯一一所私立独立大学，故答案应该选B。

第4章政治、阶级和社会Ⅰ. Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F):1. In the UK, a government cannot stand for longer than five years except in exceptional circumstances. _____【答案】T【解析】在英国，一届政府通常任期五年。

每隔五年就要进行一次大选，但是在特殊时期也可以执政超过五年。

例如在一、二战时期政府就曾执政超过五年。

2. Anyone who is eligible to vote with 500 pounds as deposit can stand as an MP. _____【答案】T【解析】任何有选举权的公民，在缴纳500英镑押金的情况下，均可以作为议员候选人。

3. Each main party is given some time on national TV to “sell” their policies. The time is not given free and has to be paid by the party. _____【答案】F【解析】竞选运动是各参选政党在大选前为向大众宣传自己的理念和政策而进行的。

竞选运动的方式主要有在报纸上登竞选广告、上门游说、邮寄竞选传单和“政党竞选电视讲话”。

（电视台）提供的时间是免费的，但时间的长短按该党上一次大选中获得的投票率分配。

不允许花钱买更多的电视讲话时间，否则会有利于富有的政党，不利于一些贫穷的政党。

4. The amount spent in national campaign is not limited other than that on TV. _____ 【答案】T【解析】英国对于候选人在全国游行演讲中的花费没有限制，而不像电视演讲那样有一定限制。

朱永涛《英美文化基础教程》课后习题详解（英国文化英国历史）【圣才出品】第2章英国历史I.Explain each of the following in English.1.King Harold【答案】The Saxon king who was defeated and killed at the Battle of Hastings in 1066,when the French-speaking Normans under William the Conqueror invaded England from France.2.Alfred the Great【答案】He was a fine Saxon king who successfully defeated the invading Danes.3.King Arthur【答案】(1)He was the king of England in the sixth century.(2)Little was known about him,except that he was associated with Corn-wall and is the central figure of many legends about him and his Knights of the Round Table.4.The Magna Carta【答案】(1)The Magna Carta(or Great Charter)was a document signed in1215by King John under compulsion by the powerful barons.(2)The purpose of the Charter was to make King John to recognize the rights of the barons.(3)The Magna Carta is now in the British Museum,London.5.The Wars of the Roses【答案】(1)It is the name given to the struggle(1455—1485)for the throne of England between two branches of the English royal family.(2)The houses of Lancaster whose badge was a red rose,and York whose badge was a white rose.(3)The wars weakened both the nobility and the monarch.6.Henry VIII【答案】Henry was the second monarch of the House of Tudor.Besides his six marriages,Henry VIII is known for his role in the separation of the Church of England from the Roman Catholic Church.Henry’s struggles with Rome led to the separation of the Church of England from papal authority,the Dissolution of the Monasteries,and establishing himself as the Supreme Head of the Church of England.7.Elizabeth I【答案】Elizabeth was the fifth and last monarch of the Tudor dynasty.She gave her name to an age,the Elizabeth age,which remains in English minds as an age of glory.Most people associate it with two things.One is the literature,for this was the age when English literature blossomed.The other is adventure on the sea.For the first time English ships began to explore the world and trade with distant countries.8.Divine Right【答案】The doctrine that a monarch derives his or her power directly from God9.Charles Darwin【答案】(1)The famous Britain scientist who wrote the important book“The Origin of Species”.(2)His theory of evolution caused reaction of the Victorians against the book, and furious debates were held in private and in public.(3)Darwin’s theory contributed to the decay of Victorianism.10.Victorianism【答案】Victorianism is the name given to the attitudes,art,and culture of the later two-thirds of the19th century.This usage is strong within social history and the study of literature,less so in philosophy.Many disciplines do not use the term,but instead prefer Victorian Era,or simply“Late19th century”.Victoriani sm as a word is often specifically directed at Victorian morality.II.Fill in the blanks.1._____were a series of wars in which armies from all over Europe tried to seize Palestine from the Muslims.【答案】The Crusades【解析】根据英美文化常识可知：欧洲各地的军队试图从穆斯林手中夺取巴勒斯坦的一系列战争被称作十字军东征。

第7章英国教育体系I. Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F):1. The purpose of British education is not only to provide children with literacy and the other basic skills but also to socialize children. _____【答案】T【解析】英国教育的一个目的是，教授“3R”，即阅读、写作和算术三种基础科目，为学生积极参与社会提供所需的基本知识和基本技能。

教育的另一个目的是教授学生一些成为好公民所应具备的道理规范和价值观，以便能走上社会，为发达的工业化国家的经济繁荣作贡献。

2. The state seldom interferes with the decision of when, where, how and what children are taught. _____【答案】F【解析】英国的教育体制其实对儿童接受教育的时间、方式、地点和内容都有规定，家长们自己有选择权，学校中也主要是校长进行管理。

但政府并非完全不干涉儿童的教育。

3. The enduring feature of British education is the continuing debate over what should be taught in schools. _____【答案】F【解析】英国教育中一个长期以来的特点是教育的不平等性。

虽然英国社会中中产阶级和工人阶级的比例基本上是一比一，但是接受教育的机会却相差很远。

公立学校和私立学校的区别，好的大学和次要大学的区别，都体现了不平等。

英国的教育体制中设有文法学校、综合学校和职业学校等。

对于课堂上教育的内容有比较清晰的界定，在这方面英国国内已形成比较统一的观念。

第9章英国媒体Ⅰ. Multiple choice.1. Which of the following is the most famous of all British newspapers?（北二外2006研）A. The TimesB. The GuardianC. Daily TelegraphD. Daily Mirror【答案】A【解析】The Times《泰晤士报》是英国第一主流大报，是该国最具影响力的报纸。

The Guardian《卫报》。

Daily T elegraph《每日电讯报》，因其时效性而得名。

Daily Mirror《每日镜报》。

2. Which of the following is a tabloid?（北二外2006研）A. New StatesmanB. The SunC. Sunday TimesD. Morning Star【答案】B【解析】The Sun《太阳报》是一家通俗小报，是全英国销量最高的报纸。

New Statesman《新政治家》是一家英国时政周刊。

Sunday Times《星期日泰晤士报》、Morning Star《晨星报》是英国共产党的机关报。

3. Which of the following newspaper is a tabloid?（北二外2008研）A. The TelegraphB. East EndersC. The News of the WorldD. None of the above【答案】C【解析】tabloid通俗小报。

The News of the World是一家英国小报。

The Telegraph《每日电讯报》，它是英国四家全国性“高级”日报中销量最大的一家。

4. Which of the following statements about the BBC is not true?（北京交大2003研）A. The BBC puts out both radio broadcasting services and TV programs.B. There is no advertising on any of the BBC programs.C. The BBC is financed by private funds.D. The BBC World Service broadcasts international news worldwide, using more than 30 languages.【答案】C【解析】BBC英国广播公司除了经营广播节目之外，还经营电视节目；所有节目中都不插播任何广告；资金来自用户的接收费；以40多种语言做全球广播。