二级笔译翻译参考书

2017年11月全国翻译专业资格（水平）考试英语二级《笔译实务》试卷备注：该参考译文来源于官方指定的新世界出版社出版发行的《英语笔译实务真题解析2级》，仅供参考。

Section 1: English-Chinese translation(英译汉)(50points)Passage 1Y ou’ve temporarily misplaced your cell phone and anxiously retrace your steps to try to find it. Or perhaps you never let go of your phone—it's always in your hand, your pocket, or your bag, ready to be answered or consulted at a moment’s notice. When your battery life runs down at the end of the day, you feel that yours is running low as well. New research s hows that there’s a psychological reason for such extreme phone dependence: According to the attachment theory, for some of us, our phone serves the same function as the teddy bear we clung to in childhood.Attachment theory proposes that our early life experiences with parents responsible for our well-being, are at the root of our connections to the adults with whom we form close relationships. Importantly, attachment in early life can extend to inanimate objects. Teddy bears, for example, serve as “transitional objects.” The teddy bear, unlike the parent, is always there. We extend our dependence on parents to these animals, and use them to help us move to an independent sense of self.A cell phone has the potential to be a “compensatory attachment” obje ct. Although phones are often castigated for their addictive potential, scientists cite evidence that supports the idea that “healthy, normal adults also report significant emotional attachment to special objects”Indeed, cell phones have become a pervasive feature of our lives: The number of cell phone subscriptions exceeds the total population of the planet. The average amount of mobile or smartphone use in the U.S. is 3.3 hours per day. Phones have distinct advantages. They can be kept by your side and they provide a social connection to the people you care about. Even if you’re not talking to your friends, lover, or family, you can keep their photos close by, read their messages, and follow them on social media. Y ou can track them in real time but also look back on memorable moments together. These channels help you “feel less alone”.Passage 2Many countries have adopted the principle of sustainable development it can combat environment deterioration in air quality, water quality and production in developing countries. Health education serves as a viable role for every member in the world. But some argue that it's a vague idea, some organizations may use it in its own interests, whether environmental or economic is the nature of interests. Others argue that sustainable development in developing countries overlook the local customs, habitude and people.Whereas interdependence is desirable during times of peace, war necessitates competition and independence. Tariffs and importation limits strengthen a country's economic vitality while potentially weakening the economies of its enemies. Moreover, protectionism in the weapons industry is highly desirable during such circumstances because reliance on another state for armaments can be fatal.For the most part, economists emphasize the negative effects of protectionism. It reduces international trade and raises prices for consumers. In addition, domestic firms that receive protection have less incentive to innovate. Although free trade puts uncompetitive firms out of business, the displaced workers and resources are ultimately allocated to other areas of the economy.Imposing quotas is a method used to protect trade, since foreign companies cannot ship more products regardless of how low they set their prices. Countries that hope to help a new industry thrive locally often impose quotas on imported goods. They believe that such restrictions allow entities in the new industry to develop their own competitive advantages and produce the products efficiently.Protectionism’s purpose is usually to create jobs for domestic workers. Companies that operate in industries protected by quotas hire workers locally. Another disadvantage of quotas is the reduction in the quality of products in the absence of competition from foreign companies. Without competition, local firms are less likely to invest in innovation and improve their products and services. Domestic sellers don’t have an incentive to enhance efficiency and lower their prices, and under such conditions, consumers eventually pay more for products and services they could receive from foreign competitors. As local companies lose competitiveness, they become pressured to outsource jobs. In the long-run, increasing protectionism commonly leads to layoffs and economic slowdown.Section 2: Chinese-English translation(汉译英)(50points)Passage 1。

2019年CATTI二级笔译英译汉真题及参考答案【第一篇】So where there is financial connection, we see that rapid improvements in quality of life can quickly follow. In our modern context, there are several important channels to achieving this greater financial connectivity. I want to highlight two today: increased capital mobility and increased financial inclusion.First, enabling capital to flow more freely. Allowing capital to flow across borders can help support inclusive growth. Right now, foreign direct investment —FDI — is only 1.9 percent of GDP in developing countries. Before the global financial crisis, it was at 2.5 percent. Making progress on major infrastructure needs will require capital flows to rise again and to be managed safely.Greater openness to capital flows can also bring down the cost of finance, improve the efficiency of the financial sector, and allow capital to support productive investments and new jobs.Challenges that come with opening up capital markets. Thankfully, we know from experience the elements that are required for success. These include sound financial regulation, transparent rules for investment, and attention to fiscal sustainability.We also need increased financial inclusion. A few numbers: close to half of the adult population in low and middle-income Asia-Pacific economies do not have a bank account. Less than 10 percent have ever borrowed from a financial institution.And yet, we know that closing the finance gap is an “economic must-have” for nations to thrive in the 21st century. IMF analysis shows that if the least financially inclusive countries in Asia narrowed the finance gap to the level of Thailand — an emerging market economy — the poverty rate in those countries could be reduced by nearly 4 percent.How can we get there? In part, through policies that enable more women and rural citizens to access financial services. The financial gender gap for women in developing countries is about 9 percent and has remained largely unchanged since 2011.There is no silver bullet, but we know that fintech can play a catalyzing role.In Cambodia, for example, strong public-private partnerships in supporting mobile finance has led to a tripling in the number of micro-financial institutions since 2011. These institutions have now provided loans to over 2 million new borrowers, representing nearly 20 percent of the adult population. Many of these citizens had never had a bank account. Now they can save for the future and perhaps even start a business of their own.These are ideas that can work everywhere. But countries have to be willing to partner and learn from each other.That is one of the major reasons why last October, the IMF and World Bank launched the Bali Fintech Agenda. The agenda lays out key principles — from developing financial markets to safeguarding financial integrity — that can help each nation as it strives for greater financial inclusion.【第一篇参考答案】哪里形成了金融联系，当地的生活质量就会很快改善。

catti二级笔译备考如何备考二级CATTI口笔译的?二级笔译备考参考书籍《大学英语语法讲座与测试》第四版，徐广联，华东理工大学出版社《新东方专八词汇正序版》《剑桥雅思真题》(阅读部分)《英语笔译模拟题2级》，新世界出版社(CATTI官方指定教材)考试题型解读二级笔译和三级笔译是一样的，都是分笔译综合能力和笔译实务两科，相较于三笔来说，二笔的综合能力难度会更大，笔译实务的篇幅更长。

综合能力：二笔的综合能力题型分为词汇语法、阅读理解和完形填空三部分，考试时间两个小时，个人感觉对考生来说最难的一部分就是词汇语法了，这一部分主要包括选词填空、同义词替换和语法改错。

其中MTI考试大纲要求考生的词汇量应达到8000-12000，CATTI二笔的词汇量个人认为也不应少于10000，所以考生要不断夯实词汇基础，增大词汇量。

我本人用的是新东方的专八书积累词汇同时用《英语笔译综合能力真题解析2级》和《英语笔译模拟题2级》大量练习考试题型;阅读理解部分使用的是一些MTI考研院校的真题和雅思真题练习;至于语法改错和后面的完形填空考查的是考生的语法功底，我本人倾向于看徐广联老师的《大学英语语法测试与讲座》。

笔译实务：二笔实务的分为英译汉和汉译英两部分，这和三笔是一样的，最大的不同之处在于题量，三笔的实务英译汉和汉译英各一篇，而二笔的题量更大，英译汉2篇、汉译英2篇，一共四篇文章。

在这里，我分享一个观点：曾经有一位一笔老师来我们学校讲座时说过这么一个观点，我们做的英译汉的译文最好的就是把我们的译文拿给另一个人看，如果我们的读者能无压力地看懂的话，说明我们的译文才是合格的。

我认为这位老师的观点我很认同。

结合一下我的实际情况补充一个观点：就是我们在遇到专业性较强的文章时，我们翻译出来的译文要给专业的人给我们当读者。

我平常在英译汉练习时碰到一些专业性较强的英文文章，比如我曾经翻译过的一期《经济学人》里提及过经济学的概念，“二八定律”(80/20rule)，文章后面写到了“80%的收入都来自销售额居前5位的产品”，如果译者对“二八定律”内涵很熟悉的话会马上想到这个经济学名词，否则我们的译文就会花样百出，十分精彩。

2023年11月英语二级笔译真题【英译汉】【Passage 1】Gender equality is not only a fundamental human right, but a necessary foundation for a peaceful, prosperous and sustainable world. Providing women and girls with equal access to education, health care, decent work, and representation in political and economic decision-making processes will fuel sustainable economies and benefit societies and humanity at large. Therefore, gender equality and women’s empowerment are one of the overarching priorities of UNESCO.This is a st rategy for making women’s as well as men’s concerns and experiences an integral dimension of the design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of policies and programmes in all political, economic and societal spheres so that women and men benefit equally and inequality is not perpetuated. The ultimate goal is to achieve gender equality.Increasing attention is being placed on gender equality issues globally, buoyed by several legal and normative instruments, conventions and declarations. Chief among these are the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women and the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action. The latter, which was the outcome of the United Nations Fourth World Conference on Women, in 1995, emphasizes the key role of media to promote gender equality in all spheres; all stake-holders are called to join forces to combat “stereotyping of women and inequality in women’s access to and participation in all communication systems, especially in the media”. UNESCO’s c ommitment and strategy to this end is pursued through a two-fold approach: (i) gender-specific programming and (ii) taking gender-focused actions in all of UNESCO’s fields of work.UNESCO’s Communication and Information Sector has fully embraced this commitment and has engaged globally in a wide range of gender-specific initiatives across its divisions and main actions. Equality between women and men working in the media, and equality in news reporting on women and men, are of equal importance and are being stridently pursued. In cooperation with the International Federation of Journalists and many other partners, UNESCO has adopted this global framework of Gender-Sensitive Indicators for Media (GSIM). These indicators have been developed to enable effective assessment of related development in the media.In order to further enrich the GSIM resource, and as a fundamental step for its completion, a second round of consultation was carried out online with UNESCO media partners globally. Broadcasting and print associations contributed comments, suggestions and insights to further enhance the document. The consultation with these associations was essential because it enables UNESCO to embed into the GSIM the perspectives of these key partners.This enables us to stress that use of the GSIM is not an attempt to limit freedom of expression and the independence of media, but to voluntarily enrich these underlying characteristics. UNESCO is confident that, if fully implemented, the GSIM will produce an impact in both qualitative and quantitative terms.【英译汉】【Passage 2】When rainfall is measured in feet, not inches, we are witnessing climate change bearing down on us. Catastrophic destruction tied to the Atlantic hurricane season, monsoon rains in Mumbai, and downpours in Niger are just a few of the many extreme weather events that are being intensified by global warming. While the rise of a few degrees in temperature may not be enough for a person to run a fever, that change is enough to radically impact the earth’s climate. By way of comparison, the earth was once rendered largely uninhabitable by a one to two-degree Celsius drop in temperature—an era now referred to as the Little Ice Age. In response to the threat posed by global climate change, most nations have committed to significant mitigation efforts, through the Paris Agreement, to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.But will these collective efforts be enough? Some scientists are trying another approach, exploring new tools to deliberately alter the global climate system. These discrete and diverse technologies are often grouped under the all-encompassing and poorly defined rubric of “climate engineering” or “geoengineering.” These radically different approaches aim to either halt the process of global warming by removing greenhouse gases from the atmosphere or to counteract warming already underway.The problem is, while several tools seem to be gaining ground in computer models, laboratories, and even real-world experiments, public discussion has not kept pace with their advancement. To date, there has been too little transparency and international dialogue around the progress, feasibility, risks and benefits of these efforts. Climate engineering and current mitigation and adaptation efforts are not mutually exclusive. Experts generally agree that these new technological approaches alone are unlikely to provide adequate protection from the dangers posed by rising global temperatures.In 1965, the Science Advisory Committee raised concerns about manmade climate change and warned that “man is unwittingly conducting a vast geophysical experiment.” More than 50 years later, the field of climate engineering remains largely unknown, especially to policymakers and the public.There are real risks to using or rejecting climate engineering. While it is tempting to be for or against climate engineering, what decision-makers need to do now is to gather scientific facts and ask as many questions as possible about what the deployment of these technologies might mean for individuals, societies, nations, and regions.2023年11月英语二级笔译真题参考答案【英译汉】【Passage 1】性别平等不仅是一项基本的人权，也是建设一个和平、繁荣、可持续的世界所必需的基础。

1、百度经验你好，我于今年5月份通过了CATTI二级笔译，我觉得综合能力基本上不是很难，而实务是重中之重。

既然你还没有通过专八，建议你综合能力看一本词汇——《英语备考词汇全攻略2级》，一本语法——《薄冰高级英语语法》。

实务只要看中国石化出版社全国翻译专业资格（水平）考试命题研究组编《笔译实务测试高分突破2级》足矣，这本书比官方指定教材要新一些，错误也要少一些。

自己尝试实务的时候感觉时间很紧，实务考试的时候大概要达到怎样的翻译速度比较好呢？我个人认为，如果你能够在考试时尽可能减少翻词典的次数，再加上平时训练手写的速度，应该能够解决这个问题。

而第一点是需要充分扩大词汇量，即把《英语备考词汇全攻略2级》里面上万个词汇记得很熟练才能做到的。

根据考试大纲，英译汉速度要达到每小时500-600个单词，汉译英速度要达到每小时300-400个汉字。

我想这就是实务考试时大概要达到的翻译速度。

2、个人经验CATTI二级笔译考试主要考察个人双语基础能力，所以只要基础扎实、尽量不犯小错、语言得体流畅，考生们应该是可以通过的，下面说说个人的一些经验：1. 语言基础首先不能将二笔考试和四六级或专业四八级考试相比较。

翻译考试不同于一般的应试考试，翻译考试考查的是平时的积累和语言基础，我认为就CATTI笔译的两门考试科目《综合能力》和《实务》来说，语言基础大体要求如下：难度水平：三笔：综合接近专四或六级；实务难度接近专八翻译；二笔：综合接近专八及GRE；实务难度难于专八，而且篇幅，时间要求远高于专八翻译题。

词汇要求：三笔：扎实掌握5000以上词汇二笔：扎实掌握8000以上词汇（注意：是扎实掌握，而且是以上）知识面：对各中常见领域的基础知识和专业词汇需要有一定的了解。

知识面对于做翻译非常重要，一方面是要积累英语文化知识，多看看英美概况的书籍，多读跨文化交际的文章，对文学、语言学都要有浅显了解；另一方面还要扩充专业知识，多看看各门类的基础书籍（如经济，同学们最起码就应该知道什么叫无形的手）。

在此感谢各位考生，祝大家顺利通过翻译考试。 翻者有心，译海无涯。
笔者 2019 年 7 月 2 日
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全国翻译专业资格（水平）考试英语二级笔译实务真题（官方原版含译文）编辑：李振龙
2018 年 11 月全国翻译专业资格（水平）考试
英语二级《笔译实务》试卷
Section1:English-Chinesetranslation(英译汉)(50points)
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全国翻译专业资格（水平）考试英语二级笔译实务真题（官方原版含译文）编辑：李振龙
编辑说明
《全国翻译专业资格（水平）考试》是全国实行统一、面向社会的、国内最 具权威的翻译专业资格考试（认证），是对参试人员口译或笔译方面双语互译能 力和水平的认定。截止 2019 年之前官方（中国外文局）从未公布历年考试真题， 2019 年 4 月首次公布真题，但由于定价太高，且网络虽散见历年回忆版试题， 但并不完整，且错误较多，不利于考生复习备考。故笔者收集整理校对近三年《二 级笔译实务》真题，供广大参加翻译专业考试人员参考使用。
Passage 1
New drone footage gives a glimpse of the damage that parts of Hawaii's Big Island sustained in the wake of volcanic explosions in recent days. Smoke can be seen billowing off the lava as it creeps down roads and through wooded areas toward homes. Fires are visible with terrifying streams of brightness breaking through the surrounding areas of black. After a day of relative calm, Kilauea roared back in full force on Sunday, spewing lava 3,00 feet in the air, encroaching on a half mile of new ground and bringing the total number of destroyed structures to 35.

国家人事部翻译专业资格（水平）考试（二级笔译）系列参考资料李鹏编写译道探微博客：/lipeng只有开放兼容，国家才能富强——在新加坡国立大学的演讲中华人民共和国国务院总理温家宝（2007年11月19日）Only an Open and Inclusive Nation Can Be Strong Address at National University of Singapore by Wen Jiabao, Premier of the State Council, the People's Republic of Chinaon November 19, 2007【原文】尊敬的李光耀资政，尊敬的施春风校长，同学们、老师们，女士们，先生们，朋友们：今天，我有机会到新加坡国立大学同各界知名人士和师生代表见面，感到十分高兴。

首先，我向在座各位并通过你们向新加坡人民转达中国人民的诚挚问候和良好祝愿。

【译文】Minister Mentor Lee Kuan Yew,Mr. Shih Choon Fong, President of the National University of Singapore,Students and faculty members,Ladies and gentlemen,Friends,I am delighted to have this opportunity of meeting you, leading public figures in Singapore and representatives of faculty and students of the National University of Singapore (NUS). Let me begin by conveying the warm greetings and best wishes of the Chinese people to you, and through you, to the people of Singapore.【评点】1.第二部分值得背诵，口译和笔译工作中都能用得上。

2021年11月CATTI英语二级笔译真题及参考译文(2021-11-08 20:05:12)转载▼标签：英语翻译英语学习2021年11月CATTI英语二级笔译真题及参考译文EC Passage 1You’ve temporarily misplaced your cell phone and anxiously retrace your steps to try to find it. Or perhaps you never let go of your phone—it's always in your hand, your pocket, or your bag, ready to be answered or consulted at a moment’s notice. When your battery life runs down at the end of the day, you feel that yours is running low as well. New research shows that there’s a psychological reason for such extreme phone dependence: According to the attachment theory, for some of us, our phone serves the same function as the teddy bear we clung to in childhood.你有过这种经历吗？一时放错了地址，忘了在哪，急急忙忙返回寻觅；从不离身，老是握在手里，揣在兜里或放在包里，时刻预备回答消息，查找内容。

一成天过去了，一旦觉察没电，简直感觉自己也要没电了。

最新研究揭露了极端“依托症”背后的心理动因：依照依恋理论，简直成了咱们大多数人小时候恋恋不舍的泰迪熊。

catti二级笔译参考书籍
CATTI二级笔译考试是一项综合性的考试，要求考生具备扎实的英语基础、良好的翻译技巧和丰富的知识储备。

为了备考该考试，以下是一些建议的参考书籍：
1. 《英语笔译实务》- 该书籍涵盖了CATTI二级笔译考试所需的大部分题材和领域，对于提高考生的翻译实践能力有很大帮助。

2. 《英语笔译综合能力》- 该书针对考试的各个方面进行了全面讲解，有助于考生巩固基础知识。

3. 《英汉互译教程》和《汉英翻译教程》- 这两本书分别针对英汉和汉英翻译进行讲解，帮助考生系统地学习翻译技巧。

4. 《笔译理论与技巧》- 该书从翻译的语义、句法、使用策略等角度进行论述，理论与实例结合。

5. 《翻译之道：理论与实践》- 这本书是翻译史、翻译理论和翻译批评的统一，对翻译理论和实践的关系进行了反思。

6. 《中国译学史》- 如果对中国的翻译史感兴趣，可以阅读陈福康先生的《中国译学史》。

7. 《翻译辨误》- 该书主要分析了学生常见的错译、误译和尚需改进的译文，例句偏向谚语和生活化。

8. 《通过翻译学英语》- 该书主要通过对150个正误译文实例的讨论，帮助读者提高汉译英的能力，例句很好，适合CATTI和MTI考试学习。

除了以上书籍，还可以参考其他权威的翻译教材和参考书，注重理论与实践的结合，多进行模拟练习和真题演练，提高自己的翻译水平和应试能力。

同时，也要注意保持英语学习的持续性和系统性，不断扩大自己的词汇量和语法知识，提高阅读和写作能力。

二级笔译官方教材
二级笔译的官方教材有很多，具体选择哪一本还需要根据个人的需求和水平来决定。

以下是一些常见的二级笔译官方教材：
1. 《全国翻译专业资格（水平）考试官方指定用书：英语笔译实务（二级）》，这本书是官方指定的考试用书，内容涵盖了英语笔译实务方面的知识和技巧，包括翻译理论、翻译实践、翻译技巧等方面的内容。

2. 《全国翻译专业资格（水平）考试用书：英语笔译综合能力（二级）》，这本书是官方指定的考试用书，内容涵盖了英语笔译综合能力方面的知识和技巧，包括语言知识、文化知识、翻译理论等方面的内容。

3. 《华研外语2023CATTI二级笔译官方教材》，这本书是华研外语出版的CATTI二级笔译官方教材，内容涵盖了CATTI二级笔译考试的全部知识点和考点，包括翻译实务、翻译理论、翻译技巧等方面的内容。

以上是一些常见的二级笔译官方教材，建议选择适合自己的教材，通过系统学习和实践提高自己的笔译水平。

同时，也可以参考一些其他资料和资源，如网络上的翻译练习、其他出版社的翻译教材等。

阿拉伯语参考书1. 基础阿语（1）2.基础阿语（2）3.基础阿语（3）4．基础阿语（4）使用教材《新编阿拉伯语》外研社、《新编阿拉伯语教程》上外。

主要参考书1．《基础阿拉伯语》，北外阿拉伯语系编2．《阿拉伯语速成》，马忠厚编3．《阿拉伯语基础教程》，张甲民等编4．《新编阿拉伯语教程》，陆培勇等编5. 阿拉伯语口语（1）6. 阿拉伯语口语（2）使用教材《阿拉伯语基础口语》外研社或《阿拉伯语实用口语》外研社主要参考书1．《阿拉伯语实用口语》，王玉栋等编2．《阿拉伯语口译》，史丽清编3．《顺风阿拉伯伯语900句》（2册）关锐著，中国国际广播出版社4．《阿拉伯语三百句》李生俊著，北京大学出版社5．《即学即用商务阿拉伯语会话1001句》罗林著,中国宇航出版社7. 阿拉伯语视听（1）8. 阿拉伯语视听( 2)使用教材《阿拉伯语视听说教程》外研社主要参考书1．《阿拉伯语速成》，马忠厚编2．《阿拉伯语听说教程》上册，张宏等编3．《阿拉伯语听说教程》下册，国少华等编4．录自阿拉伯网站、电视台和电台的视听资料12. 阿拉伯语语法（2）使用教材《阿拉伯语基础与法》1-4册，外研社或《实用阿拉伯语与法》上下册，以及《基础阿拉伯语》1-4册（课文含的语法部分）主要参考书1．《实用阿拉伯语语法》，蒋传瑛等编2．《新编阿拉伯语语法》，陈中耀编14. 阿拉伯国家概况使用教材《阿拉伯概况》（阿文版），北京语言大学编写。

主要参考书1. 《中东的贝都因人》刘阿钢（译），中国水利水电出版社2.《中东国家通史沙特阿拉伯卷》王铁铮著，商务印书馆3.《中东国家通史伊拉克卷》黄民兴著，商务印书馆4.《中东国家通史约旦卷》王铁铮著，商务印书馆5.《中东国家通史巴勒斯坦卷》杨辉著，商务印书馆6.《中东国家通史也门卷》郭宝华著，商务印书馆7.《埃及与中东》陈建民著，商务印书馆8.《当代阿拉伯问题研究》著，商务印书馆9. 自编、自选阿拉伯语相关书籍。

翻译资格考试二级笔译真题及答案【英译汉必译题】Milton Friedman, Free Markets Theorist, Dies at 94.Milton Friedman, the grandmaster of free-market economic theory in the postwar era and a prime force in the movement of nations toward less government and greater reliance on individual responsibility, died today in San Francisco, where he lived. He was 94.Conservative and liberal colleagues alike viewed Mr. Friedman, a Nobel prize laureate, as one of the 20th century’s leading economic scholars, on a par with giants like John Maynard Keynes and Paul Samuelson.Flying the flag of economic conservatism, Mr. Friedman led the postwar challenge to the hallowed theories of Lord Keynes, the British economist who maintained that governments had a duty to help capitalistic economies through periods of recessionand to prevent boom times from exploding into high inflation.In Professor Friedman’s view, government had the opposite obligation: to keep its hands off the economy, to let the free market do its work.The only economic lever that Mr. Friedman would allow government to use was the one that controlled the supply of money—a monetarist view that had gone out offavor when he embraced it in the 1950s. He went on to record a signal achievement predicting the unprecedented combination of rising unemployment and rising inflation that came to be called stagflation. His work earned him the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Science in 1976.Rarely, his colleagues said, did anyone have such impact on both his ownprofession and on government. Though he never served officially in the halls of power,he was always around them, as an adviser and theorist.“Among economic scholars, Milton Friedman had no peer,” Ben S. Bernanke, the Federal Reserve chairman, said t oday. “The direct and indirect influences of his thinking on contemporary monetary economics would be difficult to overstate.”Alan Greenspan, the former Federal Reserve chairman, said of Mr. Friedman in an interview on Tuesday. “From a longer-term point of view, it’s his academicBut I would not dismiss the profound achievements which will have import.lasting import. Butimpact he has already had on the American public’s view.”Mr. Friedman had a gift for communicating complicated ideas in simple and lucid ways, and it served him well as the author or co-author of more than a dozen books, a columnist for Newsweek from 1966 to 1983 and even as the star of a public television series.【英译汉二选一】【英译汉二选一】试题1Panama goes to polls on upgrade for canalPANAMA CITY: V oters were expected Sunday to approve the largest modernization project in the 92-year history of the Panama Canal, a $5.25 billion planto expand the waterway to allow for larger ships while alleviating traffic problems.The government of President Martín Torrijos has billed the referendum as historic,saying the work would double the capacity of a canal already on pace to generateabout $1.4 billion in revenue this year. Critics claim the expansion would benefit the canal’s customers more than Panamanians, and worry that costs could balloon, forcing this debt- ridden country to borrow even more.The project would build a third set of locks on the Pacific and Atlantic ends of thcanal by 2015, allowing it to handle modern container ships, cruise liners and tankers too large for its locks, which are 33 meters, or 108 feet, wide.The Panama Canal Authority, the autonomous government agency that runs the canal, says the project would be paid for by increasing tolls and would generate $6 billion in revenue by 2025.There is nothing Panamanians are more passionate about than the canal.“It’s incomparable in the hemisphere,” said Samuel Lewis Navarro, the country’s vice president and foreign secretary. “It’s in our heart, part of our soul.”Public opinion polls indicate that the plan would be approved overwhelmingly. Green and white signs throughout the country read “Yesfor our children,” while tensof thousands of billboards and bumper stickers trumpet new jobs.“The canal needs you,” television and radio ads implore.“It will mean more boats, and that means more jobs,” said Damasco Polanco, whon, anwas herding cows on horseback in Nuevo Provedencia, on the banks of Lake Gatúartificial reservoir that supplies water to the canal.The canal employs 8,000 workers and the expansion is expected to generate asmany as 40,000 new jobs. Unemployment in Panama is 9.5 percent, and 40 percent ofthe country lives in poverty.But critics fear that the expansion could cost nearly double the government’s estimate, as well as stoke corruption and uncontrolled debt.“The poor continue to suffer while the rich get richer,” said José Felix Castillo, 62 a high school teacher who was one of about 3,000 supporters who took to Panama City’s streets to protest the measure on Friday.Lewis Navarro noted that a portion of the revenue generated by each ton of cargothat passes through the waterway goes to education and social programs.“We aren’t talking about 40 percent poverty as a consequence of the canal,” he said “It’s exactly the opposite.”【汉译英】【汉译英】【试题一】【试题一】旅游是一项集观光、娱乐、健身为一体的愉快而美好的活动。

英语笔试二级指定教材第一单元英译汉Benjamin Franklin-”the first American”How does one characterize Benjamin Franklin?characterize英/ˈkærəktəraɪz/ vt. 描绘…的特性；具有…的特征vi. 塑造人物我们如何来描述富兰克林呢？Journalist,scientist,educator,politician,writer,administrator,philosopher-he truly seemed to be able to do almost everything.1.journalist英/ˈdʒɜːnəlɪst/ n. 新闻工作者；报人；记日志者2.politician英/ˌpɒləˈtɪʃn/ n. 政治家，政客3.administrator英/ədˈmɪnɪstreɪtə(r)/ n. 管理人；行政官4.philosopher英/fəˈlɒsəfə(r)/ n. 哲学家；哲人记者、科学家、教育家、政治家、作家、管理者、哲学家-他似乎真的无所不能。

His accomplishments and the talents and interests which he displayed during the course of his long life-1706 to 1790-have caused him to called both“the first American”and “the last universal man”.1.accomplishment英/əˈkʌmplɪʃmənt/ n. 成就；完成；技艺，技能2.universal英/ˌjuːnɪˈvɜːsl/ adj. 普遍的；通用的；宇宙的；全世界的；全体的n. 一般概念；普通性在他漫长的生命历程中（1706-1790），他取得的成就和展现出的非凡才能和广泛兴趣，使他赢得了“美国第一人”和“最后一个通人”的称号。

CATTI英语翻译二三级口笔译考试辅导丛书+真题下载汇总辅导丛书：英语二级口笔译大纲+实务+综合能力+历年真题官方用书下载英语三级口笔译大纲+实务+综合能力+历年真题官方用书下载英语三级口笔译综合+实务辅导录音全26盒mp3下载[下载]翻译资格2级口译综合能力(部分)MP3真题：[下载]全国翻译专业资格水平考试辅导丛书—英语三级笔译考试真题详解(2003-2005)[下载]2004年5月英语二级笔译综合能力试题及答案[下载]2003年12月英语二级口译综合能力试题及答案[下载]2004年5月英语三级笔译实务试题及答案[下载]2003年英语三级口译综合能力录音材料[下载]2003年12月英语三级口译实务试题及答案各种口笔译教程、试题资料汇总（2009年10月16日更新）纳米盘下载不了的同学，可点击实用翻译教程迅雷全部下载可用Ctrl+F，在左下角会出现“查找： ”，可输入你想要查找的书籍笔译：【中文】《中国翻译通史》(A History of Translation in China)达妮卡：口笔译概论翻译期刊集合梅德明：新编商务英语翻译翁凤翔：当代国际商务英语翻译介绍翻译研究Introducing Translaiton Studies【实用翻译教程】Edwin Gentzler：当代翻译理论（第二版）许钧等：文学翻译的理论与实践-翻译对话录（8月7日更新）（中国对外翻译出版公司）刘重德：西方译论研究.pdf（8月7日更新）2本李延林等：英语文化翻译学教程(理论+实践)（8月7日更新）英国诗选-卞之琳译+卞之琳的翻译思想与译诗实践漫谈期刊（8月7日更新） 张保红：汉英诗歌翻译与比较研究（8月7日更新）查良铮：雪莱抒情诗选英译.pdf（8月7日更新）文学翻译实用指南Literary Translation-A Practical Guide（8月7日更新）刘重德：文学翻译十讲.pdf（8月7日更新）翻译与翻译过程：理论与实践.pdf（8月6日更新）郭建中：科普与科幻翻译-理论、技巧与实践.pdf（8月6日更新）（英文原版）文化构建：文学翻译论集.pdf（8月6日更新）孙迎春：汉英双向翻译学语林.pdf（8月6日更新）程永生：描写交际翻译学.pdf（8月6日更新）翻译精要-陈定安.pdf（8月6日更新）陈定安：英汉修辞与翻译.pdf（8月6日更新）蒋坚松和黄振定：语言与翻译研究.pdf（8月6日更新）张光明：英汉修辞思维比较与翻译（8月6日更新）费道罗夫：翻译理论概要.pdf（8月6日更新）汉英英汉美文翻译与鉴赏+(中英对照)张今：文学翻译原理.pdf（8月5日更新）语内翻译与语际翻译的比较（8月5日更新）张振玉：译学概论（8月5日更新）杜建慧等：翻译学概论.pdf（8月5日更新）郭延礼_中国近代翻译文学（8月5日更新）（北京大学出版社）孔慧怡：翻译·文学·文化.pdf（8月5日更新）廖七一等：当代英国翻译理论（8月5日更新）于光中谈翻译.pdf（8月5日更新）刘季春：实用翻译教程.pdf刘牟尼：汉译英指南.pdf徐亚男：外事翻译-口译和笔译技巧.pdf张宗美：科技汉英翻译技巧.pdf李学平：通过翻译学英语.pdf稽德全：汉英翻译研究与实践.pdf胡晓吉：实用英汉对比翻译.pdf黄新渠：汉译英基本技巧(修订本）.pdf罗进德：翻译理论与实务丛书-汉英时文翻译：政治经济汉译英300句析（贾文波）.pdf方梦之：实用文本汉译英.pdf陈廷祐：跟我学翻译-英语汉译技巧.pdf[教材]魏志成：汉英比较翻译教程练习.pdf[教材]叶子南：高级英汉翻译理论与实践.pdf中国对外翻译出版：论英汉翻译技巧.pdf口译：【翻译下载】阎勇--汉英口译实用词语（2009.10.16更新）【实用翻译教程】李天舒： 最新简明英语口译教程.rar（9月3日更新）《英语口译教程》上下（8月24日更新）《英语中级口译资格证书分类试题》下载（8月24日更新）《实用英语口译教程》MP3（8月24日更新）《上海交大口译视频教程 》（8月24日更新）《商务现场口译》（8月24日更新）《高级口译历年真题解析真题原文标准答案及详解》（8月20日更新）《第三版高级口译实考试卷汇编》mp3.rar（8月20日更新）《英语高级口译全真实况》（8月20日更新）《英语口译基础教程》（8月20日更新）《英语同声传译教程》（8月20日更新）中级口译教程mp3版本下载刘和平教授口译讲座录音.rar张文：汉英英汉高级口译教程（8月5日更新）（复旦大学出版社）康志峰：英语中级口译指南[（8月5日更新）王吉玉：简明口译教程.pdf（8月5日更新）让 艾赫贝尔：口译须知.pdf张坤鹏：口译知识与技巧.pdf。

2016年11月全国翻译专业资格（水平）考试英语二级《笔译实务》试卷备注：该参考译文来源于官方指定的新世界出版社出版发行的《英语笔译实务真题解析2级》，仅供参考。

Section 1: English-Chinese translation(英译汉)(50points)Passage 1Everyone knows that weddings—the most elaborate and costly form of old school pageantry still acceptable in modern society—are stupid expensive. But it turns out Americans are now blowing even more money than ever before on what’s supposed to be the most magical day of any couple’s life together. Money that, to be honest, could be spent on much, much cooler stuff.The Knot released its annual wedding survey this week, with findings showing that couples are spending a mind-numbing average of $32,641 on matrimonial celebrations. The study includes data from nearly 18,000 pairs across the country. While the cost of a wedding varied greatly from city to city—reaching a nauseating high of $82,300 in Manhattan—the price was steep no matter where couples chose to get hitched. All this despite the fact that weddings (and marriages in general, honestly) can be a fairly impractical thing to invest in. Seriously, even 50 Cent doesn’t spend as much in a day as you’re spending on a reception band alone. Think about that.So rather than buying into the Marriage Industrial Complex on a union that may or may not work out, wouldn’t it make more sense to save your h ard-earned money by forgoing the big ceremony for the major expenses you’re likely to face in married life? Y ou know, like a mortgage. Or braces for your wallet-draining children-to-be. And if your fianceéis dead set on a fairytale wedding? Y ou could always just blow your financial load on a plenty fulfilling single life.With nearly $33,000 to spend in the life of a singledom, you could get pretty far when it comes to amenities and entertainment. Perhaps the best part of being free from the shackles of wedding planning is the opportunity to treat yourself. Like, why drop $1,400 on a frilly dress you’ll wear once before it turns to moth food when you can rock the most expensive shoes of the season and look great doing it?And while weddings are supposed to be all about the happy couple, everyone knows that’s bull, because you have to feed your guests and provide them entertainment and put a roof over their heads for a couple of hours and likely go into debt doing it.In addition to simply having fun, there are some more practical ways to spend your wedding purse as well. For instance, purchasing and providing for a nice housecat rather than dropping major dough on finger bling intended for fending off hotties for the rest of your life. Fluffy won’t care if you bring home someone new every weekend—he’ll just hate everyone indiscriminately.Passage 2My teenage son recently informed me that there is an Internet quiz to test oneself for narcissism. His friend had just taken it. “How did it turn out?” I asked. “He says he did great!” my son responded. “He got the maximum score!”When I was a child, no one outside the mental health profession talked about narcissism. People were more concerned by inadequate self-esteem, which at the time was thought to lurk behind nearly every issue. Like so many excesses of the 1970s, the self-love cult spun out of control and is now rampaging through our culture like Godzilla through Tokyo.A 2010 study in the journal Social Psychological and Personality Science found that the proportion of college students exhibiting narcissistic personality traits – based on their scores on the Narcissistic Personality Inventory, a widely used diagnostic test – has increased by more than half since the early 1980s, to 30 per cent.In their book, The Narcissism Epidemic, psychology professors Jean M. Twenge and W. Keith Campbell show that narcissism has increased as quickly as obesity has since the 1980s. Even our egos are getting fat. This is a costly problem. While full-blown narcissists often report high levels of personal satisfaction, they create havoc and misery around them. There is overwhelming evidence linking narcissism with reduced honesty and increased aggression. It’s notable for occasions like Valentine’s Da y that narcissists struggle to stay committed to romantic partners, in no small part because they find themselves superior.The full-blown narcissist might reply, “So what?” But narcissism isn’t an either-or characteristic. It’s more of a set of progre ssive symptoms (like alcoholism) than an identifiable state (like diabetes). Millions of Americans exhibit symptoms, but still have a conscience and a hunger for moral improvement. At the very least, they really do not want to be terrible people.A healthy self-love that leads to true happiness builds up one’s intrinsic well-being, as opposed to feeding shallow cravings to be admired. Cultivating amour de soi requires being fully alive at this moment, as opposed to being virtually alive while wondering what others think. The soulful connection with another person, the enjoyment of a beautiful hike alone, or a prayer of thanks over your sleeping child could be considered expressions of self-love.Section 2: Chinese-English translation(汉译英)(50points)Passage 1浙江杭州是风景秀美之地，也是创新活力之城。

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2017年全国翻译专业资格考试CATTI二级《笔译实务》教材原文及参考译文全国翻译专业资格考试CATTI二级《笔译实务》教材原文及参考译文A Survey of the Olympic GamesThe Olympic Games are an international multi-sport event2 subdivided into summer and winter games. They are each held every four years. Until 1992，they were both held in the same year. Since then, they have been separated two years apart3.There are more than 20 Summer Olympics sports, including swimming, basketball, soccer, gymnastics, boxing, weight-lifting, yachting, cycling and equestrian events. Skiing, ice-skating and ice hockey are among the 7 Winter Game sports. A competitor must be the citizen of the country he or she represents. No more than three entries from any country are permitted in each event(4 in the winter games). Only one team per country is allowed ina team sport4.There are many myths surrounding the origin of the ancient Olympic Games. The most popular legend describes that Heracles5 was the creator of the Olympic Games and built the Olympic stadium and surrounding buildings as an honor to his father, Zeus after completing his 12 labors6. According to that legend, he walked in a straight line for 400 strides and called this distance a “ stadium" that later also be came a distance calculation unit. This is also why a modern stadium is 400 meters in circumference length (1 stadium = 400 meters).From then on，the Olympic Games were quickly becoming more and more important throughout ancient Greece, reaching their zenith in the 6th and 5th centuries BC. The Olympics wereof fundamental religious importance, contests alternating with sacrifices and ceremonies honoring both Zeus (whose colossal statue stood at Olympia)，and Pelops，divine hero and mythical king of Olympia famous for his legendary chariot7 race，in whose honor the games were held. The number of events increased to 20，and the celebration was spread over several days. Winners of the events were greatly admired and were immortalized in poems and statues8. The Games were held every four years, and the period between two celebrations became known as an “Olympiad"9. The Gr eeks used Olympiads as one of their methods to count years. The most famous Olympic athlete lived in these times: the 6th century BC wrestler, Milo Croton, is the only athlete in history to win a victory in six Olympics.The Games gradually declined in importance after the Romans gained power in Greece. After Emperor Theodosius I10 made Christianity the religion of the Empire11 and banned pagan rites, theOlympic Games were outlawed as a pagan festival in 393 AD.In 1894，a French noble man，Pierrde，called a meeting in Paris that led to the first modern Olympic Games, held in Athens in 1896. Thirteen nations sent a total of 285 men, and the Games were revived. Since then the Olympics have been held in different cities of the world once every four years, with the exception of war years 1916, 1940 and 1944. Women first competed in 1912. In 1924 the Winter Olympics were instituted at Chamonix, France.The Olympic Games should be a good occasion to promote world sports，understanding and friendship among different nations, but unfortunately the Games were frequently affectedby politics resulting in the boycotts of the Games. The 1956 Melbourne Olympics were the first Olympics that were boycotted by the Netherlands, Spain, and Switzerland.In 1980 and 1984, the Cold War opponents12 boycotted each other's games. Sixty-five nations refused to compete at the Moscow Olympics13 in 1980 because of the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. The boycott reduced the number of nations participating to only 81，the lowest number of nations to compete since 1956. The Soviet Union and 14 of its Eastern Bloc14 partners (except Romania) countered by skipping the Los Angeles Olympics15 in 1984.注释这是一篇介绍奥林匹克运动会历史的短文，选自《百科全书》。