Wilson Loop on a Light-Cone Cylinder

春天来了你在街上看到人们在做什么英语作文全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1Spring is Here! What Are People Doing Outside?Spring is finally here! After a long, cold winter, the warm weather has arrived and everyone is so excited to be outside enjoying the sunshine. When I walk around my neighborhood, I see all sorts of fun activities happening now that spring is in full bloom.One of the first things I notice are all the gardens starting to come back to life. My neighbors are hard at work planting flowers, vegetables, and other plants. Mrs. Johnson next door spends hours each day tending to her flower beds, carefully placing colorful flowers in the ground. She has bright red tulips, yellow daffodils, and pretty pink roses. The garden looks so cheerful and alive!Down the street, old Mr. Wilson is working on his vegetable garden. He's an expert at growing delicious tomatoes, cucumbers, carrots and more. I've watched as he tilled the soil, dug rows for planting, and carefully placed the seeds and starterplants in the ground. He makes sure to water the garden every day. I can't wait until his veggies are grown so I can try some!Kids are also spending a lot more time outdoors now that it's nice out. The playground is full of the sounds of kids laughing, screaming, and playing on the swings and slides. Lots of kids are riding bikes, skateboards, and scooters around the neighborhood too. Sometimes I see kids playing catch or frisbee at the park. We even had our first neighborhood kickball game last weekend!It's also fun to watch people working on home improvement projects in the spring. Mr. and Mrs. Adams across the street are giving their house a fresh coat of yellow paint. The bright color looks so cheery! Their teenage sons are helping out too by painting the trim around the windows and doors. A few houses down, the Sanchez family is re-doing their roof with new shingles. I've never seen so many materials and tools set up in their driveway before!Some of my other neighbors are working hard on their lawns and yards too. I've watched Mr. Liu spending hours every weekend raking up leaves, pulling weeds, spreading new mulch, and planting fresh sod. His grass already looks so lush and green!The Davis family next to him is busy power washing their deck and patio to get it ready for cookouts and parties this summer.Of course, now that the weather is nice, people are out walking their dogs way more often too. I see kids and grown-ups out walking their furry friends all the time, sometimes carrying baggies to clean up after them. Some dogs are really energetic, pulling their owners down the sidewalk. Others are more laid back, sniffing everything in sight as they leisurely stroll along.One of my favorite spring activities is when the ice cream truck comes around! As soon as I hear that iconic jingle playing, kids come running from every direction with dollars in hand, excited for a cold treat. We all crowd around the window, trying to decide between strawberry shortcake, superman, or chocolate chip cookie dough ice cream. The line gets super long on sunny days!Some bigger events happen in my neighborhood each spring too. Just last weekend, our community had a big neighborhood-wide garage sale. It seemed like every other house had tables and boxes full of stuff set up in their driveway or yard. My best friend's family was selling old toys, books, clothes, furniture and more. I saw lots of people wheeling away neat old finds they had purchased.Another fun annual event is the community spring clean-up day. Neighbors all join together to pick up litter around our neighborhood. We split into teams and see who can collect the most bags of trash. It's hard work, but we get rewarded with a big pizza party and ice cream sundaes at the end!Whether it's planting gardens, playing outdoors, fixing up houses, or just being able to enjoy the sunshine again, it's clear that spring puts everyone in my neighborhood in a cheerful mood. I love seeing all the colorful flowers blooming, green grass growing, and everyone's smiling faces after being stuck inside all winter. The warm weather brings people together to work on projects, host events, or just relax outside with friends and family. Spring is such a wonderful, lively time in our little neighborhood!篇2Spring is Finally Here!Hooray, spring is here at last! After a long, cold winter, the warm sun and colorful flowers are finally back. I love this time of year because everything seems to come alive again. The trees start growing green leaves, birds chirp happily in the morning,and everyone has a little extra spring in their step. It's like the whole world is waking up from a deep sleep.One of my favorite things about spring is seeing what people do outside now that the weather is nice. Our street always seems so lively and full of activity when spring rolls around. I've noticed people doing all sorts of fun things that they couldn't do during the winter months. Let me tell you about some of the sights I've seen lately!First off, you can't miss all the kids out playing after school. We've been cooped up inside for too long, so as soon as that warm spring air arrives, we head straight outside. You'll find kids riding bikes, skating, playing basketball, jumping rope, you name it. The sounds of laughter and bouncing balls fill the air. My friends and I have been playing chase, hopscotch, and our favorite games in the park down the street. We try to soak up as much sunshine as we can before having to go back inside for the night.It's also nice to see families out strolling together in the evenings. Little brothers and sisters toddle along as parents push strollers down the sidewalk. Older kids race ahead on scooters and bikes, laughing and calling out to each other. Dogs bark excitedly as they get walked by their owners, tongues hangingout. Everyone is just so happy to be outside enjoying the fresh spring air after being cramped indoors all winter.You'll also notice a lot of people working in their yards, getting their gardens and flowerbeds ready for planting. I've watched neighbors raking leaves, pulling weeds, and spreading fresh mulch and soil. The sweet smell of blooming flowers is starting to drift through the neighborhood. My dad has been hard at work in our backyard, fixing up our patio furniture and planting tomatoes, zucchini, and other veggies in his garden. He gets really into it, whistling away as he works up a sweat under the sun.Another fun thing to see is all the outdoor activities that start popping up in spring. At the park, there are kids' soccer and baseball teams holding practices on the fields. Families have picnics in the grass, tossing frisbees and kicking around balls. I even saw a birthday party happening at one of the park's pavilions last weekend, with colorful balloons and decorations.Downtown, restaurants start opening up their outdoor patios again. You can hear lively chatter and the clanking of dishes as people enjoy meals outside in the fresh air. Food trucks and snack stands pop up along the streets too, offering tastytreats like ice cream, lemonade, and hot dogs. You can't beat chowing down on a drippy ice cream cone on a warm spring day!I also noticed that more people are walking or biking places instead of driving in their cars. It's so nice out that people would rather get some exercise than be stuck in a car. I've seen tons of people going for jogs or bike rides, dog walkers strolling along, and kids skateboarding or roller blading to the park. Stores have racks of shiny new bikes for sale out on the sidewalks, beckoning people to buy a new set of wheels for cruising around town.One of my favorite spring sights, though, is all the people working in their yards and gardens. It's like a rainbow explodes on our block with all the bright flowers and plants that everyone puts out. Old ladies can be spotted gently pruning their rose bushes, while retired men spend hours hunched over meticulously pulling each little weed from their prized flowerbeds. Neighbors chat over the fences about their landscaping plans as kids run through the sprinklers and sprinklers.Spring just seems to put everyone in a happier, more relaxed mood. At night, I can hear the chirping of crickets and the murmurs of people's conversations as they linger outside, not wanting to retreat back indoors yet. Dogs bark cheerfully atpassersby, and the yummy aromas of backyard barbecues fill the streets. It's all just so alive and vibrant after the dreary stillness of winter.I just love the energy that spring brings to our neighborhood. There's something special about being able to fling open the windows, step outside into the warm breeze, and let the sunshine soak into your skin. Everyone emerges from their houses like butterflies from cocoons, eager to spend time outdoors surrounded by blooming nature. I always feel so rejuvenated and happy when I see the sights and sounds of spring happening all around me. It's like the whole world has woken up refreshed and ready for fun and adventure. I can't wait for an entire season filled with sunshine, outdoor play, and adventures around every street corner!篇3Spring is Here! What are People Doing Outside?Hooray, spring is finally here! After a long, cold winter stuck inside, it's so exciting to see people out and about enjoying the beautiful weather. When I walk around my neighborhood, there are all sorts of fun activities happening on the streets and in the parks. Let me tell you about some of the things I've seen!One of the first signs of spring is all the kids riding their bikes, scooters, and skateboards around the neighborhood. All winter long, our bikes were gathering dust in the garage. But now that the snow is gone and the sun is shining, the streets are full of kids laughing and racing each other. My friend Tyler is an awesome biker and can even do tricks like wheelies and jumps off ramps. I'm not quite that brave yet, but I love feeling the wind in my hair as I cruise around. Sometimes a bunch of us will decorate our bikes with streamers and flowers to make them extra spring-y!The parks are packed with families having picnics, playing frisbee, and running around. Little kids squeal with delight as their parents push them on the swing sets. Older kids play tag, climb trees, and kick balls around. Everyone seems so happy and energetic after being cooped up all winter. My favorite is when there's a family picnic and I catch a whiff of the delicious food - burgers sizzling on the grill, juicy watermelon, and yummy lemonade. Maybe they'll invite me over if I give them a bright smile!You can really tell spring is here by all the yardwork and gardening happening. Dads are out mowing their lawns, while moms rake up leftover leaves and plant colorful flowers. I've seenold ladies in big floppy hats kneeling in their gardens, carefully tending to their tulips and daffodils. And the landscaping trucks are always around, blowing leaves and spreading fresh mulch. The air is filled with the zesty scents of fresh-cut grass and blooming flowers. It makes me so glad to have my windows open and breathe in that spring fragrance!Some of the funniest things I've witnessed are dogs going totally nuts with excitement over spring. You can hear them barking and howling from blocks away as their owners try to walk them. The pups are straining at their leashes, sniffing every blade of grass, and rolling around in delight at being outside again. A couple times I've seen dogs dragging their owners down the street because they get so carried away with all the sights and smells. It's like the dogs went stir-crazy all winter and finally get to release that pent-up energy.Of course, not everyone is thrilled that spring is back. I've noticed plenty of folks sneezing and rubbing their itchy eyes because of allergies. The poor mailman looks miserable having to walk around in all that pollen. And some grumpy old men on my street grumble about having to get out and take care of their yards again. But for a kid like me, spring is just the best! No morebeing trapped indoors - I can play outside for hours chasing butterflies, climbing trees, and soaking up the warm sunshine.Another major sign of spring around here is all the construction that begins. My dad says spring is prime time for road crews to get started on repairing the streets after winter's harsh weather. You see those big, loud machines everywhere - jackhammers breaking up old concrete, steamrollers paving new surfaces, and work trucks hauling materials. Sometimes there are traffic jams and detours because of the roadwork, but it's a small price to pay for smooth driving once it's done. My absolute favorite construction workers are the guys painting fresh lines on the roads. I get such a kick out of watching the neat way those painters perfectly stripe the roads!I've noticed that as the weather gets warmer, more and more people are walking their neighborhoods rather than driving places. It's so pleasant to stroll around, feeling the gentle breeze and warm sunshine on your face, waving to neighbors along the way. The sidewalks come alive with joggers, dog-walkers, kids on scooters, and moms pushing strollers. Everyone has a little more pep in their step, like the bright sunny days instill extra energy and happiness. What I love most are the kids running impromptu lemonade stands, shouting "Lemonade for sale!" while wavinghomemade signs. Of course, I always insist my mom buy a cup to support their entrepreneurial spirits!In the evenings, you can catch people out grilling dinners in their backyards, cold drinks in hand as they flip burgers and watch the kids play. The smoky, savory aromas from those backyard barbecues make my mouth water. Dads are real grill masters in the springtime! As it gets closer to dusk, fireflies start twinkling in the yards and yards feel magical. Sometimes families will roast marshmallows over fire pits or make s'mores. I've even seen a few sleepovers happen, with tents pitched out on lawns so kids can sleep outside under the stars. It's all justpicture-perfect spring fun.Spring brings so much energy and vibrancy to our neighborhoods. Everywhere you look, there are people out walking dogs, kids riding bikes, parents playing sports with their kids, folks tending to their gardens and yards. The whole community seems to wake up from winter's slumber, ready to soak up sunshine and celebrate nature's rebirth. I just love the feeling of spring renewal in the air - it puts an extra little skip in my step! After a dreary winter stuck inside, seeing people out enjoying the bright, mild days gives me a deep appreciation forliving in a place with four distinct seasons. I can't wait for more spring adventures ahead!。

3B SCIENTIFIC® PHYSICSBasic Experiments in Optics on the Optical Bench U17145Instruction sheet05/11/ALF/MEC1. Overview of the Experiments Experiment 1: Demonstration of the various raybeamsExperiment 2: Reflection of a ray of light from aplane mirrorExperiment 3: Reflection of a light beam from aplane mirrorExperiment 4: Reflection of a light beam from aconcave or convex mirror Experiment 5: Snell's law of refraction Experiment 6: Refraction of light through aplaneparallel plateExperiment 7: Refraction of light through aprismExperiment 8: Inverting prismsExperiment 9: Concave and convex lenses2. Scope of delivery1 Optical bench U, 120 cm (U17150)3 Optical rider U, 75 mm (U17160)1 Optical rider U, 30 mm (U17161)1 Experiment lamp, halogen (U17140)1 Spare lamp, halogen 12 V, 50 W (U13735)1 Object holder on a stem (U8474000)1 Convexlens,f = + 150 mm; 50 mm Ø (U17103)1 Set of slits and apertures (U17040)1 Optical disc with accessories (U17128)1 Storage strip (U17120)3. Safety instructions•Warning! Lamps become extremely hot when operated for prolonged periods of time.•Do not clean any of the optical components with aggressive fluids or solvents. This could cause damage!4. Experiment examples Experiment 1: Demonstration of various raybeams1.1 Equipment1 Opticalbench1 Experimentallamp1 Object holder, shaft-mounted1 Fivefold slit from U170401 Convexlensf = +150 mm3 Optical riders 75 mm1 Optical rider 30 mmAdditionally required:1 TransformerU139001 Projection screen U171301.2 Set up•Place the experimental lamp horizontally on the rail at the 10 cm position.•Place the object holder with five-fold slit hori-zontally on the rail at the 20 cm position. •Place the convex lens at the 25 cm position. •Mount the projection screen on the small rider.1.3 Procedure•When the convex lens is not used, the ray beam is divergent.•When the convex lens is placed at the 25 cm position we obtain a parallel beam of rays. •When the convex lens is moved away from the light source a converging beam of rays is pro-duced.Experiment 2: Reflection of a ray of light froma plane mirror2.1 Equipment1 Opticalbench1 Experimentallamp1 Object holder, shaft mounted1 Diaphragm with single slit from U170401 Convexlensf = +150 mm1 Optical disc1 Plane mirror from U171283 Optical riders 75 mm1 Optical rider 30 mmAdditionally required:1 TransformerU139002.2 Set up•Place the experimental lamp horizontally on the rail at the 10 cm position.•Place the object holder with single-slit dia-phragm horizontally on the rail at the 20 cm position.•Place the concave lens at the 25 cm position. •Mount the optical disc with plane mirror on a small optical rider at the 40 cm position.2.3 Procedure•Fasten the plane mirror mounted on the opti-cal disc to the 90° to -90° line.•Set the height of the disc so that the incident light ray is reflected from the 0° line.•By rotating the disc we can verify the law of reflection, which states that the angle of inci-dence is equal to the angle of reflection.Experiment 3: Reflection of a light beam froma plane mirror3.1 Equipment1 Opticalbench1 Experimentallamp1 Object holder, shaft mounted1 Fivefold slit from U170401 Convexlensf = +150 mm1 Optical disc1 Plane mirror from U171283 Optical riders 75 mm1 Optical rider 30 mmAdditionally required:1 TransformerU139003.2 Set up•Place the experimental lamp horizontally on the rail at the 10 cm position..•Place the object holder with the five-fold slit at the 20 cm position.•Place the convex lens at the 25 cm position. •Mount the optical disc with plane mirror on a small optical rider at the 40 cm position.3.3 Procedure•Attach the plane mirror on the optical disc at the 90°-90° line.•Adjust the height of the disc so that the middle ray of light propagates along the 0° line and all rays are reflected into each other.•By rotating the disc it is demonstrated that a parallel incident beam of light is also parallel after being reflected.•By moving the lens away from the light source it can be demonstrated that a converging light beam is also reflected as a converging light beam.•Without the use of the convex lens it can be demonstrated that a divergent light beam also diverges upon reflection.Experiment 4: Reflection of a light beam froma concave or convex mirror4.1 Equipment1 Opticalbench1 Experimentallamp1 Object holder, shaft mounted1 Fivefold slit from U170401 Convexlensf = +150 mm1 Optical disc1 Plane mirror from U171283 Optical riders 75 mm1 Optical rider 30 mmAdditionally required:1 TransformerU139004.2 Set up•Place the experimental lamp horizontally on the rail at the 10 cm position.•Place the object holder with five-fold slit hori-zontally on the rail at the 20 cm position. •Place the convex lens at the 25 cm position. •Place the optical disc with convex mirror on the small rider at the 40 cm position.4.3 Procedure•Fasten the concave mirror on the optical disc on the 90°-90° line.•Adjust the height of the disc so that the middle ray of light travels along the 0° line and is re-flected into itself.•Use the lens to generate a parallel beam. •The incidenting rays are reflected so that they all pass through and converge at a single pointF. This point is the focal point of the mirror. •Repeat the experiment with converging and diverging light beams.•Result: a concave mirror causes the rays to converge.•Rotate the optical disc by 180° so that the incident rays are reflected by the convex mir-ror. Carry out the same procedural steps as stated above.• A convex mirror causes the rays to diverge.Experiment 5: Snell's law of refraction5.1 Equipment1 Opticalbench1 Experimentallamp1 Object holder, shaft mounted1 Diaphragm with single slit from U170401 Convexlensf = +150 mm1 Optical disc1 Semi-circular body from U171283 Optical riders 75 mm1 Optical rider 30 mmAdditionally required:1 TransformerU139005.2 Set up•Place the experimental lamp horizontally on the rail at the 10 cm position.•Place the object holder with single slot dia-phragm horizontally on the rail at the 20 cmposition.•Place the concave lens at the 25 cm position. •Mount the optical disc with semi-circular body on the small rider at the 40 cm position.5.3 Procedure•Fasten the semi-circular body on the optical disc on the 90°-90° line so that the plane sideis facing the light source.•Adjust the height of the disc so that the inci-denting light ray propagates along the 0° lineand is incident at the precise center of thesemicircular body. The ray of light then propa-gates uninterrupted along the 0° line.•When the disc is rotated, the light ray is re-fracted toward the normal at the point of inci-dence.•The disc is now rotated by 180° so that the convex disc is facing the light source. The lightray is now refracted away from the normal atthe point of incidence.βn n•When the light ray passes from one medium with the refractive index n 1 to another medium with the refractive index n 2 its directional change is determined by Snell's law of refrac-tion:sin sin α=βconstant or12sin sin n n α=β • α is the angle of incidence in medium n 1 and β is the angle of refraction in medium n 2.•The bigger the angle of incidence is, the larger the angle of refraction becomes. I f n 1 < n 2, there is a critical angle α. At this angle the re-fracted ray of light is refracted along the inter-face between two media. I f the angle of inci-dence is greater than the critical angle, then there is no longer any refraction and all light is reflected. This case is referred to as total inter-nal reflection.Experiment 6: Refraction in a plane-parallelplate6.1 Equipment 1 Optical bench 1 Experimental lamp 1 Object holder, shaft mounted 1 Diaphragm with single slit from U17040 1 Convex lens f = +150 mm 1 Optical disc 1 Trapezoidal body from U17128 3 Optical riders 75 mm 1 Optical rider 30 mm Additionally required: 1 Transformer U139006.2 Set up• Place the experimental lamp horizontally onthe rail at the 5 cm position.• Set up the object holder including diaphragmwith single slit at the 20 cm position.• Place the concave lens at the 25 cm position. • Set up the optical disc with trapezoidal bodyon the small optical rider at the 40 cm posi-tion.6.3 Procedure• Fasten the trapezoidal body on the optical discalong the 90° to -90° line so that its long side faces the light source. The middle section of the trapezoidal body acts like a plane-parallel plate.• Adjust the height of the disc so that the inci-denting light beam propagates on the 0° line and is not refracted by the trapezoidal body. • Rotate the disc so that the beam is now re-fracted.• The direction of the outgoing light ray is notaltered.• The outgoing light ray is nevertheless divertedfrom its original path by a distance d . For a plate of h density, this gives the following ford : sin()cos d h α−β=⋅βExperiment 7: Refraction at a prism7.1 Equipment 1 Optical bench 1 Experimental lamp 1 Object holder, shaft mounted 1 Diaphragm with single slit from U17040 1 Convex lens f = +150 mm 1 Optical disc 1 Trapezoidal body from U17128 1 Right-angled prism from U17128 3 Optical riders 75 mm 1 Optical rider 30 mm Additionally required: 1 Transformer U139007.2 Set up•Place the experimental lamp at the 5 cm posi-tion.•Set up the object holder with diaphragm in-cluding single slit at the 20 cm position. •Place the concave lens at the 25 cm position. •Set the optical disc with trapezoidal body on the small optical rider at the 40 cm position.7.3 Procedure•Fasten the trapezoidal body onto the optical disc along the 90° to -90° line so that the pyramid points upwards.•Adjust the height of the disc so that the inci-dent light ray travels on the 0° line.•After the disc is rotated, the light ray incidents on the upper section of the trapezoidal body, which now functions, like a prism.•n an acrylic prism the light ray incident at point A is refracted from the axis of incidence.At the emerging point B the ray is refracted away from the axis of incidence. The sum total of all refraction angles is called the deflection angle δ. This is the angle between the incident and emerging light rays.•It can be demonstrated that the incident angle α at the minimum deflection angle δminis equal to the emerging angle β. The refracted ray then propagates inside the prism parallel to the side, which is not passed through.Experiment 8: Inverting prisms8.1 Equipment1 Opticalbench1 Experimentallamp1 Object holder, shaft mounted1 Diaphragm with single and fivefold slit from 1 Convexlensf = +150 mm1 Optical disc1 Right-angled prism from U171283 Optical riders 75 mm1 Optical rider 30 mmAdditionally required:1 TransformerU13900 8.2 Set up•Place the experimental lamp horizontally on the rail at the 5 cm position.•Place the object holder including a diaphragm with single or five-fold slot horizontally on rail at the 20 cm position.•Set up the concave lens at the 25 cm position. •Set the optical disc with right-angled prism on the small optical rider at the 40 cm position.8.3 Procedure•Fasten the right-angled prism on the optical disc along the 90°-90° line so that the right an-gle is lined up with the 0° line and faces the light source.•Adjust the height of the disc so that the inci-dent light beam propagates on the 0° line. •By rotating the disc all of the previously de-scribed phenomena can be observed.•At a certain angle (limiting angle) the ray is subject to total internal reflection.•Using the diaphragm with fivefold slit, it can be demonstrated that the rays can be reflected back in the direction from which they came.1231’2’3’1233’2’1’3B Scientific GmbH • Rudorffweg 8 • 21031 Hamburg • Germany • Subject to technical amendments Experiment 9: Concave and convex lenses9.1 Equipment 1 Optical bench 1 Experimental lamp 1 Object holder shaft-mounted 1 Diaphragm with fivefold slit from U17040 1 Concave lens f = +150 mm 1 Optical disc Lenses from U17128 3 Optical riders 75 mm 1 Optical riders 30 mm Additionally required: 1 Transformer U139009.2 Set up• Place the experimental lamp horizontally onthe rail at the 10 cm position.• Set the object holder up with fivefold slit hori-zontally on the rail at the 22 cm position. • Place the concave lens at the 27 cm position. • Set up the optical disc with lens on the smalloptical rider.9.3 Procedure• Place the convex lens in a central position onthe optical disc.• Adjust the height of the disc so that the centerof the incident light beam propagates on the 0° line.• A convex lens is a converging lens. After pass-ing through the medium the light rays all con-verge at the focal point F.• Repeat the experiment using the concave lens. • The light rays diverge after passing through thelens. No image of an object emerges. Tracing the divergent rays backwards one arrives at a virtual focal F ' where these lines meet.。

PLENUM SLOT AND LIGHT TROFFER DIFFUSERSPLENUM SLOT AND LIGHT TROFFER DIFFUSERSThe Plenum Slot Ceiling Diffusers and Light Troffer Diffusers have been developed for an extremely unobtrusive method of air distribution. Nailor offers various types of this very discreet, cost effective, air distribution product. The Plenum Slot Diffusers are for use in suspended ceiling grid systems and are offered in four distinctive performance styles. The Light Troffer Diffusers are available in many standard sizes and can be custom built to suit most types of air handling light fixtures.PLENUM SLOT DIFFUSERSThe Nailor line of Plenum Slot Diffusers have been designed to integrate and blend with T-Bar suspended grid systems. They are available for Standard Lay-in T-Bar systems as well as the Narrow Regressed T-Bar systems. Four different styles are available in a wide range of sizes and capacities for an optimum combination of application flexibility, and performance requirements. All models are available with external foil back or internal insulation. Matching return air diffusers are available for all models.GENERAL PRODUCT OVERVIEWModels 5710 and 5715-FADJUSTABLE 'ICE TONG' PATTERN CONTROLLERSUPPLY AIRThis series features a friction pivoted, adjustable, extruded aluminum pattern controller in each slot. The pattern controller has a gasketed 'ice tong' design. The direction of the airflow can be adjusted a full 180° from the face of the diffuser. This diffuser is available in 1 1/2" (38), 1" (25), 3/4" (19) and 1/2" (13) slot widths. Suffix 'I' adds internal insulation.Standard Lay-in T-Bar – Model Series 5800, 5800I Page C23Narrow Regressed T-Bar –Model Series 5800(I)-F, 5800(I)-F2 Page C25Models 5810 and 5810-F2CURVED BLADE 'FLIP FLOP' PATTERN CONTROLLERSUPPLY AIRThis series features a roll-formed curved blade pattern controller in each slot. Aerodynamically designed to produce a fixed horizontal discharge pattern, the controller is pivoted at either end and may be simply rotated with fingers from the face for either a left or right discharge direction. This diffuser is available with a 3/4" (19) slot width, and with a choice of 1, 2, 3 or 4 parallel slots. Suffix 'I' adds internal insulation.Standard Lay-in T-Bar – Model Series 5600, 5600I Page C46Narrow Regressed T-Bar – Model Series 5600(I)-F Page C48ADJUSTABLE 'WIPER BLADE' PATTERN CONTROLLER SUPPLY AIRThis series features a friction pivoted, adjustable, extruded aluminum pattern controller in each slot. The pattern controller has a gasketed 'wiper blade' design. The direction of the airflow can be adjusted a full 180° from the face of the diffuser. This diffuser is available in 1 1/2" (38), 1" (25), and 3/4" (19) slot widths. Suffix 'I' adds internal insulation.Standard Lay-in T-Bar – Model Series 5700, 5700I Page C6Narrow Regressed T-Bar –Model Series 5700(I)-F, 5700(I)-F2 Page C8P L E N U M S L O T A N D L I G H T T R O F F E R D I F F U S E R SModels 5675R, 5810R-F and 5775R-F2RETURN AIR PLENUMS FOR 5800, 5700 AND 5600 SERIESThis series of return air plenums are designed to match and complement their supply air counterpart. The plenums are for ductless return and include a light shield. Where required, extruded aluminum center tees will be used. Suffix 'I' adds internal insulation.Model Series –5700R(I), 5800R(I), 5600R(I) Page C545700R(I)-F, 5800R(I)-F Page C565700R(I)-F2, 5800R(I)-F2 Page C56N SERIESPREMIUM PERFORMANCE SUPPLY/RETURN AIRThe plenum slot diffusers in this series combines a return air plenum attached to the side of the N Series Horizontal Discharge plenum or the combination Horizontal/Vertical Discharge plenum diffuser offered in the same series. Suffix 'I' adds internal insulation.Horizontal Discharge – Models 59NR, 59NRI Page C64Horizontal/Vertical Discharge – Models 59NDR, 59NDRI Page C64Page C74 Page C74N SERIESPREMIUM PERFORMANCE SUPPLY AIRThis supply diffuser has a 3/4" (19) slot that incorporates an extruded aluminum pattern controller for a fixed horizontal discharge pattern. This plenum is also available with a down-blow section that incorporates two hinged pattern controllers to provide a vertical discharge pattern in addition to the horizontal discharge pattern. Suffix 'I' adds internal insulation.Horizontal Discharge – Models 59N, 59NI Page C64Horizontal/Vertical Discharge – Models 59ND, 59NDI Page C64P L E N U M S L O T A N D L I G H T T R O F F E R D I F F U S E R SSTANDARD FEATURES:• Simple 'Flip Flop' pattern controller adjustment, from face of diffuser for left or right blow pattern.• Available in 20", 24", 30", 36", 48" and 60" (500, 600, 750, 900, 1200 and 1500 mm) nominal lengths to suit both imperial and metric ceiling systems.• Choice of 1, 2, 3 or 4 parallel slots.• Standard unit is 11" (279) in height.• Factory installed center T-Bars on multi-slot models are standard.• Blades are shipped locked. They may be set for left or right airflow pattern after installation.CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL:Corrosion-resistant steel.FINISH OPTIONS:Black on pattern controllers and exposed surfaces. AW Appliance White on center T-Bars.OPTIONS AND ACCESSORIES:• Internal insulation (add suffix 'I' to model number).• EIC Extended Inlet Collar (2.25" [57]) with bead.• EQT Earthquake Tabs.• For additional options and accessories, see page C61.Model Series 5600 Plenum Slot Ceiling Diffusers have been designed for standard Lay-in T-Bar ceiling grid applications. They integrate and blend with the suspended grid, so offering an extremely unobtrusive method of air distribution. Designed with the popular 3/4" (19) or 1" (25) slot spacing, the 5600 Series design offers high performance and extremely good value, where budgetary restraints are a consideration.Model Series 5600 features a roll-formed curved blade pattern controller in each slot. Aerodynamically designed to produce a fixed horizontal discharge pattern, the controller is pivoted at either end and may be simply rotated with fingers from the diffuser face for either a left or right discharge direction.In either horizontal discharge setting, the coanda effect is maximized and a tight blanket of air is projected across the ceiling. The horizontal pattern is maintained throughout a wide range of cataloged air volumes from maximum to minimum flow. Factory furnished center tees are dropped below the diffuser face to match the ceiling grid. Therefore, the 5600 Series provides excellent performance in variable air volume applications.Uninsulated Models:5675 3/4" (19) Slot Width 5610 1" (25) Slot WidthInsulated Models:5675I 3/4" (19) Slot Width 5610I 1" (25) Slot WidthPLENUM SLOT AND LIGHT TROFFER DIFFUSERSC(8)DIMENSIONAL DATA:P L E N U M S L O T A N D L I G H T T R O F F E R D I F F U S E R SStraddle Mount Models:5675(I)-F 3/4" (19) Slot Width 5610(I)-F1" (25) Slot Width• Suffix 'I' adds internal insulationSTANDARD FEATURES:• Simple 'Flip Flop' pattern controller adjustment, from face of diffuser for left or right blow pattern.• Available in 24" or 48" (600 or 1200) nominal lengths to suit both imperial and metric ceiling systems.• A cross notch is a recommended standard option on 48" (1200) long units which allows the plenum to be installed in a 24" x 24" (600 x 600) ceiling grid.• Series 5600-F is available in a one or two slot configuration.• The single slot units are for installation alongside a main runner.• 5600-F two slot unit has a center hat channel that is designed to straddle a main T-Bar runner.CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL:Corrosion-resistant steel.FINISH OPTIONS:Black on pattern controllers and exposed surfaces. AW Appliance White on center T-Bars.OPTIONS AND ACCESSORIES:• Internal insulation (add suffix 'I' to model number).• EIC Extended Inlet Collar (2.25" [57]) with bead.• EQT Earthquake Tabs.• For additional options and accessories, see page C61.Model Series 5600-F Plenum Slot Ceiling Diffusers have been specially developed to integrate with and compliment 'Fineline ®' type suspended ceiling grids, thus offering an extremely unobtrusive method of air distribution. Available in a wide range of sizes and capacities, the design offers the optimum combination of application flexibility, high performance and low cost.This series features a 'Flip Flop' roll-formed curved blade pattern controller in each slot. Aerodynamically designed to produce a fixed horizontal discharge pattern, the controller is pivoted at either end and may be rotated with fingers from the diffuser face for either a left or right discharge direction. Either horizontal discharge setting, the coanda effect is maximized and a tight blanket of air is projected across the ceiling. The horizontal pattern is maintained throughout a wide range of cataloged air volumes from maximum to minimum flow.The single slot units, for all models, are for installation alongside a main T-Bar runner. The 5600-F Series two slot units incorporate a center hat channel and are designed to straddle, longitudinally, along a main T-Bar runner.Model 5610-FCMODEL SERIES 5600-FDIMENSIONAL DATA:MODEL SERIES: 5600-F • NARROW REGRESSED T-BAR MODELSModel Series 5600-FPLENUM SLOT AND LIGHT TROFFER DIFFUSERSP L E N U M S L O T A N D L I G H T T R O F F E R D I F F U S E R S1 Slot • 24" (610) Long, 6" (152) Inlet •48" (1219) Long, 8" (203) InletAirflow, CFM/FT.203040506070Static Pressure .027.059.104.153.228.307Noise Criteria 202327303335Throw 1 3.3 6.38.09.510.711.7Throw 211.515.019.021.023.024.52 Slot • 24" (610) Long, 8" (203) Inlet •48" (1219) Long, 10" (254) InletAirflow, CFM/FT.406080100120140Static Pressure .028.061.115.165.240.335Noise Criteria 202429333638Throw 1 3.77.79.010.512.013.0Throw 212.516.019.022.024.025.53 Slot • 24" (610) Long, 8" (203) Inlet •48" (1219) Long, 10" (254) InletAirflow, CFM/FT.6090120150180210Static Pressure .030.064.120.184.265.350Noise Criteria 212530353942Throw 1 4.59.010.211.513.014.0Throw 212.717.020.023.025.227.54 Slot • 24" (610) Long, 10" (254) Inlet •48" (1219) Long, 12" (305) InletAirflow, CFM/FT.80120160200240280Static Pressure .034.071.134.203.292.392Noise Criteria 222631374145Throw 1 5.210.011.212.013.515.0Throw 213.517.721.024.526529.0Performance Notes:1. Throws are given at 150 and 50 fpm terminal velocities under isothermalconditions.Throw 1 is Throw @ 150 feet per minuteterminal velocity at 9'-0" ceiling height.Throw 2 is Throw @ 50 feet per minuteterminal velocity at 9'-0" ceiling height.2. All Pressures are in inches w.g..3. Throw data is for one-way blow in opposite direction to inlet collar under isothermal conditions.4. Noise Criteria [NC] values based on aroom absorption of 10 dB, re 10-12watts.Dash (–) in space denotes a Noise Criteria level less than 15. 5. Data derived from tests conducted in accordance with ANSI/ASHRAEStandard 70 – 2006.PLENUM SLOT AND LIGHT TROFFER DIFFUSERSPerformance Notes:1. Throws are given at 150, 100 and 50 fpm terminal velocities under isothermalconditions.2. All Pressures are in inches w.g..3. Cataloged throws are for a one-wayhorizontal air pattern. For dividedairflow, deduce the airflow in each direction according to the number of slots, with the total airflow apportioned between the slots. Look up throw for the airflow in each direction according to the number of slots in that direction.4. Noise Criteria [NC] values based on aroom absorption of 10 dB, re 10-12watts. Dash (–) in space denotes a Noise Criteria level less than 15. 5. Data derived from tests conductedin accordance with ANSI/ASHRAEStandard 70 – 2006.1 Slot • 24" (610) Long 1 Slot • 48" (1219) Long 6" Round Inlet Airflow, CFM 507595120140165185Total Pressure .046.093.141.216.287.390.483Static Pressure .042.083.125.191.252.342.423Noise Criteria –182329323638Throw6-11-2011-16-2514-19-2817-22-3119-24-3321-26-3523-27-378" Round Inlet Airflow, CFM 5080105135160190215Total Pressure .044.102.162.248.332.446.554Static Pressure .043.098.156.238.318.427.529Noise Criteria –172329333740Throw4-8-169-13-2212-17-2515-19-2917-21-3119-23-3320-25-3510" Oval InletAirflow, CFM 6085110135160185210Total Pressure .056.103.162.232.314.408.513Static Pressure .055.101.159.228.308.400.503Noise Criteria –152227313538Throw5-10-1910-15-2513-19-2916-22-3319-24-3521-26-3822-28-406" Round Inlet Airflow, CFM 80120155195230270305Total Pressure .040.109.175.256.334.428.516Static Pressure .029.084.133.190.241.300.353Noise Criteria –172430353943Throw6-11-2011-16-2614-20-3017-23-3419-25-3621-27-3823-29-408" Round Inlet Airflow, CFM 100140180220260300340Total Pressure .043.084.138.204.283.375.479Static Pressure .038.074.120.178.246.326.416Noise Criteria –152228323640Throw8-11-1911-15-2314-18-2616-20-2917-22-3119-24-3320-25-3410" Oval Inlet Airflow, CFM 100145190235280325370Total Pressure .036.076.128.191.265.350.447Static Pressure .034.071.119.177.246.325.414Noise Criteria –182429323639Throw3-6-146-10-199-14-2311-16-2613-19-2815-20-3016-22-3212" Oval InletAirflow, CFM 120170220270320370420Total Pressure .049.097.160.238.331.439.562Static Pressure .047.093.153.228.317.421.538Noise Criteria –202631353942Throw5-11-2110-16-2614-20-3017-23-3320-25-3622-27-3824-29-40P L E N U M S L O T A N D L I G H T T R O F F E R D I F F U S E R SPerformance Notes:1. Throws are given at 150, 100 and 50 fpm terminal velocities under isothermalconditions.2. All Pressures are in inches w.g..3. Cataloged throws are for a one-wayhorizontal air pattern. For dividedairflow, deduce the airflow in each direction according to the number of slots, with the total airflow apportioned between the slots. Look up throw for the airflow in each direction according to the number of slots in that direction.4. Noise Criteria [NC] values based on aroom absorption of 10 dB, re 10-12watts. Dash (–) in space denotes a Noise Criteria level less than 15. 5. Data derived from tests conductedin accordance with ANSI/ASHRAEStandard 70 – 2006.2 Slot • 24" (610) Long 2 Slot • 48" (1219) Long 6" Round Inlet Airflow, CFM 90125160195230265300Total Pressure .051.097.156.228.313.412.524Static Pressure .037.069.111.161.220.288.366Noise Criteria –212732364043Throw11-15-2515-20-2918-23-3321-26-3623-28-3825-30-4026-31-428" Round Inlet Airflow, CFM 90130170210250290330Total Pressure .041.070.111.166.233.313.405Static Pressure .037.061.096.142.199.267.346Noise Criteria –192530353841Throw8-13-2113-17-2616-20-2918-23-3220-25-3422-26-3623-28-3810" Oval InletAirflow, CFM 100145190235280325370Total Pressure .042.071.116.178.257.353.465Static Pressure .040.066.107.165.238.327.432Noise Criteria –172531364043Throw10-15-2414-20-2918-23-3321-26-3623-28-3925-30-4127-32-436" Round Inlet Airflow, CFM 150185220255290325360Total Pressure .092.133.183.242.310.387.472Static Pressure .053.073.098.128.162.201.244Noise Criteria ––2126313639Throw7-10-168-12-1810-13-1911-14-2112-16-2213-17-2313-17-248" Round Inlet Airflow, CFM 160220280340400460520Total Pressure .049.089.140.201.274.357.450Static Pressure .035.063.097.138.186.241.303Noise Criteria –152329343943Throw9-14-2013-18-2515-20-2918-22-3119-24-3421-26-3622-27-3810" Oval Inlet Airflow, CFM 180250320390460530600Total Pressure .042.077.126.188.263.352.454Static Pressure .034.062.101.151.213.285.367Noise Criteria –162430353943Throw10-14-2213-18-2616-20-2919-23-3220-24-3422-26-3523-27-3712" Oval InletAirflow, CFM 200285370455540625710Total Pressure .047.098.165.247.345.460.590Static Pressure .042.087.146.219.306.407.522Noise Criteria –182632374144Throw9-14-2213-18-2716-21-3118-24-3320-25-3622-27-3823-28-40MODELS 5675(I) AND 5610(I)'FLIP FLOP' SUPPLY AIR PLENUM SLOT DIFFUSERSSUGGESTED SPECIFICATION:Standard Lay-in T-BarFurnish and install Nailor Models5675(I) (3/4" [19] slot) or 5610(I) (1" [25] slot) Plenum Slot Supply Diffusers of the sizes and capacities as shown on the plans and air distribution schedules. The plenum shall be manufactured from corrosion-resistant steeland include a roll-formed, curved blade, 'flip flop' style pattern controller in each slot. The pattern deflector shall be adjustable fromthe face of the diffuser for a left or right blow pattern. The plenum shall have a side inlet with a neck not less than 1 1/4" (32) deepfor connection to the duct. The diffuser shall be supplied in nominal standard lengths of 20", 24", 30", 36", 48" and 60" (500, 600, 750, 900, 1200 and 1500) and have one, two, three or four slots as specified. Multi-slot units shall include extruded aluminum centerT-Bars. The pattern controllers and all exposed edges shall have a BK Black finish and the center T-Bars shall have an AW AppliancePLENUM SLOT AND LIGHT TROFFER DIFFUSERS White finish. Models 5675I or 5610I shall be lined internally with insulation.The manufacturer shall provide published performance data for the plenum slot diffuser, which shall be tested in accordance with ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 70–2006.MODELS 5675(I)-F AND 5610(I)-F'FLIP FLOP' SUPPLY AIR PLENUM SLOT DIFFUSERS FOR NARROW REGRESSED CEILING GRIDS SUGGESTED SPECIFICATION:Narrow Regressed T-Bar, Straddle MountFurnish and install Nailor Models5675(I)-F (3/4" [19] slot) or 5610(I)-F (1" [25] slot) Plenum Slot Supply Diffusers for Narrow Regressed T-Bar of the sizes and capacities as shown on the plans and air distribution schedules. The diffuser shall fit within a Narrow Regressed T-Bar ceiling system. The plenum shall be manufactured from corrosion-resistant steel and include a roll-formed, curved blade, 'flip flop' style pattern controller in each slot. The pattern deflector shall be adjustable from the face of the diffuser fora left or right blow pattern. The plenum shall have a side inlet with a neck not less than 1 1/4" (32) deep for connection to the duct.The diffuser shall be supplied in nominal standard lengths of 24" or 48" (600 or 1200) and have one or two as specified. Two slot models shall straddle the T-Bar lengthwise. The pattern controllers and all exposed edges shall have a BK Black finish and the centerT-Bars shall have an AW Appliance White finish. Models 5675I-F or 5610I-F shall be lined internally with insulation.The manufacturer shall provide published performance data for the plenum slot diffuser, which shall be tested in accordance withANSI/ASHRAE Standard 70–2006.P L E N U M S L O T A N D L I G H T T R O F F E R D I F F U S E R S5700R Series:5775R(I) 3/4" (19) Slot Width 5710R(I) 1" (25) Slot Width 5715R(I) 1 1/2" (38) Slot Width5800R Series:5850R(I) 1/2" (13) Slot Width 5875R(I) 3/4" (19) Slot Width 5810R(I) 1" (25) Slot Width5600R Series:5675R(I) 3/4" (19) Slot Width 5610R(I) 1" (25) Slot Width• Suffix 'I' adds internal insulationSTANDARD FEATURES:• Available in 20", 24", 30", 36", 48" and 60" (500, 600, 750, 900, 1200 and 1500 mm) nominal lengths to suit both imperial and metric ceiling systems.• Choice of 1, 2, 3 or 4 parallel slots.• Standard height is 7" (178) for 1 and 2 slot units and 11" (279) for 3 and 4 slot units.• Factory installed center T-Bars on multi-slot models are standard. They are dropped slightly below the diffuser face to align flush with the ceiling grid.• Series 5700R is available in 3 slot widths.• Series 5800R is available in 3 slot widths.• Series 5600R is available in 2 slot widths.CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL:Corrosion-resistant steel plenum casing, extruded aluminum center T-Bars.FINISH OPTIONS:Black on exposed surfaces. AW Appliance White on center T-Bars.OPTIONS AND ACCESSORIES:• Internal insulation (add suffix 'I' to model number).• EQT Earthquake Tabs.• For additional options and accessories, see page C61.These models have been designed as a matching return to compliment their respective supply models. They return room air to the ceiling plenum and are designed for ductless return applications.The design incorporates a light shield which blocks any stray light in the ceiling plenum, emitted from the rear of the light fixtures, from emerging through the face. At the same time, it prevents see-through in the opposite direction.Models 5675R, 5775RPLENUM SLOT AND LIGHT TROFFER DIFFUSERSC(8)DIMENSIONAL DATA:P L E N U M S L O T A N D L I G H T T R O F F E R D I F F U S E R S3/4" (19) Slot • 24" (610) Long 3/4" (19) Slot • 48" (1219) Long PERFORMANCE DATA • MODEL SERIES 5600R MODEL: 5675R(I)PERFORMANCE DATA • MODEL SERIES 5800R MODEL: 5810R(I)1" (25) Slot • 24" (610) Long1" (25) Slot • 48" (1219) LongPerformance Notes:1. Neg. Static Pressures is in inches w.g..2. Noise Criteria [NC] values based on 10 dB room absorption, re 10-12 watts.3. Dash (–) in space indicates an Noise Criteria level of less than 15.4. Data derived from tests conducted in accordance with ANSI/ASHRAEStandard 70–2006.PLENUM SLOT AND LIGHT TROFFER DIFFUSERSCOptions and AccessoriesO5600R, 5700R, 5800R – RETURNPF SLOT DIFFUSER PLASTER FRAMEceiling is by others.(Note:Material: Extruded aluminum with mitered corners.Recommended Ceiling Opening dimensions:Width = Diffuser Width (D) + 1/2" (13)Length = Nominal Diffuser Length + 1/4" (6)P L E N U M S L O T A N D L I G H T T R O F F E R D I F F U S E R SMODEL SERIES: 5600, 5700 AND 5800 PLENUM SLOT DIFFUSERSEXAMPLE: 5675I - 48 x 2 - 08 - ID - CN 1. Model SeriesSupply5675(I) "Flip Flop" Pattern Controller 3/4" (19) Slot Width 5610(I) "Flip Flop" Pattern Controller 1" (25) Slot Width 5775(I) "Wiper Blade" Pattern Controller 3/4" (19) Slot Width 5710(I) "Wiper Blade" Pattern Controller 1" (25) Slot Width 5715(I) "Wiper Blade" Pattern Controller 1 1/2" (38) Slot Width 5850(I) "Ice Tong" Pattern Controller 1/2" (13) Slot Width 5875(I) "Ice Tong" Pattern Controller 3/4" (19) Slot Width 5810(I) "Ice Tong" Pattern Controller 1" (25) Slot Width(Add suffix "I" for optional internal insulation) Return5675R(I) "Flip Flop" Pattern Controller 3/4" (19) Slot Width 5775R(I) "Wiper Blade" Pattern Controller 3/4" (19) Slot Width 5710R(I) "Wiper Blade" Pattern Controller 1" (25) Slot Width 5715R(I) "Wiper Blade" Pattern Controller 1 1/2" (38) Slot Width 5850R(I) "Ice Tong" Pattern Controller 1/2" (13) Slot Width 5875R(I) "Ice Tong" Pattern Controller 3/4" (19) Slot Width 5810R(I) "Ice Tong" Pattern Controller 1" (25) Slot Width (Add suffix "I" for optional internal insulation)2. Nominal LengthImperial Sizes inches (mm's) 20, 24, 30, 36, 48, 60(508, 610, 762, 914, 1219, 1524) Metric Sizes(mm's)500 , 600, 750, 900, 1200, 15003. N umber of Slots1 One2 Two3 Three 4Four4. I nlet Size (supply only)04 4" (102) Round 05 5" (127) Round 06 6" (152) Round 07 7" (178) Round 08 8" (203) Round 09 9" (229) Oval 10 10" (254) Oval 12 12" (305) Oval5. O ptions & Accessories:(Default is 'None' unless noted otherwise)IDInlet Damper (supply only) CN Cross Notch PF Plaster FrameST Straddle T-Bar (available with 2 slot and 4 slot models only) Supplementary T-Bars T1 One (inlet side) T0 One (opposite inlet side) T2 Two (both sides)M1 Mounting Clips - one side (2) M2 Mounting Clips - both sides (4)EX External Foil Back Insulation R-4.2 (installed) EIC Extended Inlet Collar (2.25" [57]) with bead * EQT Earthquake Tabs Internal Insulation ("I" models only)FGI 1/4" (6.35) Coated fiberglass (default)FFI 3/8" (9.53) Fiber-free foamNotes:1. Model Series 5600 and 5800 are not available in a 1 1/2" (38) slot width.2. If more than one accessory is desired, list in order.3. Standard internal insulation ("I" suffix models) is 1/4" (6.35) coated fiberglass.4.*Extended Inlet Collar option is available with 5600(I), 5700(I) and 5800(I) supply models only.PLENUM SLOT AND LIGHT TROFFER DIFFUSERSMODEL SERIES: 5700-F(2) AND 5800-F(2)PLENUM SLOT DIFFUSERS FOR NARROW REGRESSED (FINELINE TYPE) CEILING GRIDSEXAMPLE: 5775I-F - 48 x 2 - 08 - ID - CN - ST - M2 - D - –1. Model SeriesSupply(Straddle Mount)5675(I)-F "Flip Flop" Pattern Controller 3/4" (19) Slot Width 5610(I)-F "Flip Flop" Pattern Controller 1" (25) Slot Width 5775(I)-F "Wiper Blade" Pattern Controller 3/4" (19) Slot Width 5710(I)-F "Wiper Blade" Pattern Controller 1" (25) Slot Width 5715(I)-F "Wiper Blade" Pattern Controller 1 1/2" (38) Slot Width 5850(I)-F "Ice Tong" Pattern Controller 1/2" (13) Slot Width 5875(I)-F "Ice Tong" Pattern Controller 3/4" (19) Slot Width 5810(I)-F "Ice Tong" Pattern Controller 1" (25) Slot Width (Add suffix "I" for optional internal insulation)(Flat Face T-Bars)5775(I)-F2 "Wiper Blade" Pattern Controller 3/4" (19) Slot Width 5710(I)-F2 "Wiper Blade" Pattern Controller 1" (25) Slot Width 5715(I)-F2 "Wiper Blade" Pattern Controller 1 1/2" (38) Slot Width 5850(I)-F2 "Ice Tong" Pattern Controller 1/2" (13) Slot Width 5875(I)-F2 "Ice Tong" Pattern Controller 3/4" (19) Slot Width 5810(I)-F2 "Ice Tong" Pattern Controller 1" (25) Slot Width(Add suffix "I" for optional internal insulation) Return(Straddle Mount)5775R(I)-F "Wiper Blade" Pattern Controller 3/4" (19) Slot Width 5710R(I)-F "Wiper Blade" Pattern Controller 1" (25) Slot Width 5715R(I)-F "Wiper Blade" Pattern Controller 1 1/2" (38) Slot Width 5850R(I)-F "Ice Tong" Pattern Controller 1/2" (13) Slot Width 5875R(I)-F "Ice Tong" Pattern Controller 3/4" (19) Slot Width 5810R(I)-F "Ice Tong" Pattern Controller 1" (25) Slot Width (Add suffix "I" for optional internal insulation)(Flat Face T-Bars)5775R(I)-F2 "Wiper Blade" Pattern Controller 3/4" (19) Slot Width 5710R(I)-F2 "Wiper Blade" Pattern Controller 1" (25) Slot Width 5715R(I)-F2 "Wiper Blade" Pattern Controller 1 1/2" (38) Slot Width 5850R(I)-F2 "Ice Tong" Pattern Controller 1/2" (13) Slot Width 5875R(I)-F2 "Ice Tong" Pattern Controller 3/4" (19) Slot Width 5810R(I)-F2 "Ice Tong" Pattern Controller 1" (25) Slot Width (Add suffix "I" for optional internal insulation)2. Nominal LengthImperial Sizes inches (mm's) 24, 48(610, 1219)Metric Sizes (mm's) 600, 12003. N umber of Slots1 One2 Two3 Three4 Four 4. I nlet Size (supply only)04 4" (102) Round 05 5" (127) Round 06 6" (152) Round 07 7" (178) Round 08 8" (203) Round 09 9" (229) Oval 10 10" (254) Oval 1212" (305)Oval5. C ross Notch00 NoneCN Cross Notch on 48" (1219 or 1200) unit (default)6. I ncluded AccessoriesST Straddle T-Bar on -F two slot models only (default) M2 T-Bar Mounting Clips - (4) (default)7. S pecified T-Bar *A 1 3/4" (44) high C 1 5/8" (41) high D1 25/32" (45) high8. O ptional Accessories:(Default is 'None' unless noted otherwise) ID Inlet Damper (supply only)EX External Foil Back Insulation R-4.2 (installed) EIC Extended Inlet Collar (2.25" [57]) with bead ** EQT Earthquake TabsInternal Insulation ("I" models only)FGI 1/4" (6.35) Coated fiberglass (default)FFI 3/8" (9.53) Fiber-free foamNotes:1. Model Series 5700-F(2) is not available with a 1/2" (13) slot width. Model Series 5800-F(2) is not available with a 1 1/2" (38) slot width.2. -F models are available in a 1, or 2 slot configuration.-F2 models are available in a 1, 2, 3 or 4 slot configuration.3. *Specified T-Bar: Type A Chicago Metallic Ultraline.Type C Certainteed Smoothline. Type D USG Donn Fineline.4. Standard Internal Insulation ("I" suffix models) is 1/4" (6.35) coated fiberglass.5.**Extended Inlet Collar option is available with 5600(I)-F, 5700(I)-F(2) and 5800(I)-F(2) supply models only.。

⻚码：1/14documenMath Questions Math Questions fo fo for the MAP Exam r the MAP Exam r the MAP Exam® ® 11st st Grade - Basic Grade - Basic 434343 Questions Questions Questions Questions Test 1Test 1Directions:Directions: Identify Identify Identify Identify the choice that the choice that the choice that the choice that best completes t best completes t best completes t best completes the statement or an he statement or an he statement or an he statement or answers the swers the swers the question.question.1.1. The zoo is separated into 4 zones. The Arctic zone has 6 exhibits. The African zone has 10 The zoo is separated into 4 zones. The Arctic zone has 6 exhibits. The African zone has 10 exhibits. The rainforest zone has 6 exhibits and the tropical zone has 15 ex exhibits. The rainforest zone has 6 exhibits and the tropical zone has 15 ex exhibits. The rainforest zone has 6 exhibits and the tropical zone has 15 exhibits. How many hibits. How manyhibits. How manyexhibits are there in the zoo? exhibits are there in the zoo? 3535373741412.2. What time does the clock show below?What time does the clock show below?6:30 6:30 5:30 5:30 6:00 6:00⻚码：2/14documen23.3. How many inches long is the pencil below?How many inches long is the pencil below?2 inches 2 inches 2 inches3 inches 3 inches 1 inch 1 inch4.4. What is the name of the shape shown below? What is the name of the shape shown below?Cube Cube Sp Sp Sphere here here here Cylinder Cylinder5.5.Put these numbers in order from least to greates Put these numbers in order from least to greates Put these numbers in order from least to greatest. Which number comes last? t. Which number comes last? t. Which number comes last? t. Which number comes last? 19, 13, 1719, 13, 17191919131317176.6. Add. Add.11 5353 4444⻚码：3/14documen37.7. How much money is shown below? How much money is shown below?25¢25¢26¢26¢ 52¢ 52¢ 52¢8.8. Which object below will hold more? Which object below will hold more?frying pan frying pan gas can gas can They can hold the same amount They can hold the same amountA A ––B B ––9.9. At the zoo, there is an exhibit for the zebras. The At the zoo, there is an exhibit for the zebras. TheAt the zoo, there is an exhibit for the zebras. There are 19 zebras outside. In the sheltered re are 19 zebras outside. In the shelteredre are 19 zebras outside. In the sheltered area, there are 8 female zebras with 4 baby zebras.area, there are 8 female zebras with 4 baby zebras.area, there are 8 female zebras with 4 baby zebras. How many zebras are there in all? How many zebras are there in all? How many zebras are there in all? How many zebras are there in all?27 zebras 27 zebras 31 zebras 31 zebras 33 zebras 33 zebras 33 zebras10.10.How many flowers are shown below? How many flowers are shown below?1111111110101212A ABB⻚码：4/14411.11.What number sentence represents the following number line? What number sentence represents the following number line?6 + 3 = 9 6 + 3 = 9 5 + 5 + 5 + 2 = 72 = 7 2 = 7 5 +3 =5 + 3 = 5 + 3 = 8 8 812.12. Emily has 95 cents and Abby has 3 quarters and 1 dime. Who has less mon Emily has 95 cents and Abby has 3 quarters and 1 dime. Who has less mon Emily has 95 cents and Abby has 3 quarters and 1 dime. Who has less money ey eyEmily Emily They have the same amount They have the same amount Abby Abby13.13. How many squares are shown below? How many squares are shown below?2 4 33 314.14. What number goes in the blank? What number goes in the blank? 4 + ___ = 64 2 1 1⻚码：5/14515.15. What is the missing number? What is the missing number?4 4 6 6 2 2 216.16.What numbers are missing from the pattern below? What numbers are missing from the pattern below?5, 10, __, 20, __, 30, 35, 10, __, 20, __, 30, 35512 and 24 12 and 24 151515 and 25 and 25 and 25 20 and 25 20 and 2517.17. How much money is shown below? How much money is shown below?17¢ 17¢ 15¢ 15¢ 4¢4¢18.18.Which shape below is a sphere? Which shape below is a sphere?⻚码：6/14619.19. Students in Ms. Wilson’s class charted their favorite fruits. Which fruit Students in Ms. Wilson’s class charted their favorite fruits. Which fruit Students in Ms. Wilson’s class charted their favorite fruits. Which fruit was the least favorite? was the least favorite? was the least favorite?banana banana apple apple pea pea peaches ches ches20.20. Which symbol goes in the blank to make this number sentence tr Which symbol goes in the blank to make this number sentence tr Which symbol goes in the blank to make this number sentence true? ue? ue? ue?45 _____ 5645 _____ 56<< > >==21.21. Farmer Tom goes to market every Saturday. Farmer Tom h Farmer Tom goes to market every Saturday. Farmer Tom h Farmer Tom goes to market every Saturday. Farmer Tom had 35 customer ad 35 customer ad 35 customer ad 35 customers for the whole s for the whole s for the wholemorning. He knew 20 of them. How many new customers did he meet on Saturday?morning. He knew 20 of them. How many new customers did he meet on Saturday?12121010151522.Olivia has 60 cents and she spends 2 dimes and 2 nickels. How much money does she have left?25¢ 25¢ 20¢ 20¢ 20¢30¢30¢2021/2/5 下午11:49⻚码：7/14pr prohibited.723.23. Which image below is the rotated image of this shape?Which image below is the rotated image of this shape?24.24. Fifty-four students are going to the zoo. The first bus can only take Fifty-four students are going to the zoo. The first bus can only take of them. How many of them. How many 3232students need to wait for the second bus?students need to wait for the second bus?22222222 2424181825.25.Which number below is even? Which number below is even?53535353 8181929226. Add. 24 + 15 =9 9 38383939更多MAP 测试内容，请关注淘宝店铺-英语留学⼩站⻚码：8/148Use the following chart to answer questions 27 and 28.Use the following chart to answer questions 27 and 28.The students in Mr. Davis’ class voted on their favorite fruits. The data collected is in the c The students in Mr. Davis’ class voted on their favorite fruits. The data collected is in the c The students in Mr. Davis’ class voted on their favorite fruits. The data collected is in the chart hart hart below.below.27.27. How many students chose pears as their favorite fruit? How many students chose pears as their favorite fruit?6 6 5 5 8 828.28. How many more students liked apples compared to oranges?How many more students liked apples compared to oranges?2 2 23 3 7 7 729.29.Subtract. Subtract.21213020⻚码：9/14930.30. What numbers go in the missing boxes? What numbers go in the missing boxes?12 and 17 12 and 17 14 and 16 14 and 16 15 and 20 15 and 2031.31.Subtract.Subtract. 75 75 –– 25 25 = =50 506060404032.32. How many inches long is the nail? How many inches long is the nail?1 inch 1 ½ inches2 inches33.33. Which of the following shapes is a cube? Which of the following shapes is a cube?⻚码：10/141010 34.34.What fraction is shown below? What fraction is shown below?11222233446635.35. What subtraction sentence is shown below? What subtraction sentence is shown below?17 17 5 = 12 5 = 12 17 17 17 10 = 7 10 = 7 2 = 15 2 = 15 ––––17 17 ––36.36. Add. Add.29295151545437.37.What time does the clock show?What time does the clock show?3:00 3:30 4:00⻚码：11/141111 38.38. What is the name of the shape below? What is the name of the shape below?Cone Cone Cone Oval Oval Circle Circle39.39. What number goes in the blank? What number goes in the blank?0 0 505010010040.40. Which number below is odd? Which number below is odd?7272728989 2 241.41. What number goes in the blank? What number goes in the blank?5 59 9101042.42.How much money is shown below? How much money is shown below?32¢ 41¢42¢⻚码：12/141212 43.43. Which object is taller? Which object is taller?They are the same height They are the same height⻚码：13/141313 ANSWERSANSWERSMathematics - Ba Mathematics - Ba Mathematics - Basic sic sicTest 1 Test 11.1. 2 2 There are 37 exhibits at the zoo. 6 + 10 + 6 + 15 = 37 There are 37 exhibits at the zoo. 6 + 10 + 6 + 15 = 372.2. 2 2 The clock shows 5:30. The short hand (hour hand) is after 5, and the long hand (minute The clock shows 5:30. The short hand (hour hand) is after 5, and the long hand (minute h h and) is at 6 or 30 minutes. and) is at 6 or 30 minutes.3.3. 1 1 The pencil is 2 inches long. The pencil is 2 inches long.4.4. 3 3 This is a cylinder. This is a cylinder.5.5. 1 1 When put in order from least to greatest, 19 comes last.When put in order from least to greatest, 19 comes last. When put in order from least to greatest, 19 comes last. In order: 13, 17, In order: 13, 17, In order: 13, 17, In order: 13, 17, 19. 19. 19.6.6. 2 2 32 + 21 = 53 32 + 21 = 537.7. 3 3 1 + 25 + 1 = 25 = 52¢ 1 + 25 + 1 = 25 = 52¢8.8. 2 2 - The gas - The gas- The gas can will hold more. can will hold more. can will hold more. B B9.9. 2 2 There are a total of 31 zebras. 19 + 8 + 4 = 31 zebras There are a total of 31 zebras. 19 + 8 + 4 = 31 zebras 10.10. 1 1 There are 11 flowers. There are 11 flowers.11.11. 2 2 5 + 2 = 7 5 + 2 = 712.12. 3 3 Abby has less money. Abby has less money. Abby has less money. Emily has 95¢. Abby has Emily has 95¢. Abby has Emily has 95¢. Abby has Emily has 95¢. Abby has 75¢ 75¢ 75¢ 75¢ + 10¢ = 85¢. + 10¢ = 85¢. + 10¢ = 85¢. 13.13. 3 3 There are 3 squares. There are 3 squares.14.14. 2 2 4 + 4 + = 6 = 62 2 15.15.3 3 The missing number is 2. The missing number is 2. 2 = 2 2 = 2 84 84 –– 16.16. 2 2 15 and 25 are missing from the pattern. Rule is +5; 5, 10, 15 and 25 are missing from the pattern. Rule is +5; 5, 10, , 20, , 20, , 30, 35 , 30, 3515152525 17.17. 1 1 There is 17¢ pictured. 5 + 1 + 10 + 1 = 17¢ There is 17¢ pictured. 5 + 1 + 10 + 1 = 17¢18.18. 1 1 Shape 1 is a sphere. Shape 1 is a sphere.19.19. 3 3 Peaches is the least favorite. It only had 1 vote. Peaches is the least favorite. It only had 1 vote.20.20. 1 1 45 is less than 56. 45 < 56 45 is less than 56. 45 < 56 21.21. 3 3 Farmer Tom met 15 new customers on Saturday. Farmer Tom met 15 new customers on Saturday. 20 = 15 new customers 20 = 15 new customers35 35 –– 22.22. 3 3 Olivia has 30¢ left. 60¢ Olivia has 30¢ left. 60¢ 10¢ 10¢ 10¢ 10¢ 5¢ 5¢ 5¢ = 30¢ 5¢ = 30¢–––––––– 23. 2 This image is rotated. This image is rotated.24. 1 to 22 students need to wait for the next bus. 32 = 2254 – 25.25. 3 3 92 is an even number. 92 is an even number. 26.26. 3 3 24 + 15 = 39 24 + 15 = 3927.27. 2 2 5 students chose pears as their favorite fruit. 5 students chose pears as their favorite fruit.28.28. 1 1 2 more students liked apples as compared to oranges. Apples = 4, Oranges = 2; 4 2 more students liked apples as compared to oranges. Apples = 4, Oranges = 2; 4 2 = 2 2 = 2 ––momo more apples. re apples. re apples.29.29. 3 3 21 = 20 21 = 2041 41 ––30.30. 2 2 14 and 16 are missing. The pattern is + 8. 14 and 16 are missing. The pattern is + 8.31. 1 25 = 5075 – 32. 1 The nail is 1 inch long.⻚码：14/141414 33.33. 3 3 Shape 3 is a cube. Shape 3 is a cube.34.34. 3 3 4/6 is the shaded portion of the circle. 4/6 is the shaded portion of the circle. 35.35. 2 2 10 = 7 10 = 7 17 17 –– 36.36. 2 2 40 + 11 = 51 40 + 11 = 51 37.37. 3 3 The clock shows 4:00The clock shows 4:00 . . 38.38. 1 1 This is a cone. This is a cone.39.39. 3 3 100 = 0 100 = 0 100 100 –– 404040.2 .2.2 89 89 89 is an odd number. is an odd number. is an odd number. 414141.3 .3 .3 81 81 81 + 9 = 90 + 9 = 90 + 9 = 90 42.42.42.1 1 1 41¢ 41¢ 41¢ is shown. 10¢ + 1¢ + 10¢ + 10¢ + 10¢ = 41¢ is shown. 10¢ + 1¢ + 10¢ + 10¢ + 10¢ = 41¢ is shown. 10¢ + 1¢ + 10¢ + 10¢ + 10¢ = 41¢ 434343. 3 . 3 . 3 The milk carton is taller. The milk carton is taller.。

关于昨天的英语作文80词六年级全文共6篇示例，供读者参考篇1Yesterday Was a Roller Coaster of a Day!Wow, yesterday was just crazy! I'm still feeling all the emotions from everything that happened. Let me tell you all about my wild Wednesday.It started off pretty normal. I woke up to my mom calling up the stairs for me to get ready for school. I dragged myself out of my warm, cozy bed and got dressed. For breakfast, I had a bowl of my favorite chocolate cereal with a banana sliced up in it. Yum!The bus ride to school was uneventful. I just listened to music on my headphones and looked out the window at the houses and trees going by. When we got to school, I met up with my best friend Charlie at our lockers like we always do.First period was math class. I've been having such a hard time with fractions lately. No matter how many times Ms. Jackson explains it, I still get confused! She gave us a millionpractice problems yesterday and I'm pretty sure I got most of them wrong. Math is the worst.After math was english, which is one of my favorite classes. We've been reading this awesome book called "Holes" about this kid who gets sent to a weird camp in the desert. Our assignment was to write a chapter summary, and I actually think I did a pretty good job! I worked really hard on it.At lunch, Charlie and I sat at our usual spot in the cafeteria. I was just about to bite into my peanut butter and jelly sandwich when Charlie's jaw dropped. He pointed behind me, looking shocked. When I turned around, I saw Brian Wilson, the biggest bully in our grade, dumping an entire tray of food all over Samantha Thompson's head!Samantha burst into tears as the whole cafeteria erupted into chaos. Food was flying everywhere as a massive food fight broke out. I ducked under the table with Charlie to avoid getting nailed by a barrage of mashed potatoes. What an insane scene!Finally, the teachers were able to get the food fight under control. Brian got suspended and had to get hauled away by the principal. Samantha was absolutely covered from head to toe. I felt so bad for her.The rest of the day was pretty calm after all that craziness at lunch. In science, we did an experiment trying to grow plants in different soil conditions. In social studies, we started learning about the American Revolution. And in gym class, we played dodgeball which was a nice way to burn off some energy.By the time I got home, I was completely wiped out emotionally and physically after that roller coaster of a day. I snuggled up on the couch, had a snack of apple slices with peanut butter, and watched a couple episodes of my favorite cartoon. Just a nice, relaxing evening to recover from the madness!I'll probably never forget yesterday - between the math struggles, the awesome book we're reading, the insane cafeteria food fight, and all the other ups and downs. Being in 6th grade is no joke! Although I have to admit, the food fight was kind of fun and exciting in the moment, even if I absolutely do not condone that kind of behavior. I'll just have to try my best to stay out of trouble from here on out. Hopefully today will be a little calmer!篇2Yesterday was a really fun day! It started off pretty normal - I woke up at 7am, got ready for school, and had breakfast with myfamily. My mom made pancakes, which are my favorite. After breakfast, I gathered up my backpack and lunchbox and headed out the door to wait for the school bus.When the bus arrived, I saw that my best friend Jessica was already on board saving me a seat. We've been friends since kindergarten and we always sit together. The bus picked up more kids from the neighborhood and then we were off to Oakwood Elementary.First up was math class. I actually like math a lot, especially algebra which we just started learning this year. Our teacher Mrs. Garcia gave us a quiz on solving simple equations. I think I did pretty well! After math was reading class with Mr. Jacobs. We're reading this really cool book called "The Lion, The Witch and The Wardrobe" by C.S. Lewis. It's about these kids who find a magic wardrobe that leads to a fantasy world called Narnia. We had to read a few chapters and answer comprehension questions about the plot and characters.At 11:30am it was time for lunch and recess. Jessica and I got our lunch boxes and sat together at a picnic table outside. I had a turkey sandwich, an apple, and some chips. After we ate, we played on the playground for a while. We really like the swings and jungle gym. Some of the boys were playing basketball too.After recess, we had science class with Ms. Baker. We've been learning about the solar system this semester. Yesterday, we worked on a big project making model planets out of papier mâché. I made Saturn since I think the rin gs look so cool. Getting messy with papier mâché was really fun! My planet didn't turn out perfect but I still thought it looked pretty good.The rest of the day was pretty regular - we had social studies where we learned about ancient Egypt and hieroglyphics, and then PE where we ran laps and played dodgeball. Finally at 3pm, the bell rang and it was time to go home!Once I got off the bus, I went straight to the backyard to play for a while. My dad was making burgers on the grill for dinner. After dinner, I took a shower, did my homework, and then watched some TV before bedtime.Overall, it was just a normal day at school but I still had a blast! I love seeing my friends, learning new things, and getting a break from being cooped up at home all weekend. I can't wait to go back to school today and do it all over again! Being a 6th grader is pretty great.篇3Yesterday was a pretty ordinary day, but it turned out to be quite exciting! It started off just like any other Saturday. I woke up late, around 10 AM, because I didn't have school. My mom made my favorite breakfast - pancakes with lots of syrup and some bacon on the side. Yum!After breakfast, I went outside to play with my best friend Tommy who lives next door. We decided to have a big Nerf gun battle in my backyard. We split up and made forts out of anything we could find - cardboard boxes, lawn chairs, you name it! Once our forts were ready, the battle began. We ran around shooting those soft foam darts at each other, trying to knock down each other's forts. It was an epic battle that lasted over an hour!Eventually my mom called me in for lunch. She had made grilled cheese sandwiches and tomato soup. While I was eating, my older sister Katie came home from her dance practice. She's on the school dance team and practices a few times a week after school. Katie seemed really excited about something."Mom! Dad! Guess what?" she said breathlessly. "The dance team is going to perform at the big basketball game against our rival school next week!"My parents got really excited too and gave her a big hug. They love going to my school's sporting events and activities. Apparently getting to perform at the big basketball game against our rivals was a huge honor for the dance team.After lunch, my dad said we should go mini golfing as a family since it was such a nice day out. I wasn't super excited about it at first, since mini golf can be kind of boring. But it ended up being really fun! My dad and I made a friendly little competition out of it to see who could get the lowest score. My mom was terrible at it and kept hitting the ball into the water hazards. Katie wasn't much better. But my dad and I were tied going into the last hole! It came down to that final shot to determine the winner. I ended up sinking a tricky putt to win by one stroke over my dad. He gave me a high five and admitted I had beaten him fair and square.On the way home, we stopped at my favorite ice cream shop and I got a triple scoop cone - chocolate, vanilla, and strawberry. It was the perfect treat after a warm spring day spent outside.When we got home, I spent a couple hours playing video games before my mom made us all turn off screens for family time. We played some board games together, which is kind of atradition in my house on weekends with no activities going on. Even though I'm getting older, I still really enjoy that time.Around 8 PM, my parents ordered pizza for dinner from our favorite local place. We got a couple different kinds - pepperoni, sausage, and veggie - and I ate way too many slices as usual. I love pizza so much.After dinner, we all cuddled up on the couch to watch a movie together. We picked an older classic comedy that my parents loved when they were kids. I didn't think I would find it that funny, but I actually laughed a lot!Finally, it was time for bed around 10 PM. As I climbed into bed, I thought about what a fun day it had turned out to be. From the epic Nerf battle to mini golfing to family time with my favorite foods, it was one of those days I'll always remember. Even though it was just an average Saturday, those are the kinds of days I cherish. I fell asleep feeling happy and content, looking forward to whatever adventures the next day might bring.篇4昨天的一天昨天是一个忙碌又有趣的一天！早上，我起床后，刷牙洗脸，然后吃了一碗美味的早餐。

玉米油乳化液的相转换特性玉米（Zea mays）是世界上种植最多的作物之一，由于基因进化和农艺方法的改进，其产量持续提高(Haarhoff and Swanepoel, 2018)。

除了生产谷物之外，玉米秸秆还可以用于生产生物燃料和电力(Trivedi et al., 2015)。

另外，玉米也是基础研究的重要模式植物(Cone et al., 2002; Nannas and Dawe, 2015)。

虽然已经克隆和表征了大量玉米基因，但仍然缺乏许多基因的功能信息(Jin et al., 2017; Cao et al., 2018)。

确定基因功能最常用的策略之一是表征功能缺失突变体的表型。

除非有多个等位基因，通常的做法是用野生型基因回补突变体以确认突变基因的功能。

当必须在玉米这样的植物中验证多个候选基因时，这样的研究会变得非常昂贵且非常耗时。

在某些情况下，例如，为了鉴定导致生物合成途径中缺失步骤的基因，用突变体衍生的原生质体转化，必要时结合前体喂养，可以缩小甚至鉴定出具体的基因(Casas et al., 2016)。

作者使用玉米原生质体转化成功地确认了转录因子的靶基因(Yang et al., 2017)，以及构建了带有转录复合物的组织(Hernandez et al., 2007)。

作者在这里描述了一个简单快速的步骤，用于从玉米幼苗中生成和转化原生质体，并且不需要考虑玉米的基因型。

该方法的建立主要基于Sheen(1991 and 2001)以及Jang和Sheen(1994)的研究。

材料和试剂1. 枪头（Fisher品牌，目录号：02707414）2. 铝箔（Reynolds Kitchens，REYNOLDS WRAP，目录号：353224）3. 滤纸（Fisher Scientific，目录号：34155）4. 封口膜（Fisher Scientific，目录号：13-374-12）5. 35μm滤膜（Carolina bioSupplies，目录号：652222R）6. 单刃刀片009（Accutec刀片，目录号：94-0491-0000）7. 玻璃砧板8. 电穿孔比色皿（BIO-RAD，目录号：1652088）9. 50mL 离心管（Thermo Fisher，目录号：14-432-22）10. 1.7mL微量离心管（Fisher Scientific，目录号：21-402-905）11. 25粒玉米种子12. 纤维素酶“ONOZUKA”RS（Yakult Pharmaceutical Industry Co., Ltd）13. 果胶酶R-10（Yakult Pharmaceutical Industry Co., Ltd）14. D-甘露醇（Fisher Scientific，目录号：M120-3）15. 氯化钾（KCl）（Sigma-Aldrich，目录号：P3911）16. MES游离酸一水合物（GoldBIO，目录号：M-090-500）17. 氯化钙（CaCl2）（Sigma-Aldrich，目录号：C2661）18. 牛血清白蛋白（BSA）（Sigma-Aldrich，目录号：A3059）19. 质粒大提试剂盒（Invitrogen，目录号：K210017）20. 原生质体缓冲液（见配方）21. 酶悬浮液（见配方）设备1. 带侧臂的烧瓶2. 移液器3. 血细胞计数器（Hausser & Son LEVY ULTRA PLANE改进型NEUBAUER MINT）4. 离心机（Thermo ScientificTM SorvallTM LegendTM XTR）5. 电穿孔器（BTX电穿孔器ECM 830）6. 荧光显微镜（带有Leica DFC 3000 G相机的Leica DM IL LED倒置相差显微镜）7. 光学显微镜（Reichert Scientific Jung显微镜系列150）8. 冷藏培养箱（Fisher Scientific，目录号：3720A）9. 台式轨道摇床（Fisher Scientific，目录号：SHKE3000）10. 微量离心机（Thermo Scientific，型号：SorvallTM LegendTM Micro 17，目录号：75002403）11. 水浴锅（VWR，型号：1230）步骤1. 黄化植株的生长1）室温条件下，在水O/N中浸泡玉米种子。