Learning about language (3)

2020-2021学年高二英语人教版(2019)选择性必修第三册随堂检测（8）Unit 3 Learning about Language一、填空1.He failed to _______ (抓住) the opportunity during the job interview.2.Some roads may have to be closed at peak times to _______ (限制) the number of visitors.3.Every time I mention her, you become very _______ (敏感的).4.After the failure of the electricity supply the city was in _____ (混乱).5.We advocate peaceful development, _____ (和谐的) development and scientific development.6.Without the ______ (改革) of the economic management system our industry will rot.7.他们似乎已经历了一场毁灭性的地震。

They seem ______ ______ ______ a destructive earthquake.8.我发烧了,所以我考虑明天去看医生。

I have a fever, so I consider ______ ______ ______ the doctor tomorrow.9.我通过听英语歌提高英语水平。

I improve my English _______ _______ _______ _______ _______.10.He _______ (release) from prison after serving a sentence of five years the year before last.11.The problem that the teacher referred to in his lecture was beyond my ______ (comprehend).12.We must ensure that tourism develops _____ harmony with the environment.13.Robert is said ______ (study) abroad, but I don't know which country he studied in.14.The doctor advised me ______ (take) a complete rest so that I could make a complete recovery.15.Only when each of us realizes the importance of protecting the environment can we have a ______ (harmony) earth.二、As global temperatures rise, trees around the world are experiencing longer growing seasons, sometimes as much as three extra weeks a year. All that time helps trees grow faster. For the past 100 years, trees have been experiencing fast growth in mild areas from Maryland to Finland, to Central Europe, where the growth rate of some trees has even sped up by nearly 77% since 1870. Supposing wood were just as strong today, those gains would mean more wood for building,burning, and storing carbon captured from the atmosphere. But is wood really as dense (茂密的) as it used to be?Hans Pretzsch, a forest scientist in Germany, and his colleagues wanted to find an answer. They carried out a study of the forests of Central Europe. They started with small pieces of experimental land in southern Germany, some of which have been continuously monitored since 1870. Pretzsch and his team took core samples (样品) from the trees — which included Norway spruce, sessile oak, European beech, and Scots pine — and analyzed the tree rings.They found that in all four species, wood density had decreased by 8% to 12%. "We expected a trend of the wood density like this, but not such a strong and significant decrease," Pretzsch says. Increasing temperatures, and the faster growth they spur, probably account for some of the drop. Another factor, Pretzsch says, is more nitrogen in the soil from agricultural fertilizer and vehicle exhaust. Previous studies have linked increased fertilizer use to decreased wood density. Above all, the study suggests that the higher temperatures — combined with pollution from car exhaust and farms — are making wood weaker, resulting in trees that break more easily and wood that is less durable."I am getting worried," says Richard Houghton, an ecologist at the Woods Hole Research Center in Massachusetts, who was not part of the new study. As the density of the samples dropped, so did their carbon content. That means forests may suffer more damage from storms and may be less efficient at absorbing carbon dioxide than scientists think, Houghton says.1.Paragraph 1 is written to ______.A. prove an ideaB. introduce the topicC. give an exampleD. describe a fact2.What does the study show?A. Farming slows trees' growth.B. More areas are covered with forests.C. Global warming changes the quality of wood.D. Pollution leads to higher temperatures.3.What does Richard Houghton mean?A. Great loss might be caused.B. Storm damage can be prevented.C. The size of forests might be increased.D. Less greenhouse gases can be sent out.4.What is the best title for the passage?A. We only have one earthB. Trees ——our best friendsC. The influence of climate changeD. Trees are growing faster, but weaker三、语法填空Each area of the environment is full of ① _____ (differ) kinds of plants, animals and other organisms (有机体). ②_____ (stay) alive, these living things depend on each other and on non-living things in their environment including water, sunlight and temperature. A community of living and non-living things ③_____ function together creates an ecosystem (生态系统).Plants get their energy from the earth, water and sun. Animals get their energy from eating plants and other animals. Each organism within an ecosystem ④_____ (have) its own role to play. Think of the ecosystem of a mangrove forest (红树林). When leaves and branches fall from ⑤_____ (tree) to the land, they are eaten by bacteria in the muddy areas. Only bacteria can survive in this low-oxygen environment.As the leaves and branches are broken down, they release nutrients for animals ⑥_____ (live) in the sea. The large mangrove roots and stick-like plants protect the coastline and provide nesting places ⑦_____ birds. They also give shelter and food to a large number of young fish.Anything that ⑧_____ (involve) in an ecosystem can affect the balance of it. ⑨_____, other threats such as invasive species, natural disasters, temperature changes and ⑩_____ (pollute) can also harm or destroy the system.答案以及解析一、1.答案：seize2.答案：restrict3.答案：sensitive4.答案：chaos5.答案：harmonious6.答案：reform7.答案：to have experienced8.答案：going to see9.答案：by listening to English songs10.答案：was released解析：考查时态、语态及主谓一致。

Unit 3 第3课时Learning about LanguageⅠ.单项填空从A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

1．(原创)This box is a rare relic of great value for research into ancient Chinese astronomy as it is the earliest written record of moon phases yet________in China.A．being found B．to be foundC．finding D．found答案：D本题题意：这是研究我国古代天文学史的一件珍贵文物，是迄今发现的关于二十八宿全部名称的最早的文字记载。

本题考查过去分词担任后置定语，相当于定语从句that has been found in China，表示一个已经发生的被动动作。

2．It is known to all that television has many advantages. It keeps us________about the ________news, and also provides entertainment in the home.A．informed; latest B．to know; laterC．learning; later D．to think; late答案：A本题题意：众所周知，电视具有许多优点。

它为我们提供最新的新闻时讯以及家庭娱乐。

第一空考查动词keep后接复合宾语的用法，动作inform与us之间存在逻辑上的被动关系，采用过去分词。

第二空考查形容词latest的词义，表示“最新的；最近的”。

3．(原创)With the opening and reform policy ________，millions of foreign visitors are crowding into our country every year.A．to be carried out B．carried outC．being carried out D．carrying out答案：C本题题意：随着改革开放政策的贯彻执行，每年都有数以百万计的外国游人涌入中国。

Section_ⅢLearning_about_Language_&_Using_LanguageⅠ.Choose the best answer according to the text.1．What was his first task after Zhou Yang interviewed a famous film star? A．To write his story.B．To judge whether the man had been lying.C．To be accurate.D．To check the evidence.2．The first person who saw his article should be ________.A．the copy­editorB．the native speakerC．an editor from his departmentD．the news desk editor3．Who approved Zhou Yang's story after reading?A．The chief editor. B．The native speaker.C．The news desk editor. D．The copy­editor.答案：1～3 ACAⅡ. Fill in the blanks according to the text.Position DutiesEditor To arrange the edition.Journalist To have a(n) 1.interview and then write the story.Senior editor To 2.check the evidence, read the article and pass it on to the copy editor.Copy editor To edit the 3.piece and design the main headline and smaller heading.Native speaker To 4.polish the style of the language.Chief editor To read and 5.approve the article.To show the 6.evidence in order to get the facts straight.7.News_ To work on all the stories and photos until all the pagesdesk_editor are 8.set.词义配对1．edition A．correct and true in every detail2．department B．to deal with3．accurate C．having a higher position, level, or rank4．senior D．the form a newspaper is produced in5．polish E．an arrangement for a meeting6．approve F．one of the groups of people working together7．process G．to make something shiny by rubbing it8．appointment H. to think that sb./sth. is good, acceptable or suitable 答案：1～5 DFACG 6～8 HBE1．senior[教材原句] The first person who saw his article was a senior editor from his department.第一个看到这篇文章的人是他们部门的一位编审。

2019新人教高中英语选择性必修四Unit3 Sea Exploration-Learning about Language公开课教案Teaching aims：By the end of this period, students will be able to:1. identify the functions of infinitives.2. practise using infinitives in different contexts.3. express your own ideas using infinitives.Teaching key and difficult points：1.Help students to analyse the functions of infinitives in a real context and use infinitives properly.2.Instruct students to learn how to use infinitives.Teaching procedures:StepⅠLead-inAsk students to answer some questions based on the text in the part of Reading and Thinking.1.Why have humans always been longing to explore the sea?2.What is the aim of the Belt and Road Initiative?Suggested answers:1.To promote trade and satisfy their curiosity, humans have always been longing to explore the sea.2.The aim of the Belt and Road Initiative is to encourage cooperation and trade across the historic Silk Road areas, and strengthen the bonds between China and the rest of the world.StepⅠObserve and analyseFind all the sentences containing infinitives in the reading passage. Then mark their functions.Suggested answers:1.To complete the great map of the world(As the subject) was a strong passion for the people of early civilisations.2.Marco Polo’s tales inspired European explorers to search for sea routes (As the object complement) from west to east.3.Here, merchants from China and many other places met to negotiate trade deals (As the adverbial), which also led to more awareness of each other’s cultures.4.To reach out across the sea (As the subject) remains a strong desire today.5.The aim of this initiative is to encourage cooperation and trade(As the predicative) across the historic Silk Road areas, and strengthen the bonds between China and the rest of the world.6.Trading has grown greatly in recent years, and will continue to do so (As the object) in years to come.7.In recent years,China has joined other nations on several expeditions to explore the Arctic(As the attributive).8.From a scientific point of view, there is an urgent need to study the Arctic(As the attributive) in order to understand climate change and its effects.9.... the need to trade(As the attributive) and the desire to enhance relationships(As the attributive) will drive China to reach out (As the object complement) across the sea far into the future.StepⅠ Practise using the infinitiveActivity1Join the words to make sentences using infinitives.Then decide the function of each infinitive.1.He/encouraged me/participate in the surfing competition.2.The storm/seems/be getting closer.3.Magellan/was the first person/sail around the world.4.The UN peacekeeping force/aims/maintain peace and prevent armed conflicts.5.The crowd/stood/applaud/scientists/for their important ocean research work.6.It is a good idea/tax/plastic bottles/so that people use them less.7.The Jiaolong manned submersible/is said/be able/reach 7 km underwater.8.It remains/be seen/whether or not his capsule can work.Suggested answers:1.He encouraged me to participate in the surfing competition. (OC)2.The storm seems to be getting closer. (P)3.Magellan was the first person to sail around the world. (Attr)4.The UN peacekeeping force aims to maintain peace and prevent armed conflicts. (O)5.The crowd stood to applaud scientists for their important ocean research work. (Ad)6.It is a good idea to tax plastic bottles so that people use them less. (S)7.The Jiaolong manned submersible is said to be able to reach 7 km underwater. (O;O)8.It remains to be seen whether or not his capsule can work. (P)Activity2Read the beginning of The Little Mermaid and use the proper forms of the verbs in brackets to fill in the blanks.Far out in the ocean,where the water is as clear as glass,lives the Sea King. The ocean is too deep (measure).We may imagine there is nothing except yellow sand under the sea,but actually it is not rare(see) the most unique flowers and plants(dance) in the fast-moving water.In the deepest spot of all stands the Sea King’s castle,which has walls of coral and a roof(form) of beautiful shells.The mother of the king,a wise woman who is proud(be) born into the royal family,takes care of his six daughters.Among the six sea-princesses,the youngest is the prettiest.Although she has delicate skin like a rose-leaf and eyes as blue as the deepest sea,she has no feet but a fish tail just like her sisters.The most common way for the princesses(play) all day long is (swim) in the halls of the castle or among the flowers growing out of the walls,feeding and touching the fish(swim) up to their hands through the windows.They seem(not worry) about anything,except for theyoungest,who...Suggested answers:to measure; to see; dancing; formed; to have been;to play; swimming/to swim; swimming; not to worryActivity3Read the beginning of The Little Mermaid once again and continue to write what will happen next.They seem not to worry about anything except for the youngest, who___________________Suggested answers:They seem not to worry about anything except for the youngest, who wants to see what life is like on land. She swims all the way to the surface and sees a large ship. It travels towards her at great speed and terrifies her. She swims below the surface of the water and just manages to swim away from the big ship. She now realises that it is a scary world outside of the ocean, and she decides to stay with her family and friends under the sea.Activity4Complete the news report below with the appropriate forms of the verbs in brackets.Across northern Africa, the desert is steadily growing. Dry lands are spreading. But a bold project known as the Great Green Wall aims 1.(stop) the growth of the desert. The ambitious program includes plans 2.(help) protect and maintain resources and fight poverty.Farmers are learning 3.(care) for their land and use water wisely. They are also planting millions of trees and crops. The Great Green Wall would cover 4.area more than 4,000 miles wide. The program receives support from the United Nations, the World Bank and other groups.The Great Green Wall’s trees provide a barrier 5.desert winds and help hold moisture in the air and soil, allowing crops 6.(grow).More resources will bring more jobs. “The goal is to create sustainable land management,” said Nora Berrahmouni, a forestry officer 7.works with the Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations.Trees and crops have been planted in Senegal and Niger. An 8.(add) benefit of the Great Green Wall is 9.countries in the region are sharing information about which programs work and which don’t. Now, along with trees, 10. (idea) are taking root.Suggested answers:1.to stop2.to help3.to care4.an5.against6.to grow7.who/that8.added9.that10.ideasStepⅠLanguage useAsk students to write a paragraph with any topic using infinitives and v.-ing form.Suggested answers:Recently, I have managed to become a more active learner. When I am reading a book or listening to my teacher, I try to forget what I have learnt before or what I think about the book or the person giving me the information and practise concentrating on the information itself. At the beginning, it was difficult to do so and I couldn’t help questioning the ideas I was reading or hearing. But now I have learnt to avoid listening to my inner voice all the time and sometimes I even argue with it. On the other hand, I also attempt to ask as many questions as I can. I have noticed that the answers to the questions have really helped me understand the topic a lot better.StepⅠ PracticeⅠ.Rewrite the underlined parts using infinitives.Suggested answers:1.to help you keep track of2.to record your steps, speed and distance3.to enable you to stay hands-free4.to make it comfortable to wearⅠ.单句语法填空1.Fascinated by the structural beauty of the Forbidden City as a painter, she is equally interested (learn) more about Chinese philosophy.2.Von Wong hopes that his work will also help pressure big companies (reduce) their plastic footprint.lions of acres of wetlands were dried (feed) and house the ever-increasing populations, greatly reducing waterfowl habitat.4.Our aim was(see) if we could live, in some way, like real Parisians.Suggested answers:1.to learn2.to reduce3.to feed4.to see。

Unit 3 第3课时Learning about languageⅠ.根据汉语完成句子1．那家餐馆尤其受年轻人的欢迎。

The restaurant is________ ________ ________young people.2．我们的解释似乎只使他更困惑。

Our explanation seemed only to________ ________his puzzlement.3．丹尼尔趁没人看见，偷偷溜出了房间。

Daniel________ ________ ________the room when no one was looking.4．我喜欢她的外套，她也喜欢我的，所以我们就交换了。

I liked her coat and she liked mine, so we________.答案：1.particularly popular with 2.add to 3.slid out of 4.swappedⅡ.单项填空1．(2007·上海春－39)She wants her paintings________in the gallery, but we don't think they would be very popular.A．displayB．to displayC．displayingD．displayed答案：D题意：她希望自己的油画作品能在画廊里展览，但是我们认为这些绘画可能不会有人喜欢。

want sth.(to be) done 表示“希望某事被……”；例如：I want it (to be) done as quickly as possible. 我希望这件事尽快做好。

2．(2006·湖南－21)The wild flowers looked like a soft orange blanket________the desert.A．coveringB．coveredC．coverD．to cover答案：A题意：野花就像覆盖在沙漠上的柔软的桔红色地毯。

人教版英语选择性必修一：3.3 Learning about language 练习（解析版）1、Unit3FascinatingParksPeriod3Learningaboutlanguage〔练习解析版〕I：单词拼写1.The governmenthasmadelaws to_________(禁止) tobacco advertisements onTV.【答案】prohibit2.Whenyou_________(打喷嚏), air andoften small drops of liquid suddenly comeoutof y our nose and mouth inawayyoucannot control.【答案】sneeze3.He seems tobe stuck withthe_________(标签)oft2、roublemaker.【答案】label4.Shedecidedto_________(伸出)outher hand and help theoldmanupfromhis chair.【答案】stretch5.Textbookwritingcanbeanintellectually_________(有益的) activity.【答案】rewarding6.The _________(茶壶) camewith a stand tocatch the dripsofwater.【答案】teapot7.He peeled the paper top off a little white tuband p oured the _________3、(奶油) into his coffee. 【答案】cream8.Werequiregrammarandspellingtobe_________(精确的).【答案】accurate9.It’sk nowntousthatsmokingdomuchdamagetothe_________(肺部).【答案】lung10.We saw amother_________(豹子)sleepingunderthe treeswithhercubs.【答案】leopardII：单句语法填空1.Thelocalgovernmenthas announced a_________(prohibit) on smokingon buses.【答案】prohibition4、2.Hissmallsizeprohibitshis_________(become)apoliceman.【答案】becomingn【解析】prohibitsb(sb’s)doingsth,故使用动名词作宾语。