作文替换词汇

作文高级词汇替换1.原词：电视节目/偶像/手游等替换：消费主义语境下的快餐式娱乐符号例句：目视当下，消费主义语境下快餐式的娱乐符号充斥着我们的生活，我们的灵魂，似乎已经追不上我们的生活。

2.原词：短视频替换：短平快的感官刺激和快速更替的井喷式的信息例句：短平快的感官刺激和快速更替的井喷式的信息诚然可以让我们获得短时间的心灵满足。

3.原词：高新科技替换：物质文明的提纯者与精神文明的选择者例句：面对高新科技——这一物质文明的提纯者和精神文明的选择者，我们却陷入了一种两难境地——它带来的便利和消弭的生活情致，哪一个于我们才是更重要的？4.原词：崇洋媚外类的坏现象替换：多元文化融合的当下产生文化冲突，而导致本民族文化在社会生活中易被忽视的不利局面例句：过洋节无可厚非，但值得思考的是多元文化融合的当下产生文化冲突，而导致本民族文化在社会生活中易被忽视的局面。

5.原词：传统文化替换：儒教传统下精神文明符号的凝结例句：如今，复兴传统文化，这一儒教传统下精神文明符号的凝结，拥有了空前的必要性与现实意义。

6.原词：获得成功替换：功利目的是实现阶级提升/获得世俗成功例句：“小镇做题家”的功利目的，固然是实现阶级提升，获得世俗成功，但不可否认知识的学习也会给他们带来不同于父辈与祖辈的，知识存量的增加与理性韬养。

7.原词：教育替换：对文化的选择、传递和创造例句：教育是对文化的选择，传递和创造，智育如此，美育和体育也是如此。

如果只强调智育，那么美育和体育文化中值得珍视和传承的部分，就会消失在一代人的忽视中。

8.原词：学习知识替换：知识存量的增加和理性韬养例句：对于青少年而言，通过学习知识，获得知识存量的增加和理性韬养固然重要，而美育和体育的重要性同样不可忽视。

9.原词：阅读替换：缓慢、深长的严肃文学阅读体验例句：比起快餐式的短视频带来的感官刺激，我更倾向于进行缓慢、深长的严肃文学阅读。

10.原词：提高修养替换：停下来等一等我们的灵魂例句：尽管在物欲被高度强调的当下稍事娱乐无可厚非但我也想说，是时候停下来，等等我们的灵魂了。

没有 growingly 这种形式。

所以当修饰名词时用 increasing/growing ；修饰形容词，副词用 increasingly)Private cars haveCellphones are with the development of informationtechnology.I hope my suggestions are of great help to you.… : it reminded me of …7.hardly necessary,hardly inevitable8.:sth appeals to sb, / sth exerts a tremendousfascination on sb.The performance appealed to me.The natural views exerted a tremendous fascination on me.1: … keep sb. company1’s companysth.’t get enough of sth./ sb.Tom the performance.19.interactionThe: participated in … actively / got involved in sth.: /engaged in…2It hit me that …/It struck me that … /A thoughtcrossed my mind that …’s mind:: took some shots of …. got some goodshots of … /pointed/focused a camera on sth. / camera flashed / clickedI managed the building.Our parents us.when we got onto the stage.thrilled…)/ without hesitation /wasting no timeto do sth.3repaid.We paida visit tothe school withthe aimof increasingstudents' awareness of environmental protection.He started the activity for the purpose of helping the people in need 需要帮助的Shoppers crowded into the market in the hope of finding a bargain.She couldn't 掩饰快乐，愉悦if nobody else were present.Her eyes shine with excitement.Their faces shone with delight.The audience vi.The vt.vi.The audience一阵热烈的掌声There was when the winners ran onto the stage.The audience回忆涌上心头使回想起That day满面笑容 She stands on the stage,smilingfromear toear.smile broadly / sweetly / happily / brightly / warmly / politely He sat there smilingbroadly.their faces.A broad smile spread across her face, hearing the news.a broad / wide / big / friendly / warm / bright / beaming / radiant smile努力He has taken great pains to improve his grades.He has always taken great pains with his lecture.The teacher took the trouble to learn all our names on the first day.He took trouble with his appearance.通过某人的努力The money was collected through our efforts.He catch up with his classmates.put effort into (doing) sth. This put more effort into their work after that.值得努力It's difficult to accomplish the task, but it is well worth the effort.不遗余力地做某事They will spare to effort to give the poor guy a hand.a collective / joint / team / cooperative / collaborative effort 共同努力The accomplishment of the work was really a team / joint effort.全力以赴 Wearegoingall outfor thevictory inthegame.time.给某人留下深刻印象Emma certainly left a positive impression on me.She made a strong / deep impression on me the first time I met her.H er generosity andhonesty made a lastingimpressiononmy teacher andme.We were impressed with the good deeds of all the candidates.让某人意识到某种情况It was the incident that opened my eyes to her true character.The training opened my eyes to the consequence of our behavior.This experience really broadened her horizons.让某人真正理解 ..The activity gave us a real insight into the importance of teamwork.某人理解...I gained more insights about him from reading books than talking to him.The experience provided valuable insights into the nature of human society.给...解释；使某人理解 ...Mike enlightened me as to the nature of the experiment.adj.受启发的He found the conversation very enlightening.开明的，开通的The parents took an enlightened approach / attitude to child-rearing.Her of gratitude.The tears he shedwere tears ofjoy.She began to cry again, but they were tears of joy.Tears of happiness poureddownher cheeks.By this time, tears were streaming down my face.被感动落泪不让眼泪掉下来眼里噙满了泪水Mary 哭起来That 让某人流泪I was sweating a lot despite the air conditioning.Within minutes she was sweating heavily.The players ran very fast and sweated bucketsSweat was running down his face.在耳中回响Withhis words ringinginmy ears throughthe years, I feel I amready torise to any challenge at any time.He left with the teacher's praises ringing in his ears.在脑中回响My mom's words rang out in my head like a church bell.The gymnasium rang with the loud cheers of the students.The whole room rang with their laughter./ auditorium / cinema / theatre / building / house . . . 回荡在...Our teacher's voice echoed around the classroom.His laughter echoed through the house.在耳中回响Her words still echo in my ears.the theatre / room / auditoriumdisappointed/ panicked/ scared/ terrified/ sad/ cautious / funny / confused/puzzled/curious /skeptical /satisfied/determined/sympathetic /grateful /guilty /joy /disappointmentHe tried to hide the look of disappointment on her face.There was an expression of joy on his face.She had a curious look in her eyes.He opened the door with a surprised look on his face.A worried expression crossed her face.A look of joy appeared on his face.She wear a curious expression on her face.Mike's face had a grateful look.I saw the delight in the boy's eyes.充满 (快乐，活力)His face was alive with excitement.The whole house was alive with activity.The room was alive with the sound of cheering.活跃起来，有兴趣，变得有趣She came alive when she sat down at the piano. The game came alive when he scored a goal.All at once, there was a knock at the door.37. by accident / by chance: I met her by accident.38. sing out loud 大声唱出来visit pay a visit to exploreActions speak louder than words. 行动胜于言辩All roads lead to Rome. 条条大路通罗马。

英语作文中常用替换高级词汇（一）★形容词：1. 贫穷的：poor = needy = impoverished = poverty-stricken2. 富裕的：rich = wealthy = affluent = well-to-do = well-off3. 优秀的：excellent = eminent = top = outstanding4. 积极的，好的：good = conducive = beneficial=advantageous5. 消极的，不良的：bad = detrimental= baneful =undesirable6. 明显的：obvious = apparent = evident =manifest7. 健康的: healthy = robust = sound = wholesome8. 惊人的：surprising = amazing = extraordinary = miraculous9. 美丽的：beautiful = attractive = gorgeous = eye-catching10. 有活力的：energetic = dynamic = vigorous =animated11. 流行的： popular = prevailing = prevalent= pervasive★动词：1. 提高，加强：improve = enhance= promote = strengthen = optimize2. 引起：cause = trigger = endanger3. 解决：solve =resolve =address = tackle =cope with = deal with4. 拆除：destroy = tear down = knock down = eradicate5. 培养: develop = cultivate = foster = nurture6. 激发，鼓励：encourage = motivate = stimulate = spur7. 认为： think = assert= hold = claim = argue8. 完成：complete = fulfill = accomplish= achieve9. 保留：keep = preserve = retain = hold10. 有害于：destroy = impair = undermine = jeopardize11. 减轻: ease = alleviate = relieve = lighten★名词：1. 影响：influence= impact2. 危险：danger = perils =hazard3. 污染：pollution = contamination4. 人类：human beings= mankind = human race5. 老人： old people= the old = the elderly = the aged = senior citizens6. 幸福：happiness = cheerfulness = well-being7. 老师：teachers = instructors = educators = lecturers8. 教育：education = schooling = family parenting = upbringing9. 青少年：young people = youngsters = youths = adolescents10. 优点：advantage = merits = superiority = virtue11. 责任： responsibility = obligation = duty = liability12. 能力： ability = capacity = power = skill13. 职业： job = career = employment = profession14. 娱乐： enjoyment = pastimes = recreation= entertainment15. 孩子： children = offspring = descendant= kid★短语：1. 充满了：be filled with = be awash with = be inundate with = be saturated with2. 努力：struggle for = aspire after = strive for = spare no efforts for3. 从事： embark on = take up = set about = go in for4. 在当代: in contemporary society = in present-day society= in this day and age5. 大量的: a host of = a multitude of = a vast number of = a vast amount of（二）1.individuals,characters, folks替换(people ,persons)2: positive, favorable, rosy (美好的)，promising(有希望的) perfect, pleasurable , excellent, outstanding, superior替换good3: dreadful, unfavorable, poor, adverse, ill (有害的)替换bad, 如果bad做表语，可以有be less impressive替换eg. An army of college students indulge themselves in playing games, enjoying romance with g irls/boys or killing time passively in their dorms. When it approaches to graduation, as a r esult, they find their academic records are less impressive.4.(an army of, an ocean of, a sea of, a multitude of ,a host of, many, if not most)替换many.注：用many, if not most 一定要小心，many后一定要有词。

2023年高考作文高级词汇替换分类汇总高频动词1、认为/宣称：believe/ insist/ maintain/ hold/ argue／assert/ declare/ claim/＊allege/reckon/contend2、反对：disagree/argue against/object/ oppose/contradict/＊dispute/ quarrel/ refute3、同意：agree/ in favor of/＊consent/ comply/concur4、导致：cause/ result in/ lead to/ contribute to/＊bring about/ give rise to5、影响：Influence/ impact/ affect6、解决：solve/work out/＊tackle/ resolve/address( I can address the issue. 我可以解决这个问题)7、处理：deal with/cope with/handle8、从事：carry out/be engaged in/occupy in/＊undertake/ embark on/ devote oneself to9、需要：require/ call for/ demand/ request＊necessitate/ yearn for/ hunger for/ desperate for10、增进/提高/促进/增强：improve/ enhance/ boost/promote/advance＊strengthen/ optimize/augment11、培养：develop/ cultivate/＊foster/nurture12、确保：assure/ ensure/ guarantee/promise/＊pledge13、减轻（消除）：relieve/ lighten/ take away/ eliminate/ ＊clear up/ smooth away/alleviate14、相联系：connect with/ relate to/＊contact with/ link to / associate with15、依赖于：depend on/ rely on/ rest on/＊count on/ lean on/ reckon on/ bank on16、忽视：ignore/ overlook/ neglect/ pass over/＊turn a blind eye to/ disregard17、改变：change/vary/alter/transform/convert/＊modify/shift/ reorganize18、认出(辨别）：recognize/tell from/distinguish/＊spot/ pinpoint/differenciate19、伤害：damage/destroy/ weaken/＊devastate/ impair/ ruin/ spoil20、意识到：be aware of/realize/ recognize/＊be apprehensive of21、激发(唤起）：encourage/ motivate /stimulate/＊spur/trigger/intrigue/provoke/evoke22、完成：complete/ finish/＊fulfill/ achieve/accomplish/realize23、保留（保护资源）：keep/ hold/ preserve/ conserve/＊retain/reserve/safeguard24、组成/占据：comprise/ compose/ consist of/ be made up/ occupy/take up/＊account for/constitute高频名词1、个人：individuals/ people/folks/persons/＊characters/citizens/dwellers2、老年人：old people/ the old/the elderly/ the aged/＊advancing years/ senior citizens3、孩子/ 青少年：children/ kid/ teenager/ youngster/ youths/＊adolescents/juvenile4、影响：impact /influence/effect5、好处：advantages/strengths/ merits/＊the upside/ boons/the strong points6、坏处：disadvantages/ weaknesses/ demerits/＊the downside/banes/ the weak points/drawbacks/flaw7、原因：reason / factor/ cause＊whys/causation8、发展：development/ progress/ growth/＊advancement/ evolution/ innovation/prosperity/blossom 9、能力：ability/ power/ skill＊capacity/ competence/talent10、多样性：diversity/ difference/ variety/＊range/ variation/ multiformity11、职业：job/ career/ employment/ vocation/ position / ＊profession / occupation12、压力：stress/ burden/ pressure/＊tension/ strain/ stresses/ strains13、娱乐：enjoyment/entertainment/amusement/＊pastimes/recreation14、老师：teachers/educators/ lecturers/tutor＊instructors15、教育：education/schooling/＊family parenting / upbringing16、环境：environment/circumstance/＊surroundings/ atmosphere/ ambience17、社会（公众）：society/ public/ general public＊community / the masses高频形容词1、重要的：important/ significant/ vital/ key/ pivotal/＊critical/ crucial/ indispensable/ imperative/ salient/ paramount 2、积极的/好的：beneficial/ positive/＊favorable/profitable/ rewarding/aspiring/advantageous3、消极的/坏的：harmful/ negative/damaging/detrimental/＊destructive/devastating4、常见的/普遍的：usual/ common/regular/＊widespread/habitual/typical/universal/prevalent5、充足的/丰富的：adequate/ abundant/ sufficient/＊ample/ affulent/ luxious/ lavish6、流行的：popular/ fashionable/ prevailing/＊prevalent/pervasive7、明显的：obvious/ apparent/ remarkable/＊manifest/crystal-clear/conspicuous8、现代的：modern/ current/ present /＊up-to-date/ contemporary/updated9、相似的：similar/ alike/＊resembling10、健康的：healthy/ fit＊robust/ sound/ wholesome11、有活力的：energetic/ vigorous/＊dynamic/ animated高频副词1、急剧地：dramatically/ sharply/ hugely/ markedly/＊drastically/enormously/substantially/significantly/considerably 2、平稳地：steadily/ smoothly/＊marginally/gradually/moderately/mildly3、大约：about/ almost/ nearly/＊roughly/approximately4、毫无疑问地：doubtlessly/undoubtedly＊unquestionably/ beyond any shadow of the doubt高频短语1、大量的：a host of/ a vast number of / a vast amount of /a great deal of/＊an array of/ an army of/an ocean of/ a sea of/ a multitude of /a host of/ many..., if not most( many individuals, if not most, harbor the idea that...)2、(在)当代：at present/ in contemporary society/ in this day and age/＊in present-day society/ in modern age3、事实上：actually/in fact/ in practice /as a matter of fact/＊virtually/in essence/in reality4、换言之：that is to say/in other words/to put it differently/＊to put it from another way/ to put it from another angle5、与…相比：compared with/in comparison with/＊by contrast/ on the contrary6、充满了：be filled with/ be full of /＊be inundate with/ be awash with/ be saturated with7、努力：struggle for / strive for /＊spare no efforts for/ aspaire after核心词汇解决：solve, deal with, cope with, handle, resolve, address, tackle 损害: damage, hurt, injure, harm, impair, undermine, jeopardise 给予: give, offer, render, impart, provide, supply, afford培养: develop, cultivate, foster, nurture优势: advantage, merit, virtue, benefit, upside, strength缺陷: disadvantage, demerit, drawback, downside, weakness使迷惑: puzzle, bewilder, perplex, baffle重要的: key, crucial, critical, important, significant, vital, substantial, indispensable, integral, imperative, pivotal认为: think, believe, insist, maintain, assert, conclude, deem, hold, argue, be convinced of protect, conserve, preserve确保: assure, ensure, guarantee有害的: bad, baneful, evil, harmful, destructional, detrimental要求: request, demand, need, require消除：eliminate, clear, remove, clear up, take away, smooth away, get rid of导致: lead to, bring about, result in, cause, spark off, conduce to, induce, generate, provoke, evoke, trigger, stimulate宣称: allege, assert, declare, claim发生: happen, occur, take place发展: development, advance, progress有益的: useful, helpful, beneficial, profitable, rewarding, advantageous影响: influence, impact, effect明显的: clear, obvious, evident, self-evident, manifest, apparent, crystal-clear, transparent, palpable事实上: practically, in practice, essentially, in essence, in reality, in effect, in fact, as a matter of fact, it is a fact that换言之: namely, that is to say, in other words, to put it like this, to put it differently, to put it from another way, to put it from another angle逻辑连接词表示原因的连接词：because; for; as; since; because of; owing to; due to; thanks to; as a result of; result from表示结果的连接词：thus; hence; so; so that; therefore; as such; as a result; as a consequence; consequently; accordingly; correspondingly; for this reason; in/under such circumstances; in.. .case表示相似点的连接词：like; likewise; too; also; similarly; as well; equally important; not only.but also; by comparison; compared to; in the same way/manner表示不同点的连接词：unlike; despite; instead; yet; but; though; although; rather; however; despite; in spite of; instead of; incontrast; in contrast to; whereas; while; whilst; nevertheless; on the contrary; on the other hand表示转折的连接词：but; yet; however; nevertheless; nonetheless表示例子的连接词：for example; for instance; such as; including; like; as; a case in point; take. as an example; say; go as follows; go like this表示顺序的连接词：first (second.); firstly (secondly.); initially; at the very beginning; to begin with; then; next; at first; previously; before; by then; after; afterwards; meanwhile; in the meantime; at the same time; at last; last but not least; lastly; finally; in the end; at length; in a few weeks; a few weeks later; before long; soon; at that time表示空间位置的连接词：in front of; behind; on the right; on the left; on the right-hand side; on the left-hand side; in the middle; at the upper right-hand side; next to; adjacent to; near to; nearby; in the distance; opposite to; at/on the top; at the bottom; at the lower left-hand side; in between; among; between; under/below/beneath; from behind the.表示递进的连接词：and; besides; moreover; what is more; furthermore; in addition; in addition to; additionally。

写作文时30个经典的替换词1.individuals,characters, folks 替换people ,persons2.positive, favorable, rosy (美好的)，promising (有希望的)，perfect, pleasurable , excellent, outstanding, superior 替换good3.dreadful, unfavorable, poor, adverse, ill (有害的) ,negative, inferior替换bad如果bad做表语，可以用be less impressive 替换eg. An army of college students indulge themselves in playing games, enjoying romance with girls/boys or killing time passively in their dorms. When it approaches to graduation, as a result, they find their academic records are less impressive.4.an army of, an ocean of, a sea of, a multitude of ,a host of, if not most, the majority of替换many注：用many, if not most 一定要小心，many后一定要有词。

5. a slice of, quiet a few , several, a couple of替换some6.harbor the idea that, take the attitude that, hold the view that, it is widely shared that, it is universally acknowledged that, I claim that, I argue that, I reckon, I guess替换think (因为是书面语，所以要加that)7.affair ,business ,matter, subject 替换thing8. shared 替换common9.reap huge fruits 替换get many benefits10.for my part ,from my own perspective 替换in my opinion11.Increasing(ly),growing 替换more and more( 注意没有growingly这种形式,所以当修饰名词时用increasing/growing；修饰形容词、副词时用increasingly)Eg. Sth has gained growing popularity.Sth is increasingly popular with the advancement of sth.12.little if anything, little or nothing 替换hardly13.beneficial, rewarding 替换helpful14.shopper,client,consumer,purchaser 替换customer15.exceedingly,extremely, intensely 替换very16.hardly necessary, hardly inevitable 替换unnecessary, avoidable17.sth appeals to sb, sth exerts a tremendous fascination on sb 替换sb take interest in / sb. be interested in18.capture one's attention 替换attract one's attention19.facet,demension,sphere 替换aspect20.be indicative of ,be suggestive of ,be fearful of 替换indicate, suggest ,fear21.give rise to, lead to, result in, trigger 替换cause22.There are several reasons behind sth 替换reasons for sth23.desire 替换want24.pour attention into 替换pay attention to25.bear in mind that 替换remember26. enjoy, possess 替换have (注意process是过程的意思)27. interaction 替换communication28.frown on sth, disapprove 替换be against , disagree with sth29.to name only a few, as an example 替换for example, for instance30. next to / virtually impossible 替换nearly, almost impossible。

★形容词：1. 贫穷的：poor = needy = impoverished = poverty-stricken2. 富裕的：rich = wealthy = affluent = well-to-do = well-off3. 优秀的：excellent = eminent = top = outstanding4. 积极的，好的：good = conducive = beneficial=advantageous5. 消极的，不良的：bad = detrimental= baneful =undesirable6. 明显的：obvious = apparent = evident =manifest7. 健康的: healthy = robust = sound = wholesome8. 惊人的：surprising = amazing = extraordinary = miraculous9. 美丽的：beautiful = attractive = gorgeous = eye-catching10.有活力的：energetic = dynamic = vigorous =animated11.流行的： popular = prevailing = prevalent= pervasive12.重要的：be of great importance=mean a lot=be of vital significance ★动词：1. 提高，加强：improve = enhance= promote = strengthen = optimize2. 引起：cause = trigger = endanger3. 解决：solve =resolve =address = tackle =cope with = deal with4. 拆除：destroy = tear down = knock down = eradicate5. 培养: develop = cultivate = foster = nurture6. 激发，鼓励：encourage = motivate = stimulate = spur7. 认为： think = assert= hold = claim = argue8. 完成：complete = fulfill = accomplish= achieve9. 保留：keep = preserve = retain = hold10. 有害于：destroy = impair = undermine = jeopardize11. 减轻: ease = alleviate = relieve = lighten★名词：1. 影响：influence= impact2. 危险：danger = perils =hazard3. 污染：pollution = contamination4. 人类：human beings= mankind = human race5. 老人： old people= the old = the elderly = the aged = senior citizens6. 幸福：happiness = cheerfulness = well-being7. 老师：teachers = instructors = educators = lecturers8. 教育：education = schooling = family parenting = upbringing9. 青少年：young people = youngsters = youths = adolescents10. 优点：advantage = merits = superiority = virtue11. 责任： responsibility = obligation = duty = liability12. 能力： ability = capacity = power = skill13. 职业： job = career = employment = profession14. 娱乐： enjoyment = pastimes = recreation= entertainment15. 孩子： children = offspring = descendant= kid★短语：1. 充满了：be filled with = be awash with = be inundate with = be saturated with2. 努力：struggle for = aspire after = strive for = spare no efforts for3. 从事： embark on = take up = set about = go in for4. 在当代: in contemporary society = in present-day society= in this day and age5. 大量的: a host of = a multitude of = a vast number of = a vast amount of1.individuals,characters, folks替换(people ,persons)2: positive, favorable, rosy (美好的)，promising(有希望的)，perfect, pleasurable , excellent, outstanding, superior替换good3: dreadful, unfavorable, poor, adverse, ill (有害的)替换bad, 如果bad做表语，可以有be less impressive替换eg. An army of college students indulge themselves in playing games, enjoying romance with girls/boys or killing time passively in their dorms. When it approaches to graduation, as a result, they find their academic records are less impressive.4.(an army of, an ocean of, a sea of, a multitude of ,a host of, many, if not most)替换many.注：用many, if not most 一定要小心，many后一定要有词。

★形容词：1. 贫穷的：poor = needy = impoverished = poverty-stricken2. 富裕的：rich = wealthy = affluent = well-to-do = well-off3. 优秀的：excellent = eminent = top = outstanding4. 积极的，好的：good = conducive = beneficial=advantageous5. 消极的，不良的：bad = detrimental= baneful =undesirable6. 明显的：obvious = apparent = evident =manifest7. 健康的: healthy = robust = sound = wholesome8. 惊人的：surprising = amazing = extraordinary = miraculous9. 美丽的：beautiful = attractive = gorgeous = eye-catching10. 有活力的：energetic = dynamic = vigorous =animated11. 流行的： popular = prevailing = prevalent= pervasive★动词：1. 提高，加强：improve = enhance= promote = strengthen = optimize2. 引起：cause = trigger = endanger3. 解决：solve =resolve =address = tackle =cope with = deal with4. 拆除：destroy = tear down = knock down = eradicate5. 培养: develop = cultivate = foster = nurture6. 激发，鼓励：encourage = motivate = stimulate = spur7. 认为： think = assert= hold = claim = argue8. 完成：complete = fulfill = accomplish= achieve9. 保留：keep = preserve = retain = hold10. 有害于：destroy = impair = undermine = jeopardize11. 减轻: ease = alleviate = relieve = lighten★名词：1. 影响：influence= impact2. 危险：danger = perils =hazard3. 污染：pollution = contamination4. 人类：human beings= mankind = human race5. 老人： old people= the old = the elderly = the aged = senior citizens6. 幸福：happiness = cheerfulness = well-being7. 老师：teachers = instructors = educators = lecturers8. 教育：education = schooling = family parenting = upbringing9. 青少年：young people = youngsters = youths = adolescents10. 优点：advantage = merits = superiority = virtue11. 责任： responsibility = obligation = duty = liability12. 能力： ability = capacity = power = skill13. 职业： job = career = employment = profession14. 娱乐： enjoyment = pastimes = recreation= entertainment15. 孩子： children = offspring = descendant= kid★短语：1. 充满了：be filled with = be awash with = be inundate with = be saturated with2. 努力：struggle for = aspire after = strive for = spare no efforts for3. 从事： embark on = take up = set about = go in for4. 在当代: in contemporary society = in present-day society= in this day and age5. 大量的: a host of = a multitude of = a vast number of = a vast amount of1.individuals,characters, folks替换(people ,persons)2: positive, favorable, rosy (美好的)，promising(有希望的)，perfect, pleasurable , excellent, outstanding, superior替换good3: dreadful, unfavorable, poor, adverse, ill (有害的)替换bad,如果bad做表语，可以有be less impressive替换eg. An army of college students indulge themselves in playing games, enjoying romance with girls/boys or killing time passively in their dorms. When it approaches to graduation, as a result, they find their academic records are less impressive.4.(an army of, an ocean of, a sea of, a multitude of ,a host of, many, if not most)替换many. 注：用many, if not most 一定要小心，many后一定要有词。

1.认为,主张: argue，maintain，hold，believe, claim /把…看做…see /regard/consider/view…as考虑:take...into consideration/account, think over，reflect on／upon →think2.下结论，断定: come to/arrive at/draw the conclusion, conclude, decide，assert, wind up→judge3.获得: acquire，obtain，attain，reap ; 赢得，取得: earn，gain→get4.支持，赞成: approve of，in favor of，uphold，stand by one's side，agree with，give one's assent提倡: advocate, recommend, appeal to →support5.反对: oppose, contradict, object to/抵制: resist→say no to6.意义深远的，重大的: far-reaching, profound, significant, eventful重要的，有决定性的: vital, crucial, critical, remarkable, essential, decisive →important7.充分运用: make the most of, make full use of /使用: employ, utilize /应用: apply →use8.当前，目前: nowadays, at present, currently, presently →now9.勤奋的，勤勉的diligent, studious, industrious →hard-working10.认真的，谨慎的conscientious, cautious →careful, serious11.表达: voice, convey, express, deliver, communicate/描述，描写: depict, describe, picture, illustrate→say, tell12.聪明的，有才智的intelligent, bright, wise, brilliant →clever13.疲惫不堪的exhausted , worn-out, weary →tired14.参加participate in, attend, take part in, go in for, engage in, involve in→join, enter15.集中精力于fix/focus on, center on, concentrate on/专心于set one's mind on, be absorbed in, be buried in→pay one’s attention to16.沮丧的，失意的frustrated, discouraged, depressed, down-hearted, disheartened, low-spirited →sad17.努力做，尽力做attempt to, make efforts to, endeavor to, manage to do, strive for→try to18.志气，抱负，渴望aspiration, ambition, yearning, thirst →desire19.除……外apart from, in addition to, along with →besides20.开展，实施，做practice, carry out, conduct, perform →do21.优秀的outstanding, perfect, brilliant, remarkable, distinguished, excellent →good22.实现，完成achieve, accomplish, fulfill, complete →finish23.解释account for, illustrate, clarify →explain24.证明, 证实testify, confirm, verify, turn out →prove25.碰到，遇到come across, be faced with, encounter, confront →meet26.粗俗的，不雅的vulgar, unrefined, improper, foul, crude, coarse, rough →bad27.教育性的，启发性的instructive, educational, enlightening →good28.难以置信的，惊人的, 极好的fantastic, incredible, unusual, unbelievable, exceptional, extraordinary,marvelous, notable, striking, amazing, shocking, astonishing, gorgeous, overwhelming →great, surprising29.迷人的，吸引人的enchanting, charming, appealing, fascinating, attractive, alluring→beautiful, pretty30.请教, 咨询consult, return to, resort to →ask31.有偏见的，偏心的prejudiced, partial, discriminative →unfair32.等不及cannot wait to, be eager/thirsty to/for, long for, yearn for/to/after, look forward to, urge to do→want33.事实上in reality, as a matter of fact, practically, virtually, actually →in fact34.低等的，次要的inferior, junior, minor, secondary, lesser, insignificant →lower35.使信服convince, persuade, assure, confirm →make...believe36.有敌意的，反对的hostile, adverse, aggressive →not kind37.唯一的，不可替代的sole, single, unique, irreplaceable, →only38.显示point to, indicate, demonstrate, reflect, manifest →show39.节约的，节俭的economical, thrifty, frugal, prudent →saving, sparing40.迟早，最终eventually ,sooner or later, at length, ultimately →finally, at last41.在我看来，就我而言in my view/ belief/ eye, as far as I can see, personally speaking, as far as I amconcerned, from my point of view, as regards me, as for me →in my opinion42.想出，想到come up with, cross one's mind, occur to sb. →think out/up43.需要call for, require, demand →need44.真诚的，诚实的，正直的sincere, truthful, genuine, upright →honest45.轻视，蔑视despise, contempt, belittle, distain →look down upon…46.涌入flood into, overflow into, crowd into, swarm in →come into, enter47.合作cooperate, join forces, work side by side, make joint efforts →work together48.建设性的，有益的constructive, helpful, valuable, useful, beneficial →good49.遵守abide by, observe, conform →obey50.易于，倾向于be prone to, be liable to, tend to, incline to, be likely to →be possible51.失业的unemployed, laid-off, jobless, workless →out of work52.熟悉, 知道be acquainted with, be familiar with, be informed of/精通，掌握master，be proficient in, beskillful at, excel in, have a good command of →know53.解决, 处理resolve, settle, deal with, cope with, manage →solve54.意识到be aware of, be conscious of →realize55.消费consume, expend →spend56.决心做be determined to do, make up one's mind to do →decide to do57.足够的，充足的sufficient, adequate, ample →enough, plenty58.永久地，长期不变地permanently, enduringly, lastingly, constantly →unchangingly59.抛弃，放弃desert, abandon, quit, drop →give up60.巨大的tremendous, immense, huge, gigantic, giant, enormous →very big61.不计其数的countless, endless, unlimited, innumerable. immeasurable, incalculable, numerous→many62.熟人acquaintance/ 伙伴associate, companion/密友，知己intimate，confidant →friend63.有意义的meaningful 有价值的valuable, worthwhile →good64.提前，在……前ahead of time, ahead of schedule, in advance, prior to →before65.普遍的，大多数的prevailing, prevalent, dominant, vast, overwhelming→most of/ the majority of66.强烈的，激烈的keen, intense, fierce, violent →strong67.繁荣的，兴旺的prosperous, flourishing, thriving, booming/富裕的affluent, wealthy, well-off →rich68.壮丽的，引人注目的splendid, grand, magnificent, superb, striking, impressive, grand, marvelous →wonderful69.位于be located, be situated, stand, sit →lie70.显示, 反映demonstrate, reflect, manifest, indicate, point to, reveal →show71.承受，经历undergo, endure, live with, go through →experience(整体)由……组成be made up of, consist of, be comprised of, be composed of/构成(整体) constitute →form 73.毋庸置疑地，确信地unquestionably, indisputably, undeniably, out of question, go without saying,unsurprisingly, undoubtedly, It is no wonder that... , definitely →certainly, surely74.因为on account of, account for, for the sake of, by virtue of→because of/owing to/due to/thanks to/as aresult of75.看见witness, observe, view, catch sight of, catch a glimpse of, take a glance at, glaze at, stare at →see76.违反, 违背, 侵犯violate, disobey, infringe →break77.真诚的, 衷心的hearty, whole-heartedly, sincere, frank →honest78. 使……不安, 扰乱upset, agitate, bother, disturb, trouble →worry。

作文常见替换词汇able--capable, in a(ny)positionall the time--continually, continuously, constantly, perpetuallya lot--noticeably, considerably, a great deal, substantiallya lot of--many, numerous, a wide variety of(themes), a whole range of, a wide spectrumof(problems, themes, etc), an abundance of(opportunities, sources etc.)always--invariablyamount--quantityas a result--consequentlybasically--essentially, in essence, substantiallybe, amount to--constitutebecome smaller --be on the decrease/decline , decrease, decline, diminish, dwindle, recede become worse--deterioratebefore--prior tobegin--commencebetter--superiorbe(come) used to --be(come) accustomed tobig--major, significant, substantialcarry out--conduct, execute, commit, implementchange--alter, alteration, modify, modificationdo--conduct, transact(business)do not--fail to, omit toend--conclusion(to bring sth.to a conclusion)enough--ample, sufficient, adequate(grounds, evidence, preparation, resources etc)everywhere--ubiquitous(mistakes), persvasive(influence)fairly--comparatively, moderatelyfind out-- ascertain(the cause of sth, the truth of sth, whether sth.is true or not, what really happened etc) discern, discover(the cause of, factors behind sth , etc)fitting--proper, appropriatehatred--animosityhave--contain, be equipped with, possessif--in the event of, in case(of)in the end--eventually, finally, ultimatelykeep(doing)--continue, continally, continuosly, consistently, constantly, persist inknow--be aware of, conversant with, familiar withlater--subsequent(ly)less and less--decreasing(ly)let, allow--permitlike--to be partial to sth, likingliking--predilection for sth, partiality for sthlong--extensive(coverage, footnotes, passages, scope), protracted (delay, negotiations), prolonged(illness, interrogation)look at--consider, examine(argument, fact), explore, investigate(possibility), observe(behaviour)money--funding, funds, resourcesmore and more--incteasinglymuch--considerably, substantiallyneed--demand, requirenext to--adjacentnow--at present, at this juncture, at this moment, currentlyoften--frequent(ly)quick(ly)--rapid(ly), prompt(ly)rich, wealthy--affluent, opulent(society, life-style)right--appropriate, correct, properset up--establish(a new state, a government, a business), institute(custom, inquiry, restrictions, democracy, rule, government)sharp--abrupt, drastic(rise and falls)show--demonstrate, evince, manifest--reveal , divulgeside--aspect(of a prlblem)small--minor/insignificant (problems, differences etc), marginal(differences)therefore--consequentlything--element, aspect, objact, factor, considerationtoo--exceessively, inordinately, undulytoo many--an exceessive number of, a disproportionate number oftoo much--exceessive(ly)try--endeavor, striveunderstand--appreciateups and downs--vicissitudes (of war, history, fortune)very--extremely, in the extreme, immensely, intenselyyieled--produce(results) （图画含义）1. What does the author really want to tell us ? In my opinion, his real implication is that everyonehas to meet difficulties in their life experiences.2. The purpose of the pictures is to warn us that due attention has to be paid to the decreaseof ocean resources.3. The idea conveyed by the cartoon is apparent: the finishing point is just a new starting point.4. I cannot help relating these drawings to reality. They clearly show how human interpersonalrelationships have developed图画概述1. It goes without saying that drawings（图画） aim at revealing （有启迪作用的）a common andseries problem in the world: how to protect the ocean resources.2. Let’s take a closer look at the two pictures. The one on the left shows the state of the housingbefore the government implemented its urban renewal（城市更新） project, whereas the one on the right illustrates the situation afterwards.3. As described/portrayed（描绘）/illustrated/shown in the picture, many people nowadays liketo go to fitness centers to keep their bodies in shape. （在外形上处于良好状态）。