2015年-2016年电子科技大学808金融学基础考研真题试题试卷汇编

电子科技大学2015年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题电子科技大学2016年硕士研究生入学考试初试自命题科目及代码汇总•111单独考试政治理论•241法语(二外)•242德语(二外)•243日语(二外)•244英语(二外仅日语方向) •288单独考试英语•601数学分析•602高等数学•613分子生物学•615日语水平测试•616公共管理综合•621英语水平测试•622心理学综合•623新闻传播理论•625宪法学•688单独考试高等数学•689西方行政史•690中国近现代史•691政治学原理•692数学物理基础•694生物学综合•694生物学综合•695口腔综合•804行政法与行政诉讼法学•805新闻传播实务•806行政管理综合•808金融学基础•809管理学原理•811大学物理•812地理信息系统基础•813电磁场与电磁波•814电力电子技术•815电路分析基础•818固体物理•820计算机专业基础•821经济学基础•824理论力学•825密码学基础与网络安全•830数字图像处理•831通信与信号系统•832微电子器件•834物理化学•835线性代数•836信号与系统和数字电路•839自动控制原理•840物理光学•845英美文学基础知识及运用•846英语语言学基础知识及运用•847日语专业基础知识及应用•852近代物理基础•853细胞生物学•854国际政治学•855辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义•856测控通信原理•857概率论与数理统计•858信号与系统•859测控通信基础•860软件工程学科基础综合电子科技大学2015年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题考试科目:621英语水平测试注：无机读卡，所有答案必须写在答题纸上，写在试卷或草稿纸上无效。

Part I Reading Comprehension (40 points)Directions: In this part there are 5 passages, each with some questions or incomplete statements. Read them carefully and then choose from the four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D to answer the questions or complete the statements. Please write your answers on the Answer Sheet.Passage 1Oh no, not Anthony Weiner again.The older generation never gets it. Anthony Weiner, a candidate for mayor of New York, admitted this week to having sent more snaps of himself to a digital acquaintance. As any youngster could have told him, the way to find love is to send photos of your face.Consider Will, a 24-year-old up-and-coming film director in California. He meets potential dates via a smartphone app called Tinder. It finds potential matches who are nearby—your phone always knows where you are—and shows him photos from their Facebook profiles. Will can like or reject each photo. If a woman he likes also likes him, both are alerted and can start chatting.Tinder is quick (you can scroll through dozens of photos in minutes) and spares your blushes (you never know if someone rejects you). Will has already had three romantic encounters and hundreds of matches, he says. Justin Mateen, a co-founder of Tinder, says it has made 100m matches since its launch in September, and led to 50 marriage proposals. He adds: “The app has only really been going for nine months. There could be a baby popping out soon.”Americans are dating longer, which creates opportunities for matchmakers. Some are quite direct.Bang with Friends (BWF), another app, allows users to specify which of their Facebook friends they would like to spend the night with. If both parties feel the same way, BWF notifies them. If not, no one is any the wiser. BWF was booted from Apple’s app store, but that hasn’t stopped it from creating 200,000 pairings since its January launch. BWF’s boss, admits he came up with the concept while “a bit tipsy”.Such apps make it easier to find potential partners, but don’t seem to have turned America into a nation of bed-hoppers. Young women claim to have had a median of 3.6 male intimate friends while young men 6.1 female ones. These figures may be inaccurate—men may exaggerate; women may undercount—but they have not changed much in years.Parents fret that staring at screens all day has made youngsters socially inept face-to-face. A第1 页共12 页survey by two dating sites found that 36-38% of Americans aged 21-34 ask for dates by text message. But when they meet, they must still make their moves in person. Witty joking and a well-placed wink still have their uses.1. It can be summarized from the first three paragraphs that _________.A. we used to judge a potential match by his or her appearanceB. one can find love by sending his photos to a digital acquaintanceC. Anthony Weiner is trying to win more votes from digital friendsD. Tinder will probably replace traditional matchmakers worldwide2. The sixth paragraph is focused on _________.A. the huge success that BWF has achievedB. the serious consequence of digital datingC. the evolution of matchmaking in the U.S.D. the future developments of Facebook3. The last paragraph implies that _________.A. excessive use of apps leaves youngsters socially awkwardB. most young people find love through text messagesC. people in love often move their homes before marriageD. verbal or non-verbal language is still used during dates4. Potential matches found by Tinder are probably _________.A. young, single, and nearbyB. poor, married, but lonelyC. illiterate, retired, but divorcedD. far-away, busy, and happyPassage 2The human body contains enormous quantities of energy. In fact, the average adult has as much energy stored in fat as a one-ton battery. That energy fuels our everyday activities, but what if those actions could in turn run the electronic devices we rely on? Today, innovators around the world are banking on our potential to do just that.Movement produces kinetic energy, which can be converted into power. In the past, devices that turned human kinetic energy into electricity, such as hand-cranked radios, computers and flashlights, involved a person’s full participation. But a growing field is tapping into our energy without our even noticing it.Consider, for example, a health club. With every step you take on a treadmill and with every muscle curl, you turn surplus calories into motion that could drive a generator and produce electricity. The energy from one person’s workout may not be much, but 100 people could contribute significantly to a facility’s power needs.That’s the idea behind the Green Microgym in Portland, Oregon, where machines likes tationary bikes harvest energy during workouts. Pedaling turns a generator, producing electricity that helps to power the building. For now, body energy supplies only a small fraction of the gym’s needs, but the amount should increase as more machines are adapted. “By being extremely energy-efficient and combining human power, solar and someday wind, I believe we’ll be able to be net-zero for electricity sometime this year,” says the gym’s owner, Adam Boesel. His bikes, by the way, aren’t the flirts to put pedal power to work. In some parts of the world, cyclists have been powering safety第2 页共12 页lights for years with devices called bicycle dynamos, which use a generator to create alternating current with every turn of the wheels.Dance clubs are also getting in on the action. In the Netherlands, Rotterdam’s new Club WATT has a floor that harnesses the energy created by the dancers’ steps. For now, it’s just enough to power LED lights in the floor, but in the future, more output is expected from newer technology.5. Using human body energy as power supplies _________.A. requires us to be strongB. is a great new ideaC. proves to be difficultD. is increasingly popular6. It can be learned that the Green Microgym _________.A. is using human, solar and wind power to produce electricityB. is the first to use bikes to harvest human body energyC. will be able to satisfy its power needs by using green energyD. will introduce the technology to other parts of the world7. What is the author’s most likely comment on the application of body energy?A. It is unrealistic at present.B. It has a promising future.C. Its effect is still unknown.D. It depends on the energy cost.Passage 3The first of Laurence Smith’s two weddings was meant to take place in the midwinter snow not far south of the Arctic Circle. The second foresaw balmy blue skies in Palm Springs, California. As it turned out, the guests were greeted by rain and slush in the far north, then by a chill and more rain in the Californian desert.If the weather is capable of surprising him, why should anyone trust Mr. Smith’s forecast for 2050? Because the growing freakiness of weather is precisely his point. Climate change is one of four mega-trends, along with globalization, population growth and surging demand for natural resources, that he thinks will shape the world over the coming decades. The first part of his book The New North: The World in 2050 is a familiar tale of teeming cities, roaring trade, harder-to-get-at oil and rising sea levels.But Mr. Smith comes into his own when he explores the consequences of these trends (climate change especially) for the quarter of the Earth that lies at latitudes above 45°N. A geographer at the University of California, Los Angeles, he specializes in the frozen lands of Russia, Canada, Alaska and Iceland. The region is about to undergo a great transformation.The planet’s warming may be global, but climate-change models predict it will be amplified in the north. Permafrost will melt and settlement patterns will change. Inland, construction will become trickier and ice roads less dependable, so development will gravitate to the coasts. By mid-century the Arctic Ocean may be briefly free of sea ice in September, a boon to shipping. Crops will spread north as seal hunters become farmers.Interest in the region’s vast and increasingly accessible natural resources is already growing, along with the potential for conflict over the rights to these riches. Mr. Smith believes there is every chance that the development of the “new north” will be peaceful, thanks to habits of cooperation and第3 页共12 页an internationally accepted rule book for laying down rights to the seabed. He sees a leading role for the region’s indigenous peoples.By 2050 the answers to some very big questions should be clear: what happens to the north’s massive stocks of carbon in the soil as it defrosts; whether great schemes to channel freshwater from north to south are attempted; how populous, resource-hungry China works with Russia’s emptying, resource-rich Far East. Mr. Smith reckons an area about one and a half times the size of the United States will be habitable, albeit for much of the year still cold and dark. The development of the new north, he thinks, might resemble that of the American West, dotted with settlements formed for mining and trade.Obscuring the view of 2050, however, is a caveat that looms as large as an Arctic iceberg. Mr. Smith sets ground rules that allow him to extrapolate into the future without worrying about disruptions such as game-changing leaps in technology. This is an “informed thought-experiment”rather than a proper prediction. But for anyone curious about the new north—let alone thinking of investing in Arctic derivatives—it is an instructive exercise.8. The word “boon” in the fourth paragraph can be replaced by _________.A. prohibitionB. prosperityC. benefitD. catastrophe9. According to Laurence Smith, the following are all very likely to happen in the future decadesEXCEPT _________.A. The local people in the “new north” will benefit from the climate changeB. The development of the “new north” will be on a peaceful processC. The natural resources in the “new north” will be able to exploitedD. The large amounts of carbon in the “new north” soils will be safely controlled10. What can be inferred from the passage?A. The author takes a skeptical attitude towards Laurence Smith’s predictions of the Arctic.B. The author reckons Laurence Smith is somewhat optimistic in imagining the “new north”C. Laurence Smith did a lot of experiments in combining geographical predictions andeconomic development.D. Laurence Smith shares with the author that the future of the Article depends on ourawareness and actions.11. Which of the following titles is more appropriate for the passage?A. The Arctic: The de-icing ageB. Climate Change: Humankind’s futureC. A Day Dreamer: Laurence Smith’s new writing styleD. 2050: The end of the worldPassage 4The newspaper must provide for the reader the facts, unalloyed, unslanted, objectively selected facts. But in these days of complex news it must provide more; it must supply interpretation, the meaning of the facts. This is the most important assignment confronting American journalism—to make clear to the reader the problems of the day, to make international news as understandable as第4 页共12 页community news, to recognize that there is no longer any such thing (with the possible exception of such scribbling as society and club news) as “local”news, because any event in the international area has a local reaction in manpower draft, in economic strain, in terms, indeed, of our very way of life.There is in journalism a widespread view that when you embark on interpretation, you are entering choppy and dangerous waters, the swirling tides of opinion. This is nonsense.The opponents of interpretation insist that the writer and the editor shall confine himself to the “facts”. This insistence raises two questions: What are the facts? And: Are the bare facts enough?As to the first query. Consider how a so-called “factual” story cones about. The reporter collects, say, fifty facts; out of these fifty, his space allotment being necessarily restricted, he selects the ten, which he considers most important. This is Judgment Number One. Then he or his editor decides which of these ten facts shall constitute the lead of the piece. This is important decision because many readers do not proceed beyond the first paragraph. This is Judgment Number Two. Then the night editor determines whether the article shall be presented on page one, where it has a large impact, or on page twenty-four, where it has little. Judgment Number Three.Thus, in the presentation of a so-called “factual” or “objective” story, at least three judgments are involved. And they are judgments not at all unlike those involved in interpretation, in which reporter and editor, calling upon their general background, and their “news neutralism,” arrive at a conclusion as to the significance of the news.The two areas of judgment, presentation of the news and its interpretation, are both objective rather then subjective processes—as objective, that is, as any human being can be. (Note in passing: even though complete objectivity can never be achieved, nevertheless the ideal must always be the beacon on the murky news channels.) Of an editor is intent on slanting the news, he can do it in other ways and more effectively than by interpretation. He can do it by the selection of those facts that prop up his particular plea. Or he can do it by the pay he gives a story—promoting it to page one or demoting it to page thirty.12. The title that best expresses the ideas of this passage is _________.A. Interpreting the News.B. Choosing Facts.C. Subjective versus Objective Processes.D. Everything Counts.13. Why does the writer of an article select ten out of fifty available facts?A. His editor is prejudiced.B. Space is limited.C. The subject is not important.D. The newspaper is arbitrary.14. What is the least effective way of “slanting” news?A. Placement.B. Concentration.C. InterpretationD. His editor is prejudiced.15. Why should the lead sentence present the most important fact?A. It will influence the reader to continue.B. It will be the best way to write.C. Some readers do not read beyond the first paragraph.D. It will gratify the editor.第5 页共12 页Passage 5One of the most pivotal moments in American literature occurred near the end of the nineteenth century as authors such as a young man named Stephen Crane began to embrace a literary style forged in Europe a bit earlier and which would come to be known as naturalism. Crane was born to parents in the ministry and grew up in a household grounded in religious beliefs and context. Yet, before long, Crane had, for the most part, rejected religion and the idea of divine intervention in favor of a more hands-on approach to the world. As he began to develop as a writer, naturalist themes of man versus nature, the unrelenting power of nature, and an objective view of the world began to dominate his writing. Naturalists attempted to depict the most accurate view of life unadulterated and unobstructed by external commentary or spiritual intervention. Ultimately Crane’s masterful short story The Open Boat stands as one of the most complete and developed works of the naturalist genre.The first apparent element of naturalism in The Open Boat is its subject matter—a shipwreck. Being as true to life as possible is one of the most common goals of a naturalistic writer, and, in this short story, Crane is no exception. It did not come from Crane’s imagination. Rather, it stemmed from his personal experience. As a young war reporter, Crane was on his way from Florida to Cuba when his vesse1, the Commodore, encountered a violent tempest. Within hours, the ship had sunk, leaving a few lucky survivors on a tiny lifeboat to be subjected to the full of nature. Throughout the story Crane depicts scene after scene as if they were snapshots or a shorn film of what the men in the boat were up against. Through his prose, Crane is able to reveal the unadulterated brutal realism manifest in nature itself.As Crane continues with the theme of man versus nature in The Open Boat, the element of pessimism crucial to any naturalistic work, becomes quite apparent. The men are at the mercy of the storms and the seas and cannot do much to save themselves. In this sense, Crane reveals the indifference of nature and the universe in relation to the life or plight of human beings in general. It’s obvious to him that angels will not swoop down and save the unfortunate men. The situation of the shipwreck is ideal because ordinary, everyday people must face an extreme situation from which it is more than likely that they will perish. Crane continually creates a mood of impending doom and the punishing nature of the universe throughout the story. Along the way, he provides little commentary on the situation, forcing readers to place themselves immediately on the boat with the men while enforcing the dark tone of the story. But, even to Crane and most naturalist writers, all is not lost.While Crane’s work The Open Boat is a dark account of a chance situation that turns fatal for many, but not all, of the crew of the Commodore, it also sets forth the main elements of a naturalistic literary work at the turn of the twentieth century. Despite the fact that nature can be unrelenting and compassionless towards humans at any given moment, Crane ultimately shows how individuals still always have the capacity to strive together to overcome hardships and disaster. Furthermore, the accuracy and detail by Crane shun any possibility of a sugarcoated reality and reveals the true ferocity of nature as it is.16. Which of the following can be inferred from the first paragraph about Stephen Crane?第6 页共12 页A. He enjoyed the ministry and listening to preachers.B. He did not enjoy writing when he was young.C. He was rivaled by no other author of his time.D. He was not in tune with the beliefs of his parents.17. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the underlinedsentence in the first paragraph?A. Naturalists liked to place their own opinions on spirituality in their writing.B. Naturalists placed more emphasis on representing life as it appeared to them.C. Naturalists tried to embody the most precise view of life by looking to religion.D. Naturalists believed the life was obstructed by outside ambition and spirituality.18. According to the second paragraph, The Open Boat is important as a naturalist work because_________.A. it is true account taken from Crane’s own personal experienceB. the story is completely fabricated from Crane’s imaginationC. it is based on a series of events in a shipwreck that Crane heard ofD. it does not attempt to glorify Crane’s heroism against nature19. The author discusses nature in the third paragraph in order to _________.A. show how Crane believes divine power will save humanityB. note that nature itself is stronger than all of humankindC. indicate that nature does not care for strife among peopleD. reveal how it is pessimistic toward life on Earth20. According to the fourth paragraph, the men in the boat are significant because _________.A. they show that by banding together, human beings can surviveB. they represent the ultimate downfall of life according to CraneC. they allow fate to run its course and decide their own futureD. they discount nature and do not take it seriously until the endPart II Structure and Vocabulary (20 points)Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Please write your answers on the Answer Sheet.21. The general manager usually _________ a question before he gives his answer.A. pondersB. extractsC. imploresD. enlists22. His classmates dislike him for his _________ as he always boasts about his family.A. reclusionB. pomposityC. prideD. austerity23. The writer told several _________ about his colleagues and made everybody laugh.A. legendsB. mythsC. fablesD. anecdotes24. She must have been pretty _____ to fall for such an old trick.A. interestedB. gullibleC. enthusiasticD. shrewd25. This is the ______ piano on which the composer created some of his greatest works.A. trueB. originalC. realD. genuine第7 页共12 页26. A lack of appetite may be ________ of a major mental or physical disorder.A. inquisitiveB. initiativeC. indicativeD. informative27. The self-image controls a person’s attitudes or _________ of what happens to her.A. interpretationsB. approachesC. commitmentsD. simulations28. By the year 2040, Yale University will need over eight acres of land to _________ its library.A. manipulateB. accommodateC. illuminateD. obligate29. If you don’t know where you’ re going in life, you are _________ to wind up somewhere else.A. possibleB. inevitableC. optionalD. liable30. As far as marriage is concerned, it is mutual care and love that _________.A. mountsB. discountsC. countsD. calculates31. If the ten amendments that _________ the Bill of Rights of the US Constitution were a familyof ten children, you wouldn’t want to be the Third.A. includeB. embraceC. compriseD. involve32. The person in custody must, prior to interrogation, be clearly informed that he has the right toremain _________.A. silentB. taciturnC. speechlessD. consent33. The road wound rather _________ into a valley, in which the Pemberley House was situated.A. unprecedentedlyB. abruptlyC. promptlyD. irreversibly34. There is some reason for not giving up my career and _________ a different one.A. taking inB. bringing aboutC. arising fromD. embarking on35. Their house was in close _________ to ours, so we became intimate friends in time.A. vicinityB. contactC. relationD. community36. What all this _________ rhetoric obscured was the lack of hard evidence that violent mediaactually turns children into killers.A. multiculturalB. innovativeC. hyperbolicD. interactive37. A(n) _________ reading approach to reading is a combination of approaches—global, analyticand synthetic—used to suit the convenience of the reader.A. literalB. innovativeC. liberalD. eclectic38. _________ with languages gives you an edge in many jobs and professional opportunities, butis especially valuable in fields such as advertising, business, education and foreign affairs.A. ThresholdB. FacilityC. SpecializationD. Accommodation39. Rather than dictate how I think it ought to work, I would tell my employees to _________something that will work.A. get back toB. get out ofC. come along withD. come up with40. The visitors were impressed by the facilities planned and programmed ________ theirinterrelationships.A. in terms ofB. in aspects ofC. in units ofD. in case ofPart III Cloze (20 points)Directions: Fill in each blank with ONE appropriate word to complete the passage. Please write your answers on the Answer Sheet.第8 页共12 页Passage A:A new report published on November 4th takes a different approach.GlobalWebIndex (GWI), a market-research firm 41 local partners in 32 countries, surveys 170,000 consumers a year and recently began to ask detailed questions about internet use. It 42 China and India in the top three for Facebook users. SimilarWeb, 43 does IP-based analysis, does not even put China in the top ten.One reason for the 44 is that in many developing markets devices are widely shared. Conversely, more than three-quarters of respondents in the GWI report said they used more than one 45 . 46 factor is the spread of virtual private networks (VPNs) and proxy servers, which 47 it possible to surf the web through a foreign server.Once restricted to the tech-literate, these are now common and easy to use. Chinese citizens who want to vault the Great Firewall to use Facebook can do so with a couple of clicks. Foreign fans of the BBC can use the 48 trick to watch its programs via iPlayer, supposedly barred 49 Britain. Since VPNs and proxy servers are clustered in 50 with favorable rules, such as Sweden and the Netherlands, any count of visits to such sites will be skewed. 41. ____________42. ____________43. ____________44. ____________45. ____________46. ____________47. ____________48. ____________49. ____________50. ____________Passage B:Happy hours are not necessarily happy, 51 do they last for an hour, but they have become a part of the ritual of the office worker and businessman.52 weekdays in pubs and bars throughout America, there is the late afternoon happy hour. The time may 53 from place to place, but usually it is held from four to seven. 54 the workday is finished, office workers in large cities and small towns take a relaxing pause and do not go directly home. They head off 55 for the nearest bar or pub to be with friends, co-workers and colleagues. Within minutes the pub is filled to capacity 56 businessmen and secretaries, office clerks and stock executives. They gather 57 the bar like birds around a fountain or forest animals around a watering hole and chat about the trifles of office life or matters more personal. This is their desert garden, the place to relieve the day’s stress at the office.At these happy hours, social binding occurs 58 people who share the same workplace or similar professions. They may chat about each other or talk about a planned project that has 59 to meet a deadline. In this 60 , these places become extensions of the workplace and constitute a good portion of one’s social life. 51. ____________52. ____________53. ____________54. ____________55. ____________56. ____________57. ____________58. ____________59. ____________60. ____________第9 页共12 页Part IV Paraphrasing (20 points)Directions: Paraphrase the underlined parts. Please write your answers on the Answer Sheet.Consult any encyclopedia and you will find Charles Babbage credited with having conceived the first automatic digital computer. (61) Dig deeper, however, and it quickly becomes apparent that Babbage had a lot of help.Others before him had already tried to build calculating contraptions, notably Gottfried Leibniz, a German mathematician. (62) Babbage held regular salons and founded clubs where his ideas were sharpened. And there was also Ada Lovelace, his collaborator and the world’s first computer programmer.The argument against the great man theory of invention is not new. (63) But the main merit of Walter Isaacson’s new book The Innovators is to show that this is particularly true in information technology—despite the customary lionization of many of its pioneers, from Babbage and Alan Turing to Bill Gates and Linus Torvalds.All appear in Mr. Isaacson’s book, which explains its length. Whether their worlds revolved around the computer itself, the microchip, software, the PC, the internet or everything in between—these are all stories that show that invention always has many fathers (and mothers). (64) In fact, those who tried to go it alone tended to fail.(65) Mr. Isaacson thinks geniuses are important but they have to be seen in the context of times they lived in and the people they collaborated with. John von Neumann was a Hungarian-born polymath who worked on the ENIAC, one of the first programmable machines. His name is associated by many with early advances in programming and software architecture. (66) But it was a group of women who were at the forefront of programming, because back then it often involved plugging in wires and throwing switches. “If the ENIAC’s administrators had known how crucial programming would be…they might have been more hesitant to give such an important role to women,” he quotes one of them, Jean Jennings, as saying.(67) The ENIAC also shines a light on another issue: how innovation should best be commercialized. In 1945 von Neumann published a paper summarizing the project’s ideas—making it impossible for others on the team to patent them. The debate over whether innovation is better served by sharing intellectual property or by protecting it has been heated.(68) Mr. Isaacson clearly thinks that innovation is all about getting the mix right, though he doesn’t put it quite that way. If a brilliant leader is too self-involved, as was the case with William Shockley, an American physicist who helped invent the transistor radio, things fall apart. (69) Similarly, teams that lack a willful visionary often falter, as happened after Steve Jobs left Apple. Groups with a wide variety of specialities and experiences do much better than a bunch of left-brainers.The Innovators has not quite lived up to its own advice of getting the mix right. (70) Mr. Isaacson could have dedicated more pages to what he calls “lessons from the journey”, rather than retelling at length stories that other books have already laid out, even if he does give them credit. Then again, just like great technology, a good book doesn’t just emerge from nowhere.第10 页共12 页。

电子科技大学2015年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题考试科目：431 金融学综合注：所有答案必须写在答题纸上，写在试卷或草稿纸上均无效。

一、判断题，正确的标注“ü”，错误的标注“û”。

（每题 1 分，共 10 分）1、通常而言，未对信用贷款申请者进行信用记录审核的银行更加可能吸引到低质量的高风险客户，这反映了信贷过程中的“逆向选择（Adverse Selection）”问题。

（）2、某投资者声称“根本无法通过分析股票的历史信息而获得异常回报”，这说明该投资者是“弱式有效市场”的坚信者。

（）3、平均而言，创业板较之主板具有较高市盈率（Price-to-Earning Ratio, 简称PE Ratio）的原因在于，创业板市场的投资者更加非理性，从而导致高的市盈率。

（）4、套期保值者和投机者是金融市场上基本的两类投资者，而投机者的本质就是赌徒。

（）5、远期和期货属于风险对冲的工具，而期权和互换属于保险的工具。

（）6、根据组合选择理论，市场上存在无风险资产的情形下，不同投资者最优的风险资产组合并不依赖于其个人的风险偏好。

（）7、假设你当前建立3个月后到期的、5000蒲式耳的小麦期货空头，并缴纳$2,000的保证金。

第二天，该期货价格下跌5美分，那么你保证金账户的资金余额将为$2,000 + $250 =$2,250。

（）8、2014年5月29日，Apple公司股票的收盘价为每股$921/16。

假设现有以Apple公司股票为标的资产、执行价格为每股$120、到期日为2014年12月25日的看涨期权，那么，可以判断该看涨期权价格为零。

9、其它条件不变的情况下，标的资产的价格波动越大，看涨期权和看跌期权的价格都越高。

（）10、有限责任公司的股东相当于持有以公司资产为标的资产、到期债务总额为执行价格、债务到期日为到期日的一份看涨期权，债权人则相当于持有一份看跌期权。

（）二、单项选择（每题 3 分，共 45分）第 1 页共7 页第 2 页 共 7 页1、 每份美国国债的面值高达$100,000，现有一位投资者拟将手头的$1,000投资于美国国债。

电子科技大学2015年硕士学位研究生入学考试试题考试科目：809管理学原理注：所有答案必须写在答题纸上，写在试卷或草稿纸上均无效。

一、名词解释（每小题3分，共15分）1.法约尔桥2.权力差距3.职能职权4.保健因素5.德尔菲法二、判断题（每小题1分，共15分。

在正确说法后面写T，在不正确说法后面写F）1.管理主要的目的是使资源成本最小化，因此，追求效率是管理的目标之一。

2.目标管理就是上级给下级制定目标，并根据目标对下级进行考核。

3.事业部制又叫“斯隆模型”，是一种分权管理模式。

4.任务目标原则是组织设计的最基本的原则，机构的关停并转撤都应以此为依据。

5.组织的管理层次过多，管理职位多，管理成本高，不利于内部信息交流与沟通。

6.组织中的参谋人员的职责不仅仅是建议，在很多场合还具有指挥与协调的作用。

7.环境不确定程度一方面取决于环境因素的多少，另一方面取决于环境因素变化速度。

8.在紧急情况下，专制式领导方式是必要的。

9.在领导生命周期理论中，领导方式的有效性取决于下属心理成熟度和工作成熟度。

10.根据马斯洛需求层次理论，金钱在满足生理需要时最能起激励作用，在满足其它需要时很难起激励作用。

11.根据亚当斯公平理论，如果员工自己的回报与投入的比值低于其他人的回报与投入的比值，员工就会有不公平感产生，导致员工工作态度和行为的变化。

12.弗鲁姆期望理论的基本假设之一是：组织内个体所做的决定是建立在行为是否能导致所追求结果的基础上，对自己有利就做或努力做，对自己不利就不做或不努力做。

13. 反馈控制最大的缺点是，在管理者实施纠偏措施之前，偏差已经产生，损失已经造成，对工作没有任何意义，所以我们没有必要进行反馈控制。

《管理学原理》试题共4页，第1页14.分权和授权都是权力下放，分权属于系统性、制度性和长期的权力下放，而授权属于任务性、临时性和短期的权力下放。

在组织中，如何分权是每个管理者都应该考虑问题，因为这是他的职责所在。

2016年电子科技大学金融硕士（MF）金融学综合真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. 选择题 3. 判断题 6. 简答题单项选择题1．通常而言，产品期限超过1年的金融市场被称为( )。

A．货币市场B．资本市场C．场外市场D．银行间市场正确答案：B解析：金融市场以金融交易的期限作为标准来划分可分为货币市场和资本市场。

货币市场是交易期限在1年以内的短期金融交易市场。

资本市场是交易期限在1年以上的长期金融交易市场。

2．下列属于道德风险(Moral Hazard)行为的是( )。

A．预计比平均寿命长的人通常更加愿意购买寿险B．未对申请者进行信用记录审核的银行通常更加可能吸引到高风险的贷款者C．购买汽车保险后，车主将车停在无人看守的马路边D．驾驶员中的“新手”通常更加愿意购买汽车保险正确答案：C解析：道德风险是指当签约一方不完全承担风险后果时所采取的自身效用最大化的自私行为，道德风险是由于事后的信息不对称造成的。

道德风险是签约后所发生的行为，购买汽车保险后，车主不再刻意避免保险事故的发生，属于道德风险。

ABD项，都属于逆向选择行为，逆向选择是指在买卖双方信息非对称的情况下，差的商品总是将好的商品驱逐出市场，或者说拥有信息优势的一方，在交易中总是趋向于做出尽可能地有利于自己而不利于别人的选择。

3．考虑一笔按天复利计息(Daily Compounding)、挂牌年利率(Annual Percentage Rate，APR)为14％的贷款。

如果年通货膨胀率为10％，那么该笔贷款实际的有效年利率(EffectiveAnnual Rate，EFF)为( )。

A．B．C．D．正确答案：B解析：由题干知，挂牌年利率为14％，通货膨胀率为10％，按天复利计息。

有效年利率指在按照给定的计息期利率和每年复利次数计算利息时，能够产生相同结果的每年复利一次的年利率。

计算公式为：EAR=－1=(1+14％／365)365－1；考虑到通货膨胀率h，根据费雪方程式，1+EAR=(1+r)(1+h)可知那么这笔贷款的有效年利率为：EAR=。

电子科技大学2016年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题考试科目：808 金融学基础注：所有答案必须写在答题纸上，写在试卷或草稿纸上均无效。

一. 判断题，正确的标注“✓”，错误的标注“✗”。

（每题2分，共20分）1、理性投资者在任何情况下都不会投资NPV为负的项目。

（）2、CAPM意味着在均衡时，切点证券组合与市场证券组合有相同的风险资产相对比例。

（）3、其他因素相同的情况下，可转换债券相对于不可转换债券具有更高的价格和更低的到期收益率。

（）4、假定标的资产的预期价格不变，标的资产价格波动性的增加将导致买入和卖出期权价值均增加。

（）5、对特定项目而言，不同的融资方式（如发行股票、债券等）将使得项目的资本成本有所不同。

（）6、投资零息债券没有风险。

（）7、对于一个由两种风险资产组成的有效投资组合，其中一种资产的收益率下降必然会改变原来的组合，即减少收益率下降的资产持有比例，同时增加另外一个资产的比例。

（）8、远期合约、期货合约、互换合约均是风险对冲（Hedging）的工具，而期权合约是一种保险（Insuring）工具。

（）9、根据组合选择理论，风险容忍度低的投资者可以通过融资的方式来增加其对切点组合的投资。

（）10、如果新投资项目的收益率超过了企业的市场资本化率，那么增加企业的留存比率会增加当前股票的价格。

（）二. 单项选择（每题3分，共30分）1、一个企业在获得银行的贷款后投资于高风险的项目体现了（）A. 逆向选择（adverse selection）共 5 页，第1 页B. 道德风险（moral hazard）C. 风险规避D. 风险留存2、2014年，某公司实现11.5%的资产报酬率（ROA）。

现已知2014年该公司的负债比率为30%，债务的利率为5%，适用的公司所得税税率为30%。

请问该公司当年的权益报酬率（ROE）为（）A. 10%B. 13%C. 15%D. 以上均不正确3、假设你投资了一个具有永续现金流的资产。

电子科技大学2015年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题电子科技大学2016年硕士研究生入学考试初试自命题科目及代码汇总•111单独考试政治理论•241法语(二外)•242德语(二外)•243日语(二外)•244英语(二外仅日语方向) •288单独考试英语•601数学分析•602高等数学•613分子生物学•615日语水平测试•616公共管理综合•621英语水平测试•622心理学综合•623新闻传播理论•625宪法学•688单独考试高等数学•689西方行政史•690中国近现代史•691政治学原理•692数学物理基础•694生物学综合•694生物学综合•695口腔综合•804行政法与行政诉讼法学•805新闻传播实务•806行政管理综合•808金融学基础•809管理学原理•811大学物理•812地理信息系统基础•813电磁场与电磁波•814电力电子技术•815电路分析基础•818固体物理•820计算机专业基础•821经济学基础•824理论力学•825密码学基础与网络安全•830数字图像处理•831通信与信号系统•832微电子器件•834物理化学•835线性代数•836信号与系统和数字电路•839自动控制原理•840物理光学•845英美文学基础知识及运用•846英语语言学基础知识及运用•847日语专业基础知识及应用•852近代物理基础•853细胞生物学•854国际政治学•855辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义•856测控通信原理•857概率论与数理统计•858信号与系统•859测控通信基础•860软件工程学科基础综合电子科技大学2014年攻读硕士学位研究生入学试题考试科目：824 理论力学注：所有答案必须写在答题纸上，做在试卷或草稿纸上均无效。

一、 填空题( 每空3分，共81分)1. 沿边长为m a 2=的正方形各边分别作用有1F ，2F ，3F ，4F ，且1F =2F =3F =4F =4kN ，该力系向B 点简化的结果为： 主矢大小为R F ¢=_____ ，主矩大小为B M =______向D 点简化的结果是什么？ _ ___DCABF 1F 2F 3F 4题1.1图2. 在点的合成运动问题中，当牵连运动为定轴转动时A 、一定会有科氏加速度；B 、不一定会有科氏加速度；C 、一定没有科氏加速度。

电子科技大学2015年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题电子科技大学2016年硕士研究生入学考试初试自命题科目及代码汇总•111单独考试政治理论•241法语(二外)•242德语(二外)•243日语(二外)•244英语(二外仅日语方向) •288单独考试英语•601数学分析•602高等数学•613分子生物学•615日语水平测试•616公共管理综合•621英语水平测试•622心理学综合•623新闻传播理论•625宪法学•688单独考试高等数学•689西方行政史•690中国近现代史•691政治学原理•692数学物理基础•694生物学综合•694生物学综合•695口腔综合•804行政法与行政诉讼法学•805新闻传播实务•806行政管理综合•808金融学基础•809管理学原理•811大学物理•812地理信息系统基础•813电磁场与电磁波•814电力电子技术•815电路分析基础•818固体物理•820计算机专业基础•821经济学基础•824理论力学•825密码学基础与网络安全•830数字图像处理•831通信与信号系统•832微电子器件•834物理化学•835线性代数•836信号与系统和数字电路•839自动控制原理•840物理光学•845英美文学基础知识及运用•846英语语言学基础知识及运用•847日语专业基础知识及应用•852近代物理基础•853细胞生物学•854国际政治学•855辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义•856测控通信原理•857概率论与数理统计•858信号与系统•859测控通信基础•860软件工程学科基础综合电子科技大学2015年硕士学位研究生入学考试试题考试科目：809管理学原理注：所有答案必须写在答题纸上，写在试卷或草稿纸上均无效。

一、名词解释（每小题3分，共15分）1.法约尔桥2.权力差距3.职能职权4.保健因素5.德尔菲法二、判断题（每小题1分，共15分。

在正确说法后面写T，在不正确说法后面写F）1.管理主要的目的是使资源成本最小化，因此，追求效率是管理的目标之一。

电子科技大学2016年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题考试科目：821经济学基础注：所有答案必须写在答题纸上，写在试卷或草稿纸上均无效。

一、选择题（每小题只有一个正确选项，写出正确答案代码。

每小题2分，共30分）(1) 下列几个关于经济学概念的说法，不正确的是（ ）。

A. 资源的稀缺性与资源的绝对数量无关，而是相对于人的欲望而言的。

B. 经济学是一门研究社会如何管理稀缺资源的学科。

C. 经济学研究人的行为以及行为之间互动。

D. 经济学研究的目标是促进帕累托效率改进，很少关心其他社会价值。

(2) 下列关于偏好的说法，不正确的是（ ）。

A. 偏好是一种二元比较关系。

B. 理性偏好满足完备性和传递性。

C. 偏好总可以用效用函数表示。

D. 偏好的基数效用（函数）表示不唯一，但序数效用（函数）表示唯一。

(3) 下列关于需求函数的说法，正确的是( )。

A. 价格上升将导致需求增加。

B. 需求曲线向斜下方倾斜的原因是替代效应强于收入效应。

C. 其他商品的价格变动，不会导致消费者对给定商品的需求行为的变化。

D. 需求价格弹性由需求曲线的斜率决定。

(4) 对于消费两种商品的消费者，如果其效用函数为y x y x u +=),(，其中x 和y 分别为商品X 和商品Y 的消费量，则当消费组合),(A A y x A =和),(B B y x B =无差异时，则消费组合B A 7.03.0+对应的效用水平 ( ) 消费组合A （或者B ）对应的效用水平。

A. 小于B. 等于C. 大于D. 无法确定(5) 假设某消费者的效用函数为},min{),(y x y x u =，其中x 和y 分别为商品X 和商品Y 的消费量， 则该消费者效用最大化行为将导致( )A. 商品X 和商品Y 的消费量必相等。

B. 商品X 的消费量必为0。

C. 商品Y 的消费量必为0。

D. 由于缺乏商品X 和商品Y 的价格信息，无法判断A 、B 和C 选项的正确性。

电子科技大学2015年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题电子科技大学2016年硕士研究生初试自命题科目及代码汇总·111单独考试政治理论·812地理信息系统基础·241法语(二外)·813电磁场与电磁波·242德语(二外)·814电力电子技术·243日语(二外)·815电路分析基础·244英语(二外仅日语方向) ·818固体物理·288单独考试英语·820计算机专业基础·601数学分析·821经济学基础·602高等数学·824理论力学·613分子生物学·825密码学基础与网络安全·615日语水平测试·830数字图像处理·616公共管理综合·831通信与信号系统·621英语水平测试·832微电子器件·622心理学综合·834物理化学·623新闻传播理论·835线性代数·625宪法学·836信号与系统和数字电路·688单独考试高等数学·839自动控制原理·689西方行政史·840物理光学·690中国近现代史·845英美文学基础知识及运用·691政治学原理·846英语语言学基础知识及运用·692数学物理基础·847日语专业基础知识及应用·694生物学综合·852近代物理基础·694生物学综合·853细胞生物学·695口腔综合·854国际政治学·804行政法与行政诉讼法学·855辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义·805新闻传播实务·856测控通信原理·806行政管理综合·857概率论与数理统计·808金融学基础·858信号与系统·809管理学原理·859测控通信基础·811大学物理·860软件工程学科基础综合电子科技大学2015年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题考试科目： 243 日语注：无机读卡，所有答案必须写在答题纸上，写在试卷或草稿纸上均无效。