限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
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限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的六点区别区别一:形式不同限定性定语从句主句和从句之间不用逗号隔开;口语中使用时也不停顿;而非限定性定语从句与主句之间通常有逗号隔开;口语中使用时有停顿..区别二:功能不同限定性定语从句用于对先行词的意义进行修饰、限制和识别;如果去掉;就会造成句意不完整或概念不清;而非限定性定语从句用于对先行词起补充说明作用;如果省略;句意仍然清楚、完整..如:People who take physical exercise live longer. 进行体育锻炼的人活得长些..若把从句去掉句子就失去意义His daughter; who is in Boston now; is coming home next week. 他女儿现在在波士顿;下星期回来..若把从句去句子意义仍然完整区别三:翻译不同在翻译定语从句时;一般把限定性定语从句翻译在它所修饰的先行词之前;而把非限定性定语从句与主句分开..如:He is the man whose car was stolen. 他就是汽车被窃的那个人..I’ve invited Jim; who l ives in the next flat. 我邀请了吉姆;他就住在隔壁..区别四:含义不同比较下面的两个句子:I have a sister who is a doctor. 我有一个医生的姐姐..姐姐不止一个I have a sister; who is a doctor. 我有一个姐姐;她是当医生的..只有一个姐姐区别五:先行词不同限定性定语从句的先行词只能是名词或代词;而非限定性定语从句的先行词则可以是名词或代词;也可以是短语或句子;另外;当先行词为专有名词或其他具有独一无二性的普通名词时;通常要用非限制性定语从句;而不用限制性定语从句..如:Peter drove too fast; which was dangerous. 彼得开车很快;这是很危险的..which指drive too fastHe changed his mind; which made me very angry. 他改变了主意;这使我很生气..which指整个主句Mr. Smith; who is our boss; will leave for Japan next week. 我们的老板史密斯先生下周要去日本..先行词为专有名词;要用非限制性定语从句修饰Her father; who has a lot of money; wishes her to study abroad. 她父亲很有钱;希望她出国学习..先行词为表独一无二意义的普通名词;要用非限制性定语从句修饰区别六:关系词不同关系词that和why可用于限制性定语从句中;通常不用于非限制性定语从句;另外;在限制性定语从句中;关系词有时可以省略参见本章有关内容;而在非限制性定语从句中关系词一律不省略..。
限制性定语从句以及非限制性定语从句的区分、用法限制性定语从句以及非限制性定语从句的区分、用法根据定语从句与先行词的关系,定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。
限制性定语从句紧跟先行词,主句与从句不用逗号分开,从句不可省去;非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开,起补充说明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。
以下是店铺整理的限制性定语从句以及非限制性定语从句的区分、用法,一起来看看吧。
一、限制性定语从句1.关系代词that既可代表事物也可代表人,which只代表事物,它们在从句中作主语或宾语。
在从句中作宾语时常可省略。
I was the only person in our office that was invited to the palace ball.The present that(which)I received last week was from my sister.This is a book which is about space rocket technology.2.关系代词who和whom引导的从句用来修饰人,分别作从句中的主语和宾语,whom作宾语时,要注意它可以作动词的宾语也可以作介词的宾语。
如:This is the man who helped me.The doctor whom you are looking for is in the room.3. whose是关系代词,修饰名词,作定语,相当于who和whom 的所有格,既可以修饰人又可以修饰物。
如:Do you know the student whose name is Wang Fei?We lived in a room whose window opens to the west.4. where是关系副词,用来引导表示地点的定语从句,where在从句中作状语。
如:At last we arrived at a small village where we’ll work for a week.5. when是关系副词,引导定语从句表示时间,在从句中作状语。
英语中限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句定语从句可分为限制性和非限制性两种:1.限制性定语从句(Restrictive attributive clauses):限制性定语从句,使所修饰的词表示一个特定的人或东西,如果去掉它,那个词就失去意义,句子就不能成立或不完整:Any one who leaves litter in these woods will be prosecuted.谁要是在林中乱扔垃圾将受到指控。
这句话如把who引起的定语从句去掉,句子就不能成立。
上节例子中的定语从句大部分都是限制性定语从句。
只有在这种定语从句中,关系代词才有可能省略。
2.非限制性定语从句(Non—Restrictive Attributive Clauses):有些定语从句只对某个词作进一步的说明,例如:She was married to Tony, who was also a student.这里who引起的就是一个非限定性定语从句,拿掉之后句子还能成立。
在一般情况下,非限制性定语从句都由一个逗号把它和句予的其它部分分开,在译成汉语时多译成一个并列句。
下面例句中部包含有非限制性定语从句:The note was left by Jim,who was here a moment ago.这个条子是吉姆留的,他刚才来过。
She introduced me to her husband,whom I hadn’t met before.她把我介绍给她丈夫,这人我以前没见过。
This is George,whose class you will be taking.这是乔治,你将接他的班。
I have many friends,some of whom were painters.我有许多朋友,其中有些是画家。
She was very fond of speaking French,which indeed she spoke well.她很喜欢讲法语,而且讲得确实很好。
限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别限制性定语从句限制所修饰名词或代词的意义,一般说来如把从句去掉句子意思就不清楚,甚至失去意义。
而非限制性定语从句主句(句子的其他部分)关系不太紧密,对所修饰名词或代词的意思没有太大影响,把它们拿掉,句子依然很完整,它们可以说是附加上去的东西,而且通常都有逗号把它们和句子的其他部分分开。
具体说来,限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句有以下几个方面的区别:1. 形式不同限定性定语从句主句和从句之间不用逗号隔开,口语中使用时也不停顿;而非限定性定语从句与主句之间通常2. 作用不同限定性定语从句用于对先行词的意义进行修饰、限制和识别,如果去掉,就会造成句意不完整或概念不清;而非限定性定语从句用于对先行词起补充说明作用,如果省略,句意仍然清楚、完整:People who take physical exercise live longer.进行体育锻炼的人活得长些。
(若把从句去掉句子就失去意义)His daughter, who is in Boston now, is coming home next week. 他女儿现在波士顿,下星期回来。
(若把从句去句子意义仍然完整)3. 翻译不同在翻译定语从句时,一般把限定性定语从句翻译在它所修饰的先行词之前,而把非限定性定语从句与主句分开:He is the man whose car was stolen. 他就是汽车被窃的那个人。
I’ve invited Jim, who lives in the next flat. 我请了吉姆,他就住在隔壁。
我请了吉姆,他就住在隔壁。
4. 含义不同比较:I have a sister who is a doctor. 我有一个当医生的姐姐。
(姐姐不止一个)I have a sister ,who is a doctor. 我有一个姐姐,她是当医生的。
(只有一个姐姐)5. 先行词不同限定性定语从句的先行词只能是名词或代词,而非限定性定语从句的先行词则可以是名词或代词,也可以是短语或句子;另外,当先行词为专有名词或其他具有独一无二性的nt: 2.0">Peter drove too fast, which was dangerous. 彼得开车很快,这是很危险的。
高中语法---限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句讲解一.限制性定语从句1.定义:①先行词不可缺少的定语,去掉后主句的意思不完整或失去意义;②写时不用逗号隔开;③做宾语的关系代词可以省略。
2.例子:What is the name of the tall man who just came in?This was the time when the two countries were at war.Beijing is a city (that)I’ve always wanted to visit.He has found the book (that) he was looking for.She married a man(that/whom/who)she met on a bus.二.非限制性定语从句1.定义:①对先行词作附加说明,去掉后主句意思仍然清楚;②写时主句与从句用逗号隔开;③不用that引导,关系词不可省略。
2.例子:Beijing, which is the capital of China, has a very long history.Yesterday I met Li ping, who seemed to be very busy.三.注意1.限制性定语从句中,在表示时间、地点的词后,关系副词可以省略.That was the year (when) I first went abroad.We need a place (where)we can stay for a few days.2.先行词为reason,关系词可用why/for which/that.The reason why/for which/that I bought the roses is that Mary likes them.3.先行词为way,关系词可用that/in which/不用关系词This is the way that/in which/不填I did it.四.As引导的定语从句1.as引导限制性定语从句①结构:the same...as...和...一样的/such...as...像...之类的②作用:It’s the same person (主句)as we wanted to find yesterday.(定语从句)这和我们昨天要找的是同一个人。
限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句区别知识点总结定语从句是英语语法中重要的一部分,通过引导一个修饰性从句来进一步描述或限定一个名词。
在定语从句中,常见的有限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两种形式。
本文将总结并对比这两者的区别。
一、定义限制性定语从句(Restrictive Relative Clauses),也称为限定性定语从句,是对被修饰名词进行限定、界定的从句。
它给出一个特定范围,从中选出被修饰的名词,删除该从句将导致句意不完整或不明确。
非限制性定语从句(Non-restrictive Relative Clauses),也称为非限定性定语从句,是对被修饰名词提供额外的附加信息,但不对名词进行限定。
即使删除该从句,句意仍然连贯完整。
二、标点使用1. 限制性定语从句通常不使用逗号进行标点分隔。
如:The bookthat I borrowed last week is very interesting.(我上周借的那本书非常有趣。
)2. 非限制性定语从句使用逗号或者破折号进行标点分隔。
如:My sister, who lives in London, is a doctor.(我妹妹住在伦敦,是一名医生。
)三、修饰范围1. 限制性定语从句修饰的范围是限定、特定的。
它给出特定条件,仅对名词进行限定。
如:The book that I borrowed last week is very interesting.(我上周借的那本书非常有趣。
)2. 非限制性定语从句提供额外的信息,对整个句子进行补充说明。
如:My sister, who lives in London, is a doctor.(我妹妹住在伦敦,是一名医生。
)四、形式1. 限制性定语从句不需要逗号,从句中的关系代词(that, who, whom, whose, which等)在从句中充当主语或宾语。
如:The book that I borrowed last week is very interesting.(我上周借的那本书非常有趣。
限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句有四大区别,现作简要介绍。
一、在句中作用不同
限制性定语从句对被修饰的先行词有限定制约作用,使该词的含义更具体,更明确。
限制性定语从句不能被省略,否则句意就不完整。
非限制性定语从句与先行词关系不十分密切,只是对其作一些附加说明,不起限定制约作用。
如果将非限制性定语从句省去,主句的意义仍然完整。
二、外在表现形式不同
限制性定语从句因与先行词关系密切,所以不可以用逗号将其与主句隔开;而非限制性定语从句与先行词关系不十分密切,所以可用逗号将其与主句隔开。
1. Do you remember the girl who taught us English?
2. Clock is a kind of instrument which can tell people time.
3. This is the place where he used to live.
4. Mr. Zhang,who came to see me yesterday,is an old friend of mine.
5. We walked down the village street,where they were having market day.
析:在前三个例句中,定语从句与先行词关系密切,为限制性定语从句,不可用逗号将其与主句隔开。
在后两个例句中,定语从句与先行词关系不密切,为非限制性定语从句,可用逗号将其与主句隔开。
三、先行词内容有所不同
大多数限制性和非限制性定语从句的先行词往往为某一个词或短语,而特殊情况下非限制性定语从句的先行词也可为整个主句,此时非限制性定语从句常由which 引导。
例1. A middle-aged woman killed her husband,which frightened me very much.
析:由语境可知,令“我”恐惧的内容应为“中年女子杀害了自己的丈夫”这整个一件事,因此先行词为整个主句,此时应由which 引导定语从句。
例2. A five-year-old boy can speak two foreign languages,which surprises all the people present.
析:由语境可知,令所有在场的人感到惊讶的内容是“一个五岁男孩会讲两门外语”这整个一件事,因此先行词为整个主句,此时应由which 引导非限制性定语从句。
四、关系词的使用情况有所不同
(一)that 不可用于引导非限制性定语从句
所有关系代词和关系副词均可引导限制性定语从句,大多数关系代词和关系副词可引导非限制性定语从句,但that 不可。
例1. 他送给他母亲一台彩电作为生日礼物,这使她非常高兴。
误:He gave his mother a color TV set for her birthday,that pleased her a lot.
正:He gave his mother a color TV set for her birthday,which pleased her a lot.
例2. 他没通过这次考试,令我很失望。
误:He didn't pass the exam,that disappointed me.
正:He didn't pass the exam,which disappointed me.
值得注意的是,不少同学误认为只有which 才能引导非限制性定语从句,
这个观点是不正确的。
使用非限制性定语从句时,如果先行词指人,则用who ,which或whose引导非限制性定语从句;先行词指物可用which引导非限制性定语从句;先行词表时间或地点且在从句中作时间状语或地点状语时,可用when,where引导非限制性定语从句。
例1. We'll graduate in July,when we will be free.
我们将于七月份毕业,到那时我们就自由了。
例2. Last Sunday they reached Nanjing,where a conference was to be held.
他们上周日到达南京,有个会议要在那里举行。
(二)关系代词替代情况不同
关系代词whom在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可用who代替whom,但whom在非限制性定语从句中作宾语时不可用who来代替。
例1. This is the girl whom I met in the street.
这是我在街上遇到的那个女孩。
析:先行词the girl在限制性定语从句中作宾语,可用who代替whom .
例2. A young man had a new girl friend,whom he wanted to impress.
一个年轻的小伙子新交了一个女朋友,他想给她留下深刻的印象。
析:先行词a new girl friend在非限制性定语从句中作宾语,不可用who代替whom .
在限制性定语从句中,先行词指人时可用that 代替who/ whom ,但在非限制性定语从句中先行词指人时,不可用that 代替who/whom .
例:她有一个姐姐,她是教师。
误:She has a sister,that is a teacher.
正:She has a sister,who is teacher.
(三)关系代词省略情况不同
关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可以省去,非限制性定语从句的所有关系词均不可省。
例1. This is the book (which/that)he lost yesterday.
这就是他昨天丢的那本书。
析:先行词the book 在限制性定语从句中作宾语,关系代词which 或that 可以省略。
例2. The book,which he lost yesterday,has been found.
他昨天丢了这本书,但现在已找到了。
析:先行词the book 在非限制性定语从句中作宾语,关系代词which 不可省。
1. She heard a terrible noise,_________ brought her heart into her mouth.
A. it
B. which
C. this
D. that
2. Have you ever been to Xi'an,_________ I left ten years ago.
A. which
B. whose
C. that
D. /
3. The weather turned out to be very good,________ was more than we could expect.
A. what
B. which
C. that
D. it
4. His English,________ used to be very poor is now excellent.
A. which
B. that
C. it D . whom
5. Some of the roads were flooded,_______ makes our journey more difficult.
A. that
B. it
C. which
D. who
6. I'll find a nice girl,_________ I want to marry.
A. who
B. whom
C. that
D. which
7. I'll come at ten,________ I'll be free.
A. which
B. that
C. when
D. what
8. She has two brothers,_________ are teachers.
A. who
B. that
C. whom
D. /
9. Which answer is NOT right?
This is the factory ________ I visited yesterday.
A. that
B. which
C. /
D. where
10. I still remember the days _________ I spent in Beijing.
A. when
B. what
C. that
D. during。