2008年12月大学英语四级模拟试题及答案解析(一)

2008年12月大学英语四级模拟试题及答案解析之2008年12月大学英语四级模拟试题及答案解析2008年12月大学英语四级模拟试题及答案解析(一)一、选词填空题第1题：Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.注意：答题是如：ABCD.....依次按题选择做答.We feel that there are many disadvantages in arranging pupils into different classes. It is rather unreal to grade people just according to their intellectual ability. This is only one aspect of their total 1 . We are concerned to develop theA)acad emic B) appropriate C) attain D) communicateE) hardshipF) individual G) inferior H) least I) opportunity J) personalK) personality L) relax M) reliable N) solve O) various【参考答案】：KAOIJDFBHC二、阅读理解第2题：What is science fiction? To begin with, the following definition should be helpful: science fiction is a literary sub-class which requires a change (for human beings) from conditions as we know them and follow the implications of these changes to a conclusion. Although this definition will necessarily be modified, and expanded, and probably changed, in the course of this exploration, it conveys much of the basic groundwork and provides a point of departure.The first point—that science fiction is a literary sub-class—is a very important one, but one which is often overlooked or ignored in most discussions of science fiction. Specially, science fiction is a sub-class of prose fiction, for nearlyevery piece of science fiction is either a short story or a novel. There are only a few dramas which could be called science fiction, with Karel Capek’s RUR (Rossum’s Universal Robots) being the only one that is well known; the body of poetry that might be labeled science fiction is only slightly larger. To say that science fiction is a sub-class of prose fiction is to say that it has all the basic characteristics and serves the same basic function in much the same way as prose fiction in general—that is, it shares a great deal with all other novels and short stories.Everything that can be said about prose fiction, in general, applies to science fiction. Every piece of science fiction, whether short or novel, must have a narrator, a story, a plot, a setting, characters, language, and theme. And like any prose, the themes of science fiction are concerned with interpreting man’s nature and experience in relation to the world around him. Themes in science fiction are constructed and presented in exactly the same ways that themesare dealt with in any other kind of fiction. They are the result of a particular combination of narrator, story, plot, character, setting, and language. In short, the reasons for reading and enjoying science fiction, and the ways of studying and analyzing it are basically the same they would be for any other story or novel.1. Science fiction is called a literary sub-class because it .A) has limits of its ownB) cannot be made into a dramatic presentationC) is not important enough to be a literary formD) shares characteristics with other types of prose fiction2 Which of the following does NOT usually contribute to the theme in a piece of science fiction?A) Narrator. B) Setting. C) Rhyme. D) Plot.3. An appropriate title for the passage would be .A) On the Dramatic Features of Science FictionB) Toward a Definition of Science FictionC) Science Fiction vs Prose FictionD) The Themes of Prose Fiction4. The author’s definition suggests that all science fiction deals with .A) the unfamiliar or unusual conditionsB) the same topics addressed by novels and short storiesC) Karel Cape’s well-known hypothesisD) the conflict between science and fiction5. According to the passage, which of the following conclusions is true?A) Science fiction attracts us in much the same way a story or novel does.B) It is not possible to define science fiction in a clear way.C) Many people tried in vain to explain what science fiction is.D) Very often science fiction appears in such literary forms as drama and poetry.1小题>、【正确答案】：C2小题>、【正确答案】：C3小题>、【正确答案】：B4小题>、【正确答案】：B5小题>、【正确答案】：A【参考解析】：无第3题：The American economic system is organized around a basically private enterprise, market-oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most. Private businessmen, striving to make profits, produce these goods and services in competition with other businessmen; and the profit motive, operating under competitive pressures, largely determines how these goods and services are produced. Thus, in the American economicsystem, it is the demand of individual consumers, coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes, that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it.An important factor of a market-oriented economy is the mechanism by which consumer demands can be expressed and responded to by producers. In the American economy, this mechanism is provided by a price system, a process in which prices rise and fall-producers, which in turn will lower the price and permit more consumers to buy the product. Thus, price is the regulating mechanism in the American economic system.The important factor in a private enterprise economy is that individuals are allowed to own productive resources (private property), and they are permitted to hire labor, gain control over natural resources, and produce goods and services for sale at a profit. In the Americaneconomy, the concept of private property embraces not only the ownership of productive resources but also certain rights, including the right to determine the price of a product or to make a free contract with another private individual.1. What can we learn from the first paragraph?A) Americans are never satisfied with their incomes.B) Americans tend to overstate their incomes.C) Americans want to have their incomes increased.D) Americans want to increase the purchasing power of their incomes.2. What is the main idea of the second paragraph?A) Mechanized production can satisfy the consumers.B) Consumers can express their demands through producers.C) Producers decide the prices of products.D) Supply and demand regulate prices.3. According to the passage, a private enterprise economy is characterized by .A) private property and rights concerned C)ownership of productive resourcesB) manpower and natural resources controlD)free contracts and prices4. The passage is mainly about .A) how American goods are producedB)how American consumers buy their goodsC) how American economic system worksD)how American businessmen make their profits5. The word “embraces” (Line 4, Para.3) may convey the meaning of .A) hugs B) includes C) excludes D) demands1小题>、【正确答案】：D2小题>、【正确答案】：D3小题>、【正确答案】：A4小题>、【正确答案】：C5小题>、【正确答案】：B【参考解析】：无三、完型填空第4题：In future trade the key development to watch is the relationship between the industrialized and the developing nations. The1 World countries export their mineral2 and tropical agricultural products, which bring them3 foreign exchange. Tourism has also been greatly responsible4 the rapid development of some 5 nations. Many Third world nations with high6 and low wages have seen an emigration (移居) of workers7 the developed nations. Western Europe has 8 millions of such workers from Mediterranean countries. The developing nations profit 9 these workers bring their savings and their acquired technical skills10 home. Manydeveloping nations benefit when western nations11 manufacturing in their countries to take12 of cheap labor13 economies mature, economic growth rates tend to level off (稳定). The rate of14 growth is leveling off today in Western nations. This leveling off15leads to static non-growth markets. A point of saturation (饱和)16 in-technology and innovation have seemed to achieve the impossible,17 then how much further can it go? Herman Kahn,18 his book The Next 200 Years, says that a shift in priorities will have to occur for industrialized nations.19 is the creation of money and jobs essential;20 is rather the improvement of the quality of life that must be our concern.1. A) First B) Second C) West D) Third2. A) ranges B) scopes C) deposits D) products3. A) desired B) possible C) available D) abandon4. A) to B) for C) towards D) over5. A) developed B) powerful C)industrialized D) developing6. A) employment B) unemployment C) development D) improvement7. A) to B) by C) at D) in8. A) exploited B) imported C) received D) specified9. A) because B) before C) since D) when10. A) down B) all C) back D) outside11. A) establish B) decide C) predict D) mention12. A) disadvantage B) challenge C) advantage D) privilege13. A) Since B) As C) Though D) Whereas14. A) economy B) mankind C) society D) population15. A) relatively B) eventually C) sometimesD) hardly16. A) arrives B) reports C) sets D) but17. A) or B) but C) for D) so18. A) by B) from C) after D) in19. A) No longer B) No doubt C) Of courseD) So far20. A) it B) that C) there D) which1小题>、【正确答案】：D2小题>、【正确答案】：C3小题>、【正确答案】：A4小题>、【正确答案】：B5小题>、【正确答案】：D6小题>、【正确答案】：B7小题>、【正确答案】：A8小题>、【正确答案】：C9小题>、【正确答案】：D10小题>、【正确答案】：C11小题>、【正确答案】：A12小题>、【正确答案】：C13小题>、【正确答案】：B14小题>、【正确答案】：D15小题>、【正确答案】：B16小题>、【正确答案】：C17小题>、【正确答案】：B18小题>、【正确答案】：D19小题>、【正确答案】：A20小题>、【正确答案】：A【参考解析】：无四、阅读理解第5题：Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1.For questions 1~7, markY (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage.For questions 8~10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.How to be a traveling beauty this May holidayMay Day holiday is a time for traveling. Go to the seaside, enjoy beautiful sunshine and softbreezes and let your mind and body both relax; hide away in a small town, amble on winding pebble tracks and melt into the romantic ambiance; or take up your backpack, go mountaineering, stretch your body and smell the fresh air…They all sound wonderful.But changing environments can pose threats to delicate skin. How can you protect yourself and stay beautiful through seven days of traveling? Here are some helpful suggestions.If you’re going to the seaside:Typical resort: SanyaTypical weather: 24-31℃with strong ultraviolet sunrays and fresh air.Warm sunshine, fresh sea breezes, and moist air make the seaside an agreeable haven from Beijing’s dust. But excessive sun exposure can easily darken your skin, and of course most Chinese girls prefer fair skin. To prepare for a pleasing and beautiful sojourn (逗留) at the seaside take note of following:1. Night time skin careEven if you’ve managed to block the sun in the daytime, give your skin a soothing rehabilitative (使复原的) treatment in the evening. Cool your glowing skin with a product like La Mer’s newly released The Concentrate (50ml/RMB 3,700).2. Shine in your bikini.Tips1. Whitening is as important as wearing sunscreen. For dry skins, moisturizing products are a must. Laneige Water Sleeping Pack (RMB 150) is a good choice.2. For sensitive skins, Nuskin Aloe Vera Gel complements sun block creams. Washing your face with lemonade stops skin from darkening and is refreshing.3. Never use body sun block creams on your face. Use special facial sun block creams. For drier skins, Chanel UV Essential SPF45 (RMB 450) is nice, but Shu Uemura UV under Base DF (RMB 350) is much fresher.If you’re going to a small town:Typical resorts: Lijiang, Yunnan; Zhouzhuang, Jiangsu; Phoenix, ZhejiangTypical weather: 11-25℃with a lot of ultraviolet radiationAs depicted in Teresa Teng’s popular song Xiaocheng Gushi (Small Town Romances), small-secluded charming Chinese towns are the scene of many romances. Pebble tracks, winding lanes and ancient low villas make romantic backdrop for lovers wandering hand-in-hand. To prepare for a romantic and sweet stay in a small town, take note of the following:1. Go easy on the make up! To match your light-hearted mood we recommend the minimum of make-up. Basic skin care to keep your face healthy and glowing is enough.2. Wear flirtatious (俏皮的) colors for special nights.Liquid foundation in heavy glass bottles and powdered blush or eye shadow is not easy to carry. So we recommend sun-blocking pressed powder, two-in-one brow pencil and eye liners,and products that can be used on both lips and cheeks.3. Make-up removal.Remember to remove sun block creams at night. Try a moisturizing and relaxing mask, and we promise you a renewed glowing complexion the next day.Recommended skin care products1. SPF15/PA+sun block face cream. Its small size makes Freeplus UV Day Protector (RMB 190, sun block and moisturizer) a good choice.2. A multi-functional cosmetic case. Bobbi Brow’ns h and-sized palettes (RMB 380), including a foundation stick, creamy concealer, corrector, and sheer finish pressed powder are convenient.3. Clear foundation. Maybelline Mousse White Stay (RMB 89) the mousse-like texture makes this foundation light, breathable, and easy to carry.4. Make up remover. Lancome’s mildGentle Clarifying and Cleaning Fluid (small set) is perfect for traveling and it does a good job of removing all make-up thoroughly.Tips1. Apart from your daily skin care routine, traveling girls may also need protective lip cream, mascara (Maybelline is a good cheap choice), and fragrance (Try Anna Sui’s fresh Secret Wish Eau de Toilette).2. For lazy girls, base creams are especially useful. Wearing just a base foundation cream is enough and saves the trouble of constantly reapplying foundation at romantic moments. Others may try creamy concealers and pressed powers. Adding blush (Watsons small tubes of blush are cheap/RMB20-30 and works well) will give a healthy glow.If you’re going mountaineering:Typical resorts: Huashan, Shanxi; Huangshan, Anhui; Shennongjia, Sichuan Typical weather: 10-20℃, a high level of ultraviolet radiation and dry air.Boys often complain that mountaineering girls with their disheveled (凌乱的) hair and no make up don’t look attractive. In response to this, we recommend you use absolutely no make up except for basic skin care. But looking beautiful without the aid of make up isn’t easy! With all your mountaineering equipment in your backpack, there isn’t m uch room for skin care products. The key is to choose the most important ones only, such as the following:1. Moisturizing products.Moisturizing and hydrating creams and masks help you become both sporty and ladylike.2. Sun block products.Even though the sunshine is usually not too strong in the mountains, you should take care not to be burned by ultraviolet radiation. Fresh breathable SPF20-30 sun block products are recommended.At the seashore, your body is more in the spotlight than your face. To become a bikini beauty, you need to take care of every inch of your skin. Exfoliate with a fine-grained scrub, which will not only let your exposed skin shine, but also acts as a deep cleanser to help prevent skin from darkening and roughening after too much sun and salt water.3. Control excess oil.Never try to control oil with foundation that will clog pores (阻塞毛孔) when combined with sun block cream. Gentle oil-control products do a better job.4. Hair care.Beautiful girls never use free hotel shampoos, they carry their own moisturizing restoring hair care products. Wash your face and hair with fresh water after swimming to get rid of salty residue (残余，滤渣), and remember to protect your hair from too much sun exposure.Recommended skin care products1. SPF30/PA++sunscreen products. HR Premium SPF40/PA++(RMB 620) protects your skin from ultraviolet rays.2. Soothing, moisturizing, and after-sun rehabilitating products. Olay Intensive Nourishing Emulsion (RMB 120) has natural hot spring microelements to give rapid relief to burned skin.3. Gentle exfoliating scrubs.4. Easy to carry oil-control products.5. Moisturizing shampoo and hair protection products.3. Facial cleaning pads.Easy to carry cleaning pads help you stay fresh and clean at all times.4. Soothing creams.Compound soothing creams can be applied onto the skin directly to reduce inflammation and help you relax.5. Lip conditioner and hand cream to prevent dryness caused by wind.Tips1. Make sure you have enough moisturizing skin care products, including a cleanser, cream, lotion and mask, even at the expense of make up products.2. Secret recipe mask: While your boyfriend is away finding wood for the fire, apply a mashed banana to your face and leave for over ten minutes. Although tiny allergic symptoms (red swollen patches) may appear right after you rinse (冲洗掉, 漂净) off the mask, your face will be dazzling after a sound sleep.1. Tips of how to stay beautiful through traveling are provided in the passage.2. Exfoliate with a fine-grained scrub can help prevent skin from darkening.3. Beautiful girls never use free hotel toothbrush.4. Travelers had better not use special facial sun block creams on body.5. Typical resorts to a small town are Lijiang, Yunnan; Zhouzhuang and Sichuan.6. If you’re going to Shanxi, you are recommended to use basic skin care.7. Five tips are offered before you’re going mountaineering.8. Typical temperature for going mountaineering is .9. The name of the popular song mentioned in the passage is .10. To prevent dryness caused by wind in mountains, you should take .1小题>【参考答案】：Y2小题>【参考答案】：Y3小题>【参考答案】：NG4小题>【参考答案】：NG5小题>【参考答案】：N6小题>【参考答案】：Y7小题>【参考答案】：N8小题>【参考答案】：10-20℃9小题>【参考答案】：Xiaocheng Gushi10小题>【参考答案】：lip conditioner and hand cream五、翻译第6题：I got to the airport, (结果却发现) I had left my ticket at home.【参考答案】：I got to the airport, only to find I had left my ticket at home.第7题：The kids lay face down on the beach, their backs (暴晒在阳光下).【参考答案】：The kids lay face down on the beach, their backs exposed to the sun.第8题：He is old enough to (应该知道不要去游泳) right after lunch.【参考答案】：He is old enough to know better than to go swimming right after lunch第9题：The new computer is sold (以比预期低得多的价格).【参考答案】：The new computer is sold at a much lower price than predicted第10题：.A Dream of the Red Chamber is said (已翻译成) dozens of languages in the last decade.【参考答案】：A Dream of the Red Chamber is said to have been translated into dozens of languages in the last decade.六、写作题第11题：Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Computer Games on Campus. You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below in Chinese:1. 计算机游戏对大学生有一定益处;2. 但是现在有太多的人沉迷其中;3. 你的看法。

Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 19. A) It can resist earthquakes. B) It is easy to move away. C) It can keep away cold. D) It can keep sunshine out. 20. A) Because they are the warmest. B) Because they can withstand hard ware. C) Because they don’t get stuck in the snow. D) Because the temperature is only 14℃ below zero. 21. A) They are thrown away after being used. B)They will be built in future. C) They can be used for about 5 years. D) They can be built in a few years. 22. A) By attending her professor’s lectures. B) By surfing on the C) By consulting documents in paper departments. D) By preparing for her presentation. Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 23. A) She has lost some of her important stuff. B) There is something wrong with her eyes. C) She doesn’t know how to use steel to build construction. D) She doesn’t know where to get the information she need. 24. A) It takes time to collect the useful information. B) One can only read books in the library. C) All books are difficult to understand. D) One has to line up to borrow books. 25. A)To find the information in the library. B)To borrow the books from her teacher. C) To give her shoes to Steve. D) To consult her tutor what to do. Section B Directions: In this part, you will hear several short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A)， B)， C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. Passage One Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard. 26. A) On a Tuesday. B) On a Wednesday. C) On a Thursday. D) On a Friday. 27. A) A final copy of the research project. B) Copies of the midterm. C) A textbook and pencils. D) A few pens. 28. A)20. B) 30. C) 50. D) 70. Passage Two Questions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard. 29. A)Not all conflicts are bad. B)All conficts are good. C) No conflict is good. D) Conflict management is bad. 30. A) Better ideas. B) Increased productivity. C) Hostile feelings and ill will. D) Both A)and B). 31. A) Conflict should be forbidden. B) A search for a better solution should be made. C) Conflict should be controlled. D) Hostile feelings should be got rid of. Passage Three Questions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard. 32. A) France. B) Ireland. C) Germany. D) England. 33. A) The Indians. B) The Irish. C) The Blacks. D) The Dutch. 34. A)To keep together in a racial group. B) Because they are discriminated against. C) For religious reasons. D)Because they don’t like other people. 35. A) Italy. B) Germany. C) Ireland. D)England. Section C Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.。

2008年12月大学英语四级预测试题及答案解析一、阅读理解第1题：Electric cars are dirty. In fact, not only are they dirty, they might even be more dirty than their gasoline-powered cousins.People in California love to talk about “zero-emissions vehicles,” but people in Californi a seem to be clueless about where electricity comes from. Power plants most all use fire to make it. Aside from the few folks who have their roofs covered with solar cells, we get our electricity from generators. Generators are fueled by something — usually coal, oil, but also by heat generated in nuclear power plants. There are a few wind farms and geothermal plants as well, but by far we get electricity mainly by burning something.In other words, those “zero-emissions” cars are likely coal-burning cars. It's just the coal is burned somewhere else so it looks clean. It is not. It’s as if the California Greens are covering their eyes —“If I can’t see it, it’s not happening.” Gasoli ne is an incredibly efficient way to power a vehicle; a gallon of gas has a lot of energy in it. But when you take that gas (or another fuel) and first use it to make electricity, you waste a nice part of that energy, mostly in the form of wasted heat — at the generator, through the transmission lines, etc.A gallon of gas may propel your car 25 miles. But the electricity you get from that gallon of gas won't get you nearly as far — so electric cars burn more fuel than gas-powered ones. If our electricity came mostly from nukes, or geothermal, or hydro, or solar, or wind, then an electric car truly would be clean. But for political, technical, and economic reasons, we don’t use much of those energy sources.In addition, electric cars’ batteries which are poisonous for a long time will eventually end up in a landfill. And finally, when cars are the polluters, the pollution is spread across all the roads. When it’s a power plant, though, all the junk is in one place. Nature is very good at cleaning up when things are not too concentrated, but it takes a lot longer when all the garbage is in one spot.1. What does “clueless” mean in paragraph 2?A) The California Greens are covering their eyes.B) People in California love to talk about zero-emissions vehiclesC) People in California love to have their roofs covered with solar cellsD) People there have no idea that so far electricity mainly comes from burning coal, oil, etc.2. According to the passage, why the California Greens hold the idea “If I can’t see it, it’s not happening.”?A) They do not know those clean cars are likely coal-burning cars.B) They do believe that the coal is burned somewhere else so it looks clean.C) They tend to hold that electricity is a nice part of energy.D) They tend to maintain that gasoline is a good way to run a vehicle.3. The electricity we get from a gallon of gas may make our car run __________.A) not less than 25 miles.B) more than 25 miles.C) no less than 25 miles.D) not more than 25 miles.4. Compared with cars using gas, electric cars __________A) do not burn fuel and more environmental.B) are toxic and it is difficult for nature to clean it up when their batteries are buried in one spot.C) are very good at cleaning up when things are not too concentratedD) are poisonous for a long time and will eventually end up in a landfill5 It can be inferred from the passage that __________.A) Being green is good and should be encouraged in communicationsB) Electric cars are not clean in that we get electricity mainly by burning something.C) Zero-emissions vehicles should be chosen to protect our environment.D) Electric cars are now the dominant vehicle compared with gasoline-powered cousins.1小题>、【正确答案】：D2小题>、【正确答案】：A3小题>、【正确答案】：D4小题>、【正确答案】：B5小题>、【正确答案】：B【参考解析】：无第2题：Rising global carbon dioxide levels tied to global warming may not be as crucial in determining the composition of plant communities as other, localized climate changes."Nobody really knows what the increases in carbon dioxide are going to entail in terms of future changes in vegetation types," said Mark Brenner, a University of Florida assistant professor of paleolimnology, the study of ancient lakes. "It looks like climate changes in different areas may be more important than carbon dioxide, at least carbon dioxide by itself," he said.Brenner’s research team based their conclusions on an analysis of sediment from two lake bottoms, one in northern Mexico and one in northern Guatemala. The researchers used new techniques that allowed them to analyze only the remains of land plants, specifically their leaf waxes. By measuring the composition of the leaf waxes, the researchers were able to distinguish two broad categories of plants living in these areas -- so-called C3 and C4 plants, which have different photosynthetic(光合作用) processes. Many C4 plants are tropical grasses, while most tropical trees are C3 plants. The researchers analyzed sediments(沉积物) deposited over the last 27,000 years, from the last ice age to the current geological period. Over this period, there was a worldwide, relatively uniform increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations.Brenner said that if carbon dioxide played the major role in determining plant composition, one would assume that analysis of the sediments would reveal very similar changes in relative abundance of C3 and C4 plants in the two places over the study period. But, in fact, the researchers found that trends in the two types of plants were different at the two locations. The changes were related not with carbon dioxide levels, but with shifts in rainfall. "The result appears to be that climate factors, especially moisture availability, determine whether C4 or C3 plants dominate in an area, not carbon dioxide," Brenner said.Many scientists believe global warming will cause major variation in local climates worldwide, with some wet areas becoming dry and dry areas becoming wet. If that happens, it could have more impact on relative C3 versus C4 plant distribution than the rising carbon dioxide levels.1. What can be inferred in the first paragraph?A) Climate changes are more important to the composition of plant communities than rising global carbon dioxide.B) Localized climate shifts may not be as crucial as carbon dioxide.C) Nobody knows which one is important.D) Carbon dioxide levels is crucial to the global warming.2. What is Mark Brenner?A) He studies co-author’s opinion.B) He is assisting the University of Florida.C) He is an expert in the field of ancient lakes.D) His research team composed of six geologists and geographers.3. According to the third paragraph, which one is NOT true?A) Tropical grasses are usually C4 plants.B) C3 and C4 plants used to live in northern Mexico and Guatemala.C) C3 and C4 plants don’t have the same processes.D) Tropical trees are all C3 plants.4. Why, in the 4th paragraph, the researchers found that trends in C3 and C4 plants were different at the two locations?A) The assumption that carbon dioxide played the major role is wrong.B) The carbon dioxide played an important role.C) The moisture availability was different.D) The carbon dioxide level was different5.What’s the main idea of the passage?A) Climates factors determine the plant distribution and composition of plant communities.B) Global warming will cause major variation.C) How has Brenner’s research team proved a truth.D) C3 and C4 plants are important plants in determining the composition of plant communities.1小题>、【正确答案】：A2小题>、【正确答案】：C3小题>、【正确答案】：D4小题>、【正确答案】：C5小题>、【正确答案】：A【参考解析】：无二、完型填空第3题：When a person walks, the movement of his head, trunk, hipbones and limbs are all reflected in changes in his body. A computer 1 these changes into a database. Later, the computers can accurately 2 him according to these changes. This is a new biological identification method and it can quickly identify an examinee 3 disturbing him. It's especially suitable for use in airports and supermarkets.Everybody's voice is 4 . When a person's voice is recorded by an ___5___, its voice frequency spectrum is called his sound print. Like a fingerprint, everybody's sound print is different. How can computers 6 his sound? First, his voice is recorded, which allows the computers to become familiar ___7___ his voice. It will then turn his sound characteristics into a ___8 of digits. These digits___9___ the frequency, pitch and rhythm of the person's voice. These are the 10 on which the computers can distinguish his voice from11 .When that person needs to be identified, after he says only one word or two, the computers can identify him. The computers can even identify sounds coming 12 the wires. This will provide a safer 13 to electric banks and electric purchases.We often bring ID cards, work cards, or driver licenses with us to ___14___ our identity. If all these cards are forgotten or lost, how can we prove15 we are? In fact, it's not difficult to prove whom you are, because your body16 has identifying markers. Some are physiological features, such as fingerprints, sounds, facial types and eye color. The computer can help to identify you.__17__ your features have already been stored in the database. To identify you, we have to take your picture with a camera and send it to a computer for 18 . First, the computer needs to reposition this picture according to the position of your eyes, and then starts to read the message of your physiological features such as the 19 of your pupil to the whites of your eyes and the shape of your nose. Next, it seeks matching records from the database. Finally, it makes a20 .1. A checks B stores C revises D modifies2. A identify B distinguish C convey D strike3. A without B with C for D in4 A identical B similar C unique D sole5. A implement B appliance C instrument D equipment6. A hear B understand C record D distinguish7. A to B in C on D with8. A series B package C line D pair9. A reverse B represent C reveal D recession10. A origin B cause C reason D basis11. A other's B another's C each other's D one another's12. A at B on C in D through13. A assure B guarantee C ensure D confirm14. A cause B make C prove D leave15. A whom B how C what D where16. A oneself B themselves C itself D himself17.A Provide B Suppose C Imagine D Give18. A processing B copying C coloring D revising19. A size B type C ratio D shape20. A recommendation B contribution C proposal D decision1小题>、【正确答案】：B2小题>、【正确答案】：A3小题>、【正确答案】：A4小题>、【正确答案】：C5小题>、【正确答案】：C6小题>、【正确答案】：D7小题>、【正确答案】：D8小题>、【正确答案】：A9小题>、【正确答案】：B10小题>、【正确答案】：D11小题>、【正确答案】：B12小题>、【正确答案】：D13小题>、【正确答案】：B14小题>、【正确答案】：C15小题>、【正确答案】：A16小题>、【正确答案】：C17小题>、【正确答案】：B18小题>、【正确答案】：A19小题>、【正确答案】：C20小题>、【正确答案】：D【参考解析】：无三、阅读理解第4题：Directions：In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For question 17,choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C),and D).For questions 8—10,complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.The Modern Olympic GamesThe Modern Olympic Games might have remained just a part of history without the dream of one Frenchman, Pierre de Coubertin. Coubertin believed that sport and exercise were very important for the health and happiness of every man and also for the nation. He therefore tried, in 1892, to interest other Frenchmen in his dream of starting a modern form of the early Greek Games. His ideas were strongly criticized by many people, who did not really understand what he was trying to do. It is perhaps sad that the great work Pierre de Coubertin did to bring back the Games was never properly recognized during his lifetime. Gradually, however, people all over the world became interested in his ideas and at a meeting in Paris in 1894, with representatives from twelve different countries; plans were made to hold the first modern Games in Athens in 1899.Organizing the first modern Games, however, was not without problems. The Greek government was unhappy with the decision to hold the Games in Athens, as they had serious economic problemsat the time and did not feel they were in a position to spend the necessary money. It seemed therefore that the Games would be finished before they had even begun. Prince Constantine of Greece, however, gave his support to Coubertin and the newly-formed Olympic Committee and other rich Greeks soon followed his example. Enough money was collected in Greece and abroad to build a new stadium and pay all the other costs.On 5th April, 1896, a crowd of over 60 000 people watched the King of Greece open the first modernOlympic Games. There were, however, very few competitors - only two hundred and eighty-five. Australia, Austria, Britain, Bulgaria, Chile, Denmark, France, Germany, Hungary, Sweden, Switzerland and the USA, were the only countries to send athletes to the Games and most of the athletes who did come had to pay for their own travel and other costs. There were ten sports in the first program - cycling, gymnastics, tennis, swimming, athletics, fencing, weight-lifting, rowing, wrestling and shooting; there were also other non-sporting events, such as concerts and ballet, just as there had been at the early Games.At the first modern Olympics almost all the gold medals were won by American sportsmen, but the most famous of all the first medal winners was a young Greek named Spyros Louis, who came from a small village in the mountains near Athens. It was he who won the long and difficult race, the Marathon, and gave the Greeks the national win they had hoped for.The Greeks would have been happy to keep the Games in Greece but Coubertin believed strongly that the Olympics should be truly international and would not allow this to happen. It was therefore decided to hold the next Games in Paris in 1900. Sadly, however, the Paris Games and the following Games, held in St. Louis, America, in 1904, were poor examples of Coubertin's dream and Coubertin himself did not even travel to the St. Louis Games. For these two Games were more like circus shows than serious international sports meetings. Only fifteen non-Americans went to the 1904 Games, mainly because the high travel costs prevented others from competing. Olympic events were mixed with other sports and events, and the Games were organized to continue over many months, so that as much money as possible could be made by the organizers from the selling of tickets.It was not until 1908, when the Games were held in London, that international rules and distances were introduced;until then the events had been the decision of the organizing nation alone. The London Games were far better organized than any of the other modern Games but it took many more years before Coubertin's dream of a truly international meeting of sportsmen became a reality. It was necessary to make many changes before the Olympic Games became as well-organized and as popular as they are today.Since 1896 the Games have been held every four years, except for a break during the years of the two World Wars. Gradually the number of competitors who take part in each Games has grown and so has the number of countries. In 1896, only thirteen countries were represented and only two hundred and eighty-five competitors took part. Today, however, as many as one hundred and twenty-two countries send athletes to the Games and more than seven thousand men and women come to the Games to take part. In recent years, the number of events has grown to twenty-one, eleven of which are also open to women.It is interesting that Coubertin, whose ideas were born in the late nineteenth century, probably never imagined that women would ever play a part in the new Olympics. Women had never competed in theearly Greek Games; indeed, for many years they were not even allowed to watch. In modern times, the London Games in 1908 were the first in which women took a serious part - 36 women came to the Games to compete. The first woman to win an Olympic event was the British Tennis Player, Charlotte Cooper, who won a tennis event in 1900. From 1908, however, the number of events began to grow with the introduction of ladies’ gymnastics. Athletics events for women were introduced in 1928 at the Games held in Amsterdam. Today, women are as highly-trained and as fit as men. Although in almost every sport women and men compete separately, in horse-riding events they compete against each other and women have shown over the years that they are just as good.The International Olympic Committee, whose home is in Lausanne in Switzerland, is responsible for all the important decisions of the Olympic Movement. The members of this committee are chosen not by their governments but by members already on the committee and they are therefore above politics or group interests. Most of the members are si mply rich men who wish to keep Coubertin’s ideas alive. Not every country is represented, therefore, because this would mean more than 120 members and no decisions would ever be made.However, each country must form a National Olympic Committee before it is allowed to send competitors to the games and this committee must be recognized by the International Olympic Committee. At present, more than 136 countries have formed such a committee. The National Committees are responsible for organizing the national teams and for deciding which competitors to send. Competitors cannot choose to go to the Games - they must be chosen and this means competing against their own countrymen. It is not even enough to be the best in the country, for each competitor must be able to reach the standard expected for entry to the Games. These standards change each year as sportsmen and sportswomen improve. Some countries are not able to send all the competitors they would like to, even if they have reached the expected standard, because of the cost. The National Committee must then decide whether to send the competitors who have the most chance of winning or whether, instead, to send competitors to represent each sport even though some of them have little hope of doing well.Not only the competitors but also the team manager must be paid for. The manager is an extremely important member of the team;he is responsible for the competitors while they are at the Games and his job includes, for example, getting the competitors to each event on time and helping with medical or personal problems. Most countries ask the people for money to help pay for the costs of travel and training. A lot of money is given by businesses and companies who also give, for example, clothes, shoes and uniforms.The city where the Games are to be held is chosen by the International Olympic Committee;this is usually decided five years before the Games are to take place. Several cities may wish to hold the Games in any one year and the Committee decides only after it has listened to and seen the arguments and plans of each city. Once chosen, the city then has five years to prepare.1. Coubertin planned to hold the first modern Olympic Games in_________ in Athens.A. 1894B. 1896C. 1899D. 19002. The competitors of the first Olympic Games came from all of the following countries EXCEPT__________.A. UKB. HungaryC. SwitzerlandD. Norway3. Which of the following was NOT part of the first Olympic Games?A. concertsB. circusC. fencingD. boxing4. According to the passage, the most successful modern Olympic Games was the one heldin_________A. Athens, GreeceB. St. Louis, AmericaC. Paris, FranceD. London, UK5. Which of the following statements is NOT true?A. Women were not allowed to participate in the ancient Olympics.B. Women were not allowed to watch the Olympic Games in the past.C. Women appeared in the Amsterdam Olympic Games.D. Before 1908 there were no women in the Olympic Games.6. Women and men always compete separately except in_______A. tennisB. racingC. swimmingD. horse-riding7. What do we learn about the International Olympic Committee (IOC)?A. Every country has its representatives in IOC.B. The representatives in IOC speak for their own countries.C. Most representatives in IOC are wealthy.D. The representatives in IOC are elected by their own country.8. It was _________________ that are responsible for organizing the national teams and for deciding which competitors to send.9. Both the competitors and ___________ must be paid for.10. Every city chosen to hold the Olympic Games usually have___ to prepare.1小题>【参考答案】：C2小题>【参考答案】：D3小题>【参考答案】：B4小题>【参考答案】：D5小题>【参考答案】：D6小题>【参考答案】：D7小题>【参考答案】：C8小题>【参考答案】：National Committee9小题>【参考答案】：Team manager10小题>【参考答案】：five years第5题：The song “Happy birthday to you” is sung all over the world just before the birthday boy or girl blows out the candles on the cake.It is so simple that children as young as three can sing it without ___1___. The song, with its___2___ title “Good Morning to You”, was written in 1893 by the two sisters, Mildred and Patty Smith Hill. They were the daughters of a ___3___ Kentucky couple, who believed in female education at a time---the mid-nineteenth century--- when it was still a ___4___ idea and who trained their two daughters to be schoolteachers. They were long involved in elementary education.A birthday cake with ___5___ candles is also indispensable at one's birthday party. It may derive, ___6___, from the ancient Greek practice of offering to Artemis, goddess of the moon, a round honey cake into which a candle was stuck. After German bakers ___7___ the modern birthday cake in the Middle Ages, a similar ___8___ was adopted for happiness at birthdays.The candle-blowing-out custom may be associated with double meaning at birthdays. Some people believe that each birthday is another step toward the end, and what we ___9___ at birthday gatherings is not only our growth, but our transience. Thus, candles at birthdays are ___10___ of life and death, hopes and fears, increase and loss, and so on.注意：此部分试题请在答题那栏按题的顺序一一选择答案A) invented I) originalB) accelerate J) novelC) old K) apparentlyD) symbols L) burningE) hesitation M) preventedF) progressive N) customG) celebrate O) substituteH) distantly1小题>【参考答案】：E2小题>【参考答案】：I3小题>【参考答案】：F4小题>【参考答案】：J5小题>【参考答案】：L6小题>【参考答案】：H7小题>【参考答案】：A8小题>【参考答案】：N9小题>【参考答案】：B10小题>【参考答案】：四、翻译第6题：(大学校园是否该对游客开放)is a hot topic【参考答案】：Whether the campus should be open to the tourists第7题：.We all know that he (他对学英语付出了很多努力)。

新东⽅：2008年12⽉英语四级模拟冲刺卷答案 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上。

Directions: For this part you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter based on the outline below. You should write at least 120 words. You live in a room in college which you share with another student. You find it very difficult to work there because your roommate always has friends visiting. Write a letter to the Accommodation Officer at the college. 1）要求下学期换⼀个新房间。

2）解释原因。

3）要求单间。

Part II Reading (skimming and scanning) (15 minutes) Directions：In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For question 17,choose the best answer from the four choices marked A）,B）,C）,and D）.For questions 8—10,complete the sentences with the information given in the passage. The Modern Olympic Games The Modern Olympic Games might have remained just a part of history without the dream of one Frenchman, Pierre de Coubertin. Coubertin believed that sport and exercise were very important for the health and happiness of every man and also for the nation. He therefore tried, in 1892, to interest other Frenchmen in his dream of starting a modern form of the early Greek Games. His ideas were strongly criticized by many people, who did not really understand what he was trying to do. It is perhaps sad that the great work Pierre de Coubertin did to bring back the Games was never properly recognized during his lifetime. Gradually, however, people all over the world became interested in his ideas and at a meeting in Paris in 1894, with representatives from twelve different countries; plans were made to hold the first modern Games in Athens in 1899. Organizing the first modern Games, however, was not without problems. The Greek government was unhappy with the decision to hold the Games in Athens, as they had serious economic problems at the time and did not feel they were in a position to spend the necessary money. It seemed therefore that the Games would be finished before they had even begun. Prince Constantine of Greece, however, gave his support to Coubertin and the newly-formed Olympic Committee and other rich Greeks soon followed his example. Enough money was collected in Greece and abroad to build a new stadium and pay all the other costs. On 5th April, 1896, a crowd of over 60 000 people watched the King of Greece open the first modern Olympic Games. There were, however, very few competitors － only two hundred and eighty-five. Australia, Austria, Britain, Bulgaria, Chile, Denmark, France, Germany, Hungary, Sweden, Switzerland and the USA, were the only countries to send athletes to the Games and most of the athletes who did come had to pay for their own travel and other costs. There were ten sports in the first program － cycling, gymnastics, tennis, swimming, athletics, fencing, weight-lifting, rowing, wrestling and shooting; there were also other non-sporting events, such as concerts and ballet, just as there had been at the early Games. At the first modern Olympics almost all the gold medals were won by American sportsmen, but the most famous of all the first medal winners was a young Greek named Spyros Louis, who came from a small village in the mountains near Athens. It was he who won the long and difficult race, the Marathon, and gave the Greeks the national win they had hoped for. The Greeks would have been happy to keep the Games in Greece but Coubertin believed strongly that the Olympics should be truly international and would not allow this to happen. It was therefore decided to hold the next Games in Paris in 1900. Sadly, however, the Paris Games and the following Games, held in St. Louis, America, in 1904, were poor examples of Coubertin's dream and Coubertin himself did not even travel to the St. Louis Games. For these two Games were more like circus shows than serious international sports meetings. Only fifteen non-Americans went to the 1904 Games, mainly because the high travel costs prevented others from competing. Olympic events were mixed with other sports and events, and the Games were organized to continue over many months, so that as much money as possible could be made by the organizers from the selling of tickets. It was not until 1908, when the Games were held in London, that international rules and distances were introduced；until then the events had been the decision of the organizing nation alone. The London Games were far better organized than any of the other modern Games but it took many more years before Coubertin's dream of a truly international meeting of sportsmen became a reality. It was necessary to make many changes before the Olympic Games became as well-organizedand as popular as they are today. Since 1896 the Games have been held every four years, except for a break during the years of the two World Wars. Gradually the number of competitors who take part in each Games has grown and so has the number of countries. In 1896, only thirteen countries were represented and only two hundred and eighty-five competitors took part. Today, however, as many as one hundred and twenty-two countries send athletes to the Games and more than seven thousand men and women come to the Games to take part. In recent years, the number of events has grown to twenty-one, eleven of which are also open to women. It is interesting that Coubertin, whose ideas were born in the late nineteenth century, probably never imagined that women would ever play a part in the new Olympics. Women had never competed in the early Greek Games; indeed, for many years they were not even allowed to watch. In modern times, the London Games in 1908 were the first in which women took a serious part － 36 women came to the Games to compete. The first woman to win an Olympic event was the British Tennis Player, Charlotte Cooper, who won a tennis event in 1900. From 1908, however, the number of events began to grow with the introduction of ladies’ gymnastics. Athletics events for women were introduced in 1928 at the Games held in Amsterdam. Today, women are as highly-trained and as fit as men. Although in almost every sport women and men compete separately, in horse-riding events they compete against each other and women have shown over the years that they are just as good. The International Olympic Committee, whose home is in Lausanne in Switzerland, is responsible for all the important decisions of the Olympic Movement. The members of this committee are chosen not by their governments but by members already on the committee and they are therefore above politics or group interests. Most of the members are simply rich men who wish to keep Coubertin’s ideas alive. Not every country is represented, therefore, because this would mean more than 120 members and no decisions would ever be made. However, each country must form a National Olympic Committee before it is allowed to send competitors to the games and this committee must be recognized by the International Olympic Committee. At present, more than 136 countries have formed such a committee. The National Committees are responsible for organizing the national teams and for deciding which competitors to send. Competitors cannot choose to go to the Games － they must be chosen and this means competing against their own countrymen. It is not even enough to be the best in the country, for each competitor must be able to reach the standard expected for entry to the Games. These standards change each year as sportsmen and sportswomen improve. Some countries are not able to send all the competitors they would like to, even if they have reached the expected standard, because of the cost. The National Committee must then decide whether to send the competitors who have the most chance of winning or whether, instead, to send competitors to represent each sport even though some of them have little hope of doing well. Not only the competitors but also the team manager must be paid for. The manager is an extremely important member of the team；he is responsible for the competitors while they are at the Games and his job includes, for example, getting the competitors to each event on time and helping with medical or personal problems. Most countries ask the people for money to help pay for the costs of travel and training. A lot of money is given by businesses and companies who also give, for example, clothes, shoes and uniforms. The city where the Games are to be held is chosen by the International Olympic Committee；this is usually decided five years before the Games are to take place. Several cities may wish to hold the Games in any one year and the Committee decides only after it has listened to and seen the arguments and plans of each city. Once chosen, the city then has five years to prepare. 1. Coubertin planned to hold the first modern Olympic Games in_________ in Athens.A. 1894B. 1896C. 1899D. 1900 2. The competitors of the first Olympic Games came from all of the following countries EXCEPT__________.A. UKB. HungaryC. SwitzerlandD. Norway 3. Which of the following was NOT part of the first Olympic Games?A. concertsB. circusC. fencingD. boxing 4. According to the passage, the most successful modern Olympic Games was the one held in_________A. Athens, GreeceB. St. Louis, AmericaC. Paris, FranceD. London, UK 5. Which of the following statements is NOT true? A. Women were not allow e d t o p a r t i c i p a t e i n t h e a n c i e n t O l y m p i c s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 0 7 " > 0 0 B . W o m e n w e r e n o t a l l o w e d t o w a t c h t h e O l y m p i c G a m e s i n t h e p a s t . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 0 8 " > 0 0 C . W o m e n a p p e a r e d i n t h e A m s t e r d a m O l y m p i c G a m e s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 0 9 " > 0 0 D . B e f o r e 1 9 0 8 t h e r e w e r e n o w o m e n i n t h e O l y m p i c G a m e s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 1 0 " > 0 0 6 . W o m e n a n d m e n a l w a y s c o m p e t e s e p a r a t e l y e x c e p t i n _ _ _ _ _ _ _ / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 1 1 " > 0 0 A . t e n n i s B . r a c i n g / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 1 2 " > 0 0 C . s w i m m i n g D . h o r s e - r i d i n g / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 1 3 " > 0 0 7 . W h a t d o w e l e a r n a b o u t t h e I n t e r n a t i o n a l O l y m p i c C o m m i t t e e ( I O C ) ? / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 1 4 " > 0 0 A . E v e r y c o u n t r y h a s i t s r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s i n I O C . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 1 5 " > 0 0 B . T h e r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s i n I O C s p e a k f o r t h e i r o w n c o u n t r i e s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 1 6 " > 0 0 C . M o s t r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s i n I O C a r e w e a l t h y . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 1 7 " > 0 0 D . T h e r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s i n I O C a r e e l e c t e d b y t h e i r o w n c o u n t r y . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 1 8 " > 0 0 8 . I t w a s _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ t h a t a r e r e s p o n s i b l e f o r o r g a n i z i n g t h e n a t i o n a l t e a m s a n d f o r d e c i d i n g w h i c h c o m p e t i t o r s t o s e n d . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 1 9 " > 0 0 9 . B o t h t h e c o m p e t i t o r s a n d _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ m u s t b e p a i d f o r . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 2 0 " > 0 0 1 0 . E v e r y c i t y c h o s e n t o h o l d t h e O l y m p i c G a m e s u s u a l l y h a v e _ _ _ t o p r e p a r e . b r b d s f i d = " 1 2 1 " > b r b d s f i d = " 1 2 2 " > / p > / d i v > / d i v > d i v b d s f i d = " 1 2 3 " > i f r a m e w i d t h = " 6 4 0 " f r a m e b o r d e r = " 0 " h e i g h t = "3 0 0 " s c r o l l i n g = " n o " s r c = " h t t p s : / / p o s . b a i d u . c o m / s ? w i d = 64 0 &a m p ; h e i = 3 0 0 &a m p ; d i = u4 9 15 4 9 3 &a m p ; s 1 = 1 1 1 2 7 7 1 9 8 2 &a m p ; s 2 = 2 7 3 1 8 3 1 76 2 &a m p ; l t u = h t t p s % 3 A % 2 F % 2 F m . 51 t e s t . n e t %2 F s h o w % 2 F 4 4 9 5 0 5 . h t m l &a m p ; t r = 1 6 4 2 8 5 9 2 6 1 &a m p ; m t = a 5 a c b 2345 a 7 2 c 7c 7 &a m p ;d c = 3 &a m p ; t i = % E 6 % 9 6 % B 0 % E 4 % B 8 % 9 C % E 6 % 9 6 % B 9 % E F % B C % 9 A 2 0 0 8 % E 5 % B 9 % B 4 1 2 % E 6 % 9 C % 8 8 % E 5 % A 4 % A 7 % E 5 % A D % A 6 % E 8 % 8 B % B 1 % E 8 % A F % A D % E 5 %9 B % 9 B % E 7 % B A % A 7 % E 6 % A 8 % A 1 % E 6 % 8 B % 9 F % E 5 % 8 6 % B 2 % E 5 % 8 8 % B A % E 5 % 8 D %B 7 1 &a m p ; p s = 6 8 7 2 x 4 8 0 &a m p ; d r s = 4 &a m p ; p c s = 1 6 0 0 x 1 6 0 0 &a m p ; p s s = 1 6 0 0 x 8 1 2 9 &a m p ;c f v = 0 &a m p ; c p l = 0 &a m p ; c h i = 2 &a m p ; c c e = t r u e &a m p ; c e c = G B K &a m p ; t l m = 1 6 4 0 7 7 2 5 1 6 &a m p ; p s r = 1 6 0 0 x 1 6 0 0 &a m p ; p a r = 1 6 0 0 x 1 6 0 0 &a m p ; p i s = - 1 x - 1 &a m p ; c cd = 2 4 &a m p ; c j a = f a l se &a m p ; c m i = 0 &a m p ; c o l = z h - C N &a m p ; c d o = - 1 &a m p ; t c n = 1 6 4 2 8 5 9 2 6 2 &a m p ; d t m = H T M L _ P O S T &a m p ; t p r = 1 6 4 2 8 5 9 2 6 0 4 8 0 &a m p ; a r i = 2 &a m p ; a n t = 0 &a m p ; p s i = a 7 4 e 6 0 6 1 c d 1 3 a 2 d e &a m p ; e x p s = 1 1 0 2 5 7 , 1 1 0 0 0 9 , 1 1 1 0 0 0 , 1 1 0 0 1 1 &a m p ; p r o t = 2 &a m p ; d i s = 0 &a m p ; d a i = 2 &a m p ; d r i = 0 &a m p ;f p = f e b e d b 1 6 9 6 f e 0 a b 0 5 9 f 7 3 5 d 3 e 1 3 b 3 8 4 5 " b d s f i d = " 1 2 4 " > / i f r a m e > / d i v > s c r i p t i d = " s h o w _g _ d 1 " s r c = " / / m 1 . 5 1 k a o w a n g . c o m / p r o d u c t i o n / n i e / q / r e s o u r c e / r f / e _ q a . j s " b d s f i d = " 1 2 5 " > / s c r i p t > s c r i p t s r c = " / / j s . 5 1 t e s t . n e t / m _ j s _ n e w / m _ sh o w _ d o w n . j s "b d s f i d = " 1 2 6 " > / sc r i p t >d i v c l a s s = " c o n te n t _ d o w n l o a d " b d sf i d = " 1 2 7 " >。

Part III Listening Comprehension Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. 11.M: Do you have a larger size for this shirt? W: I'll check, but...to tell you the truth, I think this one’s right for you. Q: What does the woman mean? 12.M: Oh, I’m sorry, I just realized that I forgot to bring the tape recorder you lent me. I left it back in my dorm. W: That’s all right. I won’t need it until tonight. As long as I’ve got it by then, it’ll be fine. Q: What does the woman imply? 13.W: I’m thinking of getting a new pantsuit to wear to James’ wedding. M: I just hope that my old suit still fits. You know how I feel about shopping. Q: What does the man imply? 14.M: What’s my share of the bill? $18.50? That can’t be right! I only had a salad for dinner. W: Don’t get excited. Let me check it out. Q: What will the woman probably do next? 15.W: I’d like to enroll in the free seminar you advertised in the newspaper. I mean the one on managing your personal finances. M: Okay. Now the ad said that you have to have a saving’s account at our bank to be eligible. Do you have one here? Q: What does the man want to know? 16.W: Tomorrow we are having our first test in my history class. I’m really worried about it. You’ve taken one of Dr. Parker’s tests, haven’t you? I hear they're impossible to pass. M: I don’t know who you’ve been talking to. My experience was just the opposite. Q: What does the man imply? 17.W: What’s the problem, Paul? You really look panicked. M: I am speaking to a group of high school students about engineering this afternoon, but I have no idea how I am going to simplify some of the concepts for them. Q: What is the man’s problem? 18.M: I haven’t turned on my air-conditioner at all this summer. W: That’s surprising, considering how hot it’s been lately. Q: What does the woman find surprising? Now you will have two long conversations. Conversation One M:This food is terrible! I can't even finish my dinner. W: I know. You think with all the money we paid for room and board, the university could have better food service. Where are you headed next? M: I'm going over to the student recreation center to play some bridge. W:You’re spending your time on a card game? M:Not just any card game. It's one of the most strategic games. W:So I’ve heard. Don't you play with a partner? M:Yeah! Four people play, two against the other two. W: So, you try to play in cooperation with your partner? M: Actually, the cards of one of the four plays are turned face up. That player is called the dummy. W: I wouldn't want to be called that. When you are the dummy, what do you do while the cards are being played? M: Anything you want. Sit there and study, shuffle another deck, get snacks for everyone… I like to stand behind my partner and watch. W: You know, I've heard that bridge is habit forming. You should be careful not to play so much that you don't get your studying done. M: Don't worry about me. I only play Thursdays after dinner, and sometimes when they need a fourth player. If you like, I could teach you. W: Thanks, but I have a pretty heavy workload this semester. I already spend my evenings doing things I don't really know how to do yet. Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 19. Where does the conversation take place? 20. How does the woman plan to spend her evening? 21. What will the man probably do if he is the dummy? 22. What does the woman warn the man not to do? Conversation Two W:Hi, Zach. M:Hey, Lisa. What are you doing here? W: I work here on weekends. How come you decided to come to the travel agency? Planning a trip? M: Yeah, well, you know our break is coming, and I need a quick getaway trip somewhere. W:Well, someone’s got money to burn. But we hardworking students need a break too. M: I’m going to tell you up-front Lisa. It’s not what you think. I’m on a tight budget like everyone else here but I’ve got to get out of this town for a while. W:Where to? M:Florida, maybe. I’ll go see a Miami Dolphins football game. W: And you need a flight for next week? Well, you are one who leaves things for the last minute but hmm… let me take a look at the screen… United has one to Miami but it’s a bit expensive so let me see if there’s anything else available. M:Preferably below $400 for round trip tickets. Can you swing it? W: One by Phoenix Air for $350. It’s a small plane though. Are you sure you don’t want me to check again for other flights? It would only take a second. M:No, that sounds like it’s within my range. W:All right. Just let me call and confirm the times. Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 23. Why is the man at the travel agency? 24. What is the woman’s concern about the Phoenix Air flight? 25. What will the woman do after the man agrees to take the flight? Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. Passage One When Americans refer to various parts of the country, the way in which they divide the country and the terms they use may be confusing to foreign visitors. When referring to the part of the United States that lies between Canada and Mexico, citizens of Alaska speak of “the Lower Forty-Eight.” Citizens of “the Lower Forty-Eight” have long referred to this same territory as “the United States.” People living in the state of Hawaii refer to the rest of the country as “the Mainland” and refer to their own state as “the Islands.” People in “the Lower Forty-Eight” divide that part of the United States in ways that are partly political, partly geographical. New England is that section of the country north and east of New York State, settled 300 years ago by the English. The South is the area of the country east of the Mississippi River and south of the Ohio River.i d = " 1 7 2 " > 0 0 T h e M i d w e s t i s d e f i n e d d i f f e r e n t l y b y d i f f e r e n t d i c t i o n a r i e s . P e r h a p s t h e m o s t a c c e p t e d d e f i n i t i o n i s : t h e a r e a b e t w e e n t h e A p p a l a c h i a n M o u n t a i n s o n t h e e a s t a n d t h e R o c k y M o u n t a i n s o n t h e w e s t a n d n o r t h o f t h e O h i o a n d M i s s o u r i R i v e r s . b r b d s f i d = " 1 7 3 " > 00 A m e r i c a n s a l s o s p e a k o f t h e S o u t h w e s t , w h i c h i n c l u d e s p a r t i c u l a r l y A r i z o n a , N e w M e x ic o , a nd We s t e r n T e x a s . b r b d sf i d = " 1 7 4 " > 0 0 T h e N o r t h w e s t i s c l e a r l y t h e s t a t e s o f W a s h i ng t o n a n d O r e g o n . T h e s t a t e o f C a l i f o r n i a i s o f t e n r e f e r r e d t o a s t h e W e s t C o a s t . b r b d s f i d = " 17 5 " > 0 0 Q u e s t i o n s 2 6 t o 2 8 a r e b a s e d o n t h e p a s s a g e y o u h a v e j u s t h e a r d . b r b d s f i d = " 1 7 6 " >0 0 2 6 W h a t d o c i t i z e n s o f A l a s k a c a l l t h e r e s t o f t h e m a i n l a n d p a r t o f t h e c o u n t r y ? b r b d s f i d = "1 7 7 " > 0 02 7 . W h i c h s e c t i o n o f t h e c o u n t r y i s N e w E n g l a n d ? b r b d s f i d = " 1 7 8 " > 0 0 2 8 . W h i c h s t a t e i s n o t i n c l u d e d i n t h e S o u t h w e s t ? b r b d s f i d = " 1 7 9 " > 0 0 P a s s a g e T w o b r b d s f i d = " 1 8 0 " >0 0 M o s t p e o p l e p i c t u r e s h a r k s a s h u g e , p o w e r f u l , f r i g h t e n i n g p r e d a t o r s , r e a d y a t a n y m o me n t t o u s e t h e i r s h a r p t e e t h t o a t t a c k u n w a r y s w i m m e r sf o r n o r e a s o n . T h i s i d e a o f s h a r k s , h o w e v e r , c o n t a i n s m a n y m i s c o n c e p t i o n s . b r b d s f i d = " 1 8 1 " > 0 0 F i r s t , t h e r e a r e a b o u t 3 5 0 s p e c i e s o f s h a r k , a n d n o t a l l o f t h e m a r e l a rg e . Th e y r a n g ei n s i z e f r o m t h e d w a r f s h a r k , w h i c h c a n b e o n l y 6 i n c h e s l o n g a n d c a n b e h e l d i n t h e p a l m o f t h e h a n d , t o t h e w h a l e s h a r k , w h i c h c a n b e m o r e t h a n 5 5 f e e t l o n g . b r b d s f i d = " 1 8 2 " > 0 0 A s e c o n d m i s c o n c e p t i o n c o n c e r n s t h e n u m b e r a n d t y p e o f t e e t h , w h i c h c a n v a r y t r e m e n d o u s l y a m o n g t h e d i f f e r e n t s p e c i e s o f s h a r k . A s h a r k c a n h a v e f r o m o n e t o s e v e n s e t s o f t e e t h a t t h e s a m e t i m e , a n d s o m e t y p e s o f s h a r k s c a n h a v e s e v e r a l h u n d r e d t e e t h i n e a c hj a w . I t i s t r u e t h a t t h e f i e r c e a n d p r e d a t o r y s p e c i e s d o p o s s e s s e x t r e m e l y s h a r p a n d b r u t a l t e e t h u s e d t o r i p t h e i r p r e y a p a r t . M a n y o t h e r t y p e s o f s h a rk s , h o w e v e r , h a v e t e e t h m o r e a d a p t e d f o r g r a b b i n g a n d h ol d i n g t h a n f o r c u t t i n g a n d s l a s h i n g . b r b d s f i d = " 1 8 3 " > 0 0 F i n a l l y , n o t a l l s h a r k s a r e p r e d a t o r y a n im a l s r e a d y t o s t r i k e a t h u m an s w i t ho u t w a r n i n g . I n f a c t , o n l y 1 2 o f t h e 3 5 0 sp e c i e s o f s h a r k h a v e b e e n k n o w n t o a t t a c k h u m a n s , a n d a s h a r k n e e d s t o b e p r o v o k e d i n o r d e r t o a t t a c k . T h e t y p e s o f s h a r k t h a t h a v e t h e w o r s t r e c o r d w i t h h u m a n s a r e t h e t i g e r s h a r k , t h e b u l l s h a r k , a n d t h e g r e a t w h i t e s h a r k . H o w e v e r , f o r m o s t s p e c i e s o f s h a r k , e v e n s o m e o f t h e l a r g e s t t y p e s , t h e r e a r e n o k n o w n i n s t a n c e s o f a t t a c k s o n h u m a n s . b r b d s f i d = " 1 8 4 " > 0 0 Q u e s t i o n s 2 9 t o 3 1 a r e b a s e d o n t h e p a s s a g e y o u h a v e j u s t h e a r d . b r b d s f i d = " 1 8 5 " > 0 0 2 9 . W h i c h o f t h e f o l l o w i n g i s t r u e a b o u t s h a r k s ?b r b d s f i d = " 1 8 6 " > 0 0 3 0 . W h a t i s a m i sc o n c e p t i o n a b o u t t h e t e e t h o f s h a r k s ? b r bd s f i d = " 1 8 7" > 0 0 3 1 . W h i c h o f t h e f o l l o w i n g i s N O T t r u e c o n c e r n i n g s h a r k s a t t a c k s o n h u m a n s ? b r b d s f i d = " 1 8 8 " > 0 0 P a s s a g e T h r e e b r b d s f i d = " 1 8 9 " > 0 0 T h e U n i t e d S t a t e s i s w e l l k n o w n f o r i t s n e t w o r k o f m a j o r h i g h w a y s d e s i g n e d t o h e l p a d r i v e r g e t f r o m o n e p l a c e t o a n o t h e r i n t h e s h o r t e s t p o s s i b l e t i m e . A l t h o u g h t h e s e w i d e m o d e r n r o a d s a r e g e n e r a l l y s m o o t h a n d w e l l m a i n t a i n e d , w i t h f e w s h a r p c u r v e s a n d s t r a i g h t s e c t i o n s , a d i r e c t r o u t e i s n o t a l w a y s t h e m o s t e n j o y a b l e o n e . L a r g e h i g h w a y s o f t e n p a s s b y s c e n i c a r e a s a n d i n t e r e s t i n g s m a l l t o w n s . F u r t h e r m o r e , t h e s e h i g h w a y s g e n e r a l l y c o n n e c t l a r g e u r b a n c e n t e r s , w h i c h m e a n s t h a t t h e y b e c o m e c r o w d e d w i t h h e a v y t r a f f i c d u r i n g r u s h h o u r s , w h e n t h e f a s t , d i r e c t r o u t e b e c o m e s a v e r y s l o w r o u t e . b r b d s f i d = " 1 9 0 " > 0 0 H o w e v e r , t h e r e i s a l m o s t a l w a y s a n o t h e r r o u t e t o t a k e i f y o u a r e n o t i n a h u r r y . N o t f a r f r o m t h e r e l a t i v e l y n e w s u p e r h i g h w a y s , t h e r e a r e o f t e n o l d e r , l e s s h e a v i l y t r a v e l e d r o a d s w h i c h g o t h r o u g h t h e c o u n t r y s i d e . S o m e o f t h e s e a r e g o o d t w o l a n e r o a d s ; o t h e r s a r e u n e v e n r o a d s c u r v i n g t h r o u g h t h e c o u n t r y . T h e s e s e c o n d a r y r o u t e s m a y g o u p s t e e p s l o p e s , a l o n g h i g h c l i f f s , o r d o w n f r i g h t e n i n g h i l l s i d e t o t o w n s l y i n g i n d e e p v a l l e y s . T h e s e l e s s d i r e c t r o u t e s , t h o u g h l o n g e r a n d s l o w e r , g e n e r a l l y g o t o p l a c e s w h e r e t h e a i r i s c l e a n a n d s c e n e r y i s b e a u t i f u l . I n a d d i t i o n t h e d r i v e r m a y h a v e a c h a n c e t o g e t a f r e s h , c l e a n v i e w o f t h e w o r l d . b r b d s f i d = " 1 9 1 " > 0 0 Q u e s t i o n s 3 2 t o 3 5 a r e b a s e d o n t h e p a s s a g e y o u h a v e j u s t h e a r d . b r b d s f i d = " 1 9 2 " > 0 0 3 2 . W h i c h o f t h e f o l l o w i n g i s N O T a c h a r a c t e r i s t i c o f A m e r i c a n m a j o r h i g h w a y s ? b r b d s f i d = " 1 9 3 " > 0 0 3 3 . W h y d o m a j o r h i g h w a y s b e c o m e v e r y c r o w d e d d u r i n g r u s h h o u r ? b r b d s f i d = " 1 9 4 " > 0 0 3 4 . W h a t i s t h e a d v a n t a g e i n t a k i n g a s ec o nd a r y r o u te ? b r b d sf i d = " 1 9 5 " > 0 0 3 5 . W h a t c a n w e i n f e r f r o m t h e p a s s ag e ? b r b d s f i d = " 1 96 " > / p >。

2008年12月大学英语四级预测试题及答案解析(三)一、选词填空题第1题：Undoubtedly the globe is getting hotter and hotter. The unavoidable questions are: How much responsibility shall we take for warming, and are we1 to stop the destruction by limiting our insatiable 2 for natural fuels?It seems that global warming is too3 to be worried about, or too unpredictable. The computer 4 cannot define what the weather is like next week. In cold winter day it might be considered that a little warming would be a fair thing. And doubtlessly: Alarming about 5 alteration may sound like an environmentalist frightening strategy, aiming to urge humans to walk and keep the world cleaner.However, based on the data collected by scientists, bad news are brought to our living media.From California to the snowy peaks of China, the air is heating up right now, and the globe is being fast warmed, the 6 has increased by 1 ℉ compared with the past century. In addition, some parts like remote places have been in a much hotter state. The results aren‟t s atisfactory, ice being7 , rivers running dry, and coasts being 8 , threatening villages and cottages.The 9 are gradually occurring without any obvious phenomenon. But they shouldn‟t slip our mind, because they can pose as a great potential threat to the10 world.A) remoteB) technologyC) composingD) wholeE) voluntaryF) climateG) skillH) desireI) meltingJ) vanishingK) erodedL) temperatureM) amazementN) changesO) clever【参考答案】：EHABFLIKND二、完型填空第2题：Given you were going to hunt for a job, you were doomed to be endowed with some strengths and weaknesses. Success or 1 in job-hunting would rely, to 2 great extent, 3 your capability of exerting your strengths and weaknesses to the best scope. 4 the most significance is the attitude. A person 5 begins to work believing that he won‟t like it or is6 what he is going to suffer is showing a disadvantage which can only forbid his success. In another word, a person who is firm 7 his mind that he is most likely as capable 8 doing the job as others and who is voluntary to make a ready attempt 9 it owns some strength of will. It is most likely that he will perform well. 10 the essential skills for a specific job is merit. A weakness is obviously short of those skills. A book-keeper who can‟t develop new understandings or a carpenter who is unable to make a straight line 11 in ahopeless dilemma. This book has been designed to help you draw 12 the strength and conquer the 13 that you maybe reveal in your working process. But in order to weigh your development, you must first14 stock of the position you are reaching now. 15 we go further into the book, we‟ll be16 in detail with particular issues for developing and enhancing 17 skills. Nevertheless18 begin with, you ought to pause 19 look into your current strengths and weaknesses in three areas that play significant roles in your success or failure in school: your20 , your communication skills and strategies, and your learning habits.1. A) improvement B) victoryC) failure D)achievement2. A) a B) theC) some D) certain3. A) in B) on C) of D) to4. A) Out of B) OfC) To D) Into5. A) who B) whatC) when D) which6. A) ensure B) certainC) sure D) surely7. A) onto B) on C) off D) in8. A) to B) at C) of D) for9. A) near B) on C) by D) at10. A) Have B) HadC) Having D) Had been11. A) being B) been C) are D) is12. A) except B) but C) for D) on13. A) idea B) weaknessC) strength D) advantage14. A) make B) take C) do D) give15. A) As B) Till C) Over D) Out16. A) deal B) dealtC) be dealt D) dealing17. A) learnt B) learnedC) learning D) learn18. A) around B) toC) from D) beside19. A) to B) onto C) into D) with20. A) intelligence B) workC) attitude D) weakness1小题>、【正确答案】：C2小题>、【正确答案】：A3小题>、【正确答案】：B4小题>、【正确答案】：B5小题>、【正确答案】：A6小题>、【正确答案】：C7小题>、【正确答案】：D8小题>、【正确答案】：C9小题>、【正确答案】：D10小题>、【正确答案】：C11小题>、【正确答案】：D12小题>、【正确答案】：B13小题>、【正确答案】：B14小题>、【正确答案】：B15小题>、【正确答案】：A16小题>、【正确答案】：D17小题>、【正确答案】：C18小题>、【正确答案】：B19小题>、【正确答案】：A20小题>、【正确答案】：C【参考解析】：无三、阅读理解第3题：It is 4 o‟clock in the early morning.Everything but the computing room on the campus of the university appears as quiet and misty as the mysterious hell. In the computing room, 30 students crumpled with blurred eyes, sit still at their desk, thumping the dirty and worn keys. Staring at the colorful screen, they tap continuously for hours. For the other parts in the world, it might be in the midst of the night, nevertheless here time represents nothing. It is an utterly enclosed field. These young computer “hackers” are tracing a sort of stimulus; a drive so exciting and absorbing it downplays nearly anything else in their lives and founds as the focus their being. They are compelled computer programmers. Some of these students have been glued to the console for no less than twenty hours even with no break for meals or rest. Some have been sleeping on sofas and lounge chairs in the computing room, trying to struggle for a few moments‟rest but hate to get too far away from their addicted machines.It is no necessary for most of these students to be at the computing room in the middle of the night. What they are working belong to no assignments. They remain there because they desire to be—they can not resist the attraction of the computers.Furthermore they are in groups instead of alone. There are hackers at computing rooms all over the country. In the unimaginable way, they focus on nothing but computer. They escape from schooling and live beyond friendship; they might have difficulty being employed, choosing to travel from one computing room to another. They may even abandon personal health.“There is one hacker in my memory. We actually had to lift him away from his c hair to feed him and arrange him to rest and sleep. We truly worried about his health,” says a computing science professor at California University.Professors of computer science are nowadays shedding more light on this hacker phenomenon and are on the watch for latent hackers and more and more severe computer addictives. They are sober that hackers are not simply resulted from the close relationship with a machine. It is the result of social relationship with the attractive thinking machines, which are becoming nearly universal1. We can learn from the passage that those at the computing room in the middle of the night are .A) students working on a programB) students using computers to amuse themselvesC) hard-working computer science majorsD) students deeply fascinated by the computer2. Which of the following is NOT true of those young computer “hackers”?A) Most of them are top students majoring in computer programming.B) For them, computer programming is the sole purpose for their life.C) They can stay with the computer at the centre for nearly two days on end.D) Their “love” for the computer is so deep that they want to be near their machines even when they sleep.3. It can be reasonably inferred from the passage that .A) the“hacker”phenomenon exists only at university computing roomsB) university computing rooms are open to almost everyoneC) university computing rooms are expecting outstanding programmers out of the“hackers”D) the“hacker”phenomenon is partly attributable to the deficiency of the computing rooms4.The author‟s attitude towards the “hacker” phenomenon can be described as .A) affirmative B) contemptuous C) anxious D) disgusted5. Which of the following may be the most appropriate title for the passage?A) The Charm of Computer ScienceB) A New Type of Electronic ToysC) Compulsive Computer ProgrammersD) Computer Addicts1小题>、【正确答案】：D2小题>、【正确答案】：A3小题>、【正确答案】：B4小题>、【正确答案】：C5小题>、【正确答案】：D【参考解析】：1. D 细节理解题文章的第二段提到“What t hey are working belong to no assignments. They remain there because they desire to be—they can not resist the attraction of the computers.”表明这些学生是由于无法抗拒电脑的诱惑而非做作业才彻夜呆在电脑前的。

2008年12月大学英语四级考试真题Part I Writing（30 minutes）Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Limiting the Use of Disposable Plastic Bag.You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below.1.一次性塑料袋的使用2.使用一次性塑料袋带来的问题3.限制一次性塑料袋的意义Limiting the Use of Disposable Plastic Bag__________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ ________Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions:In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1.For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choicesmarked [A], [B], [C] and [D].For questions 8 -10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.That’s enough, kidsIt was a lovely day at the park and Stella Bianchi was enjoying the sunshine with her two children when a young boy, aged about four, approached her two-year-old son and pushed him to the ground.“I’d watched him for a little while and my son was the fourth or fifth child he’d shoved,” she says.” I went over to them, picked up my son, turned to the boy and said, firmly, ’No, we don’t push,” What happened next was unexpected.“The boy’s mother ran toward me from across the park,” Stel la says,” I thought she was coming over to apologize, but instead she started shouting at me for disciplining her child, All I did was let him know his behavior was unacceptable. Was I supposed to sit back while her kid did whatever he wanted, hurting othe r children in the process?”Getting your own children to play nice is difficult enough. Dealing with other people’s children has become a minefield.In my house, jumping on the sofa is not allowed. In mysister’s house it’s encouraged. For her, it’s about kids being kids: “If you can’t do it at three, when can you do it?”Each of these philosophies is valid and, it has to be said, my son loves visiting his aunt’s house. But I find myself saying “no” a lot when her kids are over at mine. That’s OK between si sters but becomes dangerous territory when you’re talking to the children of friends or acquaintances.“Kids aren’t all raised the same,” agrees Professor Naomi White of Monash University.” But there is still an idea that they’re the property of the parent. We see our children as an extension of ourselves, so if you’re saying that my child is behaving inappropriately, then that’s somehow a criticism of me.”In those circumstances, it’s difficult to know whether to approach the child directly or the parent first. There are two schools of thought.“I’d go to the child first,” says Andrew Fuller, author of Tricky Kids. Usually a quiet reminder that ’we don’t do that here’ is enough. Kids nave finely tuned antennae (直觉) for how to behave in different settings.”He points out bringing it up with the parent first may make them feel neglectful, which could cause problems. Of course,approaching the child first can bring its own headaches, too.This is why White recommends that you approach the parents first. R aise your concerns with the parents if they’re there and ask them to deal with it,” she says.Asked how to approach a parent in this situation, psychologist Meredith Fuller answers: “Explain your needs as well as stressing the importance of the friendship. Preface your remarks with something like: ’I know you’ll think I’m silly but in my house I don’t want…’”When it comes to situations where you’re caring for another child, white is straightforward: “common sense must prevail. If things don’t go well, then have a chat.”There’re a couple of new grey areas. Physical punishment, once accepted from any adult, is no longer appropriate. “A new set of considerations has come to the fore as part of the debate about how we handle children.”For Andrew Fuller, the child-centric nature of our society has affected everyone:” The rules are different now from when today’s parents were growing up,” he says, “Adults are scared of saying: ’don’t swear’, or asking a child to stand up on a bus. They’re worried that there will be conflict if they point these things out – either from older children, ortheir parents.”He sees it as a loss of the sense of common public good and public courtesy (礼貌), and says that adults suffer form it as much as child.Meredith Fuller agrees: “A code of conduct is hard to create when you’re living in a world in which everyone is exhausted from overwork and lack of sleep, and a world in which nice people are perceived to finish last.”“I t’s about what I’m doing and what I need,” Andrew Fuller s ays. ”the days when a kid came home from school and said, “I got into trouble”. And dad said, ‘you probably deserved it’. Are over. Now the parents are charging up to the school to have a go at teachers.”This jumping to our children’s defense is part of what fuels the “walking on eggshells” feeling that surrounds our dealings with other people’s children. You know that if you remonstrate(劝诫) with the child, you’re going to have to deal with the parent. It’s admirable to be protective of our kids, but is it good?“Children have to learn to negotiate the world on their own, within reasonable boundaries,” White says. “I suspect that it’s only certain sectors of the population doing therunning to the school –better –educated parents are probably more likely to be too involved.”White believes our notions of a more child-centered, it’a way of talking about treating our children like commodities(商品). We’re centered on them but in ways that reflect positively on us. We treat them as objects whose appearance and achievements are something we can be proud of, rather than serve the best interests of the children.”One way over-worked, under-resourced parents show commitment to their children is to leap to their defence. Back at the park, Bianchi’ intervention(干预) on her son’ behalf ended in an undignified exchange of insulting words with the other boy’ mother.As Bianchi approached the park bench where she’d been sitting, other mums came up to her and congratulated her on taking a stand. “Apparently the boy had a long standing reputation for bad behaviour and his mum for even worse behaviour if he was challenged.”Andrew Fuller doesn’t believe that we should be afraid of dealing with other people’s kids. “look at kids that aren’t your own as a potential minefield,” he s ays. He recommends that we don’t stay silent over inappropriate behaviour,particularly with regular visitors.1. What did Stella Bianchi expect the young boy’s mother to do when she talked to him?A) make an apologyB) come over to interveneC) discipline her own boyD) take her own boy away2. What does the author say about dealing with other people’s children?A) it’s important not to hurt them in any wayB) it’s no use trying to stop their wrongdoingC) it’s advisable to treat them as one’s own kidsD) it’s possible for one to get into lots of trouble3. According to professor Naomi white of Monash university, when one’s kids are criticized, their parents will probably feel___________________________A) discouragedB) hurtC) puzzledD) overwhelmed4. Wh at should one do when seeing other people’s kids misbehave according to Andrew fuller?A) talk to them directly in a mild wayB) complain to their parents politelyC) simply leave them aloneD) punish them lightly5. Due to the child-centric nature of our society, ______________________A) parents are worried when their kids swear at themB) people think it improper to criticize kids in publicC) people are reluctant to point our kids’ wrongdoingsD) many conflicts arise between parents and their kids6. In a world where everyone is exhausted from over work and lack of sleep,____________________________A) it’s easy for people to become impatientB) it’s difficult to create a code of conductC) it’s important to be friendly to everybodyD) it’s hard for peop le to admire each other7. How did people use to respond when their kids got into trouble at school?A) they’d question the teachersB) they’d charge up to the schoolC) they’d tell the kids to clam downD) They’d put the blame on their kids8. Professor white believes that the notions of a more child-centred society should be____________________9. According to professor white, today’s parents treat their children as something they___________________10. Andrew fuller suggests that , when kids behave inappropriately, people should not______________________ Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D], and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.11. A)Only true friendship can last long.B)Letter writing is going out of style.C)She keeps in regular touch with her classmates.D)She has lost contact with most of her old friends.12. A) A painter. C) A porter.B) A mechanic. D) A carpenter.13. A) Look for a place near her office. C) Make inquiries elsewhere.B) Find a new job down the street. D) Rent the $600 apartment.14. A) He prefers to wear jeans with a larger waist.B) He has been extremely busy recently.C) He has gained some weight lately.D) He enjoyed going shopping with Jane yesterday.15. A)The woman possesses a natural for art.B) Women have a better artistic taste than men.C) He isn’t good at abstract thinking.D) He doesn’t like abstract paintings.16. A) She c ouldn’t have left her notebook in the library.B) she may have put her notebook amid the journals.C) she should have made careful notes while doing reading.D) she shouldn’t have read his notes without his knowing it.17. A)she wants to get some sleep C) she has a literature class to attendB) she needs time to write a paper D)she is troubled by her sleep problem18. A)He is confident he will get the job.B)His chance of getting the job is slim.C)It isn’t easy to find a qualified sales manager.D)The interview didn’t go as well as he expected. Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. A)He can manage his time more flexibly.B)He can renew contact with his old friends.C)He can concentrate on his own projects.D)He can learn to do administrative work.20. A)Reading its ads in the newspapers.B)Calling its personnel department.C)Contacting its manager.D)Searching its website.21. A)To cut down its production expenses.B)To solve the problem of staff shortage.C)To improve its administrative efficiency.D)To utilize its retired employees’ resources.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.22. A)Buy a tractor.B)Fix a house.C)See a piece of property.D)Sing a business contract.23. A)It is only forty miles form where they live.B)It is a small one with a two-bedroom house.C)It was a large garden with fresh vegetables.D)It has a large garden with fresh vegetables.24. A)Growing potatoes will involve less labor.B)Its soil may not be very suitable for corn.C)It may not be big enough for raising corn.D)Raising potatoes will be more profitable.25. A)FinancesB)EquipmentC)LaborD)ProfitsSection BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.26 A) To introduce the chief of the city’s police forceB)To comment on a talk by a distinguished guestC)To address the issue of community securityD)To explain the functions of the city council27 A)He has distinguished himself in city managementB)He is head of the International Police ForceC)He completed his higher education abroadD)He holds a master’s degree in criminology28 A)To coordinate work among police departmentsB)To get police officers closer to the local peopleC)To help the residents in times of emergencyD)To enable the police to take prompt action29 A)PopularB)discouragingC)effectiveD)controversialPassage TwoQuestions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.30 A)people differ greatly in their ability to communicateB)there are numerous languages in existenceC)Most public languages are inherently vagueD)Big gaps exist between private and public languages31 A)it is a sign of human intelligenceB)in improves with constant practiceC)it is something we are born withD)it varies from person to person32 A)how private languages are developedB)how different languages are relatedC)how people create their languagesD)how children learn to use languagePassage ThreeQuestions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.33 A)she was a tailorB)she was an engineerC)she was an educatorD)she was a public speaker34.A)Basing them on science-fiction movies.B) Including interesting examples in themC) Adjusting them to different audiencesD) Focusing on the latest progress in space science35.A) Whether spacemen carry weaponsB) How spacesuits protect spacemenC) How NASA trains its spacemenD) What spacemen cat and drinkSection CDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.Crime is increasing world wide. There is every reason to believe the (36)____will continue through the next few decades.Crime rates have always been high in multicultural, industrialized societies such as the United States, but a new (37) ____has appeared on the world (38)____rapidly rising crime rates in nations that previously reported few(39)____. Street crimes such as robbery, rape (40) ___and auto theft are clearly rising (41)___in eastern European countries such as Hungary and in western European nations such as the united Kingdom.What is driving this crime (42)____?There are no simple answers. Still，there are certain conditions(43) _______with rising crime increasing heterogeneity (混杂) of populations, greater cultural pluralism, higher immigration, democratization of government,(44) _________________________________________________.These conditions are increasingly observable around the world. For instance, cultures that were previously isolated and homogeneous(同种类的) ,such as Japan, Denmark and Greece (45)______________________.Multiculturalism can be a rewarding, enriching experience, but it can also lead to a clash of values. Heterogeneity in societies will be the rule in the twenty-first century, and (46)_______________________Part IV Reading Comprehension （Reading in Depth）（25 minutes）Section AQuestion 47-56A bookless life is an incomplete life. Books influence the depth and breadth of life. They meet the natural______47_____for freedom, for expression, for creativity and beauty of life. Learners, therefore, must have books, and the right type of book, for the satisfaction of theirneed. Readers turn______48_____ to books because their curiosity concerning all manners of things, their eagerness to share in the experiences of others and their need to ____49 _____ from their own limited environment lead them to find in books food for the mind and the spirit. Through their reading they find a deeper significance to life as books acquaint them with life in the world as it was and it is now. They are presented with a __50 _____ of human experiences and come to ___51 ____ other ways of thought and living. And while ____52 ____ their own relationships and responses to life , the readers often find that the ___53__ in their stories are going through similar adjustments, which help to clarify and give significance to their own.Books provide ___54 ____ material for readers’ imagination to grow. Imagination is a valuable quality and a motivating power, and stimulates achievement. While enriching their imagination, books __55 ____their outlook, develop a fact-finding attitude and train them to use leisure ___56 ___. The social and educational significance of the readers’ books cannot be overestimated in an academic library.A. AbundantB. CharactersC. CommunicatingD. CompletelyE. DeriveF. DesireG. DiversityH. EscapeI. EstablishingJ. NarrowK. NaturallyL. PersonnelM. ProperlyN. RespectO. WidenSection BDirections:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.If you are a male and you are reading this ,congratulations: you are a survivor .According to statistics .you are more than twice as likely to die of skin cancer than a woman ,and nine times more likely to die of AIDS. Assuming you make it to the end of your natural term, about 78 years for men in Australia, you will die on average five years before a woman.There are many reasons for this-typically, men take more risks than woman and are more likely to drink and smoke but perhaps more importantly, men don’t go to the doctor.“Men aren’t seeing doctors as often as they should, ” says Dr. Gullotta, “This is particularly so for the over-40s,when diseases tend to strike.”Gullotta says a healthy man should visit the doctor every year or two. For those over 45,it should be at least once a year.Two months ago Gullotta saw a 50-year-old ma who had delayed doing anything about his smoker’s cough for a year.“When I finally saw him it had already spread and he has since died from lung cancer” he says, “Earlier detection and treatment may not have cured him, but it would have prolonged this life”According to a recent survey, 95%of women aged between 15 and early 40s see a doctor once a year, compared to 70% of menin the same age group.“A lot of men think they are invincible （不可战胜的）”Gullotta says “They only come in when a friend drops dead on the golf course and they think” Geez, if it could happen to him.Then there is the ostrich approach,” some men are scared of what might be there and would rather not know, ” says Dr. Ross Cartmill.“Most men get their cars serviced more regularly than they service their bodies,” Cartmill says .He believes most diseases that commonly affect men could be addressed by preventive check-ups.Regular check-ups for men would inevitably place strain on the public purse, Cartmill says.” But prevention is cheaper in the long run than having to treat the diseases. Besides, the ultimate cost is far greater: it is called premature death.”57.Why does the author congratulate his male readers at the beginning of the passage?A. They are more likely to survive serious diseases today.B. Their average life span has been considerably extended.C. They have lived long enough to read this article.D. They are sure to enjoy a longer and happier live.58.What does the author state is the most important reason men die five years earlier on average than women?A. men drink and smoke much more than womenB. men don’t seek medical care as often as womenC. men aren’t as cautions as women in face of dangerD. men are more likely to suffer from fatal diseases59. Which of the following best completes the sentence “Geez, if it could happen to him…’(line2,para,8)?A. it could happen to me, tooB. I should avoid playing golfC. I should consider myself luckyD. it would be a big misfortune60what does Dr. Ross Cartmill mean by “the ostrich approach”(line q para.9)A. a casual attitude towards one’s health conditionsB. a new therapy for certain psychological problemsC. refusal to get medical treatment for fear of the pain involvedD. unwillingness to find out about one’s disease because of fear61. What does Cartmill say about regular check-ups for men?A.They may increase public expensesB.They will save money in the long runC.They may cause psychological strains on menD.They will enable men to live as long as womenPassage TwoQuestions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.High-quality customer service is preached(宣扬) by many ,but actually keeping customers happy is easier said than doneShoppers seldom complain to the manager or owner of a retail store, but instead will alert their friends, relatives, co-workers, strangers-and anyone who will listen.Store managers are often the last to hear complaints, and often find out only when their regular customers decide t frequent their competitors, according to a study jointly conducted by Verde group and Wharton school“Storytelling hurts retailers and entertains consumers,” said Paula Courtney, President of the Verde group.” the store loses the customer, but the shopper must also find a replacement.”On average, every unhappy customer will complain to at least four other, and will no longer visit the specific store for every dissatisfied customer, a store will lose up to threemore due to negative reviews. The resulting “snowball effect” can be disastrous to retailers.According to the research, shoppers who purchased clothing encountered the most problems. ranked second and third were grocery and electronics customers.The most common complaints include filled parking lots, cluttered (塞满了的) shelves, overloaded racks, out-of-stock items, long check-out lines, and rude salespeople.During peak shopping hours, some retailers solved the parking problems by getting moonlighting（业余兼职的）local police to work as parking attendants. Some hired flag wavers to direct customers to empty parking spaces. This guidance eliminated the need for customers to circle the parking lot endlessly, and avoided confrontation between those eyeing the same parking space.Retailers can relieve the headaches by redesigning store layouts, pre-stocking sales items, hiring speedy and experienced cashiers, and having sales representatives on hand to answer questions.Most importantly, salespeople should be diplomatic and polite with angry customers.“Retailers who’re responsive and friendly are morelikely to smooth over issues than those who aren’t so friendly.” said Professor Stephen Hoch. “Maybe something as sim ple as a greeter at the store entrance would help.”Customers can also improve future shopping experiences by filing complaints to the retailer, instead of complaining to the rest of the world. Retailers are hard-pressed to improve when they have no idea what is wrong.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答62. Why are store managers often the last to hear complaints?A Most customers won’t bother to complain even if they have had unhappy experiences.B Customers would rather relate their unhappy experiences to people around them.C Few customers believe the service will be improved.D Customers have no easy access to store managers.63. What does Paula Courtney imply by saying “ … the shopper must also find a replacement” (Line 2, Para. 4)?A New customers are bound to replace old ones.B It is not likely the shopper can find the same products in other stores.C Most stores provide the sameD Not complaining to the manager causes the shopper some troubletoo.64. Shop owners often hire moonlighting police as parking attendants so that shoppers_____A can stay longer browsing in the storeB won’t have trouble parking their carsC won’t have any worries about securityD can find their cars easily after shopping65. What contributes most to smoothing over issues with customers?A Manners of the salespeopleB Hiring of efficient employeesC Huge supply of goods for saleD Design of the store layout.66. To achieve better shopping experiences, customers are advised to _________.A exert pressure on stores to improve their serviceB settle their disputes with stores in a diplomatic wayC voice their dissatisfaction to store managers directlyD shop around and make comparisons between storesPart V Cloze （15 minutes）Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. Foreach blank there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C]and [D] on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Playing organized sports is such a common experience in the United States that many children and teenagers that them for granted. This is especially true__67__children from families and communities that have the resources needed to organize and__68__sports programs and make sure that there is easy__69__to participation opportunities. Children in low-income families and poor communities are__70__likely to take organized youth sports for granted because they often__71__the resources needed to pay for participation__72__, equipment, and transportation to practices and games__73__ their communities do not have resources to build and__74__sports fields and facilities.Organized youth sports__75__appeared during the early 20th century in the United States and other wealthy nations. They were originally developed__76__some educators and developmental experts__77__that the behavior and character of children were__78__influenced by their social surrounding andeveryday experiences. This__79__many people to believe that if you could organize the experiences of children in__80__ways, you could influence the kinds of adults that those children would become.This belief that the social__81__influenced a person’s overall development was very__82__to people interested in progress and reform in the United States__83__the beginning of the 20th century. It caused them to think about__84__they might control the experiences of children to__85__responsible and productive adults. They believed strongly that democracy depended on responsibility and that a__86__capitalist economy depended on the productivity of worker.67. A. among B. within C. on D. towards68. A. spread B. speed C. spur D. sponsor69. A. access B. entrance C. chance D. route70 A. little B. less C. more D. much71. A. shrink B. tighten C. limit D. lack72. A. bill B accounts C. fees D. fare73. A. so B. as C. and D. but74. A. maintain B. sustain C. contain D. entertain75.A. last B. first C. later D. finally76.A. before B. while C. until D. when。

快速阅读1. A2. D3. B4. A5. C6. B7. D8. challenged9. can be proud of10. stay silent听力11. D) She has lost contact with most of her old friends.12. D) A painter.13. C) Make inquires elsewhere.14. C) He has gained some weight lately.15. D) He doesn't like abstract paintings.16. B) She may have put her notebook amid the journals.17. A) She wants to get some sleep.18. B) His chance of getting the job is slim.19. A He can manage his time more flexible.20. D Searching its website.21. D To utilize its retired employee's resources.22 C See a piece of property.23. B It is a small one with a two-bedroom house.24. C It may now be big enough for raising corn.25. A Finances.26. A) To introduce the chief of the city' police force.27. D) He holds a master's degree in criminology.28. B) To get police officers closer to the local people.29. C) Effective.30. B) There are numerous languages in existence.31. C) It is something we are born with.32. D) How children learn to use language.33. B) She was an engineer.34. C) Adjusting them to different audiences.35. A) Whether spacemen carry weapons.36 trend37 phenomenon38 scene39 offenses40 murder41 particularly42 explosion43 associated44 changing national borders, greater economic growth, and the lack of accepted social ideas of right and wrong45 are now facing the sort of cultural variety that has been common in America formost of its history46 failure to recognize and plan for such diversity can lead to serious crime problems阅读47. F/ desire48. K/ naturally49. H/ escape50. G/ diversity51. N/ respect52. I/ establishing53. B/ characters54. A/ abundant55. O/ widen56. M/ properly57 A they are more likely to survive serious diseases today.58 B men don't seek medical care as often as women,59 D it would be a big misfortune.60 D unwillingness to find out about one's decease because of fear.61 B they will save money in the long run.62 B customer would rather relate their unhappy experiences to people around them.63 A new customer are bound to replace old ones.64 B won't have to trouble parking their cars.65 A manners of the salespeople66 C voice their dissatisfaction to store managers directly.完型67. A. among68. D. sponsor69. A. access70. B. less71. D. lack72. C. fees73. B. as74. A. maintain75. B. first76. D. when77. A. realized78. C. strongly79. D. led80. C. particular81. B. environment82. A. encouraging83. D. at84. B. how85. C. produce86. A. growing翻译87. to which they presently haven’t yet found any solutions88. What most parents are concerned about89. in case it gets cold90. decided to run their own businesses91. until a doctor found it by accident。

2008年12月大学英语四级考试试题解析Part I Writing* 解题思路1. 审解题目：本文为问题解决类作文。

首先提出一种社会现象；然后对这一现象所带来的问题进行分析和阐述；最后对解决这一问题的方法进行论述：赞成或反对。

2. 写作步骤：本文为提纲式作文，写作应按照试卷上给出的汉语提纲进行，分三段将所涉及内容论述清楚：第一段：引出一次性塑料袋在人们生活中广泛使用的现象；第二段：列举使用一次性塑料袋带来的问题；第三段：对限制使用一次性塑料袋这一政策阐述自己的观点：可以支持以上观点，并进行总结强调；也可以否定以上观点，并提出反对理由。

范文：Limiting the Use of Disposable Plastic BagsPlastic bags have been an indispensable part of our daily life for many years. But recently the problems of using disposable plastic bags have been brought into people’s concern.Although plastic bags have brought great convince to people, it has also caused a lot of problems. First of all, the use of disposable plastic bags causes great harm to our environment. As these bags can not be discomposed, they pollute the field and water. Besides, plastic bags do harm to people’s health as well, because they are made of chemical materials which may contamin ate our food. What’s more, the over use of plastic bags is also a kind of waste of resources.Therefore, limiting the use of disposable plastic bags is of great significance. This policy not only enhances people’s awareness of environmental protection, but also reduce the waste of resources. In short, we should do our best to limit the use of plastic bags for ourselves and for the next generation.经典句式:1. Recently, the problem of … has become the focus of the public concern.2. It is important to poin t out that…3. On one hand, … . On the other hand, …4. Obviously, if we don’t control the problem, the chances are that …5. First of all, … . Besides, …. What’s more, …6. … is of great significance.7. It is high time that we put an end to …Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)* 解题思路1. 【答案】 A【解析】本题的定位信息是Stella Bianchi, 答案来自第三段第一句Stella says, “I thought she was coming over to apologize, but instead she started shouting at me for ‘disciplinin g her child’”. 意思是：Stella说：“我原以为她是过来是要道歉的，但是相反由于我“教育她的孩子”，她却冲我大喊大叫。