中美贸易摩擦实例(英文)

国际贸易英文案例及解析1. A Chinese exporter signed a CFR contract with an importer in American on canned meat for an amount of US$50000,with payment by D/P at sight. On the morning of May 5,2006,the goods were all loaded onto the named vessel. The Chinese salesperson in charge of this contract was so busy that he forgot to send the buyer the shipping advice until the next morning. Unexpectedly, when the American importer went to the local insurance company to insure the goods, the insurance company had already learned that the ship suffered a wreck on May 6 and refused to insure the shipment. The American importer immediately sent a fax to the Chinese exporter saying "owing to your delayed shipping advice, we are unable to insure the goods. Since the vessel has been destroyed in a wreck, the loss of goods should be for your account. At the same time, you should compensate our profit and expense losses which amount to US$50000."Soon all the shipping documents sent through the collecting bank were returned to the Chinese exporter ,for the reason that the importer refused to take up the shipping documents. Who should be responsible for the loss and why?The Chinese should be responsible for the loss. As per the clause of CFR term, the exporter is responsible for notifying the shipping details ASAP and the importer can arrange the insurance in time. If the notify delayed and cause the loss without insurance covering, the exporter must bear the loss.2.A Chinese international trade company exported a batch of walnut to England on the basis of CIF London.As it was a seasonal commodity,it was stipulated in the contract that the covering L/C should reach the seller before the end of September.The seller guaranteed that the vessel would reach the port of destination not latter than December 2.If the vessel reached the port of destination later than that day,the buyer was entitled to cancel the contract.In case the payment had been made,the seller should return the payment to the buyer .Then,where do you think the crux lies in this case?In this case, the crux lies is the date of reaching the destination.Because it is normal for vessel delay on sea shipment. The seller cannot control the shipping times on the sea. So the L/C should amend for the reach time, instead of the departure time.。

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文档下载后可定制随意修改，请根据实际需要进行相应的调整和使用，谢谢!并且，本店铺为大家提供各种各样类型的实用资料，如教育随笔、日记赏析、句子摘抄、古诗大全、经典美文、话题作文、工作总结、词语解析、文案摘录、其他资料等等，如想了解不同资料格式和写法，敬请关注!Download tips: This document is carefully compiled by theeditor. I hope that after you download them,they can help yousolve practical problems. The document can be customized andmodified after downloading,please adjust and use it according toactual needs, thank you!In addition, our shop provides you with various types ofpractical materials,such as educational essays, diaryappreciation,sentence excerpts,ancient poems,classic articles,topic composition,work summary,word parsing,copyexcerpts,other materials and so on,want to know different data formats andwriting methods,please pay attention!The trade war between China and the US has really had a big impact. It's affected a lot of industries and people's lives.There are so many aspects to consider. Different companies and sectors have been hit differently.It's not just about economics. There are also political and strategic elements involved.The situation is complex and it's hard to predict exactly how it will all play out.Lots of discussions and negotiations are going on totry and find a way forward.People are worried about the future and what it means for them.Everyone hopes for a better outcome and a resolution that works for both sides.。

中美贸易摩擦（Sino-US trade friction）Chinese factors have promoted the rise of the United StatesOn November 15th, President Obama paid a state visit to china. How to avoid trade friction between China and the United States is also an important topic of Obama's trip. Some people in the United States believe that China's large trade surplus with the United States has contributed to the rapid development of China's economy. In fact, today's Sino US trade is a win-win situation for both countries. More than 200 years ago, the newly independent America gained more and greater benefits from its trade with china.1., the United States faces many difficulties after independenceIn November 1782, after 6 years of the war of independence, the United States received the British recognition in the Treaty of Paris. During the war of independence, many states in the United States issued large amounts of paper money to pay for their military expenses, causing serious inflation, and armed revolt against poor citizens and white indentured slaves broke out everywhere. Not only that, but in the early days of independence, the United States faced three difficulties: backward manufacturing, social poverty and tight government revenues. The United States was the lack of an independent system of light industry, per capita industrialization level is much lower than that of Britain and France and other countries in Western Europe, is also lower than China, urban and rural residents can not self necessities of life (for example, before 1840s, the United States can not be large-scaleproduction of porcelain).The harsh international environment has exacerbated the difficulties in the United states. In retaliation for the United States, the United Kingdom not only cancelled all trade preferences for the 13 colonies in North America, but also deliberately raised tariffs on American goods and prohibited American ships from entering Canada and the West indies. Against this background, the ruling elite of the United States turned their attention to the developed, affluent and friendly Eastern powers, China, in their minds.2. Guangzhou residents said the "Citi china"In 1784, under the support of the U.S. government, sailing "China empress of departure from New York, the ship loaded with ginseng, leather, sweater, pepper, cotton, lead and silver goods, with the U.S. government certificate seal cover. The governor of New York, U.S. officials think, "Chinese Queen" will be exposed to China officials at all levels of various important figures, therefore also wrote a series of title certificate: the monarch, the emperor, kings, princes, dukes, earls, barons, and Lord Mayor, members......Six months later, the empress of China arrived at the then China's only maritime trading port, Guangzhou. Guangzhou residents after learning it from a new country, think it's flag there are 13 stars garish, and 13 lines, so the country known as the "American", nicknamed "Citi people" in this country, they shipped ginseng called "Citi ginseng" or "ginseng". Later, even "Citibank" (translated as city bank) was also called"Citibank"".After 4 months, all China empress goods sell, the crew to buy tea, porcelain, silk, ivory carving, lacquer, cinnamon, cinnamon and other goods China gold embroidery, returned to New York in May 1785, and lasted for two months a year. Chinese goods became popular in New York, forming the first "Chinese craze" in American history". George Washington, the first president of the United States, also made a list of some of the goods brought back by the empress of china. The voyage, a total investment of $120 thousand, net profit of $more than 30 thousand. The business agent on a ship called Chinese praised Mao Shan businessmen "intelligent, accurate in the diary, trading punctual", and "good moral character". He submitted a report to the U.S. Congress, called "sailing through the earth with the very Eastern link", Congress on the voyage was satisfied, Samuel Shaw was appointed U.S. ambassador to Guangzhou's first consul.In April 20, 2006, China President Hu Jintao in the United States President Barack Bush in the White House held a welcoming ceremony speech, the one mentioned in the beginning "Chinese empress:" 1784 (Qian Long forty-nine years), American merchant ship "Queen Chinese" across the ocean sea voyage Chinese, opened a prelude to the friendly exchanges between the two peoples."3., China's trade with the United States greatly benefitThe success of the Chinese Queen's maiden voyage made American businessmen feel that direct trade between China and the UnitedStates was indeed profitable. The US government immediately introduced preferential policies such as taxes and subsidies to protect trade with China, and American merchant ships sailed to Guangzhou. The goods bought China businessmen often underfunded American businessman. In this regard, American businessmen believe that Chinese businessmen are "faithful, faithful and reliable" in all transactions and are generous in their compliance with contracts".In 1790, the proportion of trade with China in the United States in foreign trade rose to 1 / 7 ($14.28%), which is even higher than the 2007 China trade accounted for the proportion of American foreign trade (U.S. Commerce Department data released in 2008 12.4%). Since then, the US trade with China has continued to expand. From 1791 to 1841,US trade with China has increased by 6 times.Before 1792, the United States had become China's second largest trading partner, second only to the United kingdom. In 1833, China's total imports from the United States accounted for 19.3% of China's total imports from Europe and the United states. Of course, as foreign trade accounted for a small share of China's total economy, China did not rely on the US market as much as it does today.The massive trade with China has benefited the business, the bourgeoisie, the common people and the government of the United states.As for the ordinary people as producers, the trade with Chinahas brought market demand and income has increased. At the beginning of the Sino US trade, American businessmen learned that the Chinese loved a kind of "fragrant grass roots", so they bought ginseng on a large scale throughout the country. The United States all over the newspapers are filled with the acquisition of ginseng advertising, then along the Hudson River and the new men and women, old and young in the west of England, the hills mining wild ginseng. In the 1804~1829 year, the United States exports 1817 ginseng to China every year. ("burden" is a unit of volume, about 50 kilograms of solid objects.).For ordinary consumers as a consumer, trade with China has also reduced the cost of living and improved the quality of life. 1800~1804 years, Americans bought 68.7% of China's exports of cotton cloth from Guangzhou, and Chinese porcelain was widely regarded by Western businessmen as "goods of extremely high value and low price". In 1797, the average number of Nanjing blue and white tea sets in Guangzhou was 9 cents a piece, and the tableware was 12 cents a piece. Dealer in Philadelphia Woln wrote in 1820: "Chinese porcelain has been replaced by a British vessel, high and middle class all use, even the poorest families can also boast their work after a buy several pieces of porcelain Chinese. The girl got married, almost no dowry send China tea." Therefore, he believes that Chinese goods (porcelain, silk, tea) have become the necessities of the United States, the importance of almost the same as bread.For the commercial bourgeoisie, trade with China is a huge profit (exports of fur, wood, to 10 times the original price to 20 times sold in Guangzhou; the acquisition of Guangzhou in China, in the United States in 2 times the original price forsale), New York, Philadelphia, Boston city merchants, through trade with China realized the original accumulation of capital.At the beginning of the founding of the United States, the high tariff policy of trade protectionism, which accounted for about 1 / 7 of China's total foreign trade, brought huge tax to the US government and eased the financial difficulties. In China for example, the United States government since 1796 on American ships carrying China porcelain 15% levy ad valorem taxes for other countries, China porcelain vessels carrying is 16.5% tax.4. the United States shipbuilding and shipping technology thus developedThe Americans came to Guangzhou when the face is almost unlimited Chinese market, but the industry was also developed, sparsely populated with (independent only about 2000000), higher labor costs, domestic goods are competitive in the market is not much Chinese. As a result, American merchant ships transported a third country cargo to china. In 1825, US exports to China were worth about $5 million 410 thousand (another source called $5 million 500 thousand) for third country goods, worth only $160 thousand, and third country goods were 30 times more expensive than American goods.In search of goods that can be sold in Guangzhou, Americans are active all over the world.In 1787, starting from Boston's "Columbia" and "Washington" around the southern tip of the horn to the northwest coast ofNorth America, with its chisel contained a class of iron tools and buttons, snuffboxes, earrings and other cheap gadgets for Indian sea otter, then go to Guangzhou in exchange for tea, home via Cape of Good Hope. The "alliance", starting from Philadelphia, via South Australia to Guangzhou. At the same time, American businessmen also carry out seals, sandalwood, trade, these goods can be equivalent to the original price 10 times to 30 times the price sold in Guangzhou.Around 1805, American traders began exporting opium to China, and almost all American traders who were trading with China took part in the dirty business. At that time, the main opium producing region, India, was monopolized by the British East India Co, and American businessmen could not afford to encroach on it. American businessmen discovered opium and Persian opium in Turkey. American merchant Astor bought furs from the northwest coast of North America and shipped them to the Mediterranean port of Osman, Turkey's empire, in exchange for opium from Turkey and then shipped opium to china. In the process, as American merchant ships were attacked by pirates, the American Navy entered the Mediterranean, attacked pirates, and attacked the North African seaport city, the first naval operation by the United States navy. In addition, for the British American businessman from India shipped to Guangzhou for sale with opium, commission and 1% from 3% in the bonus.American ocean navigation focusing on opening up China market,The United States has greatly contributed to the development of the shipbuilding industry and shipping technology, American merchant ship speed so that Britain and France's surprise, theQing Dynasty "Guangzhou Customs record" in the United States "ready to ship, as he can do the export country, the beginning of August and September". In 1839, the United States Merchant "Akbar" was created in 109 days to travel from New York to Guangzhou record.In addition, the ocean shipping at that time had a strong military nature. The European and American merchant ships were usually equipped with guns for the purpose of preventing pirate attacks, and the crew of warships and merchant ships often exchanged with each other. In this way, trade with China promoted the American merchant fleet to sail around the world, and gradually accumulated rich experience in navigation, commerce, diplomacy, military affairs and piracy. The American businessman with opium smuggling ship armed against Qing Dynasty Guangdong navy ships, but also accumulated a lot of coastal and estuarine areas of combat experience.5. China knows very little about the United StatesFrom the early rise of the United States, China also gained some economic benefits, but the spread of opium smuggling after a large number of export Chinese wealth in return, is the poison of physical and mental health and undermine social stability in water. Over 50 years of Sino American trade, hundreds of American ships came to China, but no Chinese merchant ship went to the United states. America's growing understanding of China has found that China is just a rich but weak country. However, China's understanding of the United States has been stuck in ignorance, more and more passive.In the first Opium War, the United States remained neutral on the surface, and essentially followed the British aggression against china. In 1844, the United States forced the Qing government to sign the "Sino American Wangxia treaty", the end of the two equal communication history.Since then, Chinese factors in the rise of the United States to continue to exist, such as trade with China has become one of the North American continent, America West and Pacific Islands to China to promote the expansion of textile exports after the American Civil War South economic recovery, Chinese workers for the United States to build the transcontinental Pacific railway.。

中美贸易英文作文范文The trade relationship between China and the United States has always been a topic of great interest and concern. It is a complex and multifaceted issue that involves various aspects such as economics, politics, and culture. In recent years, the trade tensions between the two countries have escalated, leading to a series oftariffs and retaliatory measures. This has had asignificant impact on both economies and has raised questions about the future of their trade relationship.China and the United States are two of the largest economies in the world, and their trade volume is substantial. Both countries have benefited from this trade relationship, as it has allowed them to access new markets, increase their exports, and create jobs. However, there have also been concerns about the trade imbalance between the two countries, with the United States importing more goods from China than it exports. This has led to accusations of unfair trade practices and intellectualproperty theft.The trade tensions between China and the United States have resulted in the imposition of tariffs on a wide range of products. This has affected industries such as manufacturing, agriculture, and technology, and has led to higher prices for consumers. Both countries have retaliated with their own tariffs, creating a cycle of escalation that has had a negative impact on global trade.The trade dispute between China and the United Statesis not just about economics, but also about politics and national security. There are concerns about China's growing influence and its alleged unfair trade practices, as well as its human rights record and its actions in the South China Sea. The United States has taken a tough stance on these issues, imposing sanctions and restrictions on Chinese companies and individuals.The future of the trade relationship between China and the United States is uncertain. Both countries have expressed a desire to reach a trade agreement and resolvetheir differences, but negotiations have been challenging and have not yet produced a comprehensive deal. The ongoing trade tensions have created uncertainty and volatility in the global economy, affecting businesses and investors around the world.In conclusion, the trade relationship between China and the United States is a complex and multifaceted issue that involves various aspects such as economics, politics, and culture. The trade tensions between the two countries have had a significant impact on both economies and have raised questions about the future of their trade relationship. The imposition of tariffs and retaliatory measures has affected industries and consumers, while concerns about unfair trade practices and national security have added to the complexity of the issue. The future of the trade relationship remains uncertain, and negotiations between the two countries continue.。

中美贸易逆差的英语The Persistent Trade Deficit Between China and the United StatesThe trade relationship between China and the United States has been a complex and often contentious one, with the persistent trade deficit between the two countries being a constant source of tension and debate. This imbalance in trade has been a topic of much discussion and analysis, with both countries seeking to understand the underlying causes and find ways to address the issue.One of the primary factors contributing to the trade deficit is the stark difference in the economic structures and development levels of the two countries. China, with its vast population and rapidly growing economy, has become a major manufacturing hub, producing a wide range of goods that are exported to the United States and other countries around the world. In contrast, the United States has a more service-oriented economy, with a significant portion of its GDP coming from the financial, technology, and healthcare sectors.This difference in economic structure has led to a situation where the United States imports a large volume of goods from China, whileexporting a relatively smaller amount of goods and services to the Asian giant. The resulting trade deficit has been a source of concern for policymakers in the United States, who argue that it has contributed to the loss of manufacturing jobs and the decline of certain industries.However, it is important to note that the trade deficit is not solely the result of unfair trade practices or currency manipulation, as some have claimed. Rather, it is a complex issue that is influenced by a variety of factors, including differences in comparative advantage, the global supply chain, and the relative strength of the two economies.For instance, China's comparative advantage in manufacturing and its ability to produce goods at lower costs has allowed it to capture a significant share of the global market, including the United States. This has led to a situation where American consumers have access to a wide range of affordable goods, which has benefited them in terms of increased purchasing power and improved standards of living.At the same time, the global supply chain has become increasingly integrated, with many American companies relying on Chinese suppliers and manufacturers to produce components and finished goods that are then sold in the United States and other markets. This interdependence has made it difficult to simply shift production backto the United States, as doing so would require significant investment in infrastructure, training, and other resources.Furthermore, the relative strength of the two economies has also played a role in the trade deficit. The United States has a large and affluent consumer market, which has made it an attractive destination for Chinese exports. Meanwhile, the Chinese economy has been growing at a rapid pace, with a burgeoning middle class that has increased demand for American goods and services.Despite these complexities, both the United States and China have taken steps to address the trade deficit. The United States has implemented a range of trade policies, including tariffs and other restrictions, in an effort to level the playing field and reduce the imbalance. China, on the other hand, has sought to increase its imports of American goods and services, as well as to encourage its citizens to consume more domestic products.However, these efforts have had limited success, and the trade deficit has persisted. This has led to increased tensions between the two countries, with both sides engaging in a protracted trade war that has had significant economic and political consequences.In conclusion, the persistent trade deficit between China and the United States is a complex and multifaceted issue that cannot beeasily resolved. While both countries have taken steps to address the imbalance, the underlying structural and economic factors that have contributed to the deficit remain in place. Ultimately, finding a sustainable solution to this issue will require a nuanced and collaborative approach, one that takes into account the interests and concerns of both countries and their citizens.。

中美贸易战英语作文The Sino-US Trade War。

In recent years, the trade war between China and the United States has become a hot topic in the international community. The two largest economies in the world have been engaged in a tit-for-tat tariff battle, with both sides imposing tariffs on each other's goods. This has not only affected the two countries' economies, but also had a significant impact on the global economy.The trade war began when the United States accused China of unfair trade practices, such as intellectual property theft and forced technology transfer. In response, the US imposed tariffs on Chinese goods, prompting China to retaliate with tariffs of its own. The situation escalated further when the US blacklisted Chinese tech giant Huawei, and China suspended purchases of US agricultural products.The trade war has had far-reaching consequences forboth countries. In the United States, the tariffs have ledto higher prices for consumers and disrupted supply chains for businesses. In China, the economy has also been affected, with exports declining and businesses facing uncertainty. The trade war has also had a ripple effect on other countries, as global trade has slowed and investment has been put on hold.Despite the negative impact of the trade war, bothChina and the United States have shown a willingness to negotiate and find a resolution. In December 2019, the two countries reached a "phase one" trade deal, which included commitments from China to purchase more US goods andaddress intellectual property concerns. However, the trade war is far from over, and both sides continue to engage in talks to resolve their differences.The trade war between China and the United States has highlighted the importance of fair and open trade practices. It has also underscored the interconnectedness of theglobal economy, and the need for countries to work together to address trade disputes. While the trade war has hadnegative consequences, it has also provided an opportunity for both countries to reevaluate their trade policies and work towards a more balanced and mutually beneficial relationship.In conclusion, the Sino-US trade war has had a significant impact on the global economy, and has highlighted the need for fair and open trade practices. While the trade war has caused disruptions and uncertainty, it has also provided an opportunity for both countries to address their differences and work towards a more balanced trade relationship. It is important for China and the United States to continue engaging in dialogue and negotiations to find a resolution to the trade war, and to ensure that their trade practices are fair and beneficial for both countries.。

中美贸易摩擦论文 HEN system office room 【HEN16H-HENS2AHENS8Q8-HENH1688】中美贸易摩擦现状及对策Research on Current Situation of Sino-America Trade Conflicts andCountermeasures学院：经济学院专业/班级：国际经济与贸易 0701 班学号：学生姓名：指导教师：2011 年 6 月26日摘要近年来，中美贸易摩擦愈演愈烈，中美摩擦已经成为了阻碍中美贸易以及经济发展的绊脚石。

因此，本文尝试对近年的中美贸易摩擦现状和特点进行综述，找出中美贸易摩擦产生的主要原因并提出相应的对策建议。

经研究发现中美贸易摩擦又呈现出了新的特点。

首先，美国针对人民币对美元汇率的立法不断出台。

其次，中美贸易摩擦呈现出多样化、综合化和隐蔽化的特点。

再次，反补贴已经成为了我国面临贸易摩擦的焦点。

中美贸易摩擦的产生是我国、美国和世界环境因素共同作用的结果，导致中美贸易摩擦问题的中方因素主要有：我国政府提供各种各样的鼓励措施，使我国企业出现恶性竞争现象；我国行业协会应对贸易摩擦的机制不完善；我国企业一味追求外贸商品数量上的扩张，“薄利多销”现象广泛存在，自我保护意识差及战略缺乏。

美方因素有：美国国内长期存在“中国威胁论”的论调，担心中国的崛起可能会触动美国自身的利益，因而寄希望与通过一些措施来遏止中国的发展；美国利益集团对中美贸易摩擦的产生起到了推波助澜作用。

另外，这也是由世界经济形势造成的。

因此，需要两国政府和企业及国际社会共同努力来应对中美贸易摩擦的问题。

最根本的解决措施是促使世贸组织贸易规则公平化，我国政府应加强与美国政府及相关利益集团的协商及联系，同时调整完善经济贸易政策，扩大内需，发展内向型经济，学会运用WTO贸易规则。

关键词:中美贸易摩擦；贸易保护主义；WTOAbstractSino-US trade frictions are becoming more and more fierce in recent years. Sino-US trade friction has become the barriers of the development of Sino-US trade and paper attempts to describe theSino-US trade friction status and characteristics in recent years so as to identify the main reasons for the Sino-US trade friction andfind out the corresponding countermeasures.After the study ,we found that Sino-US trade frictions are showing new , the The yuan to the dollar exchange rate legislation have been introduced by the , Sino-US trade friction are showing diverse, comprehensive, and concealed features. Third, anti-subsidy has become the focus of Sino-US trade friction.Sino-US trade friction is the result of the comprehensivation of China ,the and environmental factors of the world. Factors fromChina leading to Sino-US trade friction are as following : Our government offers a variety of incentives, Vicious competition in China's enterprises are brought out due to our government offering a variety of trade association’ systems dealing with trade frictions are not very enterprises are on the blind persuit of the increase of goods numbers,and “a large number of goods are for sale at lowprices ” are widespread. The sense of self-protection and strategyof our enterprises are very from the US are: "China threat" has been in the US for a long time .They are worried about the development of China will affect the intrests of their take some measures to curb China's intrests group in the US are playing a important role in promoting Sino-US trade friction. In addition, Sino-US trade friction is also caused by the world economic situation.So the efforts paid by two countries’ orgnization,enterprisesand the world are needed. The key measures to ease Sino-US are : WTO promote the fairness of the trade regulation; Our government should strengthen cooperation with the . government and relevant interest groups in the same, our government should adjust and improve economic and trade government also should expanse domestic demandand develop inward-looking ,we should learn how to use the WTO trade rules.Key words: Sino-US trade fliction; trade protectionism; WTO目录第1章引言选题的背景、目的与意义2008年一场对全球经济具有极大杀伤力的经济危机席卷全球，世界各国采取了各种各样刺激经济增长的措施。