概括大意与完成句子MoreRuralResearchIsNeeded(理工B)(1)

职称英语理工类C类-概括大意与完成句子专项突破(总分：99.84，做题时间：90分钟)一、概括大意与完成句子(总题数：4，分数：100.00)Unlocking the Human Genome (基因组)1．A．project to unlock secrets—what scientist could resist that challenge? This is what many scientists are doing as they work on the Human Genome Project. The aim of the project is to decode (破译) all of the some 100,000 genes in the human body. Scientists are using DNA fingerprinting techniques to do the decoding.2．DNA．is the substance found in the chromosomes (染色体) of a cell. A chromosome is a chain of genes. Each gene carries a piece of genetic information. At any one moment in a cell, thousands of genes are turned on and off to produce proteins (蛋白质). The challenge for scientists is to find out what role each gene plays in protein production. At some point this decoding will be complete. Then scientists will have a map of an ideal genome, or a picture of the total genetic nature of a human being. The ideal genome is called a consensus (交感) genome. Everything works well in a consensus genome.3．But no one in the world has a consensus genome. Everyone's genome is different from the ideal. These differences are referred to as genetic mutations (突变). Genetic mutations in a person's genome mean that the person has a greater than average chance of suffering from health problems. Some problems are not life-threatening. These would include things like colorblindness, or mild headaches. Other problems are serious, such as heart disease, or cancer.4．It will take years to identify the role of each of the 100,000 genes. The short-term goal of the project is to find the physical and mental health problems a person is likely to encounter during his or her lifetime. The long-term goal is to have each person live a longer, healthier life.（分数：24.96）(1).A．How does DNA work?B．What is the Human Genome Project about?C．How are the DNA samples collected?D．What are the goals of the Human Genome Project?E．What is the role of each gene?F．What are the consequences of genetic mutations?Paragraph 1 ______（分数：3.12）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：B）解析：(2).Paragraph 2 ______（分数：3.12）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：E）解析：(3).Paragraph 3 ______（分数：3.12）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：F）解析：(4).Paragraph 4 ______（分数：3.12）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：D）解析：(5).A．that person's healthB．a scientific answerC．scientific researchersD．the genesE．the functionF．the sizeThe Human Genome Project is trying to map all ______ that make us human.（分数：3.12）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：D）解析：(6).Decoding the human genome is a challenge to ______.（分数：3.12）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：C）解析：(7).Genetic mutations in a person's genome may affect ______.（分数：3.12）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：A）解析：(8).Scientists are trying hard to discover ______ of each of the genes in our body.（分数：3.12）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：E）解析：Early Ideas about the Universe1．Early man got his ideas about the universe by looking at the stars as you do. He observed carefully, and learned many things about the sun, the moon, and the stars.2．Suppose you were asked to collect evidence about the sun as early man did. You might go out morning after morning and see it come up in the east. Even on cloudy mornings, you would observe that the darkness goes away and the world becomes light. You might not see the sun but would be sure it is there, because you notice that the earth warms up. As you continued, the sun climbs higher in the sky each day during part of the year. It stays in the sky longer. The earth gets warmer. Things begin to grow. It is spring and then summer.3．After a while the sun stays in the sky for shorter and shorter periods. Many plants begin to die. Leaves fall. Winter comes. Year after year this is repeated and you cannot tell exactly why it happens. But you realize that the sun seems to make the difference. Primitive (原始的) man felt that since the sun was so powerful it must be a god. It may seem silly to us now to worship (崇拜) a sun-god, but primitive man was right about the importance of the sun to life on earth. 4．You have been told that the world is round. But suppose no one had ever taught you that the world was like a huge ball. Would you have ever thought of it yourself? You cannot see the curve (曲线) of the earth at once. You would have no idea of how big it was. That's why early man believed that the earth was small and flat. Such ideas appeared from the evidence they had.5．If you watch the stars night after night, you will see them rise and set. As you look at the sky, it is not difficult to imagine that you are in the center of a vast collection of twinkling (闪烁) lights. Some early astronomers (天文学家) believed the sky was a crystal shell or series of crystal shells, one inside the other. They believed this because that is what the night sky looked like. For many centuries, men believed that the earth was the center of the universe and that the sun, the moon, and the stars circled around it.（分数：24.96）(1).A．Early Ideas about the Sky and the StarsB．The Importance of the Sun to Life on EarthC．Primitive Knowledge of the MoonD．The Sun in Autumn and WinterE．Early Ideas about the EarthF．Collecting Evidence about the SunParagraph 2 ______（分数：3.12）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：F）解析：(2).Paragraph 3 ______（分数：3.12）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：B）解析：(3).Paragraph 4 ______（分数：3.12）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：E）解析：(4).Paragraph 5 ______（分数：3.12）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：A）解析：(5).A．he did not observe the sun carefully enoughB．he could not see its curveC．the sun, the moon and the stars seemed to move around itD．the earth circles around the sunE．it looked like that at nightF．it has power over life on earthEarly man thought the earth was small and flat because ______.（分数：3.12）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：B）解析：(6).Primitive man believed the sun was a god because ______.（分数：3.12）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：F）解析：(7).Early man thought the earth was the center of the universe because ______.（分数：3.12）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：C）解析：(8).Early astronomers believed that the sky was a crystal shell or series of crystal shells because ______.（分数：3.12）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：E）解析：A．Star Is Born1．The VLT (Very Large Telescope) is the world's largest telescope (望远镜) and is taking astronomers (天文学家) further back to the Big Bang than they ever thought possible. Located 2,600 metres up in the Chilean Andes, it has four huge mirrors, each about the size of a London bus. The VLT is so powerful it can spot a burning match 10,000 kilometres away.2．This astonishing power will allow astronomers to see events in space from the birth of stars to the collision (碰撞) of galaxies (星系) on the edge of the cosmos (宇宙). The VLT is giving astronomers their best-ever view of the cosmos. The power of the VLT to see the smallest detail at the furthest distances makes its designers amazed.3．Take the case of Eta Carinae, one of the most explosive stars in the universe. This star produces ultraviolet laser rays (紫外线) and it will destroy itself in a few million years' time. It is five times brighter than the sun and when it explodes it is going to be a sight worth waiting for!4．But it is at distances of millions, even billions, of light years that the VLT really shows its power. The VLT can detect light that set out on its journey before the earth even existed. This gives astronomers their first-ever detailed views of events that took place in the earliestdays of the cosmos.5．In other words, the VLT is a kind of a time machine. It takes astronomers back to a time when complete galaxies crashed into each other. The effects of these past collisions can now be seen by scientists, and astronomers believe the telescope will reveal more about these exciting events in the years to come. One day, we might be able to say we have traveled back to the beginning of time, and we will have a much clearer picture of how our planet was born.（分数：24.96）(1).A．Events that took place before the earth existedB．Power of the telescopeC．Details of Eta CarinaeD．Invention of a time machineE．Biggest telescopeF．Birth of the new worldsParagraph 1 ______（分数：3.12）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：E）解析：(2).Paragraph 2 ______（分数：3.12）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：B）解析：(3).Paragraph 3 ______（分数：3.12）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：C）解析：(4).Paragraph 4 ______（分数：3.12）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：A）解析：(5).A．its detecting powerB．millions of light years away in spaceC．the location of the VLTD．as an exampleE．the birth of the earthF．the rotation of the earthThe VLT will allow scientists to see events ______.（分数：3.12）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：B）解析：(6).The designers of the VLT are surprised at ______.（分数：3.12）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：A）解析：(7).Eta Carinae is taken ______.（分数：3.12）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：D）解析：(8).Scientists believe the VLT will tell us more about ______.（分数：3.12）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：E）解析：Ford1．Ford's great strength was the manufacturing process—not invention. Long before he started a car company, he was a worker, known for picking up pieces of metal and wire and turning them into machines. He started putting cars together in 1891. Although it was by no means the firstpopular automobile, the Model T showed the world just how creative Ford was at combining technology and market.2．The company's assembly line alone threw America's Industrial Revolution into overdrive (高速运转). Instead of having workers put together the entire car, Ford's friends, who were great toolmakers from Scotland, organized teams that added parts to each Model T as it moved down a line. By the time Ford's Highland Park plant was humming (嗡嗡作响) along in 1914, the world's first automatic conveyor belt could turn out a car every 93 minutes.3．The same year Henry Ford shocked the world with the $5-a-day minimum wage scheme, the greatest contribution he had ever made. The average wage in the auto industry then was $2.34 for a 9-hour shift. Ford not only doubled that, he also took an hour off the workday. In those years it was unthinkable that a man could be paid that much for doing something that didn't involve an awful lot of training or education. The Wall Street Journal called the plan "an economic crime", and critics everywhere laughed at Ford.4．But as the wage increased later to daily $10, it proved a critical component of Ford's dream to make the automobile accessible (可及的) to all. The critics were too stupid to understand that because Ford had lowered his costs per car, the higher wages didn't matter—except for making it possible for more people to buy cars.（分数：24.96）(1).A．Ford's opponentsB．The assembly lineC．Ford's great dreamD．The establishment of the companyE．Ford's biggest contributionF．Ford's great talentParagraph 1 ______（分数：3.12）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：F）解析：(2).Paragraph 2 ______（分数：3.12）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：B）解析：(3).Paragraph 3 ______（分数：3.12）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：E）解析：(4).Paragraph 4 ______（分数：3.12）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：C）解析：(5).A．criticized by the mediaB．the low wage in the auto industryC．their lower prices and the higher wagesD．produce cars in large numbersE．the 8-hour shiftF．supported by his friendsThe assembly line made it possible to ______.（分数：3.12）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：D）解析：(6).Ford was the first to adopt ______.（分数：3.12）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：E）解析：(7).Ford's cars became available to ordinary people thanks to ______.（分数：3.12）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：C）解析：(8).Ford's higher-wage and lower-cost strategy was strongly ______.（分数：3.12）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：A）解析：。

Paragraph 1: Methane as a Strong Greenhouse Gas.2.Paragraph 2: Livestock as a Prime Factor of the Greenhouse Effect.3.Paragraph 4: Agriculture Also Contributes to Increased Concentrations of Methane in the Atmosphere.4.Paragraph 5: Why Livestock Releases Methane.5.Methane is one of the major contributors to the intensifying greenhouse effect.6.Greenhouse but the problem mankind is faced with is the ever-increasing atmosphericconcentrations of greenhouse gases.7.Generally people heap criticism on big industries and gas-guzzling vehicles for the planet’s temperature rise.8.Nothing has been mentioned in the passage about how to cut down the cattle populations.：Association of Mass Extinctions with Volcanic Eruptions.2.Paragraph 3：Calculation of the Killing power of Older Eruptions.3.Paragraph 4：A Mass Extinction.4.Paragraph 5：Volcanic Eruptions That Caused no Mass Extinction.5、Older eruptions were more devastating than more recent ones.5.The Permian extinction is used to illustrate the killing efficiency for older eruptions.6.The cause of the extinction of dinosaurs has remained controversial.7.Courtillot rejects Wignall’s calcu lations as acceptable.Paragraph 1: Honour Sagan Enjoyed.2.Paragraph 2: Description of the First Meeting with Sagan.3.Paragraph 3: Sagan in Trouble with Other Scientists.4.Paragraph 5: Sagan’s Criticism on Pseudoscience.5\In Sagan’s opinio n, Velikovsky might be a pseudo- scientist.5.With cosmos and others, Sagan enjoyed his fame as a science populariser.6.From the passage, we may conclude that the author of the passage may be a reporter.7.From the description we know that Sagan was an astronomer.Paragraph 2: The Definition of a Speech Community.2.Paragraph 3: The Composition of the English Community.3.Paragraph 4: The Wide Use of English.4.Paragraph 5: The Advantages of Learning a Second Language.5.Only through the shared language can a speech community be formed.6.The idea of the national boundaries is often different from that of a speech community.7.Speakers are classified into two groups for the sake of simplicity.8.An understanding of English has played an important role in the field of education.Paragraph 1: Ford’s Manufacturing Talent.2.Paragraph 2: Assembly Line Used to Speed up Production.3.Paragraph 3: Ford’s Biggest Contributions.4.Paragraph 4: Ford’s Quest for Making His Cars Accessible to All.5. install in his car plant an assembly line.6.Along with his $5-a-day minimum wage scheme, Ford was the first to practice an 8-hour work shift.7.Ford’s cars were accessible to more car purchasers thanks to their lower prices.8.The U.S. media at that time did n ot welcome Ford’s daily minimum wage scheme.Paragraph 1: Geology and Health Problems.2.Paragraph 3: No Evidence to Indicate Bad Effects of Naturally Contaminated Soil.3.Paragraph 4: Potential Hazards of Human Contaminated Soils.4.Paragraph 6: Research on Channels of Heavy Metals Getting into Human Food Chain.5.Some serious diseases is connected with deficiency of the element of iodine.6.It is extremely necessary to study the long-term effects caused by living on naturally polluted soils.7.Geologists are indispensable in the research project on geology and health due to their knowledge on rock and soil chemistry.8.Industrially contaminated sites usually require a thorough clean-up due to the persistence of heavy metals.Paragraph 1: A Short History of Naming Hurricanes.2.Paragraph 2: No Much Difference Between Hurricane and Typhoon.3.Paragraph 4: Huge Energy Stored in a Hurricane.4.Paragraph 5: Difficulty in Forecasting the Course of a Hurricane.5.ideration of using males and females’ names for hurricanes is sex equality.ing weather satellites can ensure timely discovery of hurricane.7.From the passage we may rightly deduce that energy specialists may be interested in the hurricane’s huge power.8.Scientists cannot predict the course of a hurricane accurately due to its uncertainty.Paragraph 2: Comparing Incoming Sensory Information Against Memories.2.Paragraph 3: Illustration of First Impression.3.Paragraph 4: Comment on First Impression.4.Paragraph 5: Ways of Departure from Immature and Simplistic Impressions.5.Sensory information is one that is perceived through the sights and sounds of the world.6.You interpret the meaning of incoming sensory information.7.the immature form of thinking of a very youngchild.8.We can use our more mature style of thinking thanks to the most complex areas of our cortex.Paragraph 2: Antarctic Frozen Life Sampled and Revived.2.Paragraph 3: Significance of Testing Techniques for Sampling Microbes in the Deep Ice Sheet.3.Paragraph 4: Accidental Discovery of Ice-sealed Lake Water in Antarctica.4.Paragraph 6: 2004 Revisit Planned for Collecting Lake Water Specimens.5.Scientists ignored Lake Vida because they thought that a lake of ice was of little scientific value.6.Scientists expect that the life, if found in deeper water below the ice sheet, may be older than that collected below 39 feet of ice.7.What the scientists will do in 2004 is to collect some briny lake water for analysis.8.The salt concentration in the liquid water of Lake Vida is found to be a great deal higher than that of seawater.Paragraph 2: Effect of Environment on Intelligence.2.Paragraph 4: Main Results of Recent Researches.3.Paragraph 5: A changed View of Intelligence.4.Paragraph 6: Impact on School Education.5.It was once believed that intelligence was something a baby was born with, and thus we can tell how successful she/he will be in the6.More recent researches has shown that intelligence is only partly inherited (出现partly的句子)7、If can be inferred from the passage that a child will have a better chance to develop his intelligence if he has more opportunities to communicate with others by means of language.8、Children were not just born to be more intelligent or less intelligent, but they can be taught to be more intelligent at school.Paragraph 1: Increase in Investment on Agricultural Research.2.Paragraph 3: The Same or Improved Food Supply Situation in 2020.3.Paragraph 4: More Research Funding Needed.4.Paragraph 7: Research Focus on Increased Yield.5.Dr. Fischer claims that agriculture will continue to develop when we use modern technologies and develop new ones.nd can be saved for other purposes if we can drive yield up.7.The investment can be regarded as efficient when strategic research can be utilized worldwide.8.The global decrease in investment should be changed if we want to fight against malnutrition and poverty.Paragraph 2: Harm Screening May Do to a Younger Woman.2.Paragraph 3: Investigating the Effect of Screening.3.Paragraph 4: Effects Predicted by two Different Models.4.Paragraph 5: Small Risk of Inducing Cancers from Radiation.5.Early discovery of breast cancer may save a life.6.Advantages of screening women under 50 are still open to debate.7.Delaying the age at which screening starts may reduce the risk of radiation triggering a cancer.8.Radiation exposure should be reduced to the minimum.Paragraph 2: Working Principle of the io Personal Digital Pen.2.Paragraph 3: Ways to Download the Stored Information.3.Paragraph 5: A Friendly and Convenient Device.4.Paragraph 6: Examples of Other Potential Applications of the io Pen.5.There is no need to learn how to use the io Personal Digital Pen because it works like an ordinary pen.6.If you want to download what you have done with the magic pen, you simply place the pen into its computer-connected cradle.7.The magic pen is particularly convenient when you you don’t have to carry your laptopalong.8.No matter what you write or draw, the movement of your pen is recorded digitally inside the pen.Paragraph 4: Rewards Following the U.S. Financial Injection.2.Paragraph 5: Mir’s Firsts in Scientific Experiments and Space Exploration.3.Paragraph 6: Mir’s Problem Year.4.Paragraph 8: Undeniable Mir’s Achievements.5.Mir enhanced the confidence in the scientists that humans living in space for a long time was quite possible.6.In Mir, the U.S. astronauts created many firsts.7.When we think of Mir in terms of its achievements, its setbacks are nothing.Paragraphs 2 and 3: Cause of Lightning.2.Paragraph 4: Types of Lightning.3.Paragraph 5: Shock Waves as Thunder.4.Paragraph 6: Frequencies of Thunderstorms Occurring in the World and the U.S.5.In most cases of cloud-to-ground lightn ing, the ground’s surface is positively charged.6.One form of lightning that occurs most infrequently is ball lightning.7.Cloud lightning looks like a ribbon when its lightning channel is shifted sideways by strong winds.8.Although not fully understanding processes of lightning, man is equipped with a good knowledge of various forms of lightning.。

职称英语考试题目中综合类概括大意与完成句子（6）职称英语考试题目中综合类概括大意与完成句子（6） 1.paragraph 2______2.paragraph 3______3.paragraph 4______4.paragraph 5______a.earthquake's forecastb.historical records of earthquakesc.intensities of earthquakesd.cause of earthquakese.indications of earthquakesf.damaging earthquakesforecast预测，预告（近义词predict, pre-前面，…之前；-dict 说）fore- 前面cast投掷forehead额头dictionaryintensity强度cause原因indication预示，显示sign标示，预示signs of earthquakes1.every year earthquakes are responsible for a large number of deaths and a vast amount of destruction in various parts of the world. most of these damaging earthquakes our either in a narrow belt which surrounds the pacific ocean or in a line which extends from burma to the alps in europe. some of the destruction is directly caused by the quake itself. an example of this is the collapse of buildings as a result of the quake itself. other damage results from landslides or major fires which are initiated by the quake.2.there are about a million quakes a year. fortunately, however not all of them are destructive. the intensity of an earthquake is measured on the richter scale, which goes from 0 upward. the highest scale recorded to date is 8.9. major damage generally ours from quakes ranging upwards from 6.0.问题：1.paragraph 2___c___答案：c.intensities of earthquakes3.the actual cause of the quake itself is the breaking of rocks at or below the earth's surface. this is produced by pressure which scientists believe may be due to a number of reasons, two of which are the expansion and contraction of the earth's crust and continental drift.问题：2.paragraph 3___d___答案：d.cause of earthquakes4.in order to limit the damage and to prevent some of the suffering resulting from earthquakes, scientists are working on ways to enable aurate prediction. special instruments are used to help people record, for example, shaking of the earth. scientists are trying to find methods that will enable them to indicate the exact time, location and size of an earthquake.suffer v.承受（灾难，痛苦）suffering n.灾难，痛苦result from 由…引起的问题：3.paragraph 4___a___答案：a.earthquake's forecast5.certain phenomena have been observed which are believed to be the signs of imminent earthquakes. these include strange behaviours of some animals, the changes in the content of mineral water, etc. the magic properties of rocks may also display special pattern before major earthquakes happen.phenomena 现象（pl.）phenomenonsignimminent即将到来的问题：4.paragraph 5___e___答案：e.indications of earthquakes5.not all damage during an earthquake is caused___a___a.by the quake itselfb.not be preventedc.to cause damage of property and loss of livesd.of a possible earthquakee.the unusual behaviors of some animalsf.the strong behaviors of human beings答案: a. by the quake itself6.not all earthquakes are strong enough___c___be enough to do sth.the kid is old enough to go to school.the kid has enough money to go to school.property 财物，所拥有的东西答案: c.to cause damage of property and loss of lives warn sb. not to do sth. 警告某人不要做某事warn sb. of sth.i warn him of the fire.7.scientists have been working hard to warn people___d___ 答案: d. of a possible earthquake8.earthquakes can be predicted by observing___e___宾语：名词—名词词组，从句。

第一篇More Than 8 Hours Sleep Too Much of a Good Thing1Although the dangers of too little sleep are widely known, new research suggests that people who sleep too much may also suffer the consequences.2Investigators at the University of California in San Diego found that people who clock up1 9 or 10 hours each weeknight appear to have more trouble falling and staying asleep, as well as a number of other sleep problems, than people who sleep 8 hours a night People who slept only 7 hours each night also said they had more trouble falling asleep and feeling refreshed after a night‘s sleep than 8-hour sleepers.23These findings, which Dr Daniel Kripke reported in the journal Psychosomatic Medicine3, demonstrate that people who want to get a good ni ght‘s rest may not need to set aside4 more than 8 hours a night He added that ―it might be a good idea‖ for people who sleep more than 8 hours each night to consider reducing the amount of time they spend in bed, but cautioned that more research is needed to confirm this.4Previous studies have shown the potential dangers of chronic shortages of sleep — for instance, one report demonstrated that people who habitually sleep less than 7 hours each night have a higher risk of dying within a fixed period than people who sleep more.5For the current report, Kripke reviewed the responses of 1,004 adults to sleep questionnaires, in which participants indicated how much they slept during the week and whether they experienced any sleep problems Sleep problems included waking in the middle of the night, arising early in the morning and being unable to fall back to sleep, and having fatigue interfere with day-to- day functioning5.6Kripke found that people who slept between 9 and 10 hours each night were more likely to report experiencing each sleep problem than people who slept 8 hours In an interview, Kripke noted that long sleepers may struggle to get rest at night simply because they spend too much time in bed As evidence, he added that one way to help insomnia is to spend less time in bed―It stands to reason6 that if a person spends too long a time in bed, then they‘ll spend a higher percentage of time awake,‖ he said.词汇：refresh / r?‘fre?/ v．（使）精力恢复questionnaire / ,kwest??‘ne?(r)/ n．问卷psych osomatic / ,sa?k??s?‘m?t?k / adj．（指疾病）由精神压力引起的fatigue / f?‘ti:g / n．疲劳caution / ‘k?:??n/ v．警告insomnia / ?n‘s?mn??/ n．失眠habitually / h?‘b?tj??l?, - t??-/ adv．习惯地注释：1．clock up：时间达到2．they had more trouble falling asleep and feeling refr eshed after a night‘s sleep than 8-hour sleepers：falling和feeling都是说明trouble的。

职称英语考试题目中综合类概括大意与完成句子（8）职称英语考试题目中综合类概括大意与完成句子（8）职称英语考试题目中综合类概括大意与完成句子（8）1.paragraph 2___c___2.paragraph 3___e___3.paragraph 4___a___4.paragraph 5___b___a.causes of changesb.increasing number of museums and visitorsincrease增加spectator参观者c.museums getting closer to more spectatorsd.movies shown in museumse.new notions about the management of museumsnotion 提示，看法ideaopinionthinkingthoughtf.places to visit1.museums have changed. they are no longer places for the privileged few or for bored vacationers to visit on rainy days. action and democracy are words used in descriptions of museums now.2.at a science museum in ontario, canada, you can feel your hair stand on end as harmless electricity passes through your body. at the metropolitan museum of art in new york city, you can look at 17th century instruments while listening to their music. at the modern museum in sweden, you can put on costumes provided by the stockholm opera. as these examples show, museums are reaching out to new audiences, particularly the young, the poor, and the less educated members of the population. as a result, attendance is increasing.attend v.参加，参观attendance n. 参加，参观as a result 结果as these examples show, museums are reaching out to new audiences, particularly the young, the poor, and the less educated members of the population.reach out伸出问题1.paragraph 2___c___答案：c.museums getting closer to more spectators3.more and more, museums directors are realizingrealize意识到that people learn best when they can somehow become part of what they are seeing.instead of being places that one should visit, they are places to enjoy.instead of 而不是in many science museums, for example, there are no guided tours. the visitor is encouraged to touch, listen, operate, and experiment so as to discover scientific principles for himself. he can have the experience of operating a spaceship or a computer. he can experiment with glass blowing and paper making. the purpose is not only to provide fun but also to help people feel at home in the world of science. the theory is that people who do not understand science will probably fear it, and those who fear science will not use it to best advantage. many museums now provide educational services and children's departments. in addition to the usual displays, they also offer film showings and dance programs.问题2.paragraph 3___e___答案：e.new notions about the management of museums.4.one cause of all these changes is the increase in wealth and leisure time. another cause is the rising percentage of young people in the population. many of these young people are college students or college graduates. they are better educated than their parents. they see things in a new and different way. they are not content to stand and look at works of art; they want art they can participate in. the same is true of science and history. in the us, certain groups who formerly were too poor to care about anything beyond the basic needs of daily life are now becoming curious about the world around them. the young people in these groups, like young people in general, have benefited from a better education than their parents received. all these groups, and the rest of the population as well, have been influenced by television, which has taught them about other places and other times.问题3.paragraph 4___a___答案：a.causes of changes5.the effect of all this has been to change existing museums and to encourage the building of new ones.exist v.存在existing adj.现存的ones museumsrisen（过去分词）rise 上升（近义词increase）in the us and canada alone, there are now more than 6,000 museums, almost twice as many as there were 25 years ago. about half of them are devoted to history, and the rest are evenly divided between the arts and sciences. the number of visitors, according to the american association of museums, has risen to more than 700 million a year.问题4.paragraph 5___b___答案：b.increasing number of museums and visitors6.in fact, the crowds of visitors at some museums are creating a major problem. admission to museums has always been either free or very inexpensive, but now some museums are charging entrance fees for the first time or raising their price. even when raised, however, entrance fees are generally too low to support a museum, with its usually large building and its highly trained staff.5.now museums are no longer restricted to the privileged few, but___b___now museums are no longer restricted to the privileged few, but（1）but连接并列的句子，but之后主语+谓语结构（与but 前面的结构保持一致）。

2022职称英语考试理工c级技巧：概括大意的解题技巧解题步骤(一)先阅读选择项，查找关键词，确定所考段落，然后读一段话，做一道题先看选项，查找关键词，确定所考段落。

这样做的好处有两点：(1)查找选项关键词，它有可能与某段的核心词汇重合，假如重合，那该选项可能是正确答案。

(2)确定所考段落，未考段落可临时不必阅读。

读文章的时候，不要一下把文章全读完，而是读一段话，做一道题。

假如原文的第一段的小标题已找到，那么，先读其次段，然后到选项列表中找该段话的小标题。

然后再读第三段，同样处理，直至完成。

这样做，不仅速度快，而且精确率高。

(二)读每段话时，要抓住该段话的主题句和核心词汇，正确答案经常是主题句的改写读每段话时，并不是该段话全要认真阅读。

这样，既铺张时间，也不简单抓住重点。

应当抓住该段话的主题句。

先读该段话的第一句，然后，与选项列表中的各选项一一对应，确定正确答案，正确选项一般是该句话的改写。

假如答案不能确定，应再读该段话的策二句，然后，与选项列表中的各选项一一对应。

假如答案还是不能确定，应再读该段话的最终一句，再与选项列表中的各选项一一对应。

假如还是找不着正确的答案，就需要阅读整段话了。

依据统计数据，段落的主题句在第一句的可能性超过50%，段落的主题句在其次句的可能性为20%，段落的主题句在最终一句的可能性超过20%。

也就是说，根据上述方法做这种题型，读完该段话的第一句，就能在选项列表中找出该段话的小标题，这种可能性超过50%。

整段话都需要阅读的可能性不到10%。

这个做题方法不仅有统计数据的依据，还有理论的基础。

英文的段落绽开方法比较简洁，主要有两种：演绎法及归纳法。

演绎法指的是由观点到例子及论据，所以主题句在该段话的其次句。

凡主题句在第一句或其次句，都是演绎法。

归纳法是指由例子及论据到观点，所以主题句在该段话的最终一句。

70%左右的段落是用演绎法写的，而且其中绝大部分主题句在第一句。

20%左右的段落是用归纳法写的。

2009年度全国职称外语等级考试试卷英语理工类C级第1部分：词汇选项(第1—15题，每题1分，共15分)下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线．请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

1I’d very much like to know what your aim in life is.A thoughtB ideaC goalD plan2 The policemen acted quickly because lives were at stakeA in dangerB in difficultyC in despairD out of control3 Practically all animals communicate either through sounds or through soundless codes．A CertainlyB ProbablyC AlmostD Absolutely4 Mary rarely speaks to SusanA slowlyB seldomC weaklyD constantly5 l’m working with a guy from LondonA teacherB studentC friendD man6 You’d better put these documents in a safe placeA darkB secureC guardedD banned7 The courageous boy has been the subject of massive media coverageA extensiveB continuousC instantD quick8 The town is famous for its magnificent buildingsA high-riseB modernC ancientD splendid9 The great change of the city astonished all the visitorsA surprisedB scaredC excitedD moved10 Jack packed up all the things he had accumulated over the last ten yearsA futureB farC pastD near11 Would you please call my husband as soon aa possible?A visitB phoneC consultD invite12 We had a long conversation about her parents.A speechB questionC talkD debate13 The chairman proposed that we stop the meetingA statedB announcedC demandedD suggested14 Obviously these people can be relied in a crisisA lived onB depended onC believed inD joined in15 There is always excitement at the Olympic Games when an athlete．breaks a recordA beatsB maintainsC matchesD tries第2部分：阅读判断(第16～22题，每题1分，共7分)下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。

第三部分概括大意和完成句子A Strong Greenhouse Gas1. Methane is a colorless, odorless gas; it is also a potent greenhouse gas, and once released into the atmosphere, it absorbs heat radiating from Earth’s surface.2. With 13 billion cows belching almost constantly around the world, it’s no surprise that methane released by livestock is one of the chief global sources of the gas.3. Greenhouse gases like methane and carbon dioxide make up only a small part of Earth’s atmosphere, which is 78 percent nitrogen and nearly 21 percent oxygen.4. Atmospheric concentrations of methane have more than double in the last two centuries.5. Cows munch mostly grasses and hay- yet they grow big and hefty.6. That’s why we say livestock gas is also a major factor of causing the global warming.1. paragraph 1 E Methane as a Strong Greenhouse Gas2. Paragraph 2 F Livestock as a Prime Factor of the Greenhouse Effect3. Paragraph 4 C Agriculture Also Contributes to Increased Concentrations of Methane in the Atmosphere4. Paragraph 5 D Why Livestock Releases Methane5. Methane is A one of the major contributors to the intensifying greenhouse effect.6. Greenhouse gases are indispensable to mankind ,but the problem mankind is faced with is B the ever-increasing atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases.7. Generally people heap criticism on F big industries and gas-guzzling vehicles for the planet’s temperature rise.8. Nothing has been mentioned in the passage about E how to cut down the cattle populations.Compact Disks1.If someone says to you your music CDs don’t really hold any music on them, andthey only have numbers recorded on them,you may not belive it.2. A small laser beam shines onto the bumps as the CD turns.3.Digital codes are used with many technologies.4.There are many types of compact disks.5.CDs were first sold to the public in 1982.6.Science Keeps on developing.1.paragraph 1&2 D CD’sWorking Principle Is Explained2.paragraph 3 A Digital Code Has Wide Applications3.paragraph 4 F CDs Are of Many Formats4.paragraph 5 C CDs Are Durable5.One advantage of CD-RWs is that they can E be written on and rewritten on likefloppy disks.6.The author predicts it will nor B take many more years before a new technologe isinvented for music recording.7.The laser beam-emitting device and the receiver are considerd to C be the keyparts.8.Space probes could not F keep contact with their ground station efficiently.How We Form First Impression1.We all have first impression of someone we just met.2.The answer is related to how your brain allows you to be aware of the world.3.If you see someone you know and like at school3 ,your brain says “familiar andsafe.”4.When we stereotype people,we use a less mature form of thinkingthat makessimplistic and categorical impressions of others.5.However,if we resist initial stereotypical impressions,we have a chance to beaware of what a person is truly like.1.paragraph 2 D Comparing Incoming Sensory Information Against Memories2.paragraph 3 C IIIustration of First Impression3.paragraph 4 B Comment on First Impression4.paragraph 5 A Ways of Departure from Immature and Simplistic Impressions5.Sensory information is one that is perceived througe E the sights and sounds of theworld6.You interpret D the meaning of incoming sensory information by comparing itagainst the memories already stored in your brain.7.The way we stereotype people is a less mature form of thinking,which is similar toC the immature form of thinking of a cery young child8.We can use our more mature style of thinking thanks to B the most complex areasof our coriex.Icy Microbes1.In ice that has sealed a salty Antarctic lake for more than 2,800 years,scientistshave found frozen bacteria and algae that returned to life after thawing.2. A research team Ied by Peter Doran of the University of lllinots at Chicago drilledthrough more than 39 feet of ice to collect samples of bacteria and algae.3.Doran said the microbes have been age-dated at 2,800 years old,but even oldermicrobes may live deeper in the ice sheet sealing the lake, and in the briny water below the ice.4.Called Lake Vida,the 4.5-square-kilometer body is one of a series of lakes locatedin the McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica,some 2,200kilometers due south2 of New Zealand.5.That prompted the researchers to return in 1996 with equipment to drill a holedown to within a few feet of the water layer.6.The researchers will return in 2004 equipped with instruments that are sterilized.1.paragraph 2 E Antarctic Frozen Life Sampled and Revived.2.paragraph 3 A Significance of Testing Techniques for Sampling Microbes in theDeep Ice Sheet.3.paragraph 4 F Accidental Discovery of Ice-sealed Lake Water in Antarctica.4.paragraph 6 D 2004 Revisit Planned for Collecting Lake Water Specimens.5.Scientists ignored Lake Vide because they thought that a lake of ice B was of littlescientific value.6.Scientists expect that the life, if found in deeper water below the ice sheet,C maybe older than that collected below 39 feet of ice.7.What the scientists will do in 2004 E is to collect some briny lake water foranalysis.8.The salt concentration in the liquid water of Lake Vida A is found to be a greatdeal higher than that of seawater..LED Lighting1 An accidental discovery announced recently has taken LED lighting to a new level, suggesting it could soon offer a cheaper,longer-lasting alternative to the traditional light bulb.2.Michael Bowers,a graduate student2 ai Vanderbilt University,was just trying to make really small quanturn dots,which are crystals generally only a few nanometets big.3.When you shine a light on quanturn dots or apply electricity to them,they react by producing their own light,normally a bright,vibrant color.4.Then Bowers and another student got the idea to stir the dots into polyurethane and coat a blue LED light bulb with the mix.5.LEDsproduce twice as much light as a regular 60 watt bulb and burn fou over 50,000 hours.6.Quanturn dot mixtures could be painted on just about anything5 and electrically excited to produce a rainbow of colors,including white.1. paragraph 1 B LED Lighting WillPeplace Traditional Lighting2. paragraph 3 E Bowers Made an Unexpected Discovery3. paragraph 5 D LED Lighting Has Many Advantages4. paragraph 6 C Almost Everything Could Be the Main Light Source in the Future5.Unlike traditional lighting , LEDs do not give out heat so F LED Light Bulbs Look Lumpy.6.Edison’s bright invention is likely to be outdated because A traditional lighting is less durable and dearer.7.Something unexpected happened during Bower’s experiment when B a laser excited the quantum dots8.Over one quarter of energy consumption for lighting could be saved by 2025 if C America adopted LKEDs.More Than 8 Hours Sleep Too Much of a Good Thing1 Although the dangers of too little sleep are widely known,new research suggests that people who sleep too much may also suffer the consequences.2 Investigators at the University of California in San Diego found that people who clock up’9 or 10 hours each weeknight appear to have more trouble falling and staying asleep,as well as a number of other sleep problems,than people who sleep 8 hours a night.3.These findings,which Dr.Daniel Kripke reported in the journal psychosomatic Medicine3,demonstrate that people who want to get a good night’s rest may not need to set aside4 more than 8 hours a night.4.Previous studies have shown the potential dangers of chronic shortages of sleep-for instance,one report demonstrated that people who habitually sleep less than 7 hourseach night have a higher risk of dying within a fixed period than people who sleep more.5.For the current report,Kripke reviewed the responses of 1,004 adults to sleep question-naires,in which participants indicated how much they slept during the week and whether they experienced any sleep problem.6.Kripke found that people who slept between 9 and 10 hours each night were more likely to report experiencing each sleep problem than people who slept 8 hours.1. paragraph 2 :E.Sleep Problems of Long and Short Sleepers.2. paragraph 4:B.Dangers of Habitual Shoriages of Sleep.3. paragraph 5:A.Kripke’s Research Tool.4. paragraph 6:D.A Way of Overcoming Insomnia.5.To get a good night’s rest,people may not need to F.sleep more than 8 hours.6.Long sleepers are reporied to be more likely to E.suffer sleep problems.7.One of the sleep problems is waking in the middle of the night, unable to A.fall asleep again.8.One survey showed that people who habitually C.sleep less than 7 hours each night have a higher risk of dying.More Rural Research Is Needed1.Agricultural research funding is vital if the world is to feed itself better than itdoes now.2.“The global decline in investment in international agricultural research must bereversed if significant progress is to be made towards reducing malnutrition and poverty , ” he said.3.Research is needed to solve food production, land degradation2 and environmentalproblems.4.The developing world was investing about 0.5%,or $8 billion a year , of itsagricultural gross domestic product(GDP) on5 research, and the developed world was spending 2.5%of its GDP .5.He said crop research could produce technologies that spread across manycountries, such as wheat production research having spin-offs Mexico, China or India6 .6.“Technologies still need to be refined for the local conditions but a lot of thestrategic research can have global application, so that money can be used very efficiently, ” Dr. Fischer said.7.Yields of rice, wheat and maize have grown impressively in the past 30 years,especially in developing countries.1.paragraph 1 E Increase in Investment on Agricultural Research2.paragraph 3 A The Same or Improved Food Supply Situation in 20203.paragraph 4 C More Research Funding Needed4.paragraph 7 B Research Focus on Increased Yield5.Dr. Fischer claims that agriculture will continue to develop D when we usemodern technologies and develop new onesnd can be saved for other purposes A if we can drive yield up7.The investment can be regarded as efficient F when strategic research can beutilized worldwide.8.The global decrease in investment should be changed C if we want to fight againstmalnutrition and povertySoot and Snow: a Hot Combination1.New research from NASA scientists suggests emissions of black soot alter the way sunlight reflects off snow.2.Soot in the higher latitudes of the Earth,where ice is more common,absorbs more of the sun’s energy and warmth than an icy,white background.3.Soot in areas with snow and ice may play an important role in climate change.4.Hansen found soot’s effect on snow albedo(solar energy reflected back to space),which1may be contributing to trends toward early springs in the Northen Hemisphere,such as thinning Arctic sea ice,melting glaciers and permafrost.5.”Black carbon reduces the amount of energy reflected by snow back into space,thus hesting the snow furface more than if there were no black carbon2,”Hansen said.6.Hansen cautioned,although the role of soot in altering global climate is substantial,it does not alter the fact that greenhouse gases are the primary cause of climate warming during the past century.7.The researchers found that observed warming in the Northern Hemisphere was large in the winter and spring at middle and high latitudes.1. paragraph 3:C Explanation of Increased Warming Effect Caused by Soot.2. paragraph 4:A Soot’s Role in Changes in the Climate and the Atmosphere.3. paragraph 6:F Greenhouse Gases as the Main Factor of Global Warming.4. paragraph 7:B Observations of Warming in the Climate and the Atmosphere.5. In the twentieth century, soot B contributed to 25 percent of observed global warming.6. Hansen cautioned that greenhouse gases E still surpass soot in warming the world’s climate during the last century.7. Black soot covered snow and ice D absorb more of sun’s energy and warmth than white background.8.A soot forcing is unusually effective,which A produces much more global warming than a carbon-dioxide forcing of the same magnitude.Screen Test1.Every year millions of women are screened with X-rays to pick up signs of breastcancer.2.But the medical benefits of screening these younger women arecontroversial,partly because the radiation brings a small risk of inducing cancer. 3.Researchers at the Polytechnic University1 of Valencia analysed the effect ofscreening more than 160,000 women at 11 local clinis.4.The mathematical model recommended by Britain’s National RadillogicalProtection Board predicted that the screening programme would cause 36cancers per 100,000women,18 of them fatal.5.The researchers argue that the level of radiation-induced cancers is “not verysignificant” compared to the far larger number of cancers that are discovered andtreated.6.But they, point out that the risk of women contracting canver from radiation couldbe reduced by between 40 and 80 percent if screening began at 50 instead of 45,because they would be exposed to less radiation.7.“There is a trade-off between the diagnostic benefits of breast screening and itsrisks,”admits Michael Clark of the NRPB.1.paragraph 2 A Harm Screening May Do to a Younger Woman2.paragraph 3B Investigating the Effect of Screening3.paragraph 4 C Effect Predicted by Two Differernt Models4.paragraph 5D Small Risk of Inducing Cancers from Radiation5.Early discovery of breast cancer may C save a life6.Advantages of screening women under 50 are D still open to debate7.Delaying the age at which screening staris may E reduce the risk of radiationtriggering a cancer8.Radiation exposure should be F reduced to the minimumThe Mir Space Station1.The Russian Mir Space Station ,which came down in 2001 at last after 15 years ofpioneering the concept of long-term human space flight, is remembered for its accomplishments in the human space flight history.2.During Mir’s lifetime, Russia spent about US $4.2 billion to build and maintainthe station .3.The Soviet Union launched Mir, which was designed to last from three to fiveyears, on February 20,1986, and housed 104 astronauts over 12 years and seven months, most of whom were not Russian.4.The more than 400 million the United States provided Russian for the visits notonly kept Mir operating, but also gave the Americans and their partners in the international station project valuable experience in long-term flight and multinational operations.5. A debate continues over Mir’s contributions to science.6.Despite the many firsts Mir accomplished,1997 was a bad year out of 15 for Mir.7.Most of these problems were repaired, with American help and suppliers, butMir’s reputation as a space station was ruined.8.Mir’s setbacks are nothing, though5 ,when we compare them with itsaccomplishments.1.paragraph 4 B Rewards Following the US Financial Injection2.paragraph 5 E Mir’s Firsts in Scientific Experiments and Space Exploration3.paragraph 6 C Mir’s problem Year4.paragraph 8 A Undeniable Mir’s Achievements5.Mir enhanced the confidence in the scientists that humans living in space for along time was F quite possible6.In Mir, the US astronauts created E many firsts7.When we think of Mir in terms of its achievements, its setbacks are D nothing8.The writer tends to think that Mir was B a great successThe Tiniest Electric Motor in the World1.Scientists recently made public the tiniest electric motor ever1 built.2.The motor works by shuffling atoms between two molten metal droplets in acarton nanotube..3.The technique exploits the fact that surface tension-the tendency of atoms ormolecules to resist separating-becomes more important at small scales.4.Although the amount of energy produced is small-20 microwatts-it is quiteimpressive in relation to the tiny scale of the motor.5.In 1988,Professor Richard Muller and colleagues made the first operatingmicromotor, which was 100 microns across, or about the thickness of a human hair.6.Nanotechnology engineers try to mimic nature, building things atom-by-atom.1.paragraph 2 E The Working Principle of the Nanomotor2.paragraph 4 B A Description of the Nanomotor in Terms of Power and Size3.paragraph 5 D Previous Inventions of Nanoscale Products4.paragraph 6 F Possible Fields of Application in the Future5.Doctors envision that the nanomotor would travel through human bodies to Aremove disease6.Surface tension means the tendency of atoms or molecules to B resist separating7.Nanoconveyors could be used to F transport nanoscale objects.8.Applying a small electric current causes atoms to C shuffle between two moltenmetal dropletsWashoe Learned American Sign Language1.An animal that influenced scientific thought has died.2.Research scientists Allen and Beatrix Gardner began teaching Washoe signlanguage in 1966.3.However, critics argued Washoe only learned to repeat sign language movementfrom watching her teachers.4.Scientists like private researcher Jane Goodall believe8 Washoe provided newinformation about the mental workings of chimpanzees.5.Debate continues about chimps’ understanding of human communication .1.paragraph 1 C General Information about Washoe2.paragraph 2 B Report about Washoe ’s Progress in learning Sign Language3.paragraph 3 E Debate on Chimps’ Intelligence4.paragraph 4 A Reason Why Not Many Scientists Carry out This ResearchNowadays.5.Washoe could make signs to communicate C when she wanted to eat6.Some scientists doubted A if the Gardener’s argument was sound7.Washoe taught three younger chimps sign language D while she was at a researchcenter in Ellensburg.8.The experimenters thought Washoe was intelligent E because she could use signlanguage to ask for fruits。

Afiica and southern Asia in 2020, similar 类似、相似to the current现在的、目前的pattern. If there is any change, a slight improvement will be seen in southern Asia, but not in sub-Saharan Afiica. The major主要的、重大的inqjrovement will be in East Asia, South America and South-East Asia. 解决粮食生产、土地贫瘠化和环境污染问题，必须进行研究。

稳定地当地粮食供应可以促进经济增长，放慢人口增长速度。

费舍博士描绘说，世界有能力在人口由58亿增加到80亿的头25年实现粮食供应充足。

情况很可能保持现状或有所改善，但仍会有大批人口处于饥饿当中。

2020年贫穷和饥饿人口最大集中地位撒哈拉以南的非洲部分和南非，这与目前情况类似。

如果有什么变化的话，也只是在南亚有稍微改善，而不是在撒哈拉以南的非洲。

执意要改善地区将是东亚、南美和东南亚。

（四）The developing world wasinvesting投资、花费about 0.5%, or $8 billion a year, of its agricultural gross domestic product(GDP)on5research, and the developed world was spending 2.5% of its GDP. Dr. Fischer said more was needed from all countries. 发展中国家每年将农业国内生产总值的大约0.5%(80亿美元)用于研究，发达国家则用2.5%的国内生产总值进行研究。

费舍博士说，所有国家都需要更多的资金。

（五）He said crop research could produce technologies that spread 传播、散布across many countries, such as例如wheat production research havingspin-offs for Mexico, China or India6. 他说粮食研究会开发出新技术，这些新技术又会传播到许多国家，例如小麦生产研究的成果已经在墨西哥、中国或印度得到应用。

概括大意与完成句子 5.7第五篇：LED Lighting发光二极管1An accidental意外的discovery announce d宣布recently has taken LED lighting to a new level, suggest ing显示it could soon offer a cheaper, longer-lasting alternative供选装的to the traditional传统light bulb灯泡. The breakthrough突破adds to增加a growing trend that is likely to eventually最终make Thomas Edison's bright invention1 obsolete.LEDs are already used in traffic lights, flashlights, and architectural lighting. They are flexible灵活and operate less expensively than traditional lighting.日前公布的一项意外发现将发光二极管的研究推向新的高潮。

这项研究显示，发光二极管与传统的电灯泡比起来，可能会更廉价、使用更持久。

这项重大突破使人们看到，未来的趋势很可能是，爱迪生的发明将逐渐失去它的价值。

目前发光二极管已被用于交通信号灯、手电筒和建筑照明，他们跟传统的电灯比起来更灵活，操作成本更低廉。

2Michael Bowers, a graduate student2 at Vanderbilt University, was just trying to make really small quantum dot s点（注释3可分析出）, which are crystals generally普通only a few nanometers微毫米big. Quantum dots contain anywhere from 100 to 1,000 electrons3. They're easily excite d激起bundles束of energy, and the smaller they are, the more excited they get. Each dot in Bowers' particular特别的batch was exceptionally特别的small, containing包含only 33 or 34 pairs of atoms.Vanderbilt大学的一名研究生 Michael Bowers正试图制造出一种非常小的量子点。