materails engineering assignment 2

materials science and engineering b 分区-概述说明以及解释1.引言1.1 概述概述部分的内容可以简要介绍"Materials Science and Engineering B"这个学科的背景和重要性，以及本篇文章将要涉及的主题和研究内容。

引言1. 概述在当今科技不断发展的时代，材料科学与工程（Materials Science and Engineering，简称MSE）正日益成为一个极具挑战和前景的领域。

作为一门交叉学科，材料科学和工程不仅关注材料的性质、结构和性能，还关注材料制备、加工和应用等方面。

"MSE B"指的是专注于特定研究区域的期刊，即Materials Science and Engineering B。

它是一个专门出版材料科学与工程B类相关研究的期刊，发表了许多高质量的学术论文和研究成果。

本文旨在探讨"MSE B"分区对于材料科学与工程研究的意义和影响。

我们将对该分区的背景和相关资讯进行全面的分析，并重点关注其在学术界和工业领域中的广泛应用。

此外，本文还将深入探讨"MSE B"分区对于科研人员的影响和学术发展的趋势。

通过对相关文献和研究成果的分析和总结，我们将进一步了解"MSE B"分区对于材料科学与工程领域的推动作用和引领作用。

在接下来的章节中，我们将首先对"MSE B"分区的背景和定义进行介绍。

然后，我们将讨论"MSE B"分区的方法和标准，以及其与其他相关期刊和分区的比较。

接着，我们将深入探讨该分区在学术界和工业领域中的影响和应用。

最后，我们将总结本文的主要观点，并展望"MSE B"分区的未来发展趋势。

通过对"MSE B"分区的深入研究和分析，我们可以更好地了解这个领域的最新发展和趋势，促进科研人员之间的学术交流和合作，推动材料科学与工程的不断进步和创新。

Solid materials have been conveniently grouped into three basic classifications: metals, ceramics, and polymers. This scheme is based primarily on chemical makeup and atomic structure, and most materials fall into one distinct grouping or another, although there are some intermediates. In addition, there are three other groups of important engineering materials—composites, semiconductors, and biomaterials.译文：固体材料被便利的分为三个基本的类型：金属，陶瓷和聚合物。

这个分类是首先基于化学组成和原子结构来分的，大多数材料落在明显的一个类别里面，尽管有许多中间品。

除此之外，有三类其他重要的工程材料－复合材料，半导体材料和生物材料。

Composites consist of combinations of two or more different materials, whereas semiconductors are utilized because of their unusual electrical characteristics; biomaterials are implanted into the human body. A brief explanation of the material types and representative characteristics is offered next.译文：复合材料由两种或者两种以上不同的材料组成，然而半导体由于它们非同寻常的电学性质而得到使用；生物材料被移植进入人类的身体中。

商务英语翻译之合同翻译第一节商务合同的基础知识第二节合同英语的词汇特点及翻译要点第三节合同英语的句法特点及翻译要点第四节合同内容的翻译第五节商务合同的翻译标准第一节商务合同的基础知识一、概念与文体虽然国内外对合同的定义各不相同，但都有一个共同点：A contract is an agreement, which legally binds the parties concerned。

比如，99年中国《合同法》规定，Contacts referred to in this Law are agreements establishing, modifying and terminating the civil rights and obligations between subjects of equal footing, that is, between natural persons, legal persons or other organizations。

在由Steven H. Gifts编著的“Law Dictionary”中，contract被定义为“a promise, or a set of promises, for breach of which the law gives remedy, or the performance of the which the law in some way recognize as a duty.”根据这一定义，合同是一种承诺，违反承诺可以得到法律救助，在某种意义上，法律将履行该承诺看作是一种补偿。

综上可见，合同是平等主体之间设立的确定民事权利和义务的法律协议。

商务合同是依法成立的法律性文件，自有其特殊的文体特征。

通常所谓的“文体（style）”是指人们运用语言时，总是根据一定的交际内容、交际目的和交际场合，来选取一定的表达形式，即所谓的语言风格；这种风格，既要适应交际对象，又受到特定语言环境的制约。

《材料科学基础2》课程简介课程编号：02024036课程名称：材料科学基础2 ［5E］ /Fundamentals of MaterialsScience 2学分：2. 5学时：40适用专业：无机非金属材料建议修读学期：第5学期先修课程：物理化学，材料科学基础1 ［无］考核方式与成绩评定标准：闭卷考试教材与主要参考书目：Ll］无机材料学基础，张其土，华东理工大学出版社［2］无机材料科学基础，陆佩文，武汉理工大学出版社［3］材料科学基础，张联盟，武汉理工大学出版社内容概述：本课程是无机非金属材料工程专业本科生的重要专业基础课，是一门理论性很强、涉及面广的课程，是本专业的专业课开设前所必须学的课程。

本课程是使学生掌握材料的组成、结构与性能之间的相互关系和变化规律，掌握材料的结构、物性和化学反应的规律及其相互的联系，为今后从事夏杂的技术工作和开发新型材料打下良好的基础。

The course of fUndamentals of materials science, which is highly theoretical, and almost involves all the sides of materials science, is an important fundamental one for the students majoring in inorganic materials science and engineering. Thus it is set to be taught before other specialized courses. It aims at allowing the students to master the relations between materials compositions, structures and properties, and to establish a good theoretical base for the research and development of new materials in the future.《材料科学基础2》［无］教学大纲课程编号：02024036课程名称：材料科学基础2 /Fundamentals of Materials Science 2学分：2. 5学时：40适用专业：无机非金属材料建议修读学期：第5学期先修课程：物理化学，材料科学基础1 ［无］一、课程性质、目的与任务【课程性质】本课程是无机非金属材料工程专业(建材方向、陶瓷与耐火材料方向)本科生的重要专业基础课，是一门理论性很强、涉及面广的课程，是本专业的专业课开设前所必须学的课程。

Unit1：2.英译汉材料科学石器时代肉眼青铜器时代光学性质集成电路机械(力学)强度热导率1.材料科学指的是研究存于材料的结构和性能的相互关系。

相反，材料工程指的是，在基于材料结构和性能的相互关系的基础上，开发和设计预先设定好具备若干性能的材料。

2. 实际上，固体材料的所有重要性质可以概括分为六类：机械、电学、热学、磁学、光学和腐蚀降解性。

3. 除了结构和性质，材料科学和工程还有其他两个重要的组成部分：即加工和性能。

4. 工程师与科学家越熟悉材料的结构-性质之间的各种相互关系以及材料的加工技术，根据这些原则，他或她对材料的明智选择将越来越熟练和精确。

5. 只有在极少数情况下材料在具有最优或理想的综合性质。

因此，有必要对材料的性质进行平衡。

3. 汉译英Interdispline dielectric constantSolid materials heat capacityMechanical properties electro-magnetic radiationMaterials processing elasticity modulus1.直到最近，科学家才终于了解材料的结构要素与其特性之间的关系。

It was not until relatively recent times that scientists came to understand the relationship between the structural elements of materials and their properties .2.材料工程学主要解决材料的制造问题和材料的应用问题。

Material engineering mainly solve the problems of materials processing and materials application.3.材料的加工过程不但决定了材料的结构，同时决定了材料的特征和性能。

精 密 成 形 工 程第16卷 第3期 62JOURNAL OF NETSHAPE FORMING ENGINEERING 2024年3月收稿日期：2024-02-21 Received ：2024-02-21引文格式：曹梓恒, 郭威, 吕书林, 等. 铝基非晶合金的制备、性能与应用研究进展[J]. 精密成形工程, 2024, 16(3): 62-75. CAO Ziheng, GUO Wei, LYU Shulin, et al. Progress in Research on Preparation, Properties and Application of Al-based Amor-phous Alloys[J]. Journal of Netshape Forming Engineering, 2024, 16(3): 62-75. *通信作者（Corresponding author ） 铝基非晶合金的制备、性能与应用研究进展曹梓恒1，郭威1,2,3*，吕书林1，王锦程2，吴树森1（1.华中科技大学 材料科学与工程学院 材料成形与模具技术全国重点实验室，武汉 430074；2.西北工业大学 凝固技术国家重点实验室，西安 710072；3.深圳华中科技大学研究院，广东 深圳 518057） 摘要：铝基非晶合金因其独特的物理和化学性能在诸多领域具有广泛的应用前景，综述了铝基非晶合金的成分体系、制备方法、性能特点及应用研究进展。

首先，介绍了铝基非晶合金的发展历史和成分体系，目前铝基非晶主要分为3大体系：二元、三元和多元体系，以及综合性能和形成能力2大方面，多元体系表现更佳，并逐渐向更多元化发展；其次，系统介绍了铝基非晶合金的制备方法，包括粉末状、薄带状、块体样品的制备，相较于非晶薄带的制备，块体和粉状的制备方法较为丰富，而粉状非晶通常作为铝基非晶涂层的预制材料；随后，详细介绍了铝基非晶合金的性能特点、应用现状及发展趋势，从性能上来看，铝基非晶在强度和硬度以及耐腐蚀性能上表现良好，目前主要以涂层的形式参与应用，除此之外，研究者们也开始对磁性和热塑性展开研究，由于玻璃形成能力的限制，作为结构材料的应用较少；最后，对其未来应用前景进行了展望，认为涂层是目前铝基非晶合金最具应用前景的工程化方式。

材料科学与工程-专业英语-Unit--Classification-of-Ma terials译文————————————————————————————————作者：————————————————————————————————日期：Classification of Materials（材料分类）Solid materials have been conveniently grouped into three basic classifications: metals, ceramics, and polymers. This scheme is based primarily on chemical makeup and atomic structure, and most materials fall into one distinct grouping or another, although there are some intermediates. In addition, there are three other groups of important engineering materials—composites, semiconductors, and biomaterials.译文：固体材料被便利的分为三个基本的类型：金属，陶瓷和聚合物。

这个分类是首先基于化学组成和原子结构来分的，大多数材料落在明显的一个类别里面，尽管有许多中间品。

除此之外，有三类其他重要的工程材料－复合材料，半导体材料和生物材料。

Composites consist of combinations of two or more different materials, whereas semiconductors are utilized because of their unusual electrical characteristics; biomaterials are implanted into the human body. A brief explanation of the material types and representative characteristics is offered next.译文：复合材料由两种或者两种以上不同的材料组成，然而半导体由于它们非同寻常的电学性质而得到使用；生物材料被移植进入人类的身体中。

COURSEWORK BRIEFING SHEETCOURSE MODULE (and code):Introduction to Materials (CEN106)ASSIGNMENT TITLE: Lab Experiment: Impact TestASSIGNMENT MARKS: 7.5 %Lecturers responsible: Dr. Theofanis KrevaikasDate set: Group 1-6: April 16, 2013Group 7-12: April 23, 2013Required date of submission: Group 1-6: April 26, 2013Group 7-12: May 03, 2013Penalty scheme for late submission: University Standard Penalty SchemeAims:∙To develop experimental and report presentation skills.∙To use common laboratory equipment.∙To compare the experimental data to the theoretical calculation.Recommended Reading:∙Ferdinand P. Beer et al, “Mechanics of Materials”, Fifth edition in SI units, McGraw Hill.∙Dieter, G.E., Mechanical metallurgy, 1988, SI metric edition, McGraw-Hill, ISBN 0-07-∙100406-8.∙Hashemi, S. Foundations of materials science and engineering, 2006, 4th edition, McGraw- Hill, ISBN 007-125690-3.∙Noble, B., Tensile and impact properties of metals and polymers, TQ education and training led product division, 1996.At the end of this assignment a student should be able to:∙Be aware of standard laboratory equipment and its use.∙Know how to record, interpret and evaluate results.∙Know how to present a report including experimental results.∙Have acquired knowledge comparing the mechanical properties and failure characteristics of different materials∙Practised library skills.1.IntroductionThe impact toughness (AKA Impact strength) of a material can be determined with a Charpy test. These tests are named after their inventors and were developed in the early 1900’s before fracture mechanics theory was available. Impact properties are not directly used in fracture mechanics calculations, but the economical impact tests continue to be used as a quality control method to assess notch sensitivity and for comparing the relative toughness of engineering materials.The two tests use differentspecimens and methods of holdingthe specimens, but both tests makeuse of a pendulum-testing machine.For both tests, the specimen isbroken by a single overload eventdue to the impact of the pendulum.A stop pointer is used to record howfar the pendulum swings back upafter fracturing the specimen. Theimpact toughness of a metal isdetermined by measuring the energyabsorbed in the fracture of thespecimen. This is simply obtainedby noting the height at which thependulum is released and the heightto which the pendulum swings after it has struck the specimen. The height of the pendulum times the weight of the pendulum produces the potential energy and the difference in potential energy of the pendulum at the start and the end of the test is equal to the absorbed energy. In the Charpy test the specimen is supported as a simple beam with a notch in the center. The specimen is supported so that the notch is on the vertical face away from the point ofimpact. Figure 2 and 3 show the dimensions of theCharpy test specimen and the positions of the strikingedge of the pendulum and the specimen in the anvil.Since toughness is greatly affected by temperature, aCharpy test is often repeated numerous times witheach specimen tested at a different temperature. Thisproduces a graph of impact toughness for the materialas a function of temperature. Impact toughness versustemperature graph for steel is shown in the image. Itcan be seen that at low temperatures the material ismore brittle and impact toughness is low. At high temperatures the material is more ductile and impact toughness is higher. The transition temperature is the boundary between brittle and ductile behavior and this temperature is often an extremely important consideration in the selection of a material.Notch toughness is theability that a materialpossesses to absorb energyin the presence of a flaw.As mentioned previously,in the presence of a flaw,such as a notch or crack, amaterial will likely exhibita lower level of toughness.When a flaw is present in amaterial, loading induces atriaxial tension stress stateadjacent to the flaw. The material develops plastic strains as the yield stress is exceeded in the region near the crack tip. However, the amount of plastic deformation is restricted by the surrounding material, which remains elastic. When a material is prevented from deforming plastically, it fails in a brittle manner. Notch-toughness is measured with a variety of specimens such as the Charpy V-notch impact specimen or the dynamic tear test specimen. As with regular impact testing the tests are often repeated numerous times with specimens tested at a different temperature. With these specimens and by varying the loading speed and the temperature, it is possible to generate curves such as those shown in the graph. Typically only static and impact testing is conducted but it should be recognized that many components in service see intermediate loading rates in the range of the dashed red line.2.Students GroupsRefer the ‘Lab Experiments – Schedule’ sheet.3.ProcedureExperimental purposes1.Evaluate the impact toughness of various metals; understand the impact method of themetal at different temperatures.2.Observe impact damage to the section of plastic and brittle material, and compare. Equipment1.Pendulum-testing machine.2.Charpy V-notch impact specimensTheoretical Explanation of Pendulum Test:In a typical Pendulum Machine, the mass of the hammer (striking edge) mass ( ) is raised to a height ( ). Before the mass ( ) is released, the potential energy will be:After being released, the potential energy will decrease and the kinetic energy will increase. At the time of impact, the kinetic energy of the pendulum:1And the potential energy:Will be equal⇒⇒ 2 and the impact velocity will be:2Figure 11 cos 1 cosInitial energy 1 cos 1–cosEnergy after the rupture 1 cos 1 cosEnergy absorbed by the specimen cos cosTo calculate the unite impact toughness，divide by the cross-sectional area of the notch，i.e. Absorbed Impact Energy / Notch area (J/cm ). For standard specimen the cross sectional area of the notch is 0.8 cm .Experimental Procedure:1.Obtain and measure the specimens.2.Learn how to position the specimen in the anvil. Find out the proper position of theimpact head (striking edge) and the height the pendulum should be set.3.Secure the specimen.4.Set pendulum in raised position.5.Set pointer on upper limit of the scale.6.Make sure that the machine is connected to an electrical outlet. Otherwise, the breaksystem that stops the pendulum from swinging cannot be used.(WARNING: DO NOT ATTEMPT TO STOP THE PENDULUM MANUALLY)7.Release pendulum.(WARNING: KEEP A SAFE DISTANCE FROM THE PENDULUM)8.Record all results and examine fracture surfaces. Include a description of these surfacesand explanation of their meaning in your report.4.ReportStudents can share only numerical data among group members. Each student should submit their own report based on own analysis and discussions.Main content:1.Front cover (Title, Group, Names & Date).2.Abstract (1 paragraph)3.Theory of Impact toughness test (max 2 pages)4.Experimental methodology (You may include tables and figures accordingly) (max 2pages including tables and figures).5.Results and Discussions.i)Discuss on the experimental errors you observed and suggest appropriate methods tominimize those errors. (1 paragraph)ii)Compare the failure characteristics of low-carbon steel and medium-carbon steel under impact load. (1-2 pages)iii)Physical significance of the impact toughness (2 paragraphs)iv)Briefly discuss why the specimens are notched and the effect of the notch angle on the amount of energy absorbed by the specimen at impact time (2 paragraphs)6.Conclusion (1 paragraph)7.Reference.(Above steps provide you a guide, you may write your own report in an appropriate way).General Information:The quantitative result of the impact tests the energy needed to fracture a material and can be used to measure the toughness of the material. The qualitative results of the impact test can be used to determine the ductility of a material. If the material breaks on a flat plane, the fracture was brittle, and if the material breaks with jagged edges or shear lips, then the fracture was ductile. Usually a material does not break in just one way or the other, and thus comparing the jagged to flat surface areas of the fracture will give an estimate of the percentage of ductile and brittle fracture.1. Compare the mechanical properties and failure characteristics of low-carbon steel and medium-carbon steel2. What is the physical significance of the impact toughness?3. Why the specimens are notched? Briefly discuss the effect of the notch angle on the amount of energy absorbed at the time of impact.5.SubmissionSubmit in standard format of coursework submission. Delayed submission will be subjected to standard penalty scheme.Record formShape ofthe specimen Material Number Reading Average impacttoughness（J/cm ）TemperatureJBS -300Z Safety proceduresCEN106 – Introduction to MaterialsDepartment of Civil Engineering11JBS -300ZDigital Auto-impact testing machineSafety Procedures1. Turn on the power switch, the indicator should be light, and preheat for 10~15minutes2. Place the test sample into the right position3. Press the button 零位 for zero calibration when the pendulum is at rest4. Range selection ， choose 300J pendulum or 150J pendulum according to the energy requirement5. Press the button 运行确认，swing the pendulum to the position6. After last step, press the button 送料，after the action is done ，press 冲击，complete the impact action7. Done after 3 trials ，press the button 打印，print all the results 。

4.3 Precision CastingMetal casting has a historic pedigree as the manufacturing process first used by man to produce intricate metal articles and art objects.It played a major role in the industrial revolution and remains the basis of current manufacturing equipment and manufactured goods.The process plays an important part in aerospace component production and,as such ,remains at the leading edge of technology development.Despite the competition from plastics and ceramics,metal still remain the dominant materials in the production of capital equipment and manufactured goods.Metal casting will continue to play a major role,as a manufacturing process of considerable versatility,for the foreseeable future金属铸造被人类作为生产工艺首次使用在复杂的金属制品和艺术品上有悠久的历史。

它在工业革命中发挥了重大作用，仍然是当今设备和产品制造的基本方法。

这种工艺在航空零部件生产中起着重要的作用，因此，仍然是科技发展的前沿技术。