“四化”英语课堂教学用语
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英语课堂教学语言应做到“四化”作者:徐素萍来源:《中学生英语·外语教学与研究》2015年第07期【摘要】本文以英语课堂教学语言中存在问题为指导,对教学语言的简洁明了、条理性、激情化以及抑扬顿挫等方面作探析,阐述语言教学做到“四化”的重要意义。
探讨英语课堂教学语言的艺术性和科学性,对鼓励学生启思发问和增强理解综合运用技能具有一定的现实指导意义。
【关键词】初中英语教学语言交际艺术性英语课程倡导的主体性教学理念的最大特征是让学生有更多的自主发言权和自由互动交流权。
传统的课堂教学,教师往往是妙语连珠,学生听得天昏地暗,结果却是死气沉沉、了无生气。
究其原因,教师的教学语言使用不够科学规范,忽视了学生的认知感受和学习认知需要,出现了讲得过多、思维跳跃性过大、学生发言过少、语言缺少激情等问题,难以吸引学生的注意力。
教师的循循善诱和言简意赅则是抓住学生的有效途径。
1. 教学语言简洁化,直截了当言简意赅应该是课堂教学用语的基本前提,旨在帮助学生从教师的直言碎语中找到思考探究的信息源。
简洁的语言则能在提高课堂教学有效性的基础上更利于给学生自由表达和主动交流的时间,便于他们有更为丰富的认知思维。
在使用简洁语言中,我根据课程教学内容需求,按照少量少言和要言启发的原则,建议学生能够从相关提示中获取有价值信息。
运用最少的语言概括教学的基本思维以及主要目标任务,让学生在仔细辨析的过程中最大限度理解记忆,形成有效的参照。
我经常运用富有层次化的语言表达形式,针对不同类型和层次的学生提出相应的教学要求,让他们有自由选择和灵活运用的权利。
运用的语言应该体现直截了当的特点,让学生在聆听的过程中能心领神会,减少理解障碍,便于他们从中深入体味。
遵循语言的简洁明了性,能使得学生对英语教学过程有更为深刻的认知感悟。
通过语言的简洁明了鼓励学生集中注意力聆听,利于学生在较短的时间主动接受。
2. 教学语言应条理化,地道流畅西方语言的跳跃性过大,与东方的语言表述有一定的差异。
课堂英语教师口语用语150句Beginning a class ( 开始上课)1. Let’s start class. =It’s time for class.上课2. Hello, boys and girls / children.同学们好3. Good morning /afternoon, boys and gi rls / teacher/同学们/老师们,早晨好/下午好4.Stand up / Sit down, please.起立/请坐5. Who is on duty today? 今天谁值日?6. Is everyone / everybody here /present ? 大家都出席了吗?7. Is anyone anybody absent? 有人缺席吗?8. Who’s absent? 谁没来?9. Let’s begin our class. 咱们上课吧.10. We’ll start / begin a new lesson today.今天我们讲学习新课.11. What day is it today? 今天星期几?12. What’s the weather like today? 今天的天气怎么样?In Class ( 课堂上)13.Let’s begin a new lesson.。
们开始学新课.14. We’ll learn something new .我们讲学新知识.15. Let’s learn some new words/ sentenc es. 咱们学些新单词/句子16. Let’s review what we learned yesterd ay.咱们复习一下昨天学过的内容.17. Ready? Are you ready? 准备好了吗?18. Start. 开始19. All together.大家一起来.20. Read all together now.大家一起读.21. Sit down ,please.请坐端正.22. Stop talking. don’t talk.不许说话.23. Be quiet, please.请安静.24. Look at my mouth, please.请看我的口型。
小学英语课堂教学用语要“四化”良好的语言环境是学好英语的必要条件,教师在课堂教学中要尽量使用外语。
但是,我们的小学生接触英语的时间不长,教师应如何使用课堂用语,为学生的学习创设有利的条件?笔者认为小学英语教师在课堂教学使用英语时要尽量做到“四化”。
1.要简短化由于小学生学习英语的时间还不长,词汇量也相对较少,因此教师在使用英语课堂用语的时候,应做到尽量简单,通俗易懂,即使遇到音节比较长的单词,也要避开,并对长句进行处理。
如在用到“Are you ready?”时,我们可以用“Ready?”来代替,“Do you understand?”可以简化成“Under stand?”经过简化处理的课堂用语,既能保持原有的表意功能,又能降低学生听辨和理解的难度,有利于课堂英语氛围的创设。
再如,我们在课堂上请学生回答问题,我们会说:“Who can have a try?”也可以将句子简化成“Can you try?”这样,老师不但表达了自己的意图,又降低了学生听辨的难度,更有利于课堂的顺利进行和创设情景。
由于小学生这个群体的特殊性,教师用语也要从最基础的单元开始,特别是在低年段。
比如“听录音”,就可以用“listen”代替“listen to the tape”。
再如用“Attention”代替“Pay attention to your spelling/pronunciation”。
2.要体态化小学生刚刚接触英语时,对一些课堂用语不清楚,不明白,运用简洁化、确切的动作来引导学生的学习活动,既节省时间又简洁明了。
如教师要学生听自己说,即listen to me,可用手指自己的耳朵;教师要学生看自己的嘴形,即look at my mouth.可用手指自己的嘴;需要学生做交换操练,可用两手做交叉状;需要学生二人一组做pair work,可对着两位学生用手一抓等等。
又如,在指定“Read twice”时,教师可以先指着自己的嘴,然后用两个手指示意,这样学生就了解“读两遍”了。
英语课堂教学用语大全1.上课(Beginning a class)(1)Let’s start now./Let’s begin our class/lesson.(2)Stand up,please.(3)Sit down,Please.2.问候(Greeting)(4)Hello,boys and girls/children.(5)Good morning,class/everyone/everybody/children/boys and girls.(6)Good afternoon,class/everyone/everybody/children/boys and girls.(7)How are you today?3.考勤(Checking attendance)(8)Who’s on duty today?/Who’s helping this morning/today?(9)Is everyone/everybody here/present?(10)Is anyone away?/Is anybody away?(11)Is anyone absent?/Is anybody absent?(12)Who’s absent?/Who’s away?(13)Where is he/she?(14)Try to be on time./Don’t be late next time.(15)Go back to your seat,please.(16)What day is it today?(17)What’s the date today?(18)What’s the weather like today?(19)What’s it like outside?4.宣布(Announcing)(20)Let’s start working./Let’s begin/start a new lesson./Let’s begin/start our lesson.(21)First,let’s review/do some review.(22)What did we learn In the last lesson?(23)Who can tell/remember what we did In the last lesson/yesterday?(24)Now we’re going to do something new/different./Now let’s learn something new.(25)We have some new words/sentences.5.提起注意(Directing attention)(26)Ready?/Are you ready?(27)Did you get there?/Do you understand?(28)Is that clear?(29)Any volunteers?(30)Do you know what to do?(31)Be quiet,please./Quiet,please.(32)Listen,please.(33)Listen carefully,please.(34)Listen to the tape recorder/the recording.(35)Look carefully,please.(36)Look over here.(37)Watch carefully.(38)Are you watching?(39)Please look at the black-board/picture/map…(40)Pay attention to your spelling/pronunciation.6.课堂活动(Classroom activities)(41)Start!/Start now.(42)Everybody together./All together.(43)Practise in a group./Practise In groups/In groups,please.(44)Get into groups of three/four…(45)Every body find a partner/friend.(46)In pairs,please.(47)One at a time./Let’s do It one by one.(48)Now you,please./Your turn(Students name).(49)Next,please.Now you do the same,please.(50)Let’s act./Let’s act out/do the dialogue.(51)Who wants to be A?(52)Practise the dialogue,please.(53)Now Tom will be A,and the other half will be B.(54)Please take(play)the part of…(55)Whose turn is It?(56)It’s your turn.(57)Wait your turn,please.(58)Stand inline./Line up.(59)One by one./One at a time,please.(60)In twos./In pairs.(61)Don’t speak out.(62)Turn around.7.请求(Request)(63)Could you please try It again?(64)Could you please try the next one?(65)Will you please help me?8.鼓励(Encouraging)(66)Can you try?(67)Try,please.(68)Try your best./Do your best.(69)Think it over and try again.(70)Don’t be afraid/shy.9.指令(Issuing a command)(7)Say/Read after me,please.(72)Follow me,please.(73)Do what do.(7)Repeat,please./Repeat after me.(75)Once more,please./One more time,please.(7)Come here,please.(77)Please come to the front./Come up and write on the blackboard/chalkboard.(78)Come and write It on the blackboard.(79)Please go back to your seat.(80)In English,please.(81)Put your hand up,please.Raise your hand,please.(82)Put your hands down,please./Hands down,please.(83)Say it/Write it in Chinese/English.(84)Please take out your books.(85)Please open your books at page…/Find page…/Turn to Page…(86)Please answer the question/questions.(87)Please read this letter/word/sentence out loud./Please read out this letter/word/sentence.(88)Please stop now./Stop now,please./Stop here,please.(89)Clean up your desk/the classroom,please.(90)It’s clean-up time./Tidy up your desk/the classroom.(91)Put your things away./Clean off your desk./Pick up the scraps·(92)Clean the blackboard.(93)Plug in the tape-recorder,please.(94)Put the tape-recorder away.(95)Put the tap,In it’s box/cassette.(96)Listen and repeat.(97)Look and listen.(98)Repeat after me.(99)Follow the words.(100)Fast./Quickly!/Be quick,please.(101)Hurry!/Hurry up,please.(102)Slow down,please.(10)Slowly.(104)Bring me some chalk,please.10.禁止和警告(Prohibition and warning)(105)Stop talking./Stop talking now,please.(106)Don’t talk./Everybody quiet,please.(107)Don’t be silly.(108)Settle down.11.评价(109)Good,thank you.(10)Good/Very good./God job./Good work./Good example.(111)A good answer./Nice work.(112)Excellent./Great!/Well done./Very good./I like the way you(13)That’s Interesting!(114)Don’t worry about It./No problem.(115)OK!/That’s OK.(116)I don’t think so.(117)That’s not quite right,any other answers?/That’s close/That’s almost right.(118)Not quite,can anyone help him/her?/try again.(119)A good try.12.布置作业(Setting homework)(120)For today’s homework…(121)Practise after class./Practise at home.(122)Say it out loud,before you write It down.(123)Copy/Print/Write each word twice.(124)Remember(Memorize)these words/sentences.(125)Learn these words/these sentences/this text by heart.(126)Do your homework./Do the next lesson./Do the new work.13.下课(Dismissing the class)(127)Hand in your workbooks,please.(128)Time is up.(129)The bell is ringing.(130)There’s the bell.(131)There goes the bell.(132)Let’s stop here.(133)That’s all for today.(134)Class is over.(135)Good bye./Bye./See you next time.Beginning a class ( 开始上课)1. Let’s start class. =It’s time for class. 上课2. Hello, boys and girls / children.同学们好3. Good morning /afternoon, boys and girls / teacher/同学们/老师们,早晨好/下午好4.Stand up / Sit down, please.起立/请坐5. Who is on duty today? 今天谁值日?6. Is everyone / everybody here /present? 大家都出席了吗?7. Is anyone anybody absent? 有人缺席吗?8. Who’s absent? 谁没来?9. Let’s begin our class. 咱们上课吧.10. We’ll start / begin a new lesson today.今天我们讲学习新课.11. What day is it today? 今天星期几?12. What’s the weather like today? 今天的天气怎么样?In Class ( 课堂上)13.Let’s begin a new lesson.。
英语课程标准之课堂教学用语1.上课(Beginning a class)(1)Let's start now./Let's begin our class/lesson.(2)Stand up, please.(3)Sit down, please.2.问候(Greeting)(4)Hello, boys and girls/children.(5)Good morning, class/everyone/everybody/children/boys and girls.(6)Good afternoon, class/everyone/everybody/children/boys and girls.(7)How are you today?3.考勤(Checking attendance)(8)Who's on duty today?/Who's helping this morning/today?(9)Is everyone/everybody here/present?(10)Is anyone away?/Is anybody away?(11)Is anyone absent?/Is anybody absent?(12)Who's absent?/Who's away?(13)Where is he/she?(14)Try to be on time./Don't be late next time.(15)Go back to your seat, please.(16)What day is it today?(17)What's the date today?(18)What's the weather like today?(19)What's it like outside?4.宣布(Announcing)(20)Let's start working./Let's begin/start a new lesson./Let's begin/start our lesson.(21)First, let's review/do some review.(22)What did we learn in the last lesson?(23)Who can tell/remember what we did in the last lesson/ yesterday?(24)Now we're going to do something new/different./Now let's learn something new.(25)We have some now words/sentences.5.提起注意(Directing attention)(26)Ready?/Are you ready?(27)Did you get there?/Do you understand?(28)Is that clear?(29)Any volunteers?(30)Do you know what to do?(31)Be quiet, please./Quiet, please.(32)Listen, please.(33)Listen carefully, please.(34)Listen to the tape recorder/the recording.(35)Look carefully, please.(36)Look over here.(37)Watch carefully.(38)Are your watching?(39)Please look at the blackboard/picture/map…(40)Pay attention to your spelling/pronunciation.6.课堂活动(Classroom activities)(41)Start!/Start now.(42) Everybody together./All together.(43)Practise in a group./Practise in groups/in groups, please.(44)Get into groups of three/four …(45)Everybody find a partner/friend.(46)In pairs, please.(47)One at a time./Let's do it one by one.(48)Now you, please./Your turn (Student's name).(49)Next, please. Now you do the same, please.(50)Let's act./Let's act out/do the dialogue.(51)Who wants to be A?(52)Practise the dialogue, please.(53)Now Tom will be A, and the other half will be B.(54)Please take (play) the part of …(55)Whose turn is it?(56)It's your turn.(57)Wait your turn, please.(58)Stand in line./Line up.(59)One by one./One at a time, please.(60)In twos./In pairs.(61)Don't speak out.(62)Turn around.7.请求(Request)(63)Could you please try it again?(64)Could you please try the next one?(65)Will you please help me?8.鼓励(Encouraging)(66)Can you try?(67)Try, please.(68)Try your best./Do your best.(69)Think it over and try again.(70)Don't be afraid/shy.9.指令(Issuing a command)(71)Say/Read after me, please.(72)Follow me, please.(73)Do what I do.(74)Repeat, please./Repeat after me.(75)Once more, please./One more time, please.(76)Come here, please.(77)Please come to the front./Come up and write on the blackboard/chalkboard.(78)Come and write it on the blackboard.(79)Please go back to your seat.(80)In English, please.(81)Put your hand up, please. Raise your hand, please.(82)Put your hands down, please./Hands down, please.(83)Say it/Write it in Chinese/English.(84)Please take out your books.(85)Please open your books at page …/Find page …/Turn to page …(86)Please answer the question/questions./Please answer my question(s).(87)Please read this letter/word/sentence out loud./Please read out this letter/word/sentence.(88)Please stop now./Stop now, please./Stop here, please.(89)Clean up your desk/the classroom, please.(90)It's clean-up time./Tidy up your desk/the classroom.(91)Put your things away./Clean off your desk./Pick up the scraps.(92)Clean the blackboard.(93)Plug in the tape-recorder, please.(94)Put the tape-recorder away.(95)Put the tape in its box/cassette.(96)Listen and repeat.(97)Look and listen.(98)Repeat after me.(99)Follow the words.(100)Fast./Quickly!/Be quick, please.(101)Hurry!/Hurry up, please.(102)Slow down, please.(103)Slowly.(104)Bring me some chalk, please.10.禁止和警告(Prohibition and warning)(105)Stop talking./Stop talking now, please.(106)Don't talk./Everybody quiet, please.(107)Don't be silly.(108)Settle down.11.评价(109)Good, thank you.(110)Good!/Very good./Good job./Good work./Good example.(111)A good answer./Nice work.(112)Excellent./Great!/Well done./Very good./I like the way you …(113)That's interesting!(114)Don't worry about it./No problem.(115)OK!/That's OK.(116)I don't think so.(117)That's not quite right, any other answers?/That's close./That's almost right. (118)Not quite, can anyone help him/her?/Try again.(119)A good try.12.布置作业(Setting homework)(120)For today's homework …(121)Practise after class./Practise at home.(122)Say it out loud, before you write it down.(123)Copy/Print/Write each word twice.(124)Remember (Memorize) these words/sentences.(125)Learn these words/these sentences/this text by heart.(126)Do your homework./Do the next lesson./Do the new work.13.下课(Dismissing the class)(127)Hand in your workbooks, please.(128)Time is up.(129)The bell is ringing.(130)There's the bell.(131)There goes the bell.(132)Let's stop here.(133)That's all for today.(134)Class is over.(135)Goodbye./Bye./See you next time.。
“四化”英语课堂教学用语
作者:方丽玲
来源:《新课程·上旬》2014年第10期
在经济与科技迅速发展的今天,英语的“世界第一语言”位置被越来越多的人和国家所认可,有更多的家长关注孩子英语能力的培养。
因此,他们对英语教师的要求提高了,要求教师坚持尽量用英语教学: Speak English if possible, Speak Chinese if necessary。
但是,小学生接触英语的时间短,教师如何使用课堂用语才能为学生创设更加有利的环境呢?作为小学英语教师的我,认为课堂教学用语要做到以下“四个化”。
一、课堂用语首先要准确化
教师是语言知识的教授者、传播者,是学生直接模仿的对象,教师的语言对学生起着模范作用,所以课堂用语的规范性、准确性尤为重要。
在课堂教学中,教师要尽量避免各种错误,比如,语序错误:Can you guess what does it mean?用词不准确:listen to the recorder.句子成分不正确:Class begin 随意性的课堂用语:Because什么!同时,课堂用语也是学生英语输入的重要来源。
输入有误,学生的输出必定会纰漏百出。
刚开始从事英语教学的教师,要在课前做好充分的准备,确保为学生提供准确无误的语言输入。
二、课堂用语要做到简短化
课堂用语是师生交流的重要媒介,在教师说完之后,是希望从学生中得到较正确的反应的,这样才能维持课堂活动的正常进行。
教师在使用英语课堂用语的时候,应做到尽量简单、通俗易懂,即使遇到音节较长的单词,也要想办法避开,并且对长句进行必要的处理。
如,在用到“Are you ready ?” 时,可以用“Ready?”来代替“Do you understan d?”可以简化成“Understand?”“Who can have a try?”可改成“Can you try?”经过简化处理的课堂用语,既能保持原有的表意功能,又能降低学生听辨和理解的难度,有利于课堂英语氛围的营造。
三、课堂用语要体态化
丰富、形象的身体语言能够帮助听者理解说者的语言内容。
教师可以运用简洁、确切的动作来引导学生的学习活动,既能节省时间又简单明了,易于学生接受。
如教师要学生听自己说时,即:listen to me,可以用手做成喇叭状,放在耳朵旁边;教师需要学生做交换练习时,可用两手做交叉状;需要学生两人一组做Pair work,可对着两位学生用手一抓等等。
四、课堂用语要节奏化
语气平平、声调沉沉的课堂用语无法激起学生的学习兴趣,再加上听不懂的英文,无疑是一首“催眠曲”了。
所以,这就要求教师在授课时,语言要有一定的节奏,或抑或扬,或快或
慢,根据教学内容和学生的听课状态随时做出调整,从而使学生产生不同的听觉效果,让学生想睡都睡不着。
英语课堂是学习英语的重要场所,也是学生说英语、用英语的重要地点。
教师如果能够坚持用英语教学,且能对课堂用语恰当地利用“四化”进行处理、过滤,经过一段时间的训练,就能够形成一个氛围比较浓厚的全英语教学课堂,也就会为广大的学生创造更为广阔的语言实践机会,从而提高英语学习的效率。
编辑张珍珍。