滇池北岸居民-农田混合区域农田土壤氮素空间分布特征研究

第22卷第5期2008年10月水土保持学报Jour nal of Soil and W ater Conserv ationVo l.22No.5Oct.,2008滇池流域农田土壤氮磷流失分析研究程文娟,史 静,夏运生,张乃明*(云南农业大学资源与环境学院,云南昆明650201)摘要:采用实地调查与田间模拟实验相结合的方法,研究了滇池流域沿湖15个乡镇农田地表径流氮、磷流失状况及其影响因素。

结果表明,研究区农田地表径流氮、磷污染负荷很高,年均流失量差异较大,总氮为5.07~113.16kg/hm2,总磷为0.15~10.14kg/hm2。

高强度的化肥施用是造成农田径流氮、磷流失量大的主要原因,同时也与土地利用方式、水肥管理方式及种植制度有关;不同坡度农田径流中氮、磷的输出量不同,从6 ~12 氮、磷流失急剧增大,12 以后流失量增加减缓;无论在一次降雨中,还是在作物生长周期内,径流中氮、磷流失速率均表现出随时间参数增加而递减的趋势;施肥处理不同,氮、磷流失量存在一定差异,其中尿素与普钙配合施用可减少氮、磷流失,同时获得较高的白菜产量。

关键词:农田土壤;氮;磷;非点源污染;滇池流域中图分类号:S151.9 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1009 2242(2008)05 0052 04Farmland Runoff of Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Dianchi WatershedCH ENG Wen juan,SH I Jing,XIA Yun sheng,ZH ANG Nai m ing*(College of Resour ces Envir onment S cience,Yunnan A gr iculture Univ er sity,K unming,Yunnan650201) Abstract:M eans of field survey and simulation test,the present status and influent factors o f nitr ogen and phosphorus loss fro m farmland runoff w ere studied ar ound Dianchi Lake15villages and tow ns.T he r esult show ed that the pollutional loads of nitrog en and phosphorus in farmland runoff in the inv estig ated area w er e hig h,the m ean annual discharge o f nitrog en and phosphorus w as different g reatly,to tal nitrog en 5.07~ 113.16kg/hm2,total pho spho rus0.15~10.14kg/hm2.Ex cessiv e application o f fer tilizer w as the primary reason of nitrogen and pho sphro us loss lar gely,w hich w as also related to land use patter n,w ater and soil manag em ent,farming sy stem.The discharg e of nitrog en and phosphorus varied w ith slopness,increased rapidly fro m6 to12 and increased slow ly from greater than12 .Whether in once rainfall or in crop gr ow th period,the co ncentratio n of nitro gen and phosphorus in the runoff submitted to do w ntrend fo llow temporal pro cess.T he discharge o f nitro gen and pho spho rus varied w ith different fertilizer application,urea and su perphosphate applicatio n could reduce nitrog en and phosphorus loss and heig hten cabbag e yield.Key words:far mland;nitrog en;phosphorus;non point source po llution;Dianchi w atershed滇池流域地处长江、红河、珠江三大水系分水岭地带,总面积2920km2。

滇池东大河流域土壤磷素累积规律及空间分布特征研究
包立;张乃明;农明英
【期刊名称】《土壤》
【年(卷),期】2014(046)003
【摘要】滇池是中国水体富营养化最严重的湖泊之一,磷是造成滇池有害藻类“水华”的限制因子.本文以滇池南岸主要入滇河流——东大河为研究对象,探讨了流域内磷素的累积规律及空间分布特征,结果表明:①流域下游有显著的磷素累积.②土地利用类型对流域土壤磷素累积有显著影响,设施农业是土壤磷素累积的最主要土地利用类型.③流域东北部靠近滇池的区域是磷素累积最严重的区域.
【总页数】5页(P470-474)
【作者】包立;张乃明;农明英
【作者单位】云南农业大学资源与环境学院,昆明650201;云南农业大学资源与环境学院,昆明650201;云南农业大学资源与环境学院,昆明650201
【正文语种】中文
【中图分类】S156.4
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滇池流域土壤氮磷分布特征及关键影响因素研究胡斌;和树庄;陈春瑜;吕文龙;雷冬梅【摘要】为了从流域尺度了解滇池流域土壤氮、磷的水平分布特征,本研究根据不同的土地利用方式,在滇池流域选择130个样点进行表层土壤pH、氮、磷和有机质的测定.结果表明,水平分布呈现为滇池东部盆地区的斗南、马金铺、晋城主要农耕区及西山片区全氮含量较高；北部松花坝、东北部宝象河及南部的山地区全氮含量较低.其中斗南片区土壤氮的含量最高,为2.21 g kg-l;宝象河片区最低,为1.32 g kg-1.土壤全磷水平分布为南部上蒜和东部马金铺、斗南、晋城较高；西山、东大河次之；北部松花坝和东北部宝象河最低.其中上蒜片区最高,含量为2.21 g kg-1;宝象河片区最低,为0.80 g kg-1.大量化肥投入导致污染物氮、磷高积累的大棚种植区和湖滨坝平地成为滇池农业面源污染的高潜力区.因此,有必要重点加强对大棚种植区、湖滨区和坝平地农业面源污染的防控.%In order to understand distribution characteristics of soil nitrogen and phosphorus in the Dianchi watershed at the watershed scale, soil pH, total nitrogen (TN) , total phosphorus (TP) , and soil organic matter were analyzed of 130 surface soil samples collected from lands different in land-use type in the Dianchi Basin. Results show that the soils in the major fanning regions including Dounan, Majingpu and Jincheng in the basin east to Lake Dianchi and some of Xis-han, were higher in total N, and those in Songhuaba in the north, Baoxiang River area in the northeast, and the mountains in the south of the watershed were lower. The highest and the lowest TN content was found in Dounan (2. 21 g kg-1) and Baoxiang River area (1. 32 g kg-1 ) , respectively. And the soils in Shangsuan in the south and Ma-jingpu,Dounan and Jincheng in the east of the watershed were the highest in total P, and followed by those in Xishan are Dongda River area, and those in Songhuaba in the north and Baoxiang River area in the northeast the lowest. The highest and lowest content of TP was found in Shangsuan (2.21 g kg-1) and Baoxiang River area (0. 80 g kg-1) , respectively. The findings suggest that in the greenhouse fanning dominated regions, lakeside plains and flat tablelands, the application of large volumes of chemical fertilizers has led to high accumulation of N and P in the soil, thus making these areas highly potential non-point source agricultural pollution sources. It is, therefore, necessary to intensify control and management of non-point source pollution in those areas.【期刊名称】《土壤学报》【年(卷),期】2012(049)006【总页数】7页(P1178-1184)【关键词】滇池流域;土地利用;土壤;氮;磷;分布特征【作者】胡斌;和树庄;陈春瑜;吕文龙;雷冬梅【作者单位】云南大学生命科学学院,昆明650091;云南大学生命科学学院,昆明650091;云南大学生命科学学院,昆明650091;云南大学生命科学学院,昆明650091;云南大学生命科学学院,昆明650091【正文语种】中文【中图分类】X53氮、磷是引发江河湖泊富营养化的重要因子，是水污染的核心问题［1］。