1998年专业英语四级真题答案

2008年听写Choosing a CareerWhen students graduate from college, / many of them do not know how they want to spend their working lives. / And they sometimes move from job to job / until they find something that suits them / and, of equal importance, to which they are suited. / Others never find a job in which they are really happy. / They remain all their lives square pegs in round holes. /When we choose our careers we need to ask ourselves two questions. / First, what do we think we would like to be? / Second, what kind of people are we? / The idea, for example, of being a painter or a musician may seem very attractive. / But, unless we have great talent and are willing to work very hard, / we are certain to fail in these occupations. / And failure will lead to unhappiness in life. / So it is important to assess our suitability for a certain career in job search.2009年听写New Year’s EveFor many people in the west, New Year’s Eve is the biggest party of the year. / It’s time to get together with friends or family / and welcome in the coming year. / New Year’s parties can take place in different places. / Some people hold a house party; others attend street parties, / while some just go for a few drinks with their friends. / Big cities have large and spectacular fireworks displays. / There is one thing that all New Year’s Eve parties have in common, / the countdown to mid-night. / When the clock strikes 12, people give a loud cheer and sing songs. / It’s also popular to mak e a promise in the New Year. / This is called a New Year’s resolution. / Typical resolutions include giving up smoking and keeping fit. / However the promise is often broken quite quickly / and people are back into their bad habits within weeks or days.2000年听写What We Know about LanguageMany things about language are a mystery and will remain so. // However, we now do know something about it. // First, we know that all human beings have a language of some sort. // No human race anywhere on earth is so backward that it has no language of its own at all. // Second, there is no such thing as a primitive language. // There are many people whose cultures are undeveloped, // but the languages they speak are by no means primitive. // In all the languages existing in the world today, // there are complexities that must have been developed for years. // Third, we know that all languages are perfectly adequate. // Each is a perfect means of expressing its culture. // And finally, we know that language changes over time, // which is natural and normal if a language is to survive. // The language which remains unchanged is nothing but dead.2001年听写Characteristics of a Good ReaderTo improve your reading habits, // you must understand the characteristics of a good reader. // First, the good reader usually reads rapidly. // Of course, he does not read every piece of material at the same rate. // But whether he is reading a newspaper or a chapter in a physics text, // his reading rate is relatively fast. // He has learned to read for ideas rather than words one at a time. // Next, the good reader can recognize and understand general ideas and specific details. // Thus he is able to comprehend the material // with a minimum of effort and a maximum of interest. // Finally, the goodreader has at his command several special skills, // which he can apply to reading problems as they occur. // For the college student, the most helpful of these skills // include making use of the various aids to understanding that most textbooks provide// and skim-reading for a general survey.//2002年听写Disappearing ForestsThe world’s forests are disappearing. / As much as a third of the total tree cover has been lost / since agriculture began some 10 000 years ago. /The remaining forests are home to half of the world species, /thus becoming the chief resource for their survival. / Tropical rain forests once covered 12% of the land of the planet /as well as supporting at least half of the world species of plants and animals. / These rain forests are home to millions of people, / but there are other demands on them. /For example, much has been cut for timber, / and an increasing amount of forestland has been used for industrial purposes /or for agricultural development, such as crop growing. / By the 1990s, less than half of the ea rth’s original rain forests remained, /and they continue to disappear at an alarming rate every year. / As a result, the world’s forests are now facing a gradual extinction. /2003年听写SalmonEvery year, millions of salmon swim from the ocean // into the mouths of rivers and then steadily up the rivers. // Passing through waters, around rocks and waterfalls, // the fish finally reach their original streams or lakes. // They dig out nests in the riverbed and lay their eggs. // Then, exhausted by their journey, the parent salmon die. // They have finished the task that nature has given them. // Months, or years later, the young fish start their trip to the ocean. // They live in the salt water from 2-7 years, // until they, too are ready to swim back to reproduce. // Their life cycle helps man provide himself with a basic food – fish. // When the adult salmon gather at the river mouths for the annual trip up the rivers, // they are in the best possible condition, // and nearly every harbor has its salmon fishing fleet // ready to catch thousands for markets.。

1998年1月大学英语四级考试试题及参考答案1998年1月大学英语四级考试试题及参考答案Part I?Listening Comprehension?(20 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Example:?You will hear:You will read:A) 2 hours.B) 3 hours.C) 4 hours.D) 5 hours.From the conversation we know that the two were talking about some work they will start at 9 o’clock in the morning and have to finish at 2 in the afternoon. Therefore, D) “5 hours” is the correct answer. You should choose [D] on the Answer Sheet and mark it with a single line through the center.Sample Answer [A] [B] [C] [D]1.?A) The man wants to attend tomorrow’s show.B) There aren’t any tickets left for tonight’s show.C) There aren’t any tickets left for tomorrow’s show.D) The man doesn’t want to attend tomorrow’s show.2.?A) Detective stories.B) Stories about jail escapes.C) Love stories.D) Stories about royal families.3.?A) It was a long lecture, but easy to understand.B) It was not as easy as she had thought.C) It was as difficult as she had expected.D) It was interesting and easy to follow.4.?A) To put him through to the director.B) To have a talk with the director about his work.C) To arrange an appointment for him with the director.D) To go and see if the director can meet him right now.5.?A) Margaret wanted to return some magazines to the woman.B) Margaret wanted to lend some magazines to the woman.C) Margaret wanted to borrow some magazines from the woman.D) Margaret wanted to get some magazines back from the woman.6.?A) He doesn’t care much about it.B) He enjoys it very much.C) He doesn’t mind even though it’s tedious.D) He hates working overtime.7.?A) The woman doesn’t think it exciting to travel by air.B) They’ll stay at home during the holidays.C) They are offered some plane tickets for their holidays.D) They’ll be flying somewhere for their vacation.8.?A) Something went wrong with the bus.B) She took somebody to hospital.C) Something prevented her from catching the bus.D) She came on foot instead of taking a bus.9.?A) Do her homework.B) Clean the backyard.C) Wash clothes.D) Enjoy the beautiful day.10.?A) The man is looking for a place to live in.B) The man has a house for rent.C) The woman is a secretary.D) The two speakers are old friends.Section B Compound DictationDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. Then listen to the passage again. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from S1 to S7 with the exact works you have just heard. For blanks numbered from S8 to S10 you are required to fill in the missing information. You can either use the exact works you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.Very few people can get college degree before 11, but Michael was an exception. He started high school when he was 5, finish in just nine months. He became the (S1)___________ youngest college graduate when he was 10 years and 4 months old, earning an (S2) _____________ degree. Now at 11 Michael’s working on a master’s degree in (S3) ___________ intelligence.But Michael’s (S4) ___________ hasn’t always come easy. (S5) _________ his intelligence. He still lacks important life (S6) ________________.In one class, he had to struggle to understand (S7) ____________ novels, because, he says, “I’ve never been in love before.”Another challenge was his size. (S8)________________________________.He likes computers so much (S9) ________________________________________.He wants to make robots do all the heavy tasks. (S10) __________________________. Part II?Reading Comprehension?(35 minutes)Direction:?There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B) C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Passage OneQuestions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage:In bringing up children, every parent watches eagerly the child’s acquisition（学会）of each new skill-the first spoken words, the first independent steps, or the beginning of reading and writing. It is often tempting to hurry the child beyond his natural learning rate, but this can set up dangerous feelings of failure and states of worry in the child: This might happen at any stage. A baby might be forced to use a toilet too early, a young child might be encouraged to learn to read before he knows the meaning of the words he reads. On the other hand, though, if a child is left alone too much, or without any learning opportunities, he loses his natural enthusiasm for life and his desire to find out new things for himself.Patents vary greatly in their degree of strictness towards their children. Some may be especially strict in money matters. Others are sever over times of coming home at night or punctuality for meals. In general, the controls imposed represent the needs of the parents and the values of the community as much as the child’s own happiness.As regards the development of moral standards in the growing child, consistency is very important in parental teaching. To forbid a thing one day and excuse it the next is nofoundation for morality（道德）. Also, parents should realize that “example is better than precept”. If they are not sincere and do not practise what they preach（说教）, their children may grow confused, and emotionally insecure when they grow old enough to think for themselves, and realize they have been to some extent fooled.A sudden awareness of a marked difference between their parents’principles and their morals can be a dangerous disappointment.11.?Eagerly watching the child’s acquisition of new skills _________.?A) should be avoided?B) is universal among parents?C) sets up dangerous states of worry in the child?D) will make him lose interest in learning new things12.?In the process of children’s learning new skills parents ______.A) should encourage them to read before they know the meaning of the words they readB) should not expect too much of themC) should achieve a balance between pushing them too hard and leaving them on their ownD) should create as many learning opportunities as possible13.?The second paragraph mainly tells us that __________.A) parents should be strict with their childrenB) parental controls reflect only the needs of the parents and the values of the communityC) parental restrictions vary, and are not always enforced for the benefit of the children aloneD) parents vary in their strictness towards their children according to the situation14.?The word “precept” (Line 3, Para.3) probably means “_________”.?A) idea?B) punishment?C) behavior?D) instruction15.?In moral matters, parents should __________.?A) observe the rules themselves?B) be aware of the marked difference between adults and children?C) forbid things which have no foundation in morality?D) consistently ensure the security of their childrenPassage TwoQuestions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage:A good modern newspaper is an extraordinary piece of reading. It is remarkable first for what it contains: the range of news from local crime to international politics, from sport to business to fashion to science, and the range of comment and special features （特写）as well, from editorial page to feature articles and interviews to criticism of books, art, theatre and music. A newspaper is even more remarkable for the way one reads it: never completely, never straight through, but always by jumping from here to there, in and not glancing at one piece, reading another article all the way through, reading just a few paragraphs of the next. A good modern newspaper offers variety to attract many different readers, but far more than nay one reader is interested in. What brings this variety together in one place is its topicality（时事性）, its immediate relationto what is happening in your world and your locality now. but immediacy and the speed of production that goes with it mean also that much of what papers in a newspaper has no more than transient（短暂的）value. For all these reasons, no two people really read the same paper: what each person does is to put together out of the pages of that day’s paper, his own selection and sequence, his own newspaper. For all these reasons, reading newspapers efficiently, which means getting what you want from them without missing things you need but without wasting time, demands skill and self-awareness as you modify and apply the techniques of reading.16.?A modern newspaper is remarkable for all the following except its _________.?A) wide coverage?B) uniform style?C) speed in reporting news?D) popularity17.?According to the passage, the reason why no two people really read the “same” newspaper is that ________.?A) people scan for the news they are interested in?B) different people prefer different newspapers?C) people are rarely interested in the same kind of news?D) people have different views about what a good newspaper is18.?It can be conclude from the passage that newspaper readers ________.?A) apply reading techniques skillfully?B) jump from one newspaper to another?C) appreciate the variety of a newspaper?D) usually read a newspaper selectively19.?A good newspaper of fers “a variety” to readers because _________.?A) it tries to serve different readers?B) it has to cover things that happen in a certain locality?C) readers are difficult to please?D) readers like to read different newspapers20.?The best title for thi s passage would be “__________”.?A) The Importance of Newspaper Topicality?B) The Characteristics of a Good Newspaper?C) The Variety of a Good Newspaper?D) Some Suggestions on How to Read a NewspaperPassage ThreeQuestions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:American society is not nap（午睡）friendly. In fact, says David Dinges, a sleep specialist at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine. “There’s even a prohibition against admitting we need sleep.”Nobody wants to be caught napping or found asleep at work. To quote proverb: “Some? sleep five hours, nature requires seven, laziness nine and wickedness eleven.”Wrong. The way not to fall asleep at work is to take naps when you need them. “We have to totally change our attitude toward napping”, says Dr. William Dement of Stanford University, the godfather of sleep research.Last year a national commission led by Dement identified an “American sleep debt”which one member said was as important as the national debt, the commission wasconcerned about the dangers of sleepiness: people causing industrial accidents or falling asleep while driving. This may be why we have a new sleep policy in the White House. According to recent reports, president Clinton is trying to take a half-hour snooze（打瞌睡）every afternoon.About 60 percent of American adults nap when given the opportunity. We seem to have “a midafternoon quiet phase”also called “a secondary sleep gate.”Sleeping 15 minutes to two hours in the early afternoon can reduce stress and make us refreshed. Clearly, we were born to nap.We Superstars of Snooze don’t nap to replace lost shut-eye or to prepare for a night shift. Rather, we “snack”on sleep, whenever, wherever and at whatever time we feel like it. I myself have napped in buses, cars, planes and on boats; on floors and beds; andin libraries, offices and museums.21.?It is commonly accepted in American society that too much sleep is _______.?A) unreasonable?B) criminal?C) harmful?D) costly22.?The research done by the Dement commission shows that Americans ________.?A) don’t like to take naps?B) are terribly worried about their national debt?C) sleep less than is good for them?D) have caused many industrial and traffic accidents23.?The purpose of this article is to ___________.?A) warn us of the wickedness of napping?B) explain the danger of sleepiness?C) discuss the side effects of napping?D) convince the reader of the necessity of napping24.?The “American sleep debt” (Line 1, Para.3) is the result of _________.?A) the traditional misconception the Americans have about sleep?B) the new sleep policy of the Clinton Administration?C) the rapid development of American industry?D) the Americans’ worry about the danger of sleepiness25.?The second sentence of the last paragraph tells us that it is __________.?A) preferable to have a sound sleep before a night shift?B) good practice to eat something light before we go to bed?C) essential to make up for cost sleep?D) natural to take a nap whenever we feel the need for itPassage FourQuestions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage:Violin prodigies（神童）, I learned, have come in distinct waves from distinct regions. Most of the great performers if the late 19th and early 20th centuries were born and brought up in Russia and Eastern Europe. I asked Isaac Stern, one of the world’s greatest violinists the reason for this phenomenon. “It is very clear,”he told me. “They were all Jews（犹太人）and Jews at the time were severely oppressed and ill-treated in that part of the world. They were not allowed into the professional fields, but they were allowed to achieve excellence on a concert stage.” As a result, every Jewish parent’s dream was tohave a child in the music school because it was a passport to the West.Another element in the emergence of prodigies, I found, is a society that values excellence in a certain field to nurture（培育）talent. Nowadays, the most nurturing societies seem to be in the Far East. “In Japan, a most competitive society, with stronger discipline than ours,” says Isaac Stem, children are ready to test their limits every day in many fields, including music. When Western music came to Japan after World War II, that music not only became part of their daily lives, but it became a discipline as well. The Koreans and Chinese as we know, are just as highly motivated as the Japanese.That’s a good thing, because even prodigies must work hard. Next to hard work, biological inheritance plays an important role in the making of a prodigy .J. S. Bach, for example, was the top of several generations of musicians, and four of his sons had significant careers in music.26.?Jewish parents in Eastern Europe longed for their children to attend music school because _________.?A) it would allow them access to a better life in the West?B) Jewish children are born with excellent musical talent?C) they wanted their children to enter into the professional field?D) it would enable the family to get better treatment in their own country27.?Nurturing societies as mentioned in the passage refer to societies that, _________. ?A) enforce strong discipline on students who want to achieve excellence?B) treasure talent and provide opportunities for its full development?C) encourage people to compete with each other?D) promise talented children high positions28.?Japan is described in the passage as a country that attaches importance to_________.?A) all-round development?B) the learning of Western music?C) strict training of children?D) variety in academic studies29.?Which of the following contributes to the emergence of musical prodigies according to the passage??A) A natural gift.?B) Extensive knowledge of music.?C) Very early training.?D) A prejudice-free society.30.?Which of the following titles best summarises the main idea of the passage??A) Jewish Contribution to Music.?B) Training of Musicians in the World?C) Music and Society?D) The Making of ProdigiesPart III?Vocabulary and Structure?(20 minutes)Directions:?There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.31?Although punctual himself, the professor was quite ________ used late for his lecture.?A) to have students??B) for students’ being?C) for students to be??D) to students’ being32?You should have been more patient ________ that customer; I’m sure that selling him the watch was a possibility.?A) of??B) with?C) for??D) at33?Neither of the young men who had applied for a position in the university _______. ?A) has been accepted??B) have been accepted?C) was accepted??D) were accepted34?This box is too heavy, ________ give me a hand??A) would you mind??B) would you please?C) will you like to??D) will you please to35?__________ he works hard, I don’t mind when he finishes the experiment.?A) As soon as??B) As well as?C) So far as??D) So long as36?As early as 1647 Ohio made a decision that free, tax-supported schools must be established in every town __________ 50 households or more.?A) having ??B) to have?C) to have had??D) having had37?People appreciate __________ with him because he has a good sense of humor. ?A) to work??B) to have worked?C) working??D) having worked38?The man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he _______ himself.?A) injure??B) had injured?C) injured??D) would injure39?We love peace, yet we are not the kind of people to yield ________ any military threat.?A) up??B) to?C) in??D) at40?Although he knew little about the large amount of work done in the field, he succeeded __________ other more well-informed experimenters failed.?A) which??B) that?C) what??D) where41?If tap water were as dangerous as some people think, ________ would be getting sick. ?A) a lot of more us?B) more a lot of us?C) a lot of us more??D) a lot more of us42?Living in the central Australian desert has its problems. _________ obtaining water is not the least.?A) for which??B) to which?C) of which??D) in which43?Which sport has the most expenses _______ training equipment, players’ personal equipment and uniforms??A) in place of??B) in terms of?C) by means of??D) by way of44?They are going to have the serviceman _________ an electric fan in the office tomorrow.?A) install??B) to install?C) to be installed??D) installed45?I’m sure he is up to the job __________ he would give his mind to it.?A) if only??B) in case?C) until??D) unless46?The car _______ halfway for no reason.?A) broke off??B) broke down?C) broke up??D) broke out47?The newcomers found it impossible to ______ themselves to the climate sufficiently to make permanent homes in the new country.?A) suit??B) adapt?C) regulate??D) coordinate48?A __________ to this problem is expected to be found before long.?A) result??B) response?C) settlement??D) solution49?You have nothing to __________ by refusing to listen to our advice.?A) gain??B) grasp?C) seize??D) earn50?As a result of c areless washing the jacket ________ to a child’s size.?A) compressed??B) shrank?C) dropped??D) decreased51?He hoped the firm would _________ him to the Paris branch.?A) exchange??B) transmit?C) transfer??D) remove52?Having decided to rent a flat, we __________ contacting all the accommodation agencies in the city.?A) set about??B) set down?C) set out??D) set up53?The relationship between employers and employees has been studied ________.?A) originally??B) extremely?C) violently??D) intensively54?__________ their differences. The couple were developing an obvious and genuine affection for each other.?A) But for??B) For all?C) Above all??D) Except for55?One day I _________ a newspaper article about the retirement of an English professor at a nearby state college.?A) came across??B) came about?C) came after??D) came at56?She was complaining that the doctor was ________ too much for the treatment he was giving her.?A) expending ??B) offering?C) costing??D) charging57?The manager spoke highly of such _______ as loyalty, courage and truthfulness shown by his employees.?A) virtues??B) features?C) properties??D) characteristics58?Since the matter was extremely _______, we dealt with it immediately.?A) tough??B) tense?C) urgent??D) instant59?You don’t have to be in such a hurry, I would rather you _______ on business first.?A) would go??B) will go?C) went??D) have gone60?When I try to understand ________ that prevents so many Americans from being as happy as one might expect, it seems to me that there are two causes.?A) why it does??B) what it does?C) what it is??D) why it isPart IV?Cloze?(15 minutes)Directions:?There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D) on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.During recent years we have heard much about “race”: how this race does certain things and that race believes certain things and so on. Yet, the ___61___ phenomenon of race consists of a few surface indications.We judge race usually ___62___ the colouring of the skin: a white race, a brown race, a yellow race and a black race. But ___63___ you were to remove the skin you could not ___64___ anything about the race to which the individual belonged. There is ___65___ in physical structure, the brain or the internal organs to ___66___ a difference.There are four types of blood. ___67___ types are found in every race, and no typeis distinct to any race. Human brains are the ___68___. No scientists could examine a brain and tell you the race to which the individual belonged. Brains will ___69___ in size, but this occurs within every race. ___70___ does size have anything to do with intelligence. The largest brain ___71___ examined belonged to a person of weak___72___. On the other hand, some of our most distinguished, people have had___73___ brains.Mental tests which are reasonably ___74___ show no differences in intelligence between races. High and low test results both can be recorded by different members ofany race. ___75___ equal educational advantages, there will be no difference in average standings, either on account of race or geographical location.Individuals of every race ___76___ civilization to go backward or forward. Training and education can change the response of a group of people ___77___ enable them to behave in a ___78___ way.The behavior and ideals of people change according to circumstances, but they can always go back or go on to something new ___79___ is better and higher than anything ___80___ the past.61. A) complete?B) full?C) total?D) whole62. A) in?B) from?C) at?D) on63. A) since?B) if?C) as?D) while64. A) speak?B) talk?C) tell?D) mention65. A) something?B) everything?C) nothing?D) anything66. A) display?B) indicate?C) demonstrate?D) appear67. A) All?B) Most?C) No?D) Some68. A) same?B) identical?C) similar?D) alike69. A) remain?B) increase?C) decrease?D) vary70. A) Only?B) Or?C) Nor?D) So71. A) ever?B) then?C) never?D) once72. A) health?B) body?C) mind?D) thought73. A) big?B) small?C) minor?D) major74. A) true?B) exact?C) certain?D) accurate75. A) Provided?B) Concerning?C) Given?D) Following76. A) make?B) cause?C) move?D) turn77. A) and?B) but?C) though?D) so78. A) ordinary?B) peculiar?C) usual?D) common79. A) that?B) what?C) whichever?D) whatever80. A) for?B) to?C) within?D) inPart V?Writing?(30 minutes)Directions:?For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Harmfulness of Fake Commodities. You should write at least 100 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:1. 目前社会上有不少假冒伪劣商品（fake commodities）。

98年英语专四完形真题[15 MIN]Decide which of the choices given below would correctly complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks. Mark the correct choice for each blank an your answer sheet.The way that people spend their money, and the objects on which they spend it, are the last areas where free choice and individuality can be expressed. The choice reflects personal taste, the way people see themselves and the fantasies they (26) about their lives, the restrictions on money available (27) them, the presence of others in the family with a (28) on that money, and the influence of current convention, (29) , surroundings and locality. Shopping is an important human activity.Yet shoppers are (30) with a confusing situation and a(n) (31) changing one.The confusion arises from the claims (32) adverting, from inadequate information about new products, new materials, new places to shop--a confusion enhanced by rising prices and a (n) ( 33 ) choice of goods than ever before.The search (34) the right purchase is based on ignorance of (35) own needs and ignorance of the product's (36) for those needs. When choosing any particular item, there are several lines of communication which might provide some guidance. (37) none of these is entirely satisfactory. For example, you can ask a shop assistant initially. (38) you find one, she may quite (39) not know the answers. She may be a schoolgirl with a Saturday job, or a housewife (40) part-time.26. [A] imagine [B] possess [C] have [D]own27. [A] to [B] for [C] with [D] of28. [A] right [B] demand [C] request [D] claim29. [A] growth [B] upbringing [C] cultivation [D] expansion30. [A] dealt [B] faced [C] coped [D] greeted31. [A] suddenly [B] instantly [C] rapidly [D] readily32. [A] made by [B] seen in [C] hinted at [D] set in33. [A] ampler [B] larger [C] broader [D] wider34. [A] from [B] into [C] for [D] with35. [A] their [B] one's [C] his [D] her35. [A] fitness [B] use [C] value [D] worth37. [A] And [B] Still [C] Yet [D] Even38. [A] Even if [B] Although [C] Because [D] While39. [A] generally [B] authentically [C] innocently [D] genuinely40. [A] studying [B] practicing [C] working D] shopping Keys:26. C 27. A 28.D 29.C 30. B31. C 32. A 33.D 34.C 35. B36. A 37. C 38.A 39.A 40. C。

TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (1998)-GRADE FOUR—PART I WRITING （45 MIN）SECTION A COMPOSITION （35 MIN）It is now generally accepted that vehicles (cars, trucks, etc。

) are a major source of air pollution in cities。

You are to suggest only ONE way to solve the problem。

Write on ANSWER SHEET ONE a composition of about 150 words on the following topic:ONE WAY TO SOLVE THE PROBLEMYou are to write in three paragraphs。

In the first paragraph，state what your suggested way is.In the second paragraph, state one or two advantages of your suggestion。

In the last paragraph，bring what you have written to a natural conclusion.Marks will be awarded for content，organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the instructions may result in a loss of marks。

SECTION B NOTE-WRITING （10 MIN)Write on ANSWER SHEET ONE a note of about 50—60 words based on the following situation：You are Mark or Sally. You have got a ticket to a computer fair，but you now find that you are unable to go. Write a note to your friend, George，explaining why you are sending the enclosed ticket to him and telling him briefly how to get there. Marks will be awarded for content，organization, grammar and appropriateness.PART II DICTATION (15 MIN)Listen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times。

2008年听写Choosing a CareerWhen students graduate from college, / many of them do not know how they want to spend their working lives. / And they sometimes move from job to job / until they find something that suits them / and, of equal importance, to which they are suited. / Others never find a job in which they are really happy. / They remain all their lives square pegs in round holes. /When we choose our careers we need to ask ourselves two questions. / First, what do we think we would like to be? / Second, what kind of people are we? / The idea, for example, of being a painter or a musician may seem very attractive. / But, unless we have great talent and are willing to work very hard, / we are certain to fail in these occupations. / And failure will lead to unhappiness in life. / So it is important to assess our suitability for a certain career in job search.2009年听写New Year’s EveFor many people in the west, New Year’s Eve is the biggest party of the year. / It’s time to get together with friends or family / and welcome in the coming year. / New Year’s parties can take place in different places. / Some people hold a house party; others attend street parties, / while some just go for a few drinks with their friends. / Big cities have large and spectacular fireworks displays. / There is one thing that all New Year’s Eve parties have in common, / the countdown to mid-night. / When the clock strikes 12, people give a loud cheer and sing songs. / It’s also popular to mak e a promise in the New Year. / This is called a New Year’s resolution. / Typical resolutions include giving up smoking and keeping fit. / However the promise is often broken quite quickly / and people are back into their bad habits within weeks or days.2000年听写What We Know about LanguageMany things about language are a mystery and will remain so. // However, we now do know something about it. // First, we know that all human beings have a language of some sort. // No human race anywhere on earth is so backward that it has no language of its own at all. // Second, there is no such thing as a primitive language. // There are many people whose cultures are undeveloped, // but the languages they speak are by no means primitive. // In all the languages existing in the world today, // there are complexities that must have been developed for years. // Third, we know that all languages are perfectly adequate. // Each is a perfect means of expressing its culture. // And finally, we know that language changes over time, // which is natural and normal if a language is to survive. // The language which remains unchanged is nothing but dead.2001年听写Characteristics of a Good ReaderTo improve your reading habits, // you must understand the characteristics of a good reader. // First, the good reader usually reads rapidly. // Of course, he does not read every piece of material at the same rate. // But whether he is reading a newspaper or a chapter in a physics text, // his reading rate is relatively fast. // He has learned to read for ideas rather than words one at a time. // Next, the good reader can recognize and understand general ideas and specific details. // Thus he is able to comprehend the material // with a minimum of effort and a maximum of interest. // Finally, the goodreader has at his command several special skills, // which he can apply to reading problems as they occur. // For the college student, the most helpful of these skills // include making use of the various aids to understanding that most textbooks provide// and skim-reading for a general survey.//2002年听写Disappearing ForestsThe world’s forests are disappearing. / As much as a third of the total tree cover has been lost / since agriculture began some 10 000 years ago. /The remaining forests are home to half of the world species, /thus becoming the chief resource for their survival. / Tropical rain forests once covered 12% of the land of the planet /as well as supporting at least half of the world species of plants and animals. / These rain forests are home to millions of people, / but there are other demands on them. /For example, much has been cut for timber, / and an increasing amount of forestland has been used for industrial purposes /or for agricultural development, such as crop growing. / By the 1990s, less than half of the ea rth’s original rain forests remained, /and they continue to disappear at an alarming rate every year. / As a result, the world’s forests are now facing a gradual extinction. /2003年听写SalmonEvery year, millions of salmon swim from the ocean // into the mouths of rivers and then steadily up the rivers. // Passing through waters, around rocks and waterfalls, // the fish finally reach their original streams or lakes. // They dig out nests in the riverbed and lay their eggs. // Then, exhausted by their journey, the parent salmon die. // They have finished the task that nature has given them. // Months, or years later, the young fish start their trip to the ocean. // They live in the salt water from 2-7 years, // until they, too are ready to swim back to reproduce. // Their life cycle helps man provide himself with a basic food – fish. // When the adult salmon gather at the river mouths for the annual trip up the rivers, // they are in the best possible condition, // and nearly every harbor has its salmon fishing fleet // ready to catch thousands for markets.。

1998年6月大学英语四级(CET-4)真题试卷Part I Listening Comprehension (20 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both theconversation and the question will be spoken only once. After eachquestion there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the fourchoices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer.Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single linethrough the center.Example:You will hear:You will read:A) 2 hours.B) 3 hours.C) 4 hours.D) 5 hours.From the conversation we know that the two were talking about some work they will start at 9 o’clock in the morning and have to finish at 2 in the afternoon. Therefore, D) “5 hours” is the correct answer. You should choose [D] on the Answer Sheet and mark it with a single line through the center.Sample Answer [A] [B] [C] [D]1. A) They are twins.B) They are classmates.C) They are friends.D) They are colleagues.2. A) The man is planning a trip to Austin.B) The man has not been to Austin before.C) The man doesn’t like Austin.D) The man has been to Austin before.3. A) The size of the room.B) Long working hours.C) The hot weather.D) The fan in the room.4. A) The man has changed his destination.B) The man is returning his ticket.C) The man is flying to New York tomorrow morning.D) The man can’t manage to go to New York as planned.5. A) It is difficult to identify.B) It has been misplaced.C) It is missing.D) It has been borrowed by someone.6. A) Looking for a timetable.B) Buying some furniture.C) Reserving a table.D) Window shopping.7. A) Cold and windy.B) Snow will be replaced by strong winds.C) It will get better.D) Rainy and cold.8. A) It is no longer available.B) It has been reprinted four times.C) The store doesn’t have it now, but will have it soon.D) The information in the book is out of date.9. A) Henry doesn’t like the color.B) Someone else painted the house.C) There was no ladder in the house.D) Henry painted the house himself.10. A) In a cotton field.B) At a railway station.C) On a farm.D) On a train.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage,you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will bespoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the bestanswer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark thecorresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through thecenter.Passage oneQuestions 11 to 13 are based on the passage you have just heard.11. A) They invited him to a party.B) They asked him to make a speech.C) They gave a special dinner for him.D) They invited his wife to attend the dinner.12. A) He was embarrassed.B) He felt greatly encouraged.C) He felt sad.D) He was deeply touched.13. A) Sam’s wife did not think that the company was fair to Sam.B) Sam’s wife was satisfied with the gold watch.C) Sam did not like the gold watch.D) The company had some financial problems.Passage TwoQuestions 14 to 16 are based on the passage you have just heard.14. A) The number of students they take in is limited.B) They receive little or no support from public taxes.C) They are only open to children from rich families.D) They have to pay more taxes.15. A) Private schools admit more students.B) Private schools charge less than religious schools.C) Private schools run a variety of programs.D) Private schools allow students to enjoy more freedom.16. A) The churches.B) The program designers.C) The local authorities.D) The state government.Passage ThreeQuestions 17 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard.17. A) She was found stealing in a bookstore.B) She caught someone in the act of stealing.C) She admitted having stolen something.D) She said she was wrongly accused of stealing.18. A) A book.B) $3,000.C) A handbag.D) A Christmas card.19. A) She was questioned by the police.B) She was shut in a small room for 20 minutes.C) She was insulted by the shopper around her.D) She was body-searched by the store manager.20. A) They refused to apologize for having followed her through the town.B) They regretted having wrongly accused her of stealing.C) They still suspected that she was a thief.D) The agreed to pay her $3,000 damages.Part II Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choicesmarked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and markthe corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through thecenter.Passage OneQuestions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.Psychologist George Spilich and colleagues at Washington College in Chestertown, Maryland, decided to find out whether, as many smokers say, smoking helps them to “think and concentrate.Spilich put young non-smokers, active smokers and smokers deprived (被剥夺) of cigarettes through a series of tests.In the first test, each subject (试验对象) sat before a computer screen and pressed a key as soon as he or she recognized a target letter among a grouping of 96. In this simple test, smokers, deprived smokers and non-smokers performed equally well.The next test was more complex, requiring all to scan sequences of 20 identical letters and respond the instant one of the letters transformed into a different one. Non-smokers were faster, but under the stimulation of nicotine (尼古丁), active smokers were faster than deprived smokers.In the third test of short-term memory, non-smokers made the fewest errors, but deprived smokers committed fewer errors than active smokers.The fourth test required people to read a passage, then answer questions about it. Non-smokers remembered 19 percent more of the most important information than active smokers, and deprived smokers bested those who had smoked a cigarette just before testing. Active smokers tended not only to have poorer memories but also had trouble separating important information from insignificant details.“As our tests became more complex,” s ums up Spilich, “non-smokers performed better than smokers by wider and wider margins” He predicts, “smokers might perform adequately at many jobs-until they got complicated. A smoking airline pilot could fly adequately if no problems arose, but if something went wrong, smoking might damage his mental capacity.”21. The purpose of George Spilich’s experiments is ________.A) to test whether smoking has a positive effect on the mental capacity of smokersB) to show how smoking damages people’s mental capacityC) to prove that smoking affects people’s regular performanceD) to find out whether smoking helps people’s short-term memory22. George Spilich’s experiment was conducted in such a way as to ________.A) compel the subjects to separate major information from minor detailsB) put the subjects through increasingly complex testsC) check the effectiveness of nicotine on smokersD) register the prompt responses of the subjects23. The word “bested” (Line 3, Para. 5) most probably means ________.A) beatB) enviedC) caught up withD) made the best of24. Which of the following statements is true?A) Active smokers in general performed better than deprived smokers.B) Active smokers responded more quickly than the other subjects.C) Non-smokers were not better than other subjects in performing simple tasks.D) Deprived smokers gave the slowest responses to the various tasks.25. We can infer from the last paragraph that ________.A) smokers should not expect to become airline pilotsB) smoking in emergency cases causes mental illnessC) no airline pilots smoke during flightsD) smokers may prove unequal to handing emergency casesPassage TwoQuestions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.There is no denying that students should learn something about how computers work, just as we expect them at least to understand that the internal-combustion engine (内燃机) has something to do with burning fuel, expanding gases and pistons (活塞) being driven. For people should have some basic idea of how the things that they use do what they do. Further, students might be helped by a course that considers the computer’s impact on society. But that is not what is meant by computer literacy. For computer literacy is not a form of literacy (读写能力); it is a trade skill that should not be taught as a liberal art.Learning how to use a computer and learning how to program one are two distinct activities. A case might be made that the competent citizens of tomorrow should free themselves from their fear of computers. But this is quite different from saying that all ought to know how to program one. Leave that to people who have chosen programming as a career. While programming can be lots of fun, and while our society needs some people who are experts at it, the same is true of auto repaid and violin-making.Learning how to use a computer is not that difficult, and it gets easier all the time as programs become more “user-friendly”. Let us assume that in the future everyone is going to have to know how to use a computer to be a competent citizen. What does the phrase “learning to use a computer” mean? It sounds like “learning to drive a car”, tha t is, it sounds as if there is some set of definite skills that, once acquired, enable one to use a computer.In fact, “learning to use a computer” is much more like “learning to play a game”, but learning the rules of one game may not help you play a second game, whose rules may not be the same. There is no such a thing as teaching someone how to use a computer. One can only teach people to use this or that program and generally that is easily accomplished.26. To be the competent citizens of tomorrow, people should ________.A) try to lay a solid foundation in computer scienceB) be aware of how the things that they use do what they doC) learn to use a computer by acquiring a certain set of skillsD) understand that programming a computer is more essential than repairing a car27. In the second paragraph “violin-making” is mentioned to show that ________.A) programming a computer is as interesting as making a violinB) our society needs experts in different fieldsC) violin-making requires as much skill as computer programmingD) people who can use a computer don’t necessarily have to know computerprogramming28. Learning to use a computer is getting easier all the time because ________.A) programs are becoming less complicatedB) programs are designed to be convenient to usersC) programming is becoming easier and easierD) programs are becoming readily available to computer users29. According to the author, the phrase “learning to use a computer” (Lines 3-4, Para. 3)means learning ________.A) a set of rulesB) the fundamentals of computer scienceC) specific programsD) general principles of programming30. The author’s purpose in writing this passage is ________.A) to stress the impact of the computer on societyB) to explain the concept of the computer literacyC) to illustrate the requirements for being competent citizens of tomorrowD) to emphasize that computer programming is an interesting and challenging jobPassage ThreeQuestions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.The way people hold to the belief that a fun-filled, pain free life equals happiness actually reduces their chances of ever attaining real happiness, if fun and pleasure are equal to happiness then pain must be equal to unhappiness. But in fact, the opposite is true: more often than not things that lead to happiness involve some pain.As a result, many people avoid the very attempts that are the source of true happiness. They fear the pain inevitably brought by such things as marriage, raising children, professional achievement, religious commitment (承担的义务), self-improvement.Ask a bachelor (单身汉) why he resists marriage even though he finds dating to be less and less satisfying. If he is honest he will tell you that he is afraid of making a commitment. For commitment is in fact quite painful. The single life is filled with fun, adventure, excitement. Marriage has such moments, but they are not its most distinguishing features.Couples with infant children are lucky to get a whole night’s sleep or a three-day vacation. I don’t know any parent who would choose the word fun to describe raising children. But couples who decide not to have children never know the joys of watching a child grow up or of playing with a grandchild.Understanding and accepting that true happiness has nothing to do with fun is one of the most liberating realizations. It liberates time: now we can devote more hours to activities that can genuinely increase our happiness. It liberates money: buying that new car or those fancy clothes that will do nothing to increase our happiness now seems pointless. And it liberates us from envy: we now understand that all those who are always having so much fun actually may not be happy at all.31. According to the author, a bachelor resists marriage chiefly because ________.A) he is reluctant to take on family responsibilitiesB) he believes that life will be more cheerful if he remains singleC) he finds more fun in dating than in marriageD) he fears it will put an end to all his fun adventure and excitement32. Raising children, in the author’s opinion, is ________.A) a moral dutyB) a thankless jobC) a rewarding taskD) a source of inevitable pain33. From the last paragraph, we learn that envy sometimes stems from ________.A) hatredB) misunderstandingC) prejudiceD) ignorance34. To understand what true happiness is one must ________.A) have as much run as possible during one’s lifetimeB) make every effort to liberate oneself from painC) put up with pain under all circumstancesD) be able to distinguish happiness from fun35. What is the author trying to tell us?A) Happiness often goes hand in hand with pain.B) One must know how to attain happiness.C) It is important to make commitments.D) It is pain that leads to happiness.Passage FourQuestions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.It’s very interesting to note where the debate about diversity (多样化) is taking place. It is taking place primarily in political circles. Here at the College Fund, we have a lot of contact with top corporate (公司的) leaders; none of them is talking about getting rid of those instruments that produce diversity. In fact, they say that if their companies are to compete in the global village and in the global market place, diversity is an imperative. They also say that the need for talented, skilled Americans means we have to expand the pool means promoting policies that help provide skills to more minorities, more women and more immigrants. Corporate leaders know that if that doesn’t occur in our society, they will not have the engineers, the scientist, the lawyers, or the business managers they will need.Likewise, I don’t hear people in the academy saying. “Let’s go backward. Let’s go back to the good old days, when we had a meritocracy (不拘一格选人才) “ (which was never true-we never had a meritocracy, although we’ve come close to it in the last 30 years). I recently visited a great little college in New York where the campus had doubled its minority population in the last six years. I talked with an African American who has been a professor there for a long time, and she remembers that when she first joined the community, there were fewer than a handful of minorities on campus. Now, all of us feel the university is better because of the diversity. So where we hear this debate is primarily in political circles and in the media-not in corporate board rooms or on college campuses.36. The word “imperative” (Line 5, Para. 1) most probably refers to something________.A) superficialB) remarkableC) debatableD) essential37. Which of the following groups of people still differ in their views on diversity?A) Minorities.B) Politicians.C) Professors.D) Managers.38. High corporate leaders seem to be in favor of promoting diversity so as to________.A) lower the rate of unemploymentB) win equal political rights for minoritiesC) be competitive in the world marketD) satisfy the demands of a growing population39. It can be inferred from the passage that ________.A) meritocracy can never be realized without diversityB) American political circles will not accept diversityC) it is unlikely that diversity will occur in the U.S. mediaD) minorities can only enter the fields where no debate is heard about diversity40. According to the passage diversity can be achieved in American society by________.A) expanding the pool of potential employeesB) promoting policies that provide skills to employeesC) training more engineers, scientists lawyers and business managersD) providing education for all regardless of race or sexPart III Vocabulary and Structure (20 minutes)Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the ONE that bestcompletes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the AnswerSheet with a single line through the center.41. The last half of the nineteenth century ________ the steady improvement in themeans of travel.A) has witnessedB) was witnessedC) witnessedD) is witnessed42. The shy girl felt ________ and uncomfortable when she could not answer herteacher’s questions.A) amazedB) awkwardC) curiousD) amused43. Ann never dreams of ________ for her to be sent abroad very soon.A) there being a chanceB) there to be a chanceC) there be a chanceD) being a chance44. It was very kind of you to do the washing-up, but you ________ it.A) mustn’t have doneB) wouldn’t have doneC) mightn’t have doneD) didn’t have to do45. Frequently single-parent children ________ some of the functions that the absentadult in the house would have served.A) take offB) take afterC) take inD) take on46. He gives people the impression ________ all his life broad.A) of having spentB) to have spentC) of being spentD) to spend47. A peculiarly pointed chin is his most memorable facial ________.A) markB) featureC) traceD) appearance48. I’d rather you ________ make any comment on the issue for the time being.A) don’tB) wouldn’tC) didn’tD) shouldn’t49. All things ________, the planned trip will have to be called off.A) consideredB) be consideredC) consideringD) having considered50. John Dewey believed that education should be a preparation for life, that a personlearns by doing, and that teaching must ________ the curiosity and creativity of children.A) seekB) stimulateC) shapeD) secure51. Criticism and self-criticism is necessary ________ it helps us to find and correct ourmistakes.A) by thatB) at thatC) on thatD) in that52. However, at times this balance in nature is ________, resulting in a number ofpossibly unforeseen effects.A) troubledB) disturbedC) confusedD) puzzled53. If she doesn’t tell him the truth now, he’ll simply keep on asking her until she________.A) doesB) has doneC) will doD) would do54. The patient’s health failed to such an extent that he was put into ________ care.A) tenseB) rigidC) intensiveD) tight55. Does everyone on earth have an equal right ________ an equal share of itsresources?A) byB) atC) toD) over56. Americans eat ________ as they actually need every day.A) twice as much proteinB) twice protein as much twiceC) twice protein as muchD) protein as twice much57. In 1914, an apparently insignificant event in a remote part of Eastern Europe________ Europe into a great war.A) insertedB) imposedC) pitchedD) plunged58. The British are not so familiar with different cultures and other ways of doing things,________ is often the case in other countries.A) asB) whatC) soD) that59. There are few electronic applications ________ to raise fears regarding futureemployment opportunities than robots.A) likelyB) more likelyC) most likelyD) much likely60. We had to ________ a lot of noise when the children were at home.A) go in forB) hold on toC) put up withD) keep pace with61. What he said just now had little to do with the question ________ discussion.A) onB) inC) underD) at62. We need a chairman ________.A) for whom everyone has confidenceB) in whom everyone has confidenceC) who everyone has confidence ofD) whom everyone has confidence on63. Over a third of the population was estimated to have no ________ to the healthservice.A) assessmentB) assignmentC) exceptionD) access64. Excuse me. If your call’s not too urgent, do you mind ________ mine first?A) I makeB) if I makeC) me to makeD) that I make65. Professor Taylor’s talk has indicated that science has a very strong ________ on theeveryday life of non-scientists as well as scientists.A) motivationB) perspectiveC) impressionD) impact66. After a few rounds of talks, both sides regarded the territory dispute ________.A) being settledB) to be settledC) had settledD) as settled67. Floods cause billions of dollars worth of property damage ________.A) relativelyB) actuallyC) annuallyD) comparatively68. We are all for your proposal that the discussion ________.A) be put offB) was put offC) should put offD) is to put off69. These goods are ________ for export, though a few of them may be sold on thehome market.A) essentiallyB) completelyC) necessarilyD) remarkably70. The course normally attracts 20 students per year, ________ up to half will be fromoverseas.A) in whichB) for whomC) with whichD) of whomPart IV Cloze (15 minutes)Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D) on the right side of the paper. You shouldchoose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark thecorresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through thecentre.The task of being accepted and enrolled (招收) in a university begins early for some students. Long __71__ they graduate from high school. These Students take special __72__ to prepare for advanced study. They may also take one of more examinations that test how __73__ prepared they are for the university. In the final year of high school, they __74__ applications and send them, with their student records, to the universitieswhich they hope to __75__. Some high school students many be __76__ to have an interview with representatives of the university. Neatly, __77__, and usually very frightened, they are __78__ to show that they have a good attitude and the __79__ to succeed.When the new students are finally __80__, there may be one more step they have to __81__ before registering for classes and __82__ to work. Many colleges and universities __83__ an orientation (情况介绍) program for new students. __84__ these programs, the young people get to know the __85__ for registration and student advising, university rules, the __86__ of the library and all the other __87__ services of the college or university.Beginning a new life in a new place can be very __88__. The more knowledge students have __89__ the school, the easier it will be fore them to __90__ to the new environment. However, it takes time to get used to college life.71. A) asB) afterC) sinceD) before72. A) coursesB) disciplinesC) majorsD) subjects73. A) deeplyB) widelyC) wellD) much74. A) fulfillB) finishC) completeD) accomplish75. A) attendB) participateC) studyD) belong76. A) acquiredB) consideredC) orderedD) required77. A) decoratedB) dressedC) coatedD) worn78. A) decidedB) intendedC) settledD) determined79. A) powerB) abilityC) possibilityD) quality80. A) adoptedB) acceptedC) receivedD) permitted81. A) makeB) undergoC) takeD) pass82. A) gettingB) puttingC) fallingD) sitting83. A) offerB) affordC) grantD) supply84. A) ForB) AmongC) InD) On85. A) processesB) proceduresC) projectsD) provisions86. A) applicationB) usageC) useD) utility87. A) majorB) prominentC) keyD) great88. A) amusingB) misleadingC) alarmingD) confusing89. A) beforeB) aboutC) onD) at90. A) fitB) suitC) yieldD) adaptPart V Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Do “Lucky Numbers” Really Bring Good Luck?. You should write atleast 100 words and you should base your composition on the outline(given in Chinese) below.1. 有些人认为某些数字会带来好运。

1998年英语专业四级考试真题PART ⅣCLOZE [15 MIN]Decide which of the choices given below would correctly complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks. Mark the correct choice for each blank an your answer sheet.The way that people spend their money, and the objects on which they spend it, are the last areas where free choice and individuality can be expressed. The choice reflects personal taste, the way people see themselves and the fantasies they (26) about their lives, the restrictions on money available (27) them, the presence of others in the family with a (28) on that money, and the influenceof current convention, (29) , surroundings and locality. Shopping is an important human activity.Yet shoppers are (30) with a confusing situationand a(n) (31) changing one.The confusion arises from the claims (32) adverting, from inadequate information about new products, new materials, new places to shop--a confusion enhanced by rising prices and a (n) ( 33 ) choice of goods than ever before.The search (34) the right purchase is based on ignorance of (35) own needs and ignorance of the product's (36) for those needs. When choosing any particular item, there are several lines of communication which mightprovide some guidance. (37) none of these is entirely satisfactory. For example, you can ask a shop assistant initially. (38) you find one, she may quite (39) not know the answers. She may be a schoolgirl with aSaturday job, or a housewife (40) part-time.26. [A] imagine [B] possess [C] have [D]own27. [A] to [B] for [C] with [D] of28. [A] right [B] demand [C] request [D] claim29. [A] growth [B] upbringing [C] cultivation [D] expansion 30. [A] dealt [B] faced [C] coped [D] greeted31. [A] suddenly [B] instantly [C] rapidly [D] readily32. [A] made by [B] seen in [C] hinted at [D] set in33. [A] ampler [B] larger [C] broader [D] wider34. [A] from [B] into [C] for [D] with35. [A] their [B] one's [C] his [D] her35. [A] fitness [B] use [C] value [D] worth37. [A] And [B] Still [C] Yet [D] Even38. [A] Even ff [B] Although [C] Because [D] While39. [A] generally [B] authentically [C] innocently [D] genuinely40. [A] studying [B] practicing [C] working D] shoppingPART ⅤGRAMMAR & VOCABULARY [15 MIN]There are twenty-five sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose one word or phrase that correctly completes the sentence.41. John is __ hardworking than his sister, but he failed in the exam.[A] no less [B] no more [C] not less [D] no so42. She remembered sever, d occasions in the past __ she had experienced a similar feeling.[A] while [B] before [C] that [D] when43. ff your car __ any attention during the first12 months, take it to an authorized dealer.[A] shall need [B] should need [C] would need [D] will need44. The indoor swimming pool seems to be a great deal more luxurious than__[A] is necessary [B] being necessary [C] to be necessary [D] it is necessary45. __, he can now only watch it on TV at home.[A] Obtaining not a ticket for the match[B] Not obtaining a ticket for the match[C] Not having obtained a ticket for the match[D ] Not obtained a ticket for the match46. The children prefer camping in the mountains __ an indoor activity.[A] to [B] than [C] for [D] with47. Language belongs to each member of the society, to the cleaner__ to the professor.[A] as far as [B] the same as [C] as much as [D] as long as48. __ he needed money for a new car, he decided not to borrow it from the bank.[A] Much as [B] Much though [C] As much [D] Though much49. The Clarks haven't decided yet which hotel[A] to stay [B] is to stay [C] to stay at [D] is for staying50. His strong sense of humor was __ make everyone in the room burst out laughing.[A] so as to [B] such as to [C] so that [D] such that 51. __ enough time and money, the researcher would have been able to discover more in this field.[A] Giving [B] To give [C] Given [D] Being given52. You __ Mark anything. It was none of his business.[A] needn’t have told [B] needn't tell[C] mustn't have told [D] mustn't tell53. The membership card entitled him certain privileges in the dub.[A] on [B] in [C] at [D] to54. Obviously, the Chairman's remarks at the conference were __ and not planned.[A] substantial [B] spontaneous [C] simultaneous [D] synthetic55. For the success of the project, the company should __ the most of the opportunities at hand.[A] obtain [B] grasp [C] catch [D] make56. Failure to follow the club rules __ him from the volleyball team.[A] disfavored [B] dispelled [C] disqualified [D] dismissed57. The discovery of new oil-fields in various parts of the country filled the government with __ hope.[A] eternal [B] infinite [C] ceaseless [D] everlasting58. At first the company refused to purchase the equipment, but __ this decision was revised.[A] subsequently [B] successively [C] predominantly [D] preliminarily59. The local police are authorized to __ anyone's movements as they think fit.[A] pause [B] halt [C] repel [D] keep60. Have you ever received __ of what has happened to her?[A] the word [B] words [C] word [D] the words61. Twelve is to three four is to one.[A] what IS] as [C] that [D] like62. Things went well for her during her early life but in her middle age her __ seemed to change.[A] affair [B] luck [C] event [D] chance63. Although I spoke to her about the matter several times, she took little __ of what I said.[A] remark [B] warning [C] notice [D] attention64. The scheme was __ when it was discovered it would be very costly.[A] resigned [B] surrendered [C] released [D] abandoned65. Yesterday my aunt bought some new __ for her flat at the seaside.[A] furniture [B] furnitures [C] possession [D] possessionsPART VI READING COMPREHENSION [30 MIN]SECTION A READING COMPREHENSION [25 MIN]In this part there are four passages followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the correct answer.TEXT APeople have been painting pictures for at least 30,000 years. The earliest pictures were painted by people who hunted animals. They used to paint pictures of the animals they wanted to catch and kill. Pictures of this kind have been found on the walls of caves in France and Spain. No one knows why they were painted there. Perhaps the painter thought that their pictures would help them to catch these animals. Or perhaps human beings have always wanted to tell stories in pictures.About 5,000 years ago the Egyptians and other people in the Near East began to use pictures as a kind of writing. They drew simple pictures or signs to represent things and ideas, and also to represent the sounds of their language. The signs these people used became a kind of alphabet.The Egyptians used to record information and to tell stories by putting picture-writing and pictures together. When an important person died, scenes and stories from his life were painted and carved on the walls of the place where he was buried. Some of these pictures are like modem comic-strip (连环漫画) stories. It has been said that Egypt is the home of the comic strip. But, for the Egyptians, pictures still had magic power. So they did not try to make their way of writing simple. The ordinary people could not understand it.By the year 1,000 BC, people who lived in the area around the Mediterranean Sea bad developed a simpler system of writing. The signs they used were very easy to write, and there were fewer of them than in the Egyptian system. This was because each sign, or letter, represented only one sound in their language. The Greeks developed this system and formed the letter of the Greek alphabet. The Ronmans copied the idea, and the Roman alphabet is now used all over the world.These days, we can write down a story, or record information, without using pictures. But we still need pictures of all kinds, drawings, photographs, signs and diagrams. We find them everywhere: in books and newspapers, in the street, and on the walls of the places where we live and work. Pictures help us to understand and remember things more easily, and they can make a story much more interesting. 66. Pictures of animals were painted on the walls of caves in France and Spain because[A] the hunters wanted to see the pictures[B] the painters were animal lover[C] the painters wanted to show imagination[D] the pictures were thought to be helpful67. The Greek alphabet was simpler than the Egyptian system for all the following reasons EXCEPT[A] the former was easy to write [B] there were fewer signs in the former[C] the former was easy to pronounce [D] each sign stood for only one sound68. Which of the following statements is TRUE?[A] The Egyptian signs later became a particular alphabet.[B] The Egyptians liked to write comic-strip stories.[C] The Roman alphabet was developed from the Egyptian one.[D] The Greeks copied their writing system from the Egyptians.69. In the paragraph, the author thinks that pictures __[A] should be made comprehensible [B] should be made interesting[C] are of much use in our life [D] are disappearing from our lifeTEXT BHuman beings have used tools for a very long time. In some parts of the world you can still find tools that people used more titan two million years ago. They made these tools by hitting one stone against another. In this way they broke off pieces from one of the stones. These chips of stone were usually sharp on one side. People used them for cutting meat and skin from dead animals and also for malting other tools out of wood. Human beings needed to use tools because they did not have sharp teeth like other meat--eating animals, such as lions and tigers. Tools helped people to get food more easily.Working with tools also helped to develop human intelligence. The human brain grew bigger, and human beings began to invent more and more tools and machines. The stone chip was one of the flint tools that people used, and perhaps it is the most important. Some scientists say that it was the key to the success of mankind.Since 1960 a new kind of tool tins appeared. This is the silicon chip--a little chip of silicon crystal (硅晶体). It is smaller than a finger-nail, but it can store more than a million "bits" of information. It is an electronic brain.Every year these chips get cleverer, but their size gets smaller, and their cost gets less. They are used in watches, calculators and intelligent machines that we can use in many ways.In the future we will not need to work with tools in the old way. Machines will do everything for us. They will even talk and play games with us. People will have plenty of spare time. But what will they do with it?Human beings used stone chips for more than two million yearn, but human life changed very little in that time. We have used silicon chips for only a few years, but life is changing faster every day. What will life be like twenty years from now? What will the world be like two million years from now?70. The stone chip is thought to be the most important tool because it__[A] was one of the first tools [B] developed human capabilities[C] led to the invention of machines [D] was crucial to the development of mankind71. At the end of the passage the author seems to suggest that life in future is __[A] disastrous [B] unpredictable [C] exciting [D] colorfulTEXT CA century ago in the United States, when an individual brought suit against a company, public opinion tended to protect that company. But perhaps this phenomenon was most striking in the case of the railroads. Neatly haft of all negligence( 过失) cases decided through 1896 involved railroads. And the railroads usually won.Most of the cases were derided in state courts, when the railroads had the climate of the times on their sides. Government supported the railroad industry; the progress railroads represented was not to be slowed down by requiring them often to pay damages to those unlucky enough to be hurt working for them.Court decisions always went against railroad workers. A Mr. Farwell, an engineer, lost his right hand when a switchman's negligence ran his engine off the track. The court reasoned, that since Farwell had taken the job of an engineer voluntarily at good pay, he had accepted the risk. Therefore the accident, though avoidable had the switchmen acted carefully, was a "pure accident". In effect a railroad could never be held responsible for injury to one employee caused by the mistake of another.In one case where a Pennsylvania Railroad worker had started a fire at a warehouse and the fire had spread several blocks, causing widespread damage, a jury found the company responsible for all the damage. But the court overturned the jury's decision because it argued that the railroad's negligence was the immediate cause of damage only to the nearest buildings. Beyond them the connection was too remote to consider.As the century were on, public sentiment began to turn against the railroads--against their economic and political power and high fares as well as against their callousness(无情) toward individuals.72. Which of the following is NOT tree in Farwell's case?[A] Farwell was injured because he negligently ran his engine off the track.[B] Farwell would not have been injured ff the switchman had been more careful.[C] The court argued that the victim had accepted the risk since he had willingly taken his job.[D] The court decided that the railroad should not be held responsible.73. What must have happened after the fire case was settled in court?[A] The railroad compensated for the damage to the immediate buildings.[B] The railroad compensated for all the damage by the fire.[C] The railroad paid nothing for the damaged building.[D] The railroad worker paid for the property damage himself.74. The following aroused public resentment EXCEPT[A] political power [B] high fares [C] economic loss [D] indifference75. What does the passage mainly discuss?[A] Railroad oppressing individuals in the US. [B] History of the US railroads. [C] Railroad workers' working rights. [D] Law cases concerning the railroads.TEXT DHawaii's native minority is demanding a greater degree of sovereignty over its own affairs. But much of the archipelago's political establishment, which includes the White Americans who dominated until the second world war and people of Japanese, Chinese mint Filipino origin, is opposed to the idea.The islands were annexed by the US in 1898 and since then Hawaii's native people have fared worse than any of its other ethnic groups. They make up over 60 percent of the state's homeless, suffer higher levels of unemployment and their life span is five years less than the average Hawaiians. They are the only major US native group without some degree of autonomy.But a sovereignty advisory committee set up by Hawaii's first native governor, John Waihee, has given the natives' cause a major boost by recommending that the Hawaiian natives decide by themselves whether to re-establish a sovereign Hawaiian nation.However, the Hawaiian natives are not united in their demands. Some just want greater autonomy within the state--as enjoyed by many American Indian natives over matters such as education. This is a position supported by the Office of Hawaiian Affairs (OHA), a state agency set up in 1978 to represent the natives' interests and which has now become the moderate face of the native sovereignty movement. Moreambitious is the Ka Lahui group, which declared itself a new nation in 1987 and wants full, official independence from the US.But if Hawaiian natives are given greater autonomy, it is far from dear how many people this will apply to. The state authorities only count as native those people with more than 50 percent Hawaiian blood.Native demands are not just based on political grievances, though. They also want their claim on 660,000 hectares of Hawaiian crown land to be accepted. It is on this issue that native groups are facing most opposition from the state authorities. In 1993, the state government paid the OHA US $136 million in back rent on the crown land and many officials say that by accepting this payment the agency has given up its claims to legally own the land. The OHA has vigorously disputed this.76. Hawaii's native minority refers to[A] Hawaii's ethnic groups [B] people of Filipino origin[C] the Ka Lahui group [D] people with 50% Hawaiian blood77. Which of the following statements is tree of the Hawaiian natives?[A] Sixty percent of them are homeless or unemployed.[B] Their life span is 5 years shorter than average Americans.[C] Their life is worse than that of other ethnic groups in Hawaii.[D] They are the only native group without sovereignty.78. Which of the following is NOT true of John Waihee?[A] He is Hawaii's flint native govemor.[B] He has set up a sovereignty advisory committee.[C] He suggested the native people decide for themselves.[D] He is leading the local independence movement.79. Which of the following groups holds a less radical attitude on the matter of sovereignty?.[A] American Indian natives. [B] Office of Hawaiian Affairs.[C] The Ka Lahui group. [D] The Hawaiian natives.80. Various native Hawaiians demand all the following EXCEPT[A] a greater autonomy within the state [B] more back rent on the crown land[C] a claim on the Hawaiian crown land [D] full independence from the USSECTION B SKIMMING & SCANNINGIn this section there are six passages with a total of ten multiple choice questions. Skim or scan them as required and then mark your answers on your answer sheet. TEXT EFirst read the following question.81. The passage is mainly about __ of outdoor advertising.[A] problems [B] features [C] attraction [D] locationNow, read TEXT E quickly and mark your answer an your answer sheet.Outdoor advertising provides the advertiser with the largest colorful display of his product, package, trade mark, and slogan. It embraces the most spectacular use of light and animation in order to attract a passer-by and deliver a message. It provides visual continuity to a campaign that may also be appearing in other media.Outdoor advertising has a high degree of geographic flexibility. An advertiser can use it nationally, by region, by markets, and even by specific locations within those markets.Outdoor advertising can be memorable. During an interview eight people out of ten revealed that they remembered specific outdoor posters.A problem in using outdoor advertising is that of getting reliable data on the number of people who actually see an advertising. It may also take time to negotiate for the space for a specific outdoor advertising location, to print the posters, or to paint the board.TEXT FFirst read the following question.82. The passage focuses on Oxford's[A] past and present [B] modem development[C] present and future [D] traditional structureNow, read TEXT F quickly and mark your answer on your answer sheet.For centuries Oxford has been at Britain's intellectual heart, perhaps the most prestigious among Europe's many ancient universities. Oxford has attracted students and scholars from all over the world who have gone on to achieve the highest positions in their countries. Alumni includes numerous famous scientists, literary figures, and overseas politicians.As a place of learning Oxford's beginnings go back to the Middle Ages. Legend has it that Alfred laid its foundations at the end of the ninth century. Certainly by the 12th century scholars were teaching in the town and their fame had spread to the Continent, particularly to the Sorbonnes in Paris, then Europe's greatest center of learning. A group of English scholars left the French capital in 1167 to settle in Oxford and the place became a magnet for students and teachers from all over Britain. Today Oxford is a large, busy city, but the ancient university buildings in the center have remained largely untouched by the urban expansion.While most old universities have modernized radically to accommodate their growing populations, Oxford has managed to expand while still preserving its traditional structure. The 36 existing colleges are independent, self-governing institutions operating under the umbrella of the University of Oxford.TEXT GFirst read the following question.83. The figures in the second paragraph are used for the following purposes EXCEPT[A] prediction [B] contrast [C] definition [D] explanationNow, read TEXT G quickly and mark your answer on your answer sheet.The industrial societies have been extremely productive during the last two centuries. The economic advance has been remarkable. During this relatively short period of time, greater changes in people's living conditions have occurred than in the thousands of years which preceded.During the past 200 years the world population has increased 6 times, the annual world output has increased 80 times, and the distance a person can travel has gone up 1,000 times. There has also been much recent progress in art, culture, learning and science. Such changes have led to a high rate of production and growth of the economy.Economists fear that within the next 100 to 150 yearn, the earth's resources will become very scarce. Their feats are partly justified, but we should not be afraid. Industrial civilization adapts to new knowledge. By advancing knowledge, we do not only create new forms of resources, but we also find ways to economize their use. Advanced modem knowledge can feed the hungry people of the world and improve their standard of living.TEXT HFirst read the following questions.84. The purpose of this pamphlet is to provide information on[A] how to open a bank account [B] how to apply for a course[C] who can go to universities [D] who is eligible for a grant85. Who can get the grant?[A] A foreign student who has been there for 11 months.[B] A British pupil in a secondary school.[C] A British student who studies in the university.[D] A university graduate who wants to continue his studies.86. A 31-year-old nurse wishes to study medicine at a university. She has worked since she was 25. How much extra money will she get a year?.[A]l00 pounds [B]155 pounds [C]615 pounds [D]715 poundsNow, read TEXT H quickly and mark your answers on your answer sheet.GETTING A GRANTWho can get this money? Anyone who gets a place on a first degree course, although a student who has already attended a course of advanced further education may not. Students must also have been resident in the UK for at least three years, which can exclude some students from overseas.SPECIAL CASESIf a student has worked before college: A student who is 26 or more before the course starts and who has worked for at least three of the previous six years will get extra money---155 pounds a year if 26, increasing to a maximum of 615 pounds at 29 or more.Banking: Most of the big banks offer special services to students who open accounts. A student won't usually have to pay bank charges as long as the account stays in credit.TEXT IFirst read the following questions.87. Whose works will be on show on Jan. 6th at China National Art Museum?[A] Young artist'. [B] Zhang Yongxu's.[C] Gu Kaizhi's. [D] Fu Baoshi's.88. If you want to see some European paintings, you can go to China National Art Museum on __.[A] Jan. 3rd [B] Jan. 5th [C] Jan. 19th [D] Jan. 4thNow, read TEXT I quickly and mark your answers on your answer sheet.WHAT IS ONEXHIBITIONSOil Paintings Oil painter Zhang Yongxu's one-man show will run January 3 to 19 at the Central Academy of Fine Arts.Zhang, 33, graduated from the Oil Painting Department at the Central Academy of Fine Arts in 1989. In the upcoming exhibition, viewers will see a personal experience of human life, and a combination of Eastern and Western art.Time: January 3 to 19Address: Gallery of the Central Academy of Fine Arts, 5 Jiaowei Hutong, Wangftljing, Dongcheng DistrictArt from Nanjing A group of young artists from Nanjing present a grand exhibition in China National Art Museum from Jan. 5 to 11.The artists are from Nanjing Calligraphy and Painting Institute.Inspired by the renowned artists in former generations such as Gu Kaizhi in the Jin Dynasty and the contemporary master Fu Baoshi, the artists have strenuously pursued new ways of producing quality traditional Chinese paintings.Time: Jan. 5 to 11Location: China National Art MuseumWestern Art Show The China National Art Museum is displaying 117 pieces of European modem art donated by Peter Ludwig and his wife, Irene Ludwig. Many of them were done by world-famous artists, including four by Pablo Picasso.Peter Ludwig was a celebrated entrepreneur and popular social activist in Germany as well as a world-famous collector with thousands of invaluable art works.Time: from Jan. 6 to Jan. 20Address: China National Art Museum, 1 Wusi Dajie, Dongcheng DistrictTEXT JFirst read the following questions.89. If you want to look up a word in a dictionary, which floor would you go to?[A] Ground floor. [B] First floor. [C] Third floor. [D] Fourth floor.90. What is the color code of the shelves where normal size novels are placed?[A] Blue. [B] Red. [C] Yellow. [D] White.Now, read TEXT J quickly and mark your answers on your answer sheet.The Main Library has five floors open to the public.FOURTH FLOOR: Social Sciences & History300-399, 650-659, 900-999. Law books are shelved in a separate area--follow signs for the Law Library.THIRD FLOOR: Humanities100-199, 200-299, 400-499, 700-709 800-899.SECOND FLOOR: Science and Technology500-599, 600-649 660-699FIRST FLOOR: Current (unbound)PeriodicalsAn information point is inside the Periodicals Office.GROUND FLOOR: ReferenceGeneral reference books and bibliographies.The Reference Librarians on each floor are available to answer queries during office hours. At other times you can ask at the Issue Desk, on the Ground Floor.Books are shelved according to size.Normal size large sizeThe shelves are color coded to help you identify them:RED Large booksWHITE Normal size booksYELLOW Large periodicals BLUE Normal size periodicalsBooks returned the previous day may be on the Recent Return shelves, next to the Reference Librarians' desks. 答案：PART IV CLOZE26. C 27. A 28. D 29. C 30. B31. C 32. A 33. A 34. C 35. A36. A 37. C 38. A 39. A 40. CPART V GRAMMAR ＆VOCABULARY41. A 42. D 43. B 44. A 45. C46. A 47. C 48. A 49. C 50. B51. C 52. A 53. D 54. B 55. D56. C 57. B 58. A 59. B 60. C61. B 62. B 63. C 64. D 65. APART Ⅵ READING COMPREHENSION66. D 67. C 68.A 69.C 70. D71. B 72.A 73.A 74.C 75. D76. C 77. C 78. D 79. B 80. B81. B 82. A 83. C 84. D 85. C86. C 87. A 88. C 89. A 90. D。

1998年1月大学英语四级CET4真题及答案1998年1月大学英语四级CET4真题及答案1998年1月大学英语四级CET4真题及答案part i listening comprehension (20 minutes)section adirections in this section, you will hear 10 short conversations.at the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said.both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once.after each question there will be a pause.during the pause, you must read the four choices marked a) , b) , c) and d) , and decide which is the best answer.then mark the corresponding letter on the answer sheet with a single line through the center.example you will hearyou will read a) at the office. b) in the waiting room.c) at the airport. d) in a restaurant.from the conversation we know that the two were talking about some work they had to finish in the evening.this is most likely to have taken place at the office.therefore, a)at the officeis the best answer.you should choose ［a］on the answer sheet and mark it with a single line through the center.sample answer ［a ］［b］［c］［d］1. a) the man wants to attend tomorrow's show.b) there aren't any tickets left for tonight's show.c) there aren't any tickets left for tomorrow's show.d) the man doesn't want to attend tomorrow's show.2. a) detective stories. b) stories about jail escapes.c) love stories. d) stories about royal families.3. a) it was a long lecture, but easy to understand.b) it was not as easy as she had thought.c) it was as difficult as she had expected.d) it was interesting and easy to follow.4. a) to put him through to the director.b) to have a talk with the director about his work.c) to arrange an appointment for him with the director.d) to go and see if the director can meet him right now.5. a) margaret wanted to return some magazines to the womanb) margaret wanted to lend some magazines to the woman.c) margaret wanted to borrow some magazines from thewoman.d) margaret wanted to get some magazines back from the woman.6. a) he doesn't care much about it.b) he enjoys it very much.c) he doesn't mind ever though it's tedious.d) he hates working overtime.7. a) the woman doesn't think it exciting to travel by air.b) they'll stay at home during the holidays.c) tbey are offered some plane tickets for their holidays.d) they'll be flying somewhere for their vacation.8. a) something went wrong with the bus.b) she took somebody to hospital.c) something prevented her from catching the bus.d) she came on foot instead of taking a bus.9. a) do her homework. b) clean the backyard.c) wash clothes. d) enjoy the beautiful day.10. a) the man is looking for a place to live in.b) the man has ahouse for rent.c) the woman is a secretary.d) the two speakers are old friends.section b compound dictation注意：听力理解的b节(section b) 为复合式听写(compound dictation),题目在试卷二上。

1998年英语专业四级考试真题TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (1998)PART I WRITING [45 MIN]SECTION A COMPOSITION [35 MIN]It is now generally accepted that vehicles ( cars, trucks, etc. ) are a major source of air pollution incities. You are to suggest only ONE way to solve the problem.Write on ANSWER SHEET ONE a composition of about 150 words on the following topic:ONE W AY TO SOLVE THE PROBLEMYou are to write in three paragraphs.In the first paragraph, state what your suggested way is.In the second paragraph, state one or two advantages of your suggestion.In the last paragraph, bring what you have written to a natural conclusion.Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriacy. Failure to follow the instructions may result in a loss of marks.SECTION B NOTE-WRITING [10 MIN]Write on ANSWER SHEET ONE a note of about 50-60 words based on the following situation:You are Mark or Sally. You have got a ticket to a computer fair, but you now find that youare unable to go. Write a note to your friend, George, explaining why you are sending the enclosed ticket to him and telling him briefly how to get there.Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriacy.PART ⅡDICTATION [15 MIN]Listen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. During the first reading, which will be read at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning. For the second and third readings, the passage will be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of 15 to 20seconds. The last reading will be read at normal speedagain and during this time you should check your work. You will then be given 2minutes to check through your work once more.Please write whole passage on ANSWER SHEET TWO.PART 1TI LISTENING COMPREHENSION [20 MIN]In Sections A, B and C you will hear everything ONCE ONL Y. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct response for each question on your answer sheet.SECTION A STATEMENTIn this section you will hear eight statements. At the end of each statement you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question.Now, listen to the statements.1. The speaker is talking to a__[A] doctor [B] pharmacist [C] mechanic [D] waiter2. What is the speaker's attitude?[ A] He couldn't agree any more. [ B ] He agrees completely.[ C] He agrees partially. [ D] He couldn't stand it any more.3. How much did Mr. Dawson pay for the sweater?[A] $30. [B] $13. [C] $80. [D] $18.4. What does "staying healthy" mean today?[ A] You should often go to a doctor.[ B] Going to a doctor regularly for helps.[ C] Keep fit and strong all the time.[ D] You should never go to a doctor.5. Where is the speaker?[A] In a bank. [B] In a restaurant. [C] In an office. [D] In a shop.6. The speaker regretted having[A] missed the game [B] gone to the game[C] won the game [D] missed the bet7. What does the speaker think about teachers?[A] Teachers get much satisfaction from work.[B] Teachers get little satisfaction from work.[C] Few teachers are satisfied with their work.[D] Few teachers are satisfied with their salary.8. The speaker is comparing two.__[A] research projects [B] political declarations[C] kinds of candies [D] political eventsSECTION B CONVERSATIONIn this section, you will hear nine short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question.Now, listen to the conversations.9. Who is the caller?[A] John Smith. [B] Max Thomas. [C] Max Green. [D] John Thomas.10. The conversation takes place between __[A] a host and a guest [B] two neighbors[C] a doctor and a patient [D] a hotel clerk and a guest11. What did the man do last weekend?[A] He went skiing. [B] He studied.。

TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (1998)-GRADE FOUR-PART I WRITING (45 MIN)SECTION A COMPOSITION (35 MIN)It is now generally accepted that vehicles (cars, trucks, etc.) are a major source of air pollution in cities. Y ou are to suggest only ONE way to solve the problem.Write on ANSWER SHEET ONE a composition of about 150 words on the following topic:ONE W AY TO SOLVE THE PROBLEMYou are to write in three paragraphs.In the first paragraph, state what your suggested way is.In the second paragraph, state one or two advantages of your suggestion.In the last paragraph, bring what you have written to a natural conclusion.Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the instructions may result in a loss of marks.SECTION B NOTE-WRITING (10 MIN)Write on ANSWER SHEET ONE a note of about 50-60 words based on the following situation:Y ou are Mark or Sally. Y ou have got a ticket to a computer fair, but you now find that you are unable to go. Write a note to your friend, George, explaining why you are sending the enclosed ticket to him and telling him briefly how to get there.Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. PART II DICTATION (15 MIN)Listen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. During the first reading, which will be read at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning. For the second and third readings, the passage will be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of 15 to 20 seconds. The last reading will be read at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work. You will then be given 2 minutes to check through your work once more. Please write whole passage on ANSWER SHEET TWO.PART III LISTENING COMPREHENSION (20 MIN) In Sections A, B and C you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct response for each question on your answer sheet.SECTION A STATEMENTIn this section you will hear eight statements. At the end of each statement you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question.Now, listen to the statements.1. The speaker is talking to a________.A. doctorB. pharmacistC. mechanicD. waiter2. What is the speaker's attitude?A. He couldn't agree any more.B. He agrees completely.C. He agrees partially.D. He couldn't stand it any more.3. How much did Mr. Dawson pay for the sweater?A. $30.B. $13.C. $80.D. $18.4. What does "staying healthy" mean today?A. Y ou should often go to a doctor.B. Going to a doctor regularly for helps.C. Keep fit and strong all the time.D. Y ou should never go to a doctor.5. Where is the speaker?A. In a bank.B. In a restaurant.C. In an office.D. In a shop.6. The speaker regretted having ________.A. missed the gameB. gone to the gameC. won the gameD. missed the bet7. What does the speaker think about teachers?A. Teachers get much satisfaction from work.B. Teachers get little satisfaction from work.C. Few teachers are satisfied with their work.D. Few teachers are satisfied with their salary.8. The speaker is comparing two.________.A. research projectsB. political declarationsC. kinds of candiesD. political eventsSECTION B CONVERSATIONIn this section, you will hear nine short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question. Now, listen to the conversations.9. Who is the caller?A. John Smith.B. Max Thomas.C. Max Green.D. John Thomas.10. The conversation takes place between ________.A. a host and a guestB. two neighborsC. a doctor and a patientD. a hotel clerk and a guest11. What did the man do last weekend?A. He went skiing.B. He studied.C. He did nothing.D. He did shopping.12. What do you guess they'll do?A. Go to the class at once.B. Make it in the dorm.C. Skip over the work.D. find out the assignment.13. James is going to ________.A. buy a carB. stay at homeC. go to the partyD. solve the problem14. The man advised the woman to ________.A. find her way aroundB. enjoy herself thoroughlyC. remember her cultureD. see the differences15. The woman is supposed to be a (n) ________.A. shop assistantB. job applicantC. interviewerD. receptionist16. What did the woman do this morning?A. She had the cooker changed.B. She had her cooker repaired.C. She bought a new cooker.D. She returned her new cooker.17. The woman intends to ________.A. offer the man a liftB. go with the man by busC. borrow the man's carD. check if he has a carSECTION C NEWS BROADCASTQuestion 18 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question.Now, listen to the news.18. Which of the following statements is TRUE?A. Heavy rains and storms caused rivers to overflow.B. Flooding forced evacuation in seven countries.C. Flooding damaged homes and cut off electricity.D. Heavy rains and flooding kept banks dosed.Question 19 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question.Now, listen to the news.19. Who is going to make a visit?A. The Iranian Foreign Minister.B. The Iraqi Foreign Minister.C. A senior Iraqi advisor.D. A senior Iranian advisor.Question 20 and 21 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be givens 20 seconds to answer the two questions.Now, listen to the news.20. The Senate bill aims to ________ within the next seven years.A. end the country's huge public debtsB. cut government spending on healthC. end the large budget deficitsD. cut some educational programmes21. Congressional leaders have to work out a compromise because ________.A. a similar bill has been passedB. the President might oppose the planC. the Senate bill was passed by 57 to 42D. the White House is facing oppositionQuestion 22 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question.Now, listen to the news.22. Australia reacted towards the French test by ________.A. recalling her ambassador to ParisB. describing the test as insignificantC. expressing her regretD. expressing disapprovalQuestion 23 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question.Now, listen to the news.23. The Indian police were reported to have discovered ________.A. a large amount of moneyB. a large plastic bombC. similar explosivesD. the bodies of many victimsQuestions 24 and 25 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions.Now, listen to the news.24. The 6-day negotiations between the PLO and Israel are mainly about ________.A. the extension of Palestinian self-ruleB. the establishment of Jewish settlementC. the arrangement of PLO troopsD. the reconstruction of Hebron25. What progress has been made in their negotiations?A. Israeli troops can stay on in the West Bank.B. Israel tins released thousands of prisoners.C. PLO and Israel have made a final agreement.D. Agreement has been reached on the future of Hebron.PART IV CLOZE (15 MIN)Decide which of the choices given below would correctly complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks. Mark the correct choice for each blank on your answer sheet.The way that people spend their money, and the objects on which they spend it, are the last areas where free choice and individuality can be expressed. The choice reflects personal taste, the way people see themselves and the fantasies they 26about their lives, the restrictions on money available 27them, the presence ofothers in the family with a 28on that money, and the influence of currentconvention, 29, surroundings and locality. Shopping is an important human activity.Y et shoppers are 30with a confusing situation and a (n) 31 changing one.The confusion arises from the claims 32adverting, from inadequate information about new products, new materials, new places to shop –a confusion enhanced by rising prices and a (n) 33choice of goods than ever before.The search 34the right purchase is based on ignorance of 35own needs and ignorance of the product's 36for those needs. When choosing any particular item, there are several lines of communication which might provide some guidance. 37none of these is entirely satisfactory. For example, you can ask ashop assistant initially. 38you find one, she may quite 39not know the answers. She may be a schoolgirl with aSaturday job, or a housewife 40part-time.26. A. imagineB. possessC. haveD. own27. A. toB. forC. withD. of28. A. rightB. demandC. requestD. claim29. A. growthB. upbringingC. cultivationD. expansion30. A. dealtB. facedC. copedD. greeted31. A. suddenlyB. instantlyC. rapidlyD. readily32. A. made byB. seen inC. hinted atD. set in33. A. amplerB. largerC. broaderD. wider34. A. fromB. intoC. forD. with35. A. theirB. one'sC. hisD. her35. A. fitnessB. useC. valueD. worth37. A. AndB. StillC. Y etD. Even38. A. Even ffB. AlthoughC. BecauseD. While39. A. generallyB. authenticallyC. innocentlyD. genuinely40. A. studyingB. practicingC. working D] shoppingPART V GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY (15 MIN)There are twenty-five sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose one word or phrase that correctly completes the sentence.41. John is ________ hardworking than his sister, but he failed in the exam.A. no lessB. no moreC. not lessD. no so42. She remembered sever, d occasions in the past ________ she had experienced asimilar feeling.A. whileB. beforeC. thatD. when43. ff your car ________ any attention during the first 12 months, take it to anauthorized dealer.A. shall needB. should needC. would needD. will need44. The indoor swimming pool seems to be a great deal more luxuriousthan________.A. is necessaryB. being necessaryC. to be necessaryD. it is necessary45. ________, he can now only watch it on TV at home.A. Obtaining not a ticket for the matchB. Not obtaining a ticket for the matchC. Not having obtained a ticket for the matchD. Not obtained a ticket for the match46. The children prefer camping in the mountains ________ an indoor activity.A. toB. thanC. forD. with47. Language belongs to each member of the society, to the cleaner________ to theprofessor.A. as far asB. the same asC. as much asD. as long as48. ________ he needed money for a new car, he decided not to borrow it from thebank.A. Much asB. Much thoughC. As muchD. Though much49. The Clarks haven't decided yet which hotel ________.A. to stayB. is to stayC. to stay atD. is for staying50. His strong sense of humor was ________ make everyone in the room burst outlaughing.A. so as toB. such as toC. so thatD. such that51. ________ enough time and money, the researcher would have been able todiscover more in this field.A. GivingB. To giveC. GivenD. Being given52. Y ou ________ Mark anything. It was none of his business.A. needn't have toldB. needn't tellC. mustn't have toldD. mustn't tell53. The membership card entitled him certain privileges in the dub.A. onB. inC. atD. to54. Obviously, the Chairman's remarks at the conference were ________ and notplanned.A. substantialB. spontaneousC. simultaneousD. synthetic55. For the success of the project, the company should ________ the most of theopportunities at hand.A. obtainB. graspC. catchD. make56. Failure to follow the club rules ________ him from the volleyball team.A. disfavoredB. dispelledC. disqualifiedD. dismissed57. The discovery of new oil-fields in various parts of the country filled thegovernment with ________ hope.A. eternalB. infiniteC. ceaselessD. everlasting58. At first the company refused to purchase the equipment, but ________ thisdecision was revised.A. subsequentlyB. successivelyC. predominantlyD. preliminarily59. The local police are authorized to ________ anyone's movements as they thinkfit.A. pauseB. haltC. repelD. keep60. Have you ever received ________ of what has happened to her?A. the wordB. wordsC. wordD. the words61. Twelve is to three four is to one.A. what IS] asC. thatD. like62. Things went well for her during her early life but in her middle age her________ seemed to change.A. affairB. luckC. eventD. chance63. Although I spoke to her about the matter several times, she took little ________of what I said.A. remarkB. warningC. noticeD. attention64. The scheme was ________ when it was discovered it would be very costly.A. resignedB. surrenderedC. releasedD. abandoned65. Y esterday my aunt bought some new ________ for her flat at the seaside.A. furnitureB. furnituresC. possessionD. possessionsPART VI READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN) SECTION A READING COMPREHENSION (25 MIN)In this part there are four passages followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the correct answer.TEXT APeople have been painting pictures for at least 30,000 years. The earliest pictures were painted by people who hunted animals. They used to paint pictures of the animals they wanted to catch and kill. Pictures of this kind have been found on the walls of caves in France and Spain. No one knows why they were painted there. Perhaps the painter thought that their pictures would help them to catch these animals. Or perhaps human beings have always wanted to tell stories in pictures.About 5,000 years ago the Egyptians and other people in the Near East began to use pictures as a kind of writing. They drew simple pictures or signs to represent things and ideas, and also to represent the sounds of their language. The signs these people used became a kind of alphabet.The Egyptians used to record information and to tell stories by putting picture-writing and pictures together. When an important person died, scenes and stories from his life were painted and carved on the walls of the place where he was buried. Some of these pictures are like modem comic-strip (连环漫画) stories. It has been said that Egypt is the home of the comic strip. But, for the Egyptians, pictures still had magic power. So they did not try to make their way of writing simple. The ordinary people could not understand it.By the year 1,000 BC, people who lived in the area around the Mediterranean Sea bad developed a simpler system of writing. The signs they used were very easy to write, and there were fewer of them than in the Egyptian system. This was because each sign, or letter, represented only one sound in their language. The Greeks developed this system and formed the letter of the Greek alphabet. The Ronmans copied the idea, and the Roman alphabet is now used all over the world.These days, we can write down a story, or record information, without using pictures. But we still need pictures of all kinds, drawings, photographs, signs and diagrams. We find them everywhere: in books and newspapers, in the street, and on the walls of the places where we live and work. Pictures help us to understand and remember things more easily, and they can make a story much more interesting.66. Pictures of animals were painted on the walls of caves in France and Spainbecause ________.A. the hunters wanted to see the picturesB. the painters were animal loverC. the painters wanted to show imaginationD. the pictures were thought to be helpful67. The Greek alphabet was simpler than the Egyptian system for all the followingreasons EXCEPTA. the former was easy to writeB. there were fewer signs in the formerC. the former was easy to pronounceD. each sign stood for only one sound68. Which of the following statements is TRUE?A. The Egyptian signs later became a particular alphabet.B. The Egyptians liked to write comic-strip stories.C. The Roman alphabet was developed from the Egyptian one.D. The Greeks copied their writing system from the Egyptians.69. In the paragraph, the author thinks that pictures ________.A. should be made comprehensibleB. should be made interestingC. are of much use in our lifeD. are disappearing from our lifeTEXT BHuman beings have used tools for a very long time. In some parts of the world you can still find tools that people used more titan two million years ago. They made these tools by hitting one stone against another. In this way they broke off pieces from one of the stones. These chips of stone were usually sharp on one side. People used them for cutting meat and skin from dead animals and also for malting other tools out of wood. Human beings needed to use tools because they did not have sharp teeth like other meat – eating animals, such as lions and tigers. Tools helped people to get food more easily.Working with tools also helped to develop human intelligence. The human brain grew bigger, and human beings began to invent more and more tools and machines. The stone chip was one of the flint tools that people used, and perhaps it is the most important. Some scientists say that it was the key to the success of mankind.Since 1960 a new kind of tool tins appeared. This is the silicon chip – a little chip of silicon crystal (硅晶体). It is smaller than a finger-nail, but it can store more than a million "bits" of information. It is an electronic brain.Every year these chips get cleverer, but their size gets smaller, and their cost gets less. They are used in watches, calculators and intelligent machines that we can use in many ways.In the future we will not need to work with tools in the old way. Machines will do everything for us. They will even talk and play games with us. People will have plenty of spare time. But what will they do with it?Human beings used stone chips for more than two million yearn, but human life changed very little in that time. We have used silicon chips for only a few years, but life is changing faster every day. What will life be like twenty years from now? What will the world be like two million years from now?70. The stone chip is thought to be the most important tool because it ________.A. was one of the first toolsB. developed human capabilitiesC. led to the invention of machinesD. was crucial to the development of mankind71. At the end of the passage the author seems to suggest that life in future is________.A. disastrousB. unpredictableC. excitingD. colorfulTEXT CA century ago in the United States, when an individual brought suit against a company, public opinion tended to protect that company. But perhaps this phenomenon was most striking in the case of the railroads. Neatly haft of all negligence (过失) cases decided through 1896 involved railroads. And the railroads usually won.Most of the cases were derided in state courts, when the railroads had the climate of the times on their sides. Government supported the railroad industry; the progress railroads represented was not to be slowed down by requiring them often to paydamages to those unlucky enough to be hurt working for them.Court decisions always went against railroad workers. A Mr. Farwell, an engineer, lost his right hand when a switchman's negligence ran his engine off the track. The court reasoned, that since Farwell had taken the job of an engineer voluntarily at good pay, he had accepted the risk. Therefore the accident, though avoidable had the switchmen acted carefully, was a "pure accident". In effect a railroad could never be held responsible for injury to one employee caused by the mistake of another.In one case where a Pennsylvania Railroad worker had started a fire at a warehouse and the fire had spread several blocks, causing widespread damage, a jury found the company responsible for all the damage. But the court overturned the jury's decision because it argued that the railroad's negligence was the immediate cause of damage only to the nearest buildings. Beyond them the connection was too remote to consider.As the century were on, public sentiment began to turn against the railroads –against their economic and political power and high fares as well as against their callousness (无情) toward individuals.72. Which of the following is NOT tree in Farwell's case?A. Farwell was injured because he negligently ran his engine off the track.B. Farwell would not have been injured ff the switchman had been more careful.C. The court argued that the victim had accepted the risk since he had willinglytaken his job.D. The court decided that the railroad should not be held responsible.73. What must have happened after the fire case was settled in court?A. The railroad compensated for the damage to the immediate buildings.B. The railroad compensated for all the damage by the fire.C. The railroad paid nothing for the damaged building.D. The railroad worker paid for the property damage himself.74. The following aroused public resentment EXCEPTA. political powerB. high faresC. economic lossD. indifference75. What does the passage mainly discuss?A. Railroad oppressing individuals in the US.B. History of the US railroads.C. Railroad workers' working rights.D. Law cases concerning the railroads.TEXT DHawaii's native minority is demanding a greater degree of sovereignty over its own affairs. But much of the archipelago's political establishment, which includes the White Americans who dominated until the second world war and people of Japanese, Chinese mint Filipino origin, is opposed to the idea.The islands were annexed by the US in 1898 and since then Hawaii's native people have fared worse than any of its other ethnic groups. They make up over 60 percent of the state's homeless, suffer higher levels of unemployment and their life span is five years less than the average Hawaiians. They are the only major US native group without some degree of autonomy.But a sovereignty advisory committee set up by Hawaii's first native governor, John Waihee, has given the natives' cause a major boost by recommending that the Hawaiian natives decide by themselves whether to re-establish a sovereign Hawaiian nation.However, the Hawaiian natives are not united in their demands. Some just want greater autonomy within the state – as enjoyed by many American Indian natives over matters such as education. This is a position supported by the Office of Hawaiian Affairs (OHA), a state agency set up in 1978 to represent the natives' interests and which has now become the moderate face of the native sovereignty movement. More ambitious is the Ka Lahui group, which declared itself a new nation in 1987 and wants full, official independence from the US.But if Hawaiian natives are given greater autonomy, it is far from dear how many people this will apply to. The state authorities only count as native those people with more than 50 percent Hawaiian blood.Native demands are not just based on political grievances, though. They also want their claim on 660,000 hectares of Hawaiian crown land to be accepted. It is on this issue that native groups are facing most opposition from the state authorities. In 1993, the state government paid the OHA US $136 million in back rent on the crown land and many officials say that by accepting this payment the agency has given up its claims to legally own the land. The OHA has vigorously disputed this.76. Hawaii's native minority refers to ________.A. Hawaii's ethnic groupsB. people of Filipino originC. the Ka Lahui groupD. people with 50% Hawaiian blood77. Which of the following statements is tree of the Hawaiian natives?A. Sixty percent of them are homeless or unemployed.B. Their life span is 5 years shorter than average Americans.C. Their life is worse than that of other ethnic groups in Hawaii.D. They are the only native group without sovereignty.78. Which of the following is NOT true of John Waihee?A. He is Hawaii's flint native governor.B. He has set up a sovereignty advisory committee.C. He suggested the native people decide for themselves.D. He is leading the local independence movement.79. Which of the following groups holds a less radical attitude on the matter ofsovereignty?.A. American Indian natives.B. Office of Hawaiian Affairs.C. The Ka Lahui group.D. The Hawaiian natives.80. V arious native Hawaiians demand all the following EXCEPTA. a greater autonomy within the stateB. more back rent on the crown landC. a claim on the Hawaiian crown landD. full independence from the USSECTION B SKIMMING & SCANNINGIn this section there are six passages with a total of ten multiple choice questions. Skim or scan them as required and then mark your answers on your answer sheet. TEXT EFirst read the following question.81. The passage is mainly about ________ of outdoor advertising.A. problemsB. featuresC. attractionD. locationNow, read TEXT E quickly and mark your answer on your answer sheet.Outdoor advertising provides the advertiser with the largest colorful display of his product, package, trade mark, and slogan. It embraces the most spectacular use of light and animation in order to attract a passer-by and deliver a message. It provides visual continuity to a campaign that may also be appearing in other media.Outdoor advertising has a high degree of geographic flexibility. An advertiser can use it nationally, by region, by markets, and even by specific locations within those markets.Outdoor advertising can be memorable. During an interview eight people out of ten revealed that they remembered specific outdoor posters.A problem in using outdoor advertising is that of getting reliable data on the number of people who actually see an advertising. It may also take time to negotiate for the space for a specific outdoor advertising location, to print the posters, or to paint the board.TEXT FFirst read the following question.82. The passage focuses on Oxford's ________.A. past and presentB. modem developmentC. present and futureD. traditional structureNow, read TEXT F quickly and mark your answer on your answer sheet.For centuries Oxford has been at Britain's intellectual heart, perhaps the most prestigious among Europe's many ancient universities. Oxford has attracted students and scholars from all over the world who have gone on to achieve the highest positions in their countries. Alumni includes numerous famous scientists, literary figures, and overseas politicians.As a place of learning Oxford's beginnings go back to the Middle Ages. Legend has it that Alfred laid its foundations at the end of the ninth century. Certainly by the 12th century scholars were teaching in the town and their fame had spread to the Continent, particularly to the Sorbonnes in Paris, then Europe's greatest center of learning. A group of English scholars left the French capital in 1167 to settle in Oxford and the place became a magnet for students and teachers from all over Britain. Today Oxford is a large, busy city, but the ancient university buildings in the center have remained largely untouched by the urban expansion.While most old universities have modernized radically to accommodate their growing populations, Oxford has managed to expand while still preserving its traditional structure. The 36 existing colleges are independent, self-governing institutions operating under the umbrella of the University of Oxford.TEXT GFirst read the following question.83. The figures in the second paragraph are used for the following purposesEXCEPTA. prediction。