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学术英语词汇新课标二级词汇本文档旨在介绍学术英语词汇新课标二级词汇，提供对这些词汇的简要解释和示例。
以下是一些常见的学术英语词汇，让我们一起来了解一下：1. Abstract (n.) - 摘要- A brief summary of the main points of a research paper or article.- Example sentence: The abstract of the paper provided a concise overview of the study's findings.2. Analysis (n.) - 分析- The process of examining something in detail, typically to understand its structure or to identify patterns or relationships.- Example sentence: The data analysis revealed interesting trends in the participants' responses.3. Hypothesis (n.) - 假设- A proposed explanation or prediction that can be tested through research or experimentation.- Example sentence: The researchers formulated a hypothesis to investigate the effects of exercise on cognitive function.4. Methodology (n.) - 方法论- The systematic approach used to conduct research or solve a problem.- Example sentence: The study's methodology involved surveying a sample of 100 participants.5. Validity (n.) - 有效性- The extent to which a measure or experiment accurately measures what it intends to.- Example sentence: The researchers considered the validity of their questionnaire by assessing its reliability and relevance to the study.6. Conclusion (n.) - 结论- The final decision or judgment reached after considering all the facts and evidence.- Example sentence: Based on the data analysis, the researchers drew the conclusion that there was a significant correlation between sleep duration and academic performance.7. Citation (n.) - 引用- A reference to a source of information, typically in a formal academic document.- Example sentence: The author cited several studies to support the arguments presented in the research paper.这些是学术英语词汇新课标二级词汇的简要解释和示例。
英语专业学年论文语音是口头交际的基础,也是语言教学的出发点。
下面是店铺为大家整理的英语专业学年论文，供大家参考。
英语专业学年论文范文一：情感过滤效应在外语教学中的应用摘要：本文从情感过滤效应学说出发，解释了语言教学过程，不仅是认识过程，传授知识的过程，而且是情感交流的过程。
同时，笔者认为情感过滤学说不够完善，不能解释语言教学中的各种现象，进而提出了自己的看法。
论文关键字：情感过滤效应情感交流过程情感过滤理论(Affective Filters)是在一九八三年由西方语言学家克拉申(Krashen)提出的。
他的理论可用正面图说明：Filter(过滤器)Input(语言习得机制) (学习者的能力)他认为，“在语言教学过程中，老师讲授的语言知识(即Input输入)需经过一个情感过滤器(即filter)的作用方可进入学生的语言习得机制(即languageacquisition device)，其后再转换为学生的语言能力(acquirer’s competenc e)。
”[1]所谓情感过滤器是指师生关系。
他认为，“在语言教学过程中老师采取愈理想的态度，情感过滤器的阻力则愈小;若情感过滤器阻力降至最低点，过滤时教师的输入对学生的语言习得机制将呈完全开放状态，可完全通过过滤器而直达学生，使其获得最佳学习状态。
”[2]这样，学生就会激发起更高的学习欲望，主动要求更多的输入，同时也能够获得更多的输入。
克拉申(Krashen)提出的情感过滤理论把语言学理论与语言教学实践联系起来，认为语言是通过接受可理解性输入而产生的。
由此可以看出，情感过滤学说是符合教育学与心理学规律的，有它新颖性，对语言教学活动，特别是对外语教学有重要指导意义。
教学过程是教师、学生的主要实践活动。
凯洛夫的《教育学》认为，“教学过程是一种在教师指导下，学生学习前人已经认识了的知识技能，培养一定观点和道德品质的认识过程。
”[2]即教学过程是一种特殊的认识过程。
中华女子学院外语系本科毕业论文指导手册（第三版）外语系本科教学工作委员会编印前言为了使英语专业学生能够清楚地了解毕业论文的写作要求、写作规范及整个流程，顺利通过毕业论文写作和答辩，也为了各位指导教师在论文指导过程中有一个较为标准的依据和参考，我们在参考了英语专业毕业论文写作有关著作的基础上，结合我院对于本科毕业论文指导与写作的相关要求，编印了《中华女子学院外语系本科毕业/学年论文指导手册》（以下简称《手册》），供我院英语专业四年级学生撰写毕业论文、三年级学生撰写学年论文时使用，也可供攻读英语专业第二学位的学生撰写学位论文时参考。
需说明的是，本手册为基本规范，不同方向的论文可根据各自特点在教师指导下灵活掌握。
本《手册》为第3版，与第2版相比，主要从以下3个方面做出了调整：1）单一电子文档分页；2）目录自动生成；3）引用文献（Works Cited）（尾注与参考文献合二为一）。
此次调整，将有助于学生的写作和教师的指导，使论文添加、删减、查找等操作简便易行，便于我系对论文电子版进行统一存档，同时也有利于提高学生遵守学术规范的自觉性。
第3版规范自2008级学年论文起实施，但2007级毕业论文需遵照执行上述第1、2点。
（详细说明见3.2、3.3、3.4，操作方法见附件8）本手册主要参考了以下著作：Form and Style: Research Papers, Reports, and Theses (Carole Slade著，田贵森导读)，How to Write Research Papers (Sharon Sorenson著，贾中恒译编)，《英语学术论文写作》（刘存波主编），《英语专业毕业论文写作》（穆诗雄主编），《英语专业毕业论文写作教程》（张秀国主编），《英语专业本科毕业论文设计与写作指导》（李正栓主编），《英语写作手册》（丁往道主编）。
外语系本科教学工作委员会2011年3月目录1. 毕业论文的基本要求 (4)2. 毕业论文的撰写步骤及流程 (5)3. 毕业论文的撰写规范和格式要求 (7)3．1 整体结构(Elements of a Research Paper) (7)3．2 各部分基本规范 (7)3．3 引文格式 (8)3．4 引用文献与注释格式 (10)4. 毕业论文的基本文稿技法（Mechanics） (13)4．1 大写 (Capitalization) (13)4．2 斜体(Italics) (13)4．3 缩略语(Abbreviation) (14)4．4 数字(Number) (14)4．5 拆词换行(Word Division) (14)4．6 标点（Punctuation） (15)5. 毕业论文等级评定标准 (18)附件1：选题示例 (20)附件2：国内外外语与外语教学类学术期刊与网址 (24)附件3：本科毕业论文封面和封底（摘自院教字[2007]15号） (26)附件4：本科学生毕业论文（设计）写作指导记录表 (28)附件5：本科毕业论文开题报告表（摘自院教字[2007]15号） (29)附件6：外语系本科毕业论文工作进度安排 (31)附件7：英语专业毕业论文模版 (32)附件8：正文格式要点及操作方法 (37)1. 毕业论文的基本要求英语专业毕业论文是属于人文科学领域的学术论文，旨在考查本专业的毕业生是否能够对文学、语言、商务、文化、翻译等领域里的某一选题做出较全面、系统的归纳、论证和分析。
附1：外国语学院英语专业08级学年论文指导教师及学生名单班。
附2：英语专业学年论文参考选题文学类1 解读布莱克诗篇《老虎》的象征意义2 弥尔顿创作目的和结果的矛盾之我见3 华滋华斯诗歌的自然观4 简析《秋颂》的美学价值5 由《云雀颂》看雪莱的诗歌创作观6 论叶芝诗歌中的象征主义7 狄金森诗歌的现实意义8 论现代诗歌与后现代诗歌的异同9 解读《麦克白》的创作意义10 由海明威的《杀人者》理解客观叙述法11 解读福克纳的《干燥七月》12 中外文学作品比较13 英文作品中的人物分析14 英文作品的社会意义15 英文作品的文体风格16 一个值得同情的复仇者--- 评希思克力夫被扭曲的心路历程17 小议《红字》中红字的寓意18 试论马克・吐温短篇小说的幽默特色19 惠特曼的死亡哲学20 “罪”与“罚”的对立统一--- 浅析《红字》的主要人物21 一个复杂的人--- 《呼啸山庄》男主人公希克后性格分析22 论《呼啸山庄》--- 原始古朴与文明理性的交错色彩23 一人分饰两角--- 论《了不起的盖茨比》中“二元主角”手法的运用24 思嘉的精神家园--- 陶乐25 是母亲，还是情人--- 论《儿子与情人》中莫雷尔太太的任务性格26 善恶交织的心灵挣扎--- 透过小说《威廉・威尔逊》和《黑猫》看艾伦・坡的善恶观27 五颜六色的语言世界--- 论英汉语言中的颜色与颜色词28 恐怖与美丽--- 浅议爱德加・艾伦・坡的恐怖小说29 论《美国丽人》一片中任务的两面性30 爱的超越--- 浅析《查泰莱夫人的情人》中的性的描写31 《简・爱》中的女权思想评析32 死亡，人生永恒的主题--- 《因为我不能停步等待死神》与《死之念》之比较33 论海明威小说中的死亡主题34 The Charm of Lady Chatterley35 奏响生命的新乐章--- 浅析艾立丝・沃克的《紫颜色》36 安诺波佩--- 南太平洋上美国社会的幻灯片37 站在传统和现代之间--- 《荆棘鸟》和《穆斯林的葬礼》的比较赏析38 Domby and Son --- the Portrait of a Capitalist39 “女权主义”运动与英语语言中的“性别歧视”现象40 从《苔丝》看哈代小说的悲剧意识41 谈简・爱的叛逆性格42 从语言的角度分析《麦田里的守望者》中的儿童形象43 璞玉无暇，浑然天成：论艾米莉.狄金森的自然情结44 导致马丁.伊登自杀因素的分析45<<傲慢与偏见〉〉中影响婚姻的因素46 探讨马克吐温的反奴隶制--对《哈克贝利芬历险记》中吉姆的分析47 导致盖茨比悲剧产生的个人因素48 论美国梦破灭的社会因素——盖茨比和威力洛曼的比较49 论《愤怒的葡萄》中汤姆的心理变化50 关于《简爱》中修辞的研究51 论苔丝悲剧的原因52 论《了不起的盖茨比》中的象征主义和人物描写53 透视《太阳照样升起》中的“迷惘的一代”54 鲁滨逊人物分析55 论《红字》中象征手法的运用56 论《野性的呼唤》的写作手法57 《老人与海》主人公——桑提亚哥形象分析58 论《丧钟为谁而鸣》的主题思想语言学类1 从历史文化的发展看某个英语词或短语的语义演变2 英诗中常用的修辞3 英语谚语的修辞手法4 英语中的缩略语5 英语词汇中的外来语单词6 英语新词新意探究7美国英语的特色8 如何正确把握英语定语从句（或其他各种从句或语法形式）在句子中的确切含义9 Fuzzy Words and Their Uses in Human Communication10 Ambiguity and Puns in English11 Some basic consideration of style12 English Personal Pronouns: a Preliminary Textual Analysis13 Thematic Network and Text Types14 An Inquiry into Speech Act Theory15 On Lexical Cohesion in Expository Writing16 The Inferences of Conversational Implications17 Context and Meaning18 The Construction and Interpretation of Cohesion in Texts19论我国与美国的外语教育及改革20谈谈英语委婉语21广告英语的文体特点22浅谈禁忌语和委婉语之关系及各自用途23英、汉价值观念与礼貌用语24中美日常交际中的文化差异25试谈英语教学中的交际性26中西方文化差异及其语言体现27英语中的歧义现象28中学词汇教学之我见29论大学英语教学中交际能力的培养语言教学类1 扩大词汇量和提高英语阅读能力的关系2 提高英语阅读速度的主要障碍3 英语阅读能力和阅读速度的关系4 通过扩大知识面提高英语阅读能力5 如何在阅读实践中提高英语阅读能力6 阅读英文报刊的好处7 如何处理精读和泛读的关系8 如何对付英语阅读材料中的生词9 如何通过阅读扩大词汇量10 提高阅读能力和提高英语听力的关系11 英语听说读写四种技能的关系12 通过英语阅读提高英语写作能力13 英语快速阅读能力的构成成分14 中学生英语自主学习能力的培养15 英语教学中的语言焦虑及解决策略16 简笔画-英语教学中简单高效的教学手段17 提高英语听力理解能力的策略和技巧18 电子辞典与英语教学19 普通话对英语语音的迁移作用20 母语迁移在基础教育各阶段中的作用21 提高大班课堂教学的效果22 《英语课程标准》研究23 口语教学中教师的角色24 从心理学角度探讨少儿英语教学25 英语课堂提问的策略研究26 英语后进生产生的原因以及补差方法研究27 英语词汇教学方法探讨28 小学生英语口语能力评估方法研究29 朗读在英语教学中的作用30 任务型教学法研究31 方言对学生英语语音的影响32 英语阅读课堂教学模式探讨33 英语课堂的合作学习策略研究34 中学生英语学习策略的培养35 探究式教学法在中学英语教学中的应用36 现代信息技术在英语教学中的应用37 教师教学行为对高中生英语学习的影响38 实施成功教育减少两极分化39 小学英语活动课教学模式研究40 中学英语听力训练最佳方案41 原版电影与英语学习42 中学生英语兴趣的培养43 《疯狂英语》（或各种教学方式）的利与弊44 张思中教学法实践调查报告45 如何杜绝中式英语46 英语教师的文化素养47 网络时代如何学好英语48 背景知识与阅读理解49 上下文在阅读理解中的作用50 家庭教师在中学生英语学习中的利弊51 中学英语教学现状分析52 中学英语课堂上的Daily Report53 中外教师解释课文方法比较54 中外教师课堂提问方法比较55 中外教师课堂鼓励性用语比较56 中外教师对学生总体要求之比较57 计算机辅助英语教学中的诸问题58 不同种类的计算机辅助英语教学方式59 计算机辅助英语教学中的教学法原则60激发学生学习兴趣，提高学生学习能力61中学外语教学：问题与思考62谈交际法与中学英语课堂教学63论Internet对我国外语教学的影响64试谈简笔画教学法65试论英语教学的情景创设66谈如何建立一个轻松活跃的英语课堂67重视语篇结构分析，提高高中英语阅读课的教学质量68如何在英语教学中培养学生的学习兴趣69中西方文化差异1：中学英语教学中不可忽视的问题70双重活动教学法中跨文化教学71高中生心理特征与英语教学72外语教学的和谐气氛与有效交际73第二语言习得与幼儿英语教育74试谈提高初中英语课堂教学效率75在英语教学中如何培养学生的创新意识和能力76完善教学艺术，激发学生学习英语的兴趣77搞好语篇教学，培养阅读能力78谈谈如何激发学生学习英语的兴趣问题79兴趣活动交际--- 浅谈交际教学法在中学英语口语教学中的应用80论英语课外活动的开展81论中学英语教学中的动机因素82中学英语情景教学法初探83浅谈如何使用新编英语教材，搞好农村初中英语口语教学商务英语及翻译类1商务英语的特点及翻译技巧2商务英语函电在对外贸易中的作用3商务英语函电翻译技巧4商务谈判中英语的重要性5商标名称的翻译与策略6浅谈商务英语写作时避免修饰语错位的方法7商务函电翻译的用词技巧8社会文化迁移对中国式英语的影响9英语写作中常见中式英语分析10商务英语写作中的错误与商务英语写作教学之间的关系11汉译英中遇到新词语的译法问题12商务英语的特征与翻译13浅谈涉外合同英语特色14英汉文化差异和翻译15英语习语翻译16翻译与语境17翻译中的对等问题18翻译中的衔接与连贯19翻译中的文化信息传递20语篇体裁与翻译策略21汉语四字词语的翻译22数字的翻译23翻译中的语序转换24谈英语被动句的翻译25英汉句法对比和翻译26谈合同（或其他各种类型文本）的翻译27英语否定句的翻译28广告英语及其翻译29中国特色词汇及其英译30英语长句的理解与翻译31商号、商标、公司名称等的翻译32 Importance of Meaning Group in Translation33文化差异与英汉习语翻译34浅析《虞美人・春花秋月何时了》的三中英译35浅谈如何综合选用直译和意译36中国特色新词的英译37汉语成语的英译技巧探索38英语习语的翻译技巧39弘扬中国文化，让世界了解中国--- 汉英翻译中的“求同存异”原则跨文化交际类：1英语学习中中国文化缺失对跨文化交际能力的影响2正视中西文化冲突提高跨文化交际能力3从跨文化交际中的语用负迁移反思英语教学4情境教学法在跨文化交际教学中的应用5从跨文化交际的角度解读中西方礼貌准则和策略6英汉委婉语及其在跨文化交际中的作用7跨文化中的归化和异化8英语教学中学生跨文化交际能力的培养9跨文化交际中的饮食文化差异10从集体主义和个人主义看国际商务谈判的文化差异11国际商务交流的文化障碍12中英礼貌用语之差异13过渡语僵化现象文化因素成因14跨文化交际中的美国个人主义15英汉隐喻的文化背景差异研究16中英礼貌用语研究综述17颜色词的文化内涵18英语专业八级考试后效作用浅析19女性俚语使用研究20中国茶文化与西方咖啡文化对比研究21文化休克：问题与对策22浅析《圣经》对汉语语言文化的影响23汉英称谓语中的文化差异24中美家庭暴力中孩童被动受害现象的文化成因分析25民俗风情游--中西"水"文化之比较26跨文化商务谈判中的文化适应27法律翻译文本的再创造研究28音乐在外语教学中的运用29跨文化交际中的空间观30英汉习语的文化差异分析31英语教学中学生自主能力的培养及其在教学中的可行性研究32单时制和多时制与跨文化交际33跨国婚姻中的跨文化交际问题34文化冲击下中国人家庭观的改变35当代中美女性婚姻观的比较研究36中美商务谈判礼仪之礼貌用语比较37从《老友记》看现代英语词汇中的语言性别差异现象38解析麦当劳文化在中国的流行39中文广告中的评价性语用指示词研究40博客文化及博客交流的特点41时间观差异在跨文化交际中的应用参考文献：除相关的专著之外，以下杂志的现刊与过刊可供参考：《中国翻译》，《上海科技翻译》，《外语教学与研究》，《外国语》，《中小学外语教学》，《外语电化教学》，《中小学英语教学与研究》，《外国文学评论》，《外国语言文学》，《外语界》，《国外外语教学》，《现代外语》及外语院校学报等。
和教育有关的英语词汇education 学历educational background 教育程度educational history 学历curriculum 课程major 主修minor 副修educational highlights 课程重点部分curriculum included 课程包括specialized courses 专门课程courses taken 所学课程courses completed 所学课程special training 特别训练social practice 社会实践part-time jobs 业余工作summer jobs 暑期工作vacation jobs 假期工作refresher course 进修课程extracurricular activities 课外活动physical activities 体育活动recreational activities 娱乐活动academic activities 学术活动social activities 社会活动rewards 奖励scholarship 奖学金"Three Goods" student 三好学生excellent League member 优秀团员excellent leader 优秀干部student council 学生会off-job training 脱产培训in-job training 在职培训educational system 学制academic year 学年semester 学期（美）term 学期（英）president 校长vice-president 副校长dean 院长assistant dean 副院长academic dean 教务长department chairman 系主任professor 教授associate professor 副教授.guest professor 客座教授lecturer 讲师teaching assistant 助教research fellow 研究员research assistant 助理研究员supervisor 论文导师principal 中学校长（美）headmaster 中学校长（英）master 小学校长（美）dean of studies 教务长dean of students 教导主任probation teacher 代课教师tutor 家庭教师governess 女家庭教师intelligence quotient(IQ) 智商pass 及格fail 不及格marks 分数grades 分数scores 分数examination 考试grade 年级class 班级monitor 班长vice-monitor 副班长commissary in charge of studies 学习委员commissary in charge of entertainment 文娱委员commissary in charge of sports 体育委员commissary in charge of physical labor 劳动委员Party branch secretary 党支部书记League branch secretary 团支部书记Commissary in charge of organization 组织委员Commissary in charge of publicity 宣传委员degree 学位post doctorate 博士后doctor(Ph.D) 博士master 硕士bachelor 学士student 学生graduate student 研究生abroad student 留学生returned student 回国留学生foreign student 外国学生undergraduate 大学肄业生.senior 大学四年级学生；高中三年级学生junior 大学三年级学生；高中二年级学生Sophomore 大学二年级学生；高中一年级学生Freshman 大学一年级学生Guest student 旁听生（英）Auditor 旁听生（美）government-supported student 公费生commoner 自费生extern 走读生day-student 走读生intern 实习生prize fellow 奖学金生boarder 寄宿生classmate 同班同学schoolmate 同校同学graduate 毕业生scholar 学者学校、院校等教育机构英文词汇小学：primary/elementary school中学：middle/high school初中：junior high school高中：senior high school大专：college大学：university小学校长：Headmaster中学校长：Principal大学代理校长：Acting President大学副校长：Vice President大学校长：President大学名誉校长：Chancellor义务教育：compulsory education学前教育：preschool education特殊教育：special education高等教育：higher education/tertiary education教育目标主要英文词汇素质教育：quality-oriented education/education designed to rasie to overall quality of students陶冶情操：cultivate one's taste and temperanment五讲四美三热爱：the movement of "five stresses, four points of beauty and three loves"以人为本：people oriented/foremost有理想、有道德、有文化、有纪律：with lofty ideals, integrity, knowledge and a strong sense of.discipline德才兼备：to combine ability with character; equal stress on integrity and ability教授professor◎副教授associate professor◎客座教授visiting professor; guest professor◎讲师lecturer◎助教assistant◎专职教师full-time teacher◎兼职教师part-time teacher◎辅导员assistant for political and ideological work◎教研室/组teaching and research section/group◎教学组teaching group◎教员休息室staff room; common room◎母校Alma Mater◎校友alumnus; alumna◎学生会students’union/association◎高年级学生upper/higher grade pupil/student; pupil/student in senior grades◎低年级学生lower grade pupil/student; pupil/student in junior grades◎走读生day student; non-resident student◎住宿生boarder◎旁听生auditor◎研究生graduate student; post-graduate (student)◎应届毕业生graduating student/pupil; this year’s graduates◎听课to visit a class; to sit in on a class; to attend a lecture◎公开课open class◎课程course; curriculum◎必修课required/compulsory course◎选修课elective/optional course◎基础课basic course◎专业课specialized course◎课程表school timetable◎课外活动extracurricular activities◎课外辅导instruction after class◎课外阅读outside reading◎课堂讨论class discussion◎（大学的）研究小组；讨论会seminar◎教学大纲teaching program; syllabus◎教学内容content of courses◎学习年限period of schooling◎学历record of formal schooling◎学年school/academic year◎学期(school)term; semester.◎学分credit◎分数mark; grade◎五分制the 5-grade marking system◎百分制100-mark system◎学习成绩academic record; school record◎成绩单school report; report card; transcript◎毕业论文thesis; dissertation◎毕业实习graduation field work◎毕业设计graduation ceremony◎毕业典礼graduation ceremony; commencement◎毕业证书diploma; graduation certificate◎毕业鉴定graduation appraisal◎授予某人学位to confer a degree on sb.◎升级to be promoted to a higher grade◎留级to repeat the year’s work; to stay down◎补考make-up examination◎升学t o go to a school of a higher grade; to enter a higher school◎升学率proportion of students entering schools of a higher grade◎奖学金scholarship◎（国家）助学金(state)stipend/subsidy◎领取助学金的学生a grant-aided student◎学费tuition (fee)◎伙食费board expenses◎伙食补助food allowance教育课程、教育方式英语词汇公开棵：open class课程：course; curriculum必修课：required/compulsory course选修课：optional/elective course基础课：basic course专业课：specialized course课程表：school timetable课外活动：extracurricular activities课外辅导：instruction after class课外阅读：outside reading课堂讨论：class discussion大学的研究小组、讨论会：seminar教学大纲：teaching program; syllabus教学内容：content of courses.毕业典礼：graduation ceremony; commencement毕业鉴定：graduation appraisal毕业论文：thesis; dissertation毕业生：graduate毕业实习：graduation field work毕业证书：diploma;graduation certificate网上教学：online teaching/education函授课程：correspondence course人才类英语口译词汇人才高地：talent highland人才交流：talent exchange人才流失：brain drain人才战：competition for talented people双向选择：tow-way selection有识之士：people of vision职业培训：job training智力引进：recruit/introduce talents智力支持：intellectual support智囊团：brain trust/think tank专门人才：professional personneleducational history 学历educational background 教育程度educational system 学制academic year 学年term/ semester 学期diploma 文凭tuition 学费School 学校fee-paying school 付费学校/私立学校public school 公立学校regular school 普通学校primary/elementary school 小学high/middle school 中学university 大学college 学院academy 高等专科院校normal school 师范院校Curriculum 课程courses taken 所修的课程.major 主修课minor 辅修课specialized course 专业课compulsory course 必修课optional course 选修课Activities 各项活动social practice 社会实践extracurricular activities 课外活动physical activities 体育活动recreational activities 娱乐活动academic activities 学术活动social activities 社会活动Rewards 奖励scholarship 奖学金excellent League member 优秀团员excellent leader 优秀干部"Three Goods" student 三好学生Faculty and Students 教师和学生principal 中学校长（美）headmaster 中小学校长（英）master 小学校长（美）Party branch secretary 党支部书记League branch secretary 团支部书记commissary in charge of organization 组织委员commissary in charge of publicity 宣传委员dean of studies 教务处长dean of students 教导主任department chairman 系主任professor 教授associate professor 副教授guest professor 客座教授lecturer 讲师teaching assistant 助教supervisor 论文导师post doctorate 博士后doctor(Ph.D) 博士master 硕士bachelor 学士graduate student 研究生abroad student 留学生undergraduate 本科生government-supported student 公费生commoner 自费生.day-student 走读生boarder 寄宿生evening student 夜校生guest student 旁听生（英）/auditor 旁听生（美）repeater 留级生freshman 大学一年级学生sophomore 大学二年级/高中一年级学生junior 大学三年级/高中二年级学生senior 大学四年级/高中三年级学生alumnus 校友master 男教师。
132019年47期总第487期ENGLISH ON CAMPUS应用型独立学院英语专业毕业论文写作问题分析及反思——以湖北大学知行学院为例文/王 琳一、引言英语专业的毕业论文是一个将理论学习与实践相结合的一个学习过程，是检验英语专业学生大学四年英语知识学习的一个实践标准， 是对英语专业学生语言综合能力应用的一个考核， 也是一所高等教育院校英语专业办学质量的一个直观反映。
二、我院英语专业毕业生论文写作的现状《高等学校英语专业英语教学大纲》(2000)指出：“毕业论文是考查学生综合能力， 评估学业成绩的一个重要方式。
评分时除了考虑语言表达能力外， 还应把独立见解和创新意识作为重要依据”。
结合应用型高等院校以培养应用型人才为主要的办学目标， 湖北大学知行学院英语专业对英语专业(翻译方向)的毕业论文写作进行了近十年的探索与改革， 引导学生开展创新型论文的写作，例如：最新影视作品、文学作品、宣传片的翻译与分析，旅游景点介绍的翻译与分析，家乡传统文化与习俗的翻译与分析，中国好故事的收集整理及翻译......在这个过程中，课题组对该学院2015-2019届英语专业毕业论文(翻译方向)开展了抽样调查，对创新型论文中存在的问题进行了统计分析，主要存在三个方面的问题：1.写作基本功不够扎实， 语言表达能力不强，各种类型的语言表达错误太多， 主要错误如下：错误类型错误数量百分比(%)词汇错误单词拼写错误32 5.47大小写错误7312.48词义混淆，用词不当9516.24冠词使用错误12 2.05介词使用错误518.72人称使用错误27 4.62句式错误复合句前后不一致14 2.39并列句的连接问题22 3.76句子成分残缺6911.79中式英语表达518.72语序颠倒29 4.96时态问题时态使用不一致19 3.25动词形式使用错误25 4.27非谓语动词使用错误18 3.08语态问题主动语态使用过于频繁33 5.64其他标点符号使用错误15 2.56总计585100从表中不难看出，论文中的语言表达错误出现最多的还是集中在词汇错误以及句式错误方面。
高考英语新课标新增单词主要包括以下几类：
1. 社会热点词汇：这类词汇主要涉及当前社会热点话题，如环保（environmental protection）、气候变化（climate change）、人工智能（artificial intelligence）等。
这些词汇有助于学生了解时事，提高综合素质。
2. 科技词汇：随着科技的发展，一些新的科技词汇也逐渐进入了高考英语的词汇范围，如虚拟现实（virtual reality）、大数据（big data）、物联网（internet of things）等。
这些词汇有助于学生了解科技发展动态，拓宽知识面。
3. 文化词汇：这类词汇主要涉及中国传统文化和世界各国文化，如茶道（tea ceremony）、京剧（Peking Opera）、瑜伽（yoga）等。
这些词汇有助于学生了解中西文化差异，提高跨文化交际能力。
4. 生活词汇：这类词汇主要涉及日常生活中的一些事物和现象，如共享单车（shared bikes）、移动支付（mobile payment）、网购（online shopping）等。
这些词汇有助于学生更好地融入现代生活，提高生活品质。
5. 学术词汇：这类词汇主要涉及各个学科领域的专业术语，如生物技术（biotechnology）、心理学（psychology）、经济学（economics）等。
这些词汇有助于学生在学术研究和职业发展中更好地运用英语。
商务英语专业毕业论文选题参考范围商务英语专业毕业论文选题参考范围无论是在学习还是在工作中，大家或多或少都会接触过论文吧，论文的类型很多，包括学年论文、毕业论文、学位论文、科技论文、成果论文等。
那么你知道一篇好的论文该怎么写吗？下面是小编为大家整理的商务英语专业毕业论文选题参考范围，欢迎大家借鉴与参考，希望对大家有所帮助。
注意：以下仅为选题方向、范围参考，确定自己的选题，请联系。
本地、本人（职业、岗位、兴趣）实际、热门话题、疑难问题。
文化对比类1、中西方餐饮文化对比2、跨文化交际与中西文化冲突3、中西方餐桌礼仪差异4、了解中西方不同礼仪在外贸业务中的意义5、中英文在生活中的差异6、文化差异与英汉习语的翻译7、论语境在翻译中的重要性8、英语听说读写四种技能的关系9、方言对英语发音的影响10、英语词汇中的外来语单词11、美国英语的特色12、中外文学作品比较13、报刊英语中标点、缩略语的应用14、背诵在英语中的作用15、英语与美语的差异16、中西饮食文化的比较17、中西文化中礼仪在外贸业务中的比较18、中美商务谈判中恭维语及恭维应答的比较分析19、商务英语信函中词汇特征的分析其他1、礼仪在商务英语谈判中的作用2、商务英语函电在对外贸易中的作用3、商务合同中英语词汇的作用4、商务英语在中国加入 WTO 后的新发展和新趋势5、商务英语函电写作和作用6、商务谈判的成功因素7、中美商务谈判中恭维语及恭维应答的比较分析8、商务英语信函的词汇特征分析9、英汉习语中的明喻、暗喻和借代10、英汉习语对比及反映的东西方文化异同11、英语商标的文化内涵与汉译12、商务谈判中英语的重要性13、礼仪在商务谈判中的重要性14、还盘信中的写作技巧15、商务谈判中成功的要素16、商务函电的写作及用词特点17、入世商务英语写作的措施研究18、外贸单证在出口业务中的地位和作用19、对背信用证和可转让信用证的对比分析20、外贸单证在缮制过程中的要点毕业论文选题参考（1）以下为论文选题范围参考：1）外贸及其相关领域；2）商务英语语言研究与商务英语教学研究；3）商务英语翻译研究；4）市场营销研究；5）国际商务交际研究（2）以下为商务英语专业的参考选题，仅供参考：1） The Influence of Cultural Elements on the Translation of the idioms in Commercial English 试论文化因素对经贸领域中习语翻译的影响2） Commercial English： its characteristics and translation 经贸英语的特点与翻译3）The Characteristics of Business Contract Wording in English &； its Translation 英语经贸契约的用词特点与翻译4）On the Usage and Translation of Prepositions and Prepositional Phrases in Business Contracts in English 英语经贸契约介词和介词短语的用法及翻译5）Understanding and Translation of the Divisional Phenomena in English Economic Contracts 英语经贸契约分隔现象的理解与翻译6）Lexical Features of Business Contract English and Its Translation 经贸合同英语词法特征及其翻译7）Characteristics and Distinctive English Translation of Words in Business Contracts 商务合同英语用词特点及翻译的`特色标记8） The Characteristics and the Present Situation of Foreign trade English Translation 对外经贸翻译的特点与现状9） On the Translation of Commercial Advertisement 谈商业广告的翻译10）On the Role of Social Context in Business English Translation 浅议经贸英语翻译中语境因素的作用11）On the Criteria of Translating English in to Foreign—oriented Economy and Trade Affairs 试论经贸英语翻译的标准12）Translation Characteristics of Economy and Trade English 经贸英语的翻译特点13）Understanding and Translation of the Divisional Phenomena in English Economic Contracts 英语经贸契约分隔现象的理解与翻译14） On Abbreviations in Business English谈经贸英语中的缩略语现象15）On the Strategies of the Mistranslation in Business English 论经贸英语误译的对策16） Multi—angle Views On Business English Translation 经贸翻译的多视角17） A Classification & Translation of Words Denoting Major Positions in Business English 经贸英语中主要职务用词的分类与翻译18）The Classification and Translation of the Business English Terms with the Reference of "Money"经贸英语中含有"钱款"意义词汇的分类及翻译19） A Brief analysis on the Characteristics of Business English Vocabulary 浅议经贸英语词汇的特点20） Word Diction in Economy and Trade Translation 经贸翻译的词义选择21）On the Multi—discipline of the Economic English Vocabulary 论经济英语语汇的多学科性22） On the Features of Business English Letters 浅谈外经贸英语信函的写作特点23） Adjusting the Tone in International Business English 经贸英语缓和口吻表达方法探究24） The Stylistic Features of the Contract English 协议、合同英语的文体特点25） On Translation of English Advertisement 广告英语的翻译26）Advertisement English Translation in Cross—cultural Background 跨文化背景中的广告英语翻译27） On Modifiers of Nouns in English for Foreign Economy & Trade 略谈外经贸英语中的名词修饰语28）On Translation of the Dates，Amount and Numbers（Figures） in the Economic & Trade Contracts 经贸契约中日期、金额和数字的翻译29） Translating Strategy of Modern Business English 现代商务英语翻译策略30） The New Trend of Economy & Trade English after Chinas Entry into WTO经贸英语在中国加入WTO后的新趋势31）Knowledge of Formulaic Expressions in Foreign Economic and Trade Contracts for the Study of Legal English 了解涉外经贸合同套语扫除法律英语学习障碍32）The Principle of Faithfulness in C—E Business Translation 关于英汉经贸翻译的"信"33） Methods and Principles of Trade Mark Translation 商标翻译的方法及应遵循的基本原则34） The Language Characteristics and Translation Strategy of English Advertisements 广告英语语言特点及其翻译策略35） A Study of the Characteristics of Sentences in International Economic Trade Contracts in English 试谈英文国际经济贸易合同的句法特点36）How to Correctly Understand & Translate the Compound Words Formed from Here—， There— and Where—in Economic & Trade Contracts 如何正确理解和翻译经贸契约中Here， There—和 Where 构成的复合词37） he Life of the Translation of the Literature of Economy and Trade—— Accuracy in the Translation 经贸文体翻译之生命——准确性38） On the Rhetoric Character and Translating Method of Advertising English 浅析广告英语的修辞特点和翻译方法39） On Metaphors in Business English and Translation 商务英语中的隐喻及其翻译40）On "Faithfulness" and "Innovation" in Foreign TradeEnglish Translation 外贸英语翻译的"忠实"与"变通"41）The Strategies of Domestication and Dissimilation on Advertising English Translation 广告英语翻译的"归化"和""异化"策略42） Cross—cultural and Cross—linguistic Factors in English Advertisement Translation 英语广告翻译中的跨文化、跨语言因素43）Nominalization application in business English letter writing and its translation 名词化结构在商务英语信函中的应用和翻译44） On the Art of Rhetoric and Translation Approaches in Advertising English 论广告英语的修辞艺术和翻译方法45） The Negative and Active Function of Fuzzy Language in Business Writing 论模糊语言在经贸英语写作中的作用46）The Application of PP （Polite Principle）in Business English Communication47）CP（Cooperative Principle）and Business English Interpretation48）On the Cliché Expressions in Business English 商务英语中陈词腐语探析49）Hypotaxis and Parataxis in the Context of English to Chinese Translation of Business Literature 商务英语翻译中形合义合分析50） On the Preciseness of Business English Contracts 论商务英文合同语言严谨性51）How to Achieve Consideration in Business Correspondence 实现商务函电中“consideration”的手段52） A Research into the Legalese in Applied Business Literature 商务英语应用文中的法制性语言研究53）On the Balance between Conversational English and Old—fashioned English “conversational English” 与“old—fashioned English”的恰当使用54）Features of Foreign Trade English and its Translation Model 外贸英语的特点与翻译模式55）An Analysis of the Rhetorical Devices used in English Business Advertisements 商务英语广告语言修辞探析56） On the Translation of Trademarks 商务英语商标翻译技巧57） Business English Abbreviations and their Functions商务英文缩略语构成及功能58） On the Application of the Politeness Principle in Foreign Trade Correspondence“礼貌”在函电中的恰当使用59）Principles of Translating Economic Literature of Enterprises from Chinese to English 企业外宣资料汉英翻译原则60）English—Chinese Translation of Trademarks：Its Principles and Strategies 英语商标的汉译原则及策略61） The Puns in English and Chinese Advertisements and the Translation of Them 英汉广告中的双关语及其英汉互译62）The Pragmatic Analysis and Translation Strategies of Long Sentences in English Business Contracts 英语商务合同长句的语用分析及翻译策略63）Influence of Cultural differences on the Chinese—English Translation of Business Writing 文化差异对商务汉英翻译的影响64） On Equivalence of Cultural Message in the International Business English Translation 国际商务英语翻译中的文化信息等值研究。
学科分类号0502本科学年论文题目（中文）论英语新词汇的发展（英文）On the Development of New English Words姓名学号院（部）外国语学院专业、年级2012级英语专业指导教师职称讲师二○一四年六月ContentsAbstract (1)Introduction (2)Chapter 1 Introduction to the English Language (4)1.1 The Development Process of English (4)1.2 Rules of Word-building (5)1.2.1Affixiation (5)1.2.2Composition (6)1.2.3Shortening (6)1.2.4Loan word (7)Chapter 2 The Changing Words in English (8)2.1 New Words Created by Shakespeare in the Past (9)2.2 New Words Being Developed Recently (10)Chapter 3 The Influence and Tendency of the Change (11)3.1 The Influence of the Change (11)3.2 The Tendency of the Change (12)Conclusion (13)Bibliography (15)Acknowledgements (16)On the Development of New English WordsGao LiuAbstract:Language is always changing. With the changes and development in politics, economy and technology, there are many new English words appeared. According to the statistics, there are about 2 million words in English, and about 1500 new words are added every year. Words are the most active and sensitive part of a language, especially English. This thesis studies the development of new words in terms of the causes, the sources of new words and the formation of new words. Based on these, this paper expounds the influence and tendency of the development of new English words and provides a reference for English learners.Key Words: new English words; word-building rules; Shakespeare’s contribution to English words; development tendency；摘要：语言总是在改变。
随着政治、经济、科技的变化和发展涌现了许多英语新词汇。
根据调查数据，英语中共有大约200万词汇，每年还有约1500个新词加入。
词汇是语言中最积极和敏感的部分，尤其是对英语来说。
本文通过对新词产生的原因，新词的来源以及新词的形成的研究阐述了新词的发展。
在此基础上，本文说明了新词发展的影响和趋势，为英语学习者提供了参考依据。
关键词：英语新词；构词法；莎士比亚对词汇的贡献；发展趋势IntroductionGenerally speaking, there are only two types of languages in the world: the one is that having been abandoned or nobody use it anymore, which people call it “dead language”, such as Hebrew and the ancient Latin; the other is that still being used at present, which the English learners call it “living language”, Chinese, English, French are included in this type. Besides, they are the most commonly use d. It’s not hard to notice that those “living languages” all changed and developed as time goes by. English, as the most commonly used language in the world, is also the language that changes most. Therefore, people from all walks of life come to pay attention to the changes of new English words. The reasons come out that, in the first place, the study in new words will largely broaden learners’ knowledge quantity. In the second place, study on the changes of English words will provide more methods for English learners in remembering new words. In the third place, without knowing the up-dated words, people will confront with many difficulties or even make some embarrassment in daily communication.“What is the definition of new English words?” Perhaps this i s a question that every researcher must answer. According to their different backgrounds, there are different definitions towards it. Generally speaking, in practical level, there are two meanings about new English words: on the one hand, it means the words appeared at the first time during a certain period, for example, the Longman Register of New Words (1989) included the words appeared from 1986 to 1988; on the other hand, it means the words having not been included in a certain dictionary or even all the dictionaries. The Word-Coinage, Being anInquiry into Recent Neologisms, Also a Brief Study of Literary Style, Slang, and Provincialisms, published in 1902 is the earliest work studied on new words in 20 century. Although it was not a dictionary, it collected some articles about new words. In these articles, Mead firstly carried out the research on new words, and listed many new words created by the former American writers. In 1944-1976, Doctor Russell write a paper called “Words and meanings, New” for th e British Yearbook once a year. From 1970s, the study on new words and dictionary has been of great concern. The columnists begin writing papers about new words and their usages. “On Language” of William Safire—the columnist of New York Times was the longest and most influential column.Researches and studies on new English words has never stopped, which are the very examples to show its unparalleled significance. This paper will start from the history and origin of English to the significance of its change and development. And then make a research about it comprehensively. Ways carried out in this paper is to combine the careful analysis of all available resources with the experiences the common college students have in confronting with the new words in daily communication. In addition, I will also learn from senior and experienced teachers. Only in those ways a careful and cautious conclusion would be awaiting us.Chapter 1 introduction to the English language Before studying on the new English word, it is necessary to know about the origin and development of English and English words.1.1 The Development Process of EnglishThe history of the English language began over 1500 years ago in the north of Europe. Round the fifth century A.D., tribes of people known as the Angels, Saxons, and Jutes traveled west from Germany and Denmark across the North Sea. They settled in Britain, by the late seventh century, they were speaking an early form the English. In the late eighth century, the Vikings attacked England. Fighting continued for almost two hundred years. During this time, many Latin, Danish, and Norse words entered the English language. In 1066, the Normans conquered England. French became the language of the wealthy and powerful, and English was spoken mostly by poorer people. In the late fourteenth century, English became the first language again. By this time, many words used in English came from French or Latin, and a lot of the early words no longer existed. In the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, people became interested in the classics. At this time, words from Latin and Greek peoplere included in the English language. A lot of words or parts of words, from those languages are used in modern English.Today, English has loan words from many of the world’s languages. Everyone can probably find a word used in English that first came from their native languages.1.2 Rules of Word-buildingAfter knowing about the origin o f English, now it’s time to get a deeper understanding from the aspect the formation of English words.1.2.1 AffixationAffixation is generally defined as the formation of words by adding word-forming or derivational affixes to base. This process is also known as derivation, by which new words are derived from old or base forms. The words created in this way are called derivatives. According to the positions affixes occupy in words, affixation falls into two subcategories: prefix and suffixation.On the other hand, the suffix, from its meaning people can know that it is another kind of word-making, which creates new words by adding some parts from the old ones. For example, “-phobia”, the word “claustrophobia” means someone may feel scared and anxious when staying in a place with small space. Part of the prefix, suffix and some word-building elements are especially prolific or particularly active. Such as “anti-”, “-logy”, “mini-“, “multi-” and so on, such kind of word formation components in the process of form neologisms plays a very positive role.1.2.2 CompositionThis kind of word is mostly consisted by two or more than two morpheme (also known as morphemes) terms, it means two or more than two words are combined to form a new one. These two words can be in the form of one word, and can also be a compound phrase or be a totally new word or phrase by using a hyphen to connect the two parts. In the modern English vocabulary, the compound words account for the vast majority, and most of these words are made up of two morphemes, words consisting of more than two morphemes are few.At present, many new words are created by a new method--that ismaking a new word by breaking off both ends of the two words, this method is also called patchwork method (also known as blending). For example, the Comsat (communications satellite), created by the word of “communication” and “satellite”; Chinglish (Chinese type of English), synthesized from “Chinese” and “E ng lish”; and so on. From above, it’s obvious to see that composition is a very common feature of new English words and people use it everywhere in the life.1.2.3 ShorteningEnglish shortening can be mainly divided into two categories.The first one is called shorten words (also known as clipped word), which means using the original word to have some processing or to cut some parts and then create new words, when cutting the front part of one word to get another one, such as the word “phone” from “telephone”, “story” from “history”, “copter” from “helicopter” and so on; when cutting the back part to get a new one, just like the word “ad” from “advertisement”, “expo” from “exposition”, etc.This kind of word formation has the characteristics of conciseness, convenience and is easy to be used. In the process of English development, many words using the abbreviation or shortening have replaced the original words or phrases, such as the word “bus” replaced “omnibus”, the word “plane” replaced “aero plane”, the word “laser” replaced the phrase of “light amplification by stimulate demission of radiation” and so on.1.2.4 Loan wordLoan word is one of the most important parts of the English vocabulary. In any dictionary, some 80% of the entries are borrowed,which indicated that there are a large number of borrowed words in English. For instance, English borrowe d “typhoon” and “kungfu” from Chinese; “judo” and “kimono” from Japanese; “comedy” and “tragedy” from Greek; “genius” and “habitual” from Latin and “government” and “saint” from French.With the rapid increase of English vocabulary, studying English loanwords is becoming even much more important and necessary to learn and understand the English language.Chapter 2The Changing Words in EnglishAccording to the analysis of the most widely used languages in the world, it is not difficult to find that there is a similarity among them: they are always changing.2.1 New Words Created by Shakespeare in the PastMany people would say William Shakespeare influenced English most. Shakespeare is a world—famous playwright. Besides, he is also a genius in language, his vocabulary is amazing. According to a statistics, he invented over 1700 of our common words by changing nouns into verbs, changing verbs into adjectives, connecting words never before used together, adding prefixes and suffixes, and devising words wholly original. The first method is quoting words from other languages. Shakespeare created more than 600 words through quoting words from Greek, Latin, French, and so on. The second method is transformation. Changing the characteristic or property of a certain word into another type is one of the most important methods that Shakespeare always used. For example, there are some adjectives which can be used as nouns in order to indicate a kind of people: the poor, the rich, the educated, the disabled and so on. In fact, the usage firstly began from Shakespeare. In The Tragedy of King Richard II, there is a verbal battle in the beginning: Then call them to our presence; face to face, and frowning brow to brow, ourselves will hear the accuser and the accused freely speak. It is obvious to see that Shakespeare used “accused”as a noun. The third method is creating new words by Shakespeare himself. “Assassination”is created when he wrote Macbeth. As the bravest general, Macbeth was appreciated by the king. When the king inspected the battle field, Macbeth decided tokill the king and substituted him to be the king. Now there is a piece of entangled monologue: If it we re done when ’tis done, then it was well. It was done quickly: if the assassination. Could trammel up the consequence, and catch with his surcease success. Besides, Shakespeare also created many new words, such as agile, allurement, catastrophe, critical, demonstrate, dire, emphasis, emulate, expostulation, extract, hereditary, horrid, mediate, modest, vast, prodigious, perfectible and so on.2.2 New Words Being Developed RecentlyNew English words do not show up randomly. On the contrary, it is the social backgrounds and some main factors that lead to its appearance, even prosperity. Then, what can be the catalyzer in this process and from what aspects can the learners have a deep understanding about the causes and formation of new English words?On the one hand, since the second half of the 20th century, science and innovation of technology emerge endlessly. All sorts of new things about technology in various fields have sprung up during an extremely short period of time, especially in the field of medicine and computer. Medical instruments and equipment are becoming much more advanced, the innovation and development of medical method is getting faster than ever before. Computer types increase gradually, and the continuously extension of computer using greatly reflect on the aspect of new English words, for example, from the word cloning, test-tube baby to sex-change surgery, avian flu, and so on; and from the word website, the Internet access to e-books, online shopping, etc. The increasing innovation of science and technology progress is becoming an important power to pushthe development of new words in English, also the importance and significance of science background is becoming more and more prominent.On the other hand, the wide spread of Internet is the premise of new cyber words’ appear. The Internet has influenced people’s lives in many aspects, meanwhile, it influenced the language people use in daily communication. With the development of the Internet, on-line shopping has become a heated shopping style. Many people choose to do shopping on line because of the cheap price and convenience. Interestingly, “showrooming” appeared at the same time. It means to select the goods in a hypostatic store and then buy it on the Internet in a cheap price.Another common example is “phubber”. The development of smart phones has brought us many benefits, but people still cannot deny that there are also many disadvantages exist. “Phubbing” means only focus on the phone and don’t even look up to see the other people on social occasions. And learners call people who always do that as “phubber.”Apparently, the appearance of all these words should be contributed to the changes and development in science and the Internet.Chapter 3 Influence and Tendency of the Change Apart from the analysis above, it’s necessary to analyze the influence and the tendency of the change and development in English new words. Only through the analysis below can the readers benefit more from the thesis.3.1. The influence of the changeIt cannot be denied that people do benefit a lot from the appearance of these buzzwords. Through the development of new words, people get closer and closer to the outer world. For example, without the appearance of the word “euthanasia”, if the government wants to make the euthanasia legal, what will they explain it to the public? They should explain it like this: euthanasia is the practice of killing someone who is very ill and will never get better in order to end their suffering, usually done at their request or with their consent. What’s worse, the public may still be confused. But with the creation of “euthanasia”, people can get a better and clearer understanding about it.As the saying goes “every coin has two sides.” Although these buzzwords have brought us many benefits, their disadvantages should also be noticed. One of my friends told me a joke. One day his brother suddenly said to him that he has found out the reason why he can’t learn English well. It’s because of the large glossary! And there are still many new words added into English every day! What she said reminded the author that the continuously op-dated words are big problems to English learners. Besides, there are many loan words only used in local place and known by local people. Recently “tuhao”, “no zuo no die” are commonly used in China, and they are also included in the America UrbanDictionary. From the author’s point of view, there is no need for Chinese to be too excited about it. Actually, in English-spoken countries, people do not use these words as frequent as people are. In other words, they don’t have much meaning in practical usage.3.2 The tendency of the changeThe reason why English can exist so long and spread so fast and wide is that the source is diverse. Countries such as England, America, Canada, Australia and New Zealand take English as the first language; countries such as India, Pakistan and Nigeria take English as the second language; there are also many countries take English as the common language in international communication. All these countries bring new words to English. What’s more, with the development of technology and advancement of economy, a large group of new words spring up. The new added words are more focus on the field of the technology of the computer and smart phone, like mobile dating app, for instance. In addition, the change of meaning is another important tendency. For example, the word “gay”was used to mean “happy,”while the decriminalization of gay marriage gave it a new life, which means love the one who is in the same gender with you. Last but not least, the pace of life goes quicker and quicker, people desire to get the most information in a least time, acronym has been widely used. Such as WTO(World Trade Organization), UNESCO(United Nations Educational、Scientific and Cultural Organization) and so on. Apart from this, some interesting concise expressions have been advocated commonly. OIC stands for “Oh, I see!”A FA IK stands for “as far as I know,”etc. In a word, the new words are closer to the daily life and more concise to use.ConclusionWord is the most flexible factor in English, especially in the fickle world. It is created from our daily life and served our life as the feedback. Therefore, when people do exercise in English reading, people should not only have a clear and thorough understanding of the new words, but also analyze the constitution of the word formation. Besides, it is extremely necessary for us to read a lot, back dip to the source of the new words, and then people may learn about the way of coming into being of new words, even use them in English studying or our daily life skillfully and expertly.Closer and closer contact between countries make the whole world a global village, and with the forward steps of rapid social development, people need to know more about new English words. So this paper introduces how the English came into being and the rules of word-building, which includes affixation, composition, shortening and loan word in chapter 1. In chapter 2, I describe in the view of time: from the words created by Shakespeare in the past to the words being developed recently. In chapter 3, the author analyzes the influence and tendency of the change. Both the advantages and disadvantages have been considered. Besides, the tendency of the change means there is a better future waiting for English.From the information above, people may get a closer relationship with English. And with times moving on, people’s attitude towards English also need to move forward and should be positive, what can’t be denied is that when people have a large number of English vocabulary, knowing how to understand and analyze English structures, and get theway of mastering English skills, then people may truly enrich themselves, understand the world and keep up with the social progress!Bibliography[1]M.A.K.Halliday,Colin Yallop: Lexicology, A Short Introduction[M]. 2007.[2]John Algeo, Thomas Pyles:The Origins and Development of the English Language (Fifth Edition )[M].2002.[3]Allab, A, M, Allaby.The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Earth Sciences[D]. 1990.[4]Merriam-Webster. Webster’s Third New International Dictionary (Unabridged) and Seven Language Dictionary [D]. 1986.[5]Random, House, Dictionary of the English Language (Unabridged, 2d.)[D].1998.[6]黄婷婷. 英语新词产生及其对汉语词汇的影响[D].2008.[7]陆佳佳. 21世纪英语新词的产生和发展[D].2006.[8]沈红. 浅析莎士比亚戏剧对英语词汇的影响[J].2003.[9]张志华. 英语新词新语的构成特征及发展趋势[J].2010.[10] 徐昌和．英语新词新语导论［M］．2009．AcknowledgmentsI would like to express my gratitude to all those who helped me during the writing of this thesis.Special thanks to Miss. Yan, my supervisor, who provided me with some enlightening suggestions for the idea of the thesis, but also recommended me the related information.I also wish to extend my heartfelt gratitude to the entire faculty of the college who has provided me with their warm and constant encouragement. I am always grateful to them for their kindness, patience and instructions.Next, I express my special thanks to Dawid, my foreign teacher, who helped me outline the framework of the paper.I should finally like to express my gratitude to my beloved parents who have always been helping me out of difficulties and supporting without a word of complaint.。
