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中国文化概况PPTword版2011-6-6说明：由于西区网络缘故，所发PPT打不开，现将课堂内容PPT转成word版，以此减少笔记的压力。
A Glimpse of Chinese Culture学生版1About This Course▪Time: 24 hours, 2 hours/week，12 weeks.▪Objectives:1)Getting a better understanding of Chinese culture;2)Getting to know the key terms in Chinese culture and their English expressions;3)Obtaining a comparative perspective in Chinese culture4)Cultivating a critical attitude towards Chinese culture▪Requirements1)Class attendances2)Active participation3)Final examinationAbout the Final ExaminationI. Give brief statements to the following topics (20%)II. Fill in the following blanks (20%)III. True or False. (20%)IV. Discuss the following two topics no less than 200 hundred words each. Both English and Chinese are acceptable(40%)注明：1、课程总评计分按学校规定，采用百分制，其中卷面占70%，平时30%。
平时成绩考评，按教务规定。
2、考虑到大一的语言能力表达有限，试卷作答允许中文，但文化现象分析必须符合上课讲授的要求。
第一章简论1. 泰勒的文化定义：文化是包括知识、信仰、艺术、道德、法律、习俗，和任何人作为一名社会成员而获得的能力和习惯在内的复杂整体。
2. 文化结构的四个层次：（1）物态文化层：指人的物质生产活动及其产品的总和，是看得见摸的着的具体实在的事物，如人们的衣、食、住、行等。
（2）制度文化层：指人们在社会实践中建立的规范自身行为和调节相互关系的准则。
（3）行为文化层：指人们在长期社会交往中约定俗成的习惯和风俗，它是一种社会的、集体的行为，不是个人的随心所欲。
（4）心态文化层：指人们的社会心理和社会的意识形态，包括人们的价值观念、审美情趣、思维方式以及由此而产生的文学艺术作品。
3. 中国文化的特点：（1）外在特点A.统一性：中国文化在其历史发展的长河中，逐渐形成了一个以华夏文化为中心，同时汇集了国内各民族文化的统一体。
B.连续性：中国文化在历史发展中没有中断过，它是一环扣一环地连续发展的。
C.包容性：中国文化能够兼收并蓄。
D.多样性：中国文化虽然是一个完整的统一体，但因中国地域广大，民族众多，所以内部的区域文化和民族文化又呈现出丰富多彩的差异。
（2）内在特点A.中国文化突出人文主义精神，它不像西方文化那样依附于神学独断。
中国虽然也有宗教，但它并没有渗透到日常生活的各个方面。
相反，在中国人的生活里，宗法道德观念才是维系整个社会的根本纽带。
B.中国文化注重和谐与中庸。
C.中国文化富于安土乐天的情趣。
第二章地理概况1.世界屋脊：青藏高原2.四大盆地：塔里木盆地、准格尔盆地、柴达木盆地、四川盆地3.四大平原：东北平原、华北平原、长江中下游平原、珠江三角洲平原4.西藏在（元朝）归入中国的版图。
5.明代设（奴儿干都司）管理整个黑龙江流域和乌苏里江流域。
6.从秦汉到隋代实行（郡县制），从唐宋到辽金实行（道路制），元明清三代实行（行省制）。
7.汉武帝将国分为（十三刺史部（也称十三州）），属于监察性质，还不是行政区域，但却是中国行政区划史上设“州”的开始。
中国文化概况原文翻译《中国文化概况》是一部书籍，是从文化角度架起一座沟通中西的桥梁。
下面小编为大家整理了中国文化概况原文翻译，希望能帮到大家！一、The constitution of the people’s republic of china is the fundamental law of the state.中华人民共和国宪法是中国的根本法。
The NPC is the highest organ of state power. Local people’s congresses are local organs of state power. The standing committee of the NPC is the permanent organ of the NPC. The term of office of the NPC and its standing committee is 5 years. The NPC and its standing committee are empowered with the rights of legislation, decision, supervision, election and removal.全国人民代表大会是最高国家权力机关。
地方各级人民代表大会是地方权力机关。
全国人民代表大会常务委员会是全国人大的常设机关。
全国人大及其常委会任期是五年。
全国人大及其常委会有立法，决策，监督，选举和罢免的权力。
The communist party is the sole party in power in china. Apart from it, there are eight democratic parties in china. Multi-party cooperation and political consultation under the leadership of the CPC is the basic political system in china.共产党是中国唯一的执政党。
中国文化课程概述(20 课时)公选课( 2022 年-2022年第一学期)第一章：中国文化及其形成第二章：历史发展第三章；周易与八卦第四章：姓氏与名、字、号第五章：学术思想第六章：中国最古老的文字——殷墟甲骨文参考教材：《中国传统文化释要》黄鹤主编华南理工大学出版社《中国历史文化概论》颜吾芟颜品忠编著北方交大出版社《中日传统文化要略》缪德良主编华东师大出版社《中国文化要略》程裕祯著外语教学与研究出版社(教材)第一章中国文化及其形成第一节：文化简论“文化”这个词，现在已经飞遍当今社会的各个角落，差不多到了家喻户晓、妇孺皆知的地步。
什么“旅游文化”、“企业文化”、“校园文化”、“服饰文化”、“饮食文化”、“建造文化”、“茶文化”、“酒文化”等等。
因此，现在来谈什么是文化，远比数年前要容易得多了。
无非，为了让大家能很好地理解我们以后要谈到的内容，这里还是要简略谈一下“文化”这个词的内涵。
一、文化的含义从文献记载看，“文化”这个词的意思，早在两千多年以前巳经浮现了。
《周易 ·贲( b ēn)》云：“观乎天文，以察时变；观乎人文，以化成天下。
”这大概是中国人论述“文化”的开始，但“文化”二字还没有连在一起。
它的意思是，治国者必须观察天道自然规律，以明了时序的变化；又必须观察人伦社会的各种现象，使天下人均能遵从文明礼仪，做到行为符合规范。
到了汉代，“文化”成为了相连的形容词，多为以文德治天下之意，或者用于与未经教化的“质朴”、“野蛮”对举。
西方的“文化”一词，来源于拉丁文 Cultura，它的意思是耕种、居住、练习、注意等等。
法文的 Culture，也是栽培、种植之意。
但又引伸为对人的性情的陶冶和品德的培养。
这里的意思就包含了从人的物质生产到精神生产两个领域。
可见，西方“文化”的含义比中国古代“文化”的含义要宽泛得多。
1871 年，英国文化学家泰勒在《原始文化》一书中给“文化”下了这样一个定义，说它是“包括知识、信仰、艺术、道德、法律、习俗和任何人作为一位社会成员而获得的能力和习惯在内的复杂整体”。
Chapter 1The Origin of Chinese Culture文化词汇Confucian philosophy 儒家哲学Confucius孔子Mencius孟子the descendants of Yan and Huang 炎黄子孙the Spring and Autumn and the Warring States Periods 春秋战国时期The Art of War《孙子兵法》porcelain 瓷器三皇五帝Three Emperors and Five Sovereigns)Gregorian calendar/ solar calendar格里高利历,是国际通用的历法,即公历lunar calendar阴历the Twenty-four Solar Terms二十四节气Chinese Zodiac生肖Chinese Culture---Past and PresentChinese history began with two legendary figures—Emperor Huang and Emperor Yan, who, together with their tribes, inhabited the drainage area along the middle reaches（中游）of the Yellow River. By the time of Xia Dynasty, after centuries of living side by side, these two tribes had gradually merged into（合并，融合）one. Consequently, the Chinese people usually call themselves “the descendants of Yan and Huang”.People at that time believed that the land they lived on was the center of the world, and called their state the "Middle Kingdom"(中国), thus giving China its country name.Traditional Chinese culture is recorded not only in history books and documents, but also in archeological records(考古记载), such as ancient city walls, palaces（宫殿）, temples（寺庙）, pagodas（宝塔）, and grottos（洞窟）; artifacts（史前古器物）, such as bronze objects, weapons, bronze mirrors, coins, jade and pottery objects, and curios; and folk culture, including song and dance, embroidery（刺绣）, cuisine（烹饪）, clothing, tea ceremonies, drinking games, lanterns, riddles, martial arts（武术）, chess and kites. With a continuous history of 5,000 years, it has undergone frequent transformations to produce a rich and vital cultural heritage.In the modern day, with the rise of western economic and military power beginning in the mid-19th century, Western systems of social and political organization have gained adherents in China. Indeed, within today’s globalized environment, modern cultures interact and cooperate increasingly more with each other. China’s culture of the future will most likely reflect this cross-cultural dimension. Thus, obtaining a solid understanding of China’s culture of the past is necessary in order to successfully embrace all that the culture has to offer to the world.The Appellation of ChinaChina is the appellation of our country given by foreigners. The porcelain china is the transliteration of the place name Changnan(昌南), which was the old name for Jingdezhen（景德镇）. The porcelain made in Changnan was smooth and bright, and earned another name of artificial jade. It became famous both home and abroad and was exported to Europe in large quantities.As time passed, people in Europe forgot the meaning of Changnan and switched the original meaning of porcelain of the word “china” to the place of its origin.The Alternative Names of China⏹Chixian, Shenzhou(赤县、神州)⏹Jiuzhou (九州)⏹Hua ( 华)⏹Huaxia(华夏)⏹Zhonghua(中华)⏹Hainei(海内)Chinese MythologyChinese Mythology is a collection of cultural history, folktales（民间故事）, and religions that have been passed down in oral or written form. Chinese mythology is similar to modern religion in that they both believe in relationships between mankind and a higher power.Historians have conjectured（推测）that Chinese mythology began in 12th century BC (close to the time of the Trojan War 特洛伊战争). The myths and legends were passed down in oral form for over a thousand years, before being written down in early book such as Shui Jing Zhu and Shan Hai Jing.The classification of myth神话的分类Creation myth 创世神话：Nvwa Created Man(女娲造人）Hero myth 英雄神话：Houyi Shooting the Sun(后羿射日)War myth 战争神话：Yellow Emperor Tackled Human-God(黄帝擒蚩尤)Cultural MosaicHeavenly Stems and Earthly BranchesThe standard Gregorian calendar is generally referred to as the solar calendar in China. The traditional Chinese lunar calendar, also known as the Jiazi calendar, counts the years in sixty-year cycles by combining two series of numbers---the 10 Heavenly Stems and 12 Earthly Branches.The Twenty-four Solar TermsThe traditional Chinese lunar year is divided into twenty-four solar terms, according to the position of the sun on the ecliptic in relationship to the earth. The solar terms designate agricultural periods, and can predict changing seasonal conditions, temperature, and weather throughout the course of the year. They are extremely important to agricultural production.Changes in the four seasons are determined by eight solar terms:立春( the Beginning of Spring),春分( the Spring Equinox ),立夏(the Beginning of Summer ),夏至(the Summer Solstice),立秋(the Beginning of Autumn),秋分( the Autumnal Equinox),立冬( the Beginning of Winter),冬至(the Winter Solstice )Changes in temperature are indicated by five solar terms:小暑Slight Heat ,大暑Great Heat ,处暑the Limit of Heat ,小寒Slight Cold ,大寒Great ColdChanging weather conditions are indicated by seven solar terms:雨水Rain Water ,谷雨Grain Rain ,白露White Dew ,寒露Cold Dew,霜降Frost's Descent ,小雪Slight Snow ,大雪Great Snow .Recurring natural phenomena are indicated by four solar terms:惊蛰the Waking of Insects ,清明Pure Brightness ,小满Grain Full,芒种Grain in EarChinese ZodiacIn ancient times, our ancestors counted the years with 10 heavenly stems and 12 earthly branches. Although this was scientific, most people were illiterate and could not memorize or calculate easily. Thus the animals that influenced people's lives were chosen to symbolize the terrestrial branches: the rat, ox, tiger, rabbit, dragon, snake, horse, sheep, monkey , rooster, dog and pig.Chapter 2 Culinary Culture文化词汇culinary厨房的，烹饪的;烹调用的cuisine烹饪，烹调法;菜肴main food主食,主粮（staple food ）Fire temperature火候food tonic 食补“Food is the first necessity of the people”(“民以食为天。
中国文化概况1文化的结构广义文化的结构：物态文化层：人类物质生产活动及其产品的总和制度文化层：各种社会规范、社会组织行为文化层：由集体约定俗成的行为规范心态文化层：价值观念、审美情趣、思维方式等狭义文化：心态文化层2宗法制度具体内容中国古代家庭内部区分亲疏关系的制度，源于父系氏族家长制，由周代形成一套制度，其核心是嫡长子继承制．在宗法制下，属于同一原始血缘的后代被分为大宗和小宗两支系，大宗就是始祖之下的嫡长子及嫡长子系，在同一代中，其余的诸子又称庶子，在小宗中也有大宗小宗之分．3关于孔子思想的两大核心内容仁——内在修养形成对人行为的规范。
是儒家学派道德规范的最高原则，孔子思想体系的理论核心。
礼——外在的社会契约意义形成对人行为的规范，礼是每个成员自觉维护社会和谐及等级秩序的责任与义务。
4儒家思想的积极意义人本思想：肯定人的生存价值和意义，认为个人不仅要加强自身的修养，而且要推己及人，关怀群体，关怀天地万物。
入世精神：忧国忧民，自强不息，体现了一种强烈的社会责任感。
道德价值：崇德贵民，孝悌和亲，文质彬彬。
5老庄学说中的辩证思想老子思想“道”是世界万物的本原。
朴素的辩证法思想，提示现实世界矛盾的普遍性。
无为而治是老子政治思想的中心内容。
庄子思想庄子继承并发展了老子有关宇宙起源与世界本体的观点。
相对主义的认识论：齐万物、齐生死、齐是非等观点。
关注精神的自由和心灵的超越。
6关于墨家思想四个方面内容墨家思想核心是兼爱，兼爱强调的是一种普遍的、平等的、交互的爱。
非攻：不仅在理论上反对一切战争，而且在实践上想方设法阻击战争的爆发。
尚贤：通过公平竞争让德才兼备者脱颖而出。
节用：针对统治者的穷奢极侈，主张节省财用，保护民利。
7宋明理学对儒家思想的新发展a儒家本体论学说的建构。
传统儒家注重政治伦理学说，宋明理学将儒家伦理思想和哲学整合为一，将“天人合德”发展为“天人一理”。
程朱理学认为理第一性，是人道的主宰，具象为人世间的纲常伦理，天理作用于人间伦理即产生仁义礼智。
中国文化概论课件contents •中国文化概述•中国语言文字文化•中国传统艺术文化•中国古代科技文化•中国传统节日习俗文化•中国现代文化创新与发展目录01中国文化概述文化的定义与特点文化的定义文化是一个国家或民族在长期历史发展过程中所创造并传承下来的精神财富和物质财富的总和，包括语言、文字、艺术、科学、技术、哲学、宗教、风俗习惯等方面。
文化的特点文化具有多样性、历史性、传承性、创新性和共享性等特点。
不同地域、民族和时代所创造的文化各具特色，共同构成了丰富多彩的人类文化。
中国文化的起源与发展起源中国文化的起源可以追溯到远古时期，黄河流域的原始部落创造了最早的华夏文化，成为中华文化的源头。
发展随着历史的演进，中国文化经历了夏商周三代、春秋战国、秦汉、三国两晋南北朝、隋唐五代、宋辽夏金元、明清等历史时期，逐渐形成了独具特色的文化体系。
中庸儒家思想中的重要观念，主张在处理问题时保持中立和平衡，避免极端和偏激。
和谐中国传统文化中的核心理念之一，追求人与自然、人与社会、人与人之间的和谐共处。
诚信中国传统文化中的重要价值观之一，强调诚实守信、言行一致，是人际交往和社会秩序的基础。
仁爱儒家思想的核心价值观之一，强调人与人之间的关爱和尊重，追求和谐的人际关系。
中国文化的核心价值观02中国语言文字文化1 2 3介绍汉字的起源，包括结绳记事、八卦、图画等早期记事方式，以及仓颉造字的传说。
汉字的起源详细阐述汉字从甲骨文、金文、小篆、隶书、草书、楷书、行书的演变过程，以及各个时期汉字的特点和代表作品。
汉字的演变分析汉字的结构，包括象形、指事、会意、形声等造字法，以及汉字所蕴含的文化内涵和哲学思想。
汉字的结构与内涵汉字的起源与演变汉语的特点与魅力汉语的特点介绍汉语作为孤立语的特点，如缺乏形态变化、词序和虚词是重要的语法手段等。
同时，阐述汉语声调的作用和影响。
汉语的魅力探讨汉语在表达上的独特魅力，如丰富的词汇、灵活的句法、生动的修辞等。
中国文化概况中英版An Overview of Chinese Culture (English Version)I. IntroductionChinese culture, with its long history and profound essence, is the sum of material and spiritual cultures created and passed down by the Chinese nation throughout its historical development. Chinese culture emphasizes humanism, focusing on moral values, etiquette, family, and social order.II. Main Contents1. History and EvolutionChinese culture boasts a rich history spanning thousands of years, from the Xia, Shang, and Zhou dynasties to the Spring and Autumn period, the Warring States period, and then to the Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming, and Qing dynasties. It has continuously absorbed and integrated foreign cultures, forming a unique cultural system.2. Traditional ValuesConfucianism is one of the cornerstones of Chinese culture, emphasizing virtues such as benevolence, filial piety, loyalty, and etiquette, which have profoundly influenced the behavior and values of the Chinese people. Taoism emphasizes the harmony between man and nature, advocating a natural and non-interventionist approach. Buddhism, on the other hand, emphasizes compassion and self-sacrifice, having a significant impact on Chinese religion and philosophy.3. Cultural Characteristics- Festival Culture: China has many traditional festivals, such as the Spring Festival, Mid-Autumn Festival, and Dragon Boat Festival, each with unique celebration methods and cultural connotations.- Clothing Culture: Traditional Chinese clothing, such as Hanfu and Tangzhuang, reflects the unique aesthetic concepts and cultural characteristics of the Chinese nation.- Architectural Culture: Traditional Chinese architecture, including palaces, temples, and gardens, is renowned for its distinctive styles and exquisite craftsmanship.- Cuisine Culture: Chinese cuisine, known for its rich flavors and exquisiteculinary techniques, is an important representation of China's cultural charm.4. Influence on the WorldThe values and ideological systems of Chinese culture have had a profound impact on the world, especially Confucianism, which has influenced Asia and beyond. Traditional Chinese arts and forms of expression, such as calligraphy, painting, and Peking Opera, are also deeply loved and admired by people around the world.III. ConclusionChinese culture is a treasure of the Chinese nation, embodying unique charm and value. Through learning and understanding Chinese culture, we can gain a deeper understanding of the history, traditions, and spiritual outlook of the Chinese people, further enhancing our sense of national pride and self-confidence. At the same time, Chinese culture has also made significant contributions to the diversity and development of world culture.中国文化概况中英版一、引言中国文化，源远流长，博大精深，是中华民族在长期历史发展过程中所创造并传承下来的物质文化和精神文化的总和。
