2011年南开大学外国语学院255二外德语真题及详解【圣才出品】

2006年南开大学外国语学院251二外英语真题及详解一、用音标注明下列单词的正确发音。

5%1. umbrella【答案】[ʌm'brelə]2. accurate【答案】['ækjərət]3. betrayal【答案】[bɪ'treɪəl]4. criminal【答案】['krɪmɪn(ə)l]5. domestic【答案】[də'mestɪk]6. edible【答案】[ˈedəb(ə)l]7. garage【答案】[ɡə'rɑdʒ]8. interrupt【答案】[.ɪntə'rʌpt]9. monotonous【答案】[mə'nɑt(ə)nəs]10. roast【答案】[roʊst]二、将下列英语短语译成汉语。

15%11. go over【答案】检查，复习12. fill in【答案】填写，代替13. give up【答案】放弃，停止14. be determined to do sth.【答案】下定决心做……15. off balance【答案】失去平衡16. generation gap【答案】代沟17. catch sight of【答案】瞥见，发现18. go on strike【答案】举行罢工19. quality control【答案】质量管理，质量检验20. take advantage of【答案】利用……21. count out【答案】宣布失败，不把……计算在内22. over and over again【答案】一再地23. be responsible for【答案】对……负责，是……的原因24. make notes【答案】记笔记25. take over【答案】接受，掌管三、从A、B、C和D中选出一个正确答案。

20%26. My friend Mary is _____ beautiful girl and _____ girl that you would like to workwith.A. a; aB. the; aC. the; theD. a; the【答案】D【解析】第一次提到使用冠词a，当有修饰语修饰时，需要使用定冠词the。

[考研类试卷]2011年南开大学英语专业（语言学）真题试卷一、名词解释1 acoustic phonetics2 allophonic variation3 back-formation4 government5 anaphor6 cognate7 spoonerism8 conversational maxim9 face validity10 negative transfer二、音标题11 Write the phonetic symbol that corresponds to each of the following phonetic descriptions, and then give an English word that contains this sound.<u>phonetic description</u> <u>phonetic symbol</u> <u>English word</u>(1)voiceless bilabial unaspirated stop [ ](2)palatal glide [ ](3)high back tense rounded vowel [ ](4)nasalized low-mid back lax rounded vowel [ ]12 In the African language Manika, the affix, the meaning of which is similar to that of the suffix -ing in English, has two phonetic forms, as shown in the data given below. You are required to(1)give the two phonetic forms of the affix;(2)give the underlying form of the affix;(3)write a formal phonological rule to derive the underlying form of the affix to its phonetic forms, using the words[dumuni]"eating" and[sungoli]"sleeping" to illustrate the process of derivation.bugo hit bugoli hittingdila repair dilali repairingdon come donni comingdumu eat dumuni eatinggwen chase gwenni chasingda lie down dali lying downfamu know famni knowingmen hear menni hearingsungo sleep sungoli sleeping三、简答题13 What is a "slip of the tongue"? What has research into "slip of the tongue" phenomena revealed about speech production process?14 Please give a brief account of the relevance theory.15 In your opinion, in what ways can corpus data contribute to lexical studies?16 Please describe error analysis procedures in second language research.四、分析题17 Analyze the morphemic structure of the English words gentlemanliness and unlockable, using a labeled tree diagram to illustrate the morphemic structure of the word under analysis.(1)gentlemanliness(2)unlockable18 The English sentences given below are ungrammatical. You are required to give the syntactic explanation to the ungrammatically in each of the sentences.(1)* Jack put his ball.(2)* I wonder Michael walked the dog.(3)* Frank thinks himself is a superstar.19 Phrases are considered to be syntactic units, or constituents. The phrases labeled in the sentence given below can be independently verified with the help of some special tests. You are required to use two tests as they apply to XP-level constituents for verification.You may draw a tree diagram for demonstration if you think it is necessary. [The children]NP will[stop[at the corner]PP]VP if they see us do so.20 The English sentence is given below. You are required to(1)give the Deep Structure of the sentence,(2)give all the rules relevant to Interrogative Transformation,and(3)transform the Deep Structure of the sentence into its Surface Structure by applying the rules you have given. Tree diagrams for DS and SS are necessary.What did John eat?21 State about ONE of the two topics given below(minimally 200 words). (1)In English, the plurality of countable nouns can be represented in several forms, or suffixes. The following are examples of some of such forms. Are these suffixes of plurality the allomorphs of one and the same morpheme, or are they different morphemes? State the reasons for your answer to the question.Singular Plural Singular Pluraldwarf dwarfs[s] stratum strata[]dogs dogs[z] thesis theses[i:z]wife wives[z] bureau buraux[z]oxoxen[n] stimulus stimuli[ai]22 State about any speech production model that you are familiar with. Use an utterance example to illustrate your understanding of the chosen model and explain how it accounts for the exchange error of "This is the happiest life of my day".。

圣才电子书 十万种考研考证电子书、题库视频学习平台

8．武汉大学二外德语考研真题及参考答案（2008-2011）
武汉大学 2011 年二外德语考研真题
A.基础语法。(共 25 分)
I. 选择题。(本题 15 分，每小题 1 分)
1. In der ______ der Universität ist ein Supermarkt. A. Rücken B. Nähe C. Rand D. Oberfläche
6. Wir helfen nur den Leuten, ______ wirklich Hilfe brauchen. A. die B. wer C. den D. wen
7. Ich weiß nicht, ______ sie gestern in der Klasse erzählt hat. A. wovon B. davon C. von das
B. 阅读理解。(本题 30 分，每小题 2 分)
Text 1 Kaum jemand mag sie nicht. Man isst sie, weil man Lust darauf hat, oder weil man sich
gerade geärgert hat und etwas Gutes für sich tun möchte. Kinder lieben sie. Wenn sie auf dem
Tisch steht, steht sie meistens nicht lange da. Jeder nimmt sich ein Stück, und bald ist sie weg—
die Schokolade. Sie ist in aller Munde. Wir lieben sie und wir hassen sie. Denn wer kennt ihn nicht, den Satz „Iss nicht zu viel davon, Schokolade macht dick“. Tatsächlich hat eine Tafel Schokolade, das sind 100 Gramm, circa 590 Kalorien, so viel wie eine ganze Mahlzeit. Doch was sie nicht hat, sind Vitamine. Ist Schokolade also nur ungesund? Vor allem Vollmilchschokolade enthält viel Zucker und Fett. In einer Tafel können bis zu 40 Gramm Fett sein. Ganz schön viel, denn 80 Gramm braucht ein Mensch pro Tag. Anders ist es mit dunkler Schokolade, auch

2012年南开大学外国语学院251二外英语真题及详解一、用音标注明下列单词的正确发音。

5%1. lunch【答案】[lʌntʃ]2. vitamin【答案】['vaɪtəmɪn]3. initiative【答案】[ɪ'nɪʃɪətɪv]4. Wednesday【答案】['wenzdɪ]5. raincoat【答案】[ˈreɪnkoʊt]6. watermelon【答案】['wɔtɚmɛlən]7. nightstand【答案】['naitstænd]8. conservation【答案】[.kɑnsər'veɪʃ(ə)n]9. illiterate【答案】[ɪ'lɪt(ə)rət]10. Kentucky【答案】[kənˈtʌki]]二、将下列英语短语译成汉语。

15%1. size up【答案】估计……的大小；符合要求2. look forward to【答案】盼望，期待3. human resources【答案】人力资源4. by the same route【答案】同样的路线5. decimal point【答案】小数点6. be exposed to【答案】曝光；曝露7. odds and ends【答案】零星物品，零碎东西8. press conference【答案】记者招待会，新闻发布会9. integrated circuit【答案】集成电路10. social stability【答案】社会稳定11. get along with【答案】与……和睦相处；取得进展12. business correspondence【答案】商业通信；业务书信13. settle down【答案】定居，安定下来；专心于14. on the way【答案】在……途中15. keep up with the Joneses【答案】赶上别人；与……攀比，比阔气三、从A、B、C和D中选出一个正确答案。

南开大学2011年二外俄语考研真题及详解一、翻译（每小题2分，共30分)。

1. 帮助我们思考生活【答案】помогать нам думать о жизни2. 就读于历史系【答案】учиться на факультете истории3. 流利地读俄语说俄语【答案】свободно читать и говорить по-русски4. 讲述大学里的生活【答案】рассказывать о жизни в университете5. 从事各种体育运动【答案】заниматься разными видами спорта6. 来自世界各国的大学生【答案】студентыиз разных стран мира7. 祝你生日快乐！【答案】поздравлять тебя с днем рождения!8. 弹钢琴弹得不错【答案】хорошо играть на рояле9. много нового и интересного【答案】许多新鲜有趣的事10. писать дипломную работу о русской литературе【答案】写俄罗斯文学方面的学位论文11. ехать на выставку на автобусе【答案】乘公交车去看展览12. Зимний дворец и Летний сад в Санкт-Петербурге【答案】圣彼得堡的东宫和夏园13. работать преподавателем в педагогическом институте【答案】在师范学院当老师14. показать другу нашу новую квартиру【答案】向朋友展示我们的新房子15. больше всего любить баскетбол【答案】最喜欢篮球二、将括号中的词组变成适当的形式（毎小题2分，共20分)。

1. Сколько_____ (книга и журнал) в вашем книжном шкафу?【答案】книг и журналов2. Он занимается с_____ (твои друзья) английским языком.【答案】твоими друзьями3. Только что Маша увидела_____ (своя тётя) на стадионе.【答案】свою тётю4. Профессор сказал, что лекция будет продолжаться с трёх до_____ (пять часов) дня.【答案】пяти часов5. Вчера мы с бабушкой гуляли в_____ (красивый сад).【答案】красивом саду6. Анна Васильевна, желаю Вам_____ (крепкое здоровье)!【答案】крепкого здоровья7. На этом собрании были сорок три_____ (молодой инженер).【答案】молодых инженера8._____ (Каждая суббота) их семья играет в настольный теннис.【答案】Каждую субботу9. Сейчас уже холодно, но в_____ (московское метро) тепло.【答案】московском метро10. По вечерам Ван Хуа любит читать романы в_____ (своё общежитие).【答案】своем общежитии三、在空白处填上适当的前置词，并将括号中的词組变成需要的形式，前置词可以重复使用(每小题2分，共20分)。

2012年南开大学外国语学院255二外德语真题及详解一、词汇结构(25P)Setzen Sie die passenden Lösungen ein! (25 P)1. Einige Leute ärgerten sich, weil im Bus nicht ______.A. rauchen durftenB. geraucht durfteC. geraucht werden durfteD. geraucht wurde【答案】C【解析】句意：一些人很生气，因为在公交车上不允许吸烟。

此句为省略主语的被动态。

2. ______ beschäftigst du dich denn am liebsten in deiner Freizeit?A. WofürB. WomitC. WoraufD. Wobei【答案】B【解析】句意：在空闲的时候你最喜欢做什么？sich mit…beschäftigen做...事。

3. Die Hauptstraße führt mitten ______ das Dorf hindurch.A. überB. nebenC. durchD. für【答案】A【解析】句意：主街道横穿这座村庄的中间。

4. Wie ist die richtige Reihenfolge?A. nie, selten, oft, meistens, immerB. selten, oft, nie, meistens, immerC. immer, oft, selten, meistens, nieD. immer, meistens, selten, oft, nie【答案】A【解析】nie从不。

selten很少。

oft经常。

meistens大多。

immer总是。

5. Christine ______ dem Rat ihrer klassenlehrerin gefolgt.A. istB. sindC. hatD. haben【答案】A【解析】句意：克里斯蒂娜听从了她老师的意见。

可编辑修改精选全文完整版外国语学院二外德语历年考研真题及详解(总5页)--本页仅作为文档封面，使用时请直接删除即可--全国名校外国语学院二外德语历年考研真题及详解（第3版）益星学习网可免费下载题库目录第1章全国名校外语学院二外德语考研真题分析二外德语考研真题分析重点院校二外德语考研真题比较第2章全国名校外语学院二外德语考研真题详解1．北京外国语大学二外德语考研真题及参考答案（2012～2014）2．中国人民大学二外德语考研真题及参考答案（2007）3．对外经济贸易大学二外德语考研真题及参考答案（2013～2014）4．北京第二外国语学院二外德语考研真题及参考答案（2012～2013）5．北京航空航天大学二外德语考研真题及参考答案（2012～2014）6．上海外国语大学二外德语考研真题及参考答案（2006）7．浙江大学二外德语考研真题及参考答案（2008-2009）8．武汉大学二外德语考研真题及参考答案（2008-2011）9．南京大学二外德语考研真题及参考答案（2008-2009）10．中山大学二外德语考研真题及参考答案（2012～2014）11．厦门大学二外德语考研真题及参考答案（2011～2013）12．四川外语学院二外德语考研真题及参考答案（2008-2009）13．南开大学二外德语考研真题及参考答案（2011～2012）第1章全国名校外语学院二外德语考研真题分析“二外德语”是全国各院校英语、日语、法语、俄语等外国语专业研究生入学考试科目，考生第二外语为德语。

一般来说，“二外德语”总分为100分，考试时间为3小时。

二外德语考研真题分析“二外德语”为全国各大院校自主命题，而非全国统考，没有统一的考试大纲，考生在备考“二外德语”时往往目标不明确，定位不准确，所以对各大院校的二外德语历年真题分析则显得尤为重要。

分析各大院校的二外德语试题能够为考生准确定位自己的德语水平提供很好的参照，也使考生对“二外德语”考试有一个全面的了解，更加清晰的了解出题者的思路，从而正确地制定出复习方法和学习步骤，使复习具有针对性，使复习的效果更上一层楼。

2011年南开大学外国语学院251二外英语真题及详解一、用音标注明下列单词的正确发音。

5%1. window【答案】['wɪndəʊ]2. letterbox【答案】['letəbɔks]3. framework【答案】['freimwə:k]4. Thursday【答案】['θə:zdi]5. T able【答案】['teibl]6. earphone【答案】['iəfəun]7. closet【答案】['klɔzit]8. environment【答案】[in'vaiərənmənt]9. telephone【答案】['telifəun]10. dining【答案】['dainiŋ]二、将下列英语短语译成汉语。

15%11. look up【答案】仰视；（商业、某人的前景等）转好，改善12. watch out【答案】小心，戒备，提防（可能发生麻烦等）13. deal with【答案】解决，处理14. wear off【答案】（使某事物）逐渐消失或除去l5. give in【答案】屈服16. figure out【答案】计算出，想出（主意）17. take over【答案】接管18. go ahead【答案】进行，前进19. be exposed to【答案】暴露于，暴露在……中20. dedicate to【答案】致力于21. stick to【答案】坚持……22. get along with【答案】和……和睦相处；取得进展23. at ease【答案】自在24. On the way【答案】在路上25. keep up with【答案】紧跟……三、从A、B、C和D中选出一个正确答案。

20%26. I wish my uncle could give me _____.A. many adviceB. much advicesC. many advicesD. a lot of advice【答案】D【解析】advice是不可数名词，没有复数形式，也不能用many修饰。

2009年南开大学外国语学院251二外英语真题及详解一、用音标注明下列单词的正确发音。

5%1. computer【答案】[kəmˈpjuːtə(r)]2. weather【答案】['weðər]3. bottle【答案】['bɑt(ə)l]4. sanitation【答案】[.sænɪ'teɪʃ(ə)n]5. conversation【答案】[.kɑnvər'seɪʃ(ə)n]6. notepad【答案】[ˈnəʊtˌpæd]7. lamp-post【答案】[læmp pəʊst]8. environment【答案】[ɪn'vaɪrənmənt]9. petroleum【答案】[pə'troʊliəm]10. criminal【答案】['krɪmɪn(ə)l]二、将下列英语短语译成汉语。

15%11. catch up with【答案】赶上12. stand out【答案】突出；坚持抵抗13. get wet through【答案】全身湿透14. wear away【答案】磨损，消磨，虚度15. give in【答案】投降，屈服16. figure out【答案】计算出，领会到17. mingle with【答案】和……混合18. in turn【答案】依次，轮流19. be exposed to【答案】遭受，暴露于……20. take over【答案】接收，接管21. stick to【答案】粘住22. put up with【答案】忍受，容忍23. at sea【答案】迷茫24. under way【答案】进行中，在行进25. financial crisis【答案】金融（财政）危机三、从A、B、C和D中选出一个正确答案。

20%26. You wo n’t get a loan _____ you can offer some security.A. lestB. in caseC. unlessD. other than【答案】C【解析】句意：除非你能提供保证，否则你不会得到贷款。

2007年南开大学外国语学院251二外英语真题及详解一、用音标注明下列单词的正确发音。

5%1. rumor【答案】[ˈruːmə(r)]2. pension【答案】['penʃ(ə)n]3. lure【答案】[lʊr]4. legacy【答案】['leɡəsi]5. identical【答案】[aɪ'dentɪk(ə)l]6. guarantee【答案】[.ɡerən'ti]7. era【答案】[ˈɪrə]8. garbage【答案】['ɡɑrbɪdʒ]9. conventional【答案】[kən'venʃ(ə)nəl]10. bulge【答案】[bʌldʒ]二、将下列英语短语译成汉语。

15%11. with each passing year【答案】每过一年12. on a large scale【答案】大规模地13. give up【答案】放弃（念头，愿望等），停止14. at sb’s service【答案】愿为某人服务，听候某人的吩咐15. be opposed to【答案】与某事物相对立，反对某事物16. generation gap【答案】代沟17. lose one’s balance【答案】失去平衡18. come to terms with【答案】与某人达成协议19. cash in on【答案】靠……赚钱，乘机利用20. behave oneself【答案】守规矩，规矩点儿21. at one time【答案】同时，曾经22. pay off【答案】还清（债务等），付清，报复23. run the risk of【答案】冒……的风险24. in the heart of【答案】在……的心中25. take a crack at【答案】（不管难与否）尝试一下三、从Ａ、B、C和D中选出一个正确答案。

20%26. If your monthly salary exceeds 10 000, you have to _____ 20% tax from the sumyou receive.A. designateB. repayC. subtractD. snatch【答案】C【解析】句意：平均月工资超过1000元的人须从工资总数中扣除20%的税。

目　录2004年南开大学外国语学院应用语言学真题及详解2005年南开大学外国语学院应用语言学真题及详解2006年南开大学外国语学院应用语言学真题及详解2007年南开大学外国语学院专业英语真题及详解2008年南开大学外国语学院857语言学基础真题及详解2009年南开大学外国语学院857语言学基础真题及详解2010年南开大学外国语学院904语言学基础真题及详解2011年南开大学外国语学院866语言学基础真题及详解2012年南开大学外国语学院883语言学基础真题及详解2004年南开大学外国语学院应用语言学真题及详解考试科目：应用语言学I. Illustrate each of the following terms briefly. (45 points)1． prescriptive linguistics【答案】Prescriptive linguistics: the linguistics that tries to lay down rules for “correct” behaviors. It seeks to tell people how language ought to be used by those who wish to use it.2． Displacement【答案】Displacement: Language can be used to refer to what is present, what is absent, what happens at present, what happened in the past, what will happen in the future or what happens in a far-away place. This property of language enables language users to overcome the barriers caused by time and place. For example, we can talk about Sapir, who is already dead; we can even talk about next week, which is in the future.3．IPA【答案】IPA: the abbreviation of International Phonetic Alphabet, which is devised by the International Phonetic Association in 1888. IPA is a set of symbols which can be used to represent the phones and phonemes of natural languages.4．suprasegmental【答案】Suprasegmental: aspects of speech that involve more than single sound segments. The principle Suprasegmental features are syllable, stress, tone, and intonation.5．blendings【答案】Blending is a process in which two words are blended by joining the initial part of the first word and the final part of the second word, or byjoining the initial parts of the two words. For example, the word “smog” is blended from “smoke” and “fog”.6．denotation【答案】Denotation: the core sense of a word or a phrase that relates it to phenomena in the real world. In the case of linguistic signs, the denotative meaning is what the dictionary attempts to provide. It is the literal meaning of a word, the dictionary meaning, opposite to connotation.7．hyponymy【答案】Hyponymy. It refers to the sense relationship between a more general, more inclusive and a more specific word. The word which is more general in meaning is called the superordinate, and the more specific words are called its hyponyms. For example, the hyponymy relationship could be established between “animal” and “rabbit”.8．stem【答案】A stem is any morpheme or combination of morphemes to which an inflectional affix can be added. For example, “friend-” in friends, and “friendship-” in friendships are both stems. The former shows that a stem can be equivalent to a root, whereas the latter shows that a stem may contain a root and a derivational affix.9．inflectional morpheme【答案】Inflectional morpheme: It is also called inflectional affixes, which attaches to the end of words Inflectional affixes and only add a minute or delicate grammatical meaning to the stem. The plural suffix is a typical example of this kind.10．back-formation【答案】It refers to an abnormal type of word-formation where a shorter word is derived by deleting an imagined affix from a longer form already in the language. For example, from “editor” the word “edit” was generated.11．c-command【答案】C-command: A c-commands B if and only if: 1) A does not dominate B and B does not dominate A; 2) The first branching dominating A also dominates B.12．Sapir-Whorf hypothesis【答案】Sapir-Whorf hypothesis consists of two parts: linguistic determinism and linguistic relativity. Linguistic determinism refers to the notion that a language determines certain nonlinguistic cognitive processes. Different languages offer people different ways of expressing around, they think and speak differently. Linguistic relativity refers to the claim that the cognitive processes that are determined are different for different languages. Thus, speakers of different languages are said to think in different ways. The hypothesis is now interpreted mainly in two different ways: a strong version and a weak one. The strong version believes that the language patterns determine people’s thinking and behavior; the weak one holds that the former influence the later. So far, many researches and experiments conducted provide support to the weak version.13．context of situation【答案】Context of situation: It refers to the linguistic and situational environment in which a word, utterance or text occurs. The meaning of utterances, etc., is determined not only by the literal meaning of the words used but also by the context or situation in which they occur.14．corpus linguistics【答案】Corpus linguistics: an approach to investigating language structure and use through the analysis of large databases to real language examples stored on computer. Issues amenable to corpus linguistics include the meanings of words across registers, the distribution and function of grammatical forms and categories, the investigation of lexico-grammatical associations, and issues in language acquisition and development. 15．CALL【答案】CALL: It is the abbreviation of computer-assisted language learning, which refers to the use of a computer in the teaching or learning of a second or foreign language. In this kind of CALL programs, the computer leads the student through a learning task step-by-step, asking questions to check comprehension. Depending on the student’s response, the computer gives the student further practice or progresses to new material.II. Name each of the following IPA symbols. (10 points)1．[]【答案】voiceless postalveolar fricative2．[j]【答案】palatal approximant3．【答案】glottal plosive4．[w]【答案】bilabial approximant5．[x]【答案】voiceless velar fricative6．[υ]【答案】high back lax rounded vowel7．[æ]【答案】low front lax unrounded vowel8．[p]【答案】voiceless bilabial plosive9．【答案】voiceless aspirated affricate10．[d]【答案】voiced post-alveolar affricateIII. Read each of the following statements carefully and decide whether it is true or false. (10 points)1．Odgen and Richards argue that the relation between a word and a thing it refers to is not direct.【答案】T【解析】本题考查语义三角理论。

目　录2012年南开大学外国语学院255二外德语真题及详解2011年南开大学外国语学院255二外德语真题及详解2010年南开大学外国语学院255二外德语真题及详解2006年南开大学外国语学院255二外德语真题2005年南开大学外国语学院255二外德语真题2004年南开大学外国语学院255二外德语真题2003年南开大学外国语学院255二外德语真题2002年南开大学外国语学院255二外德语真题2001年南开大学外国语学院255二外德语真题2012年南开大学外国语学院255二外德语真题及详解一、词汇结构 (25P)Setzen Sie die passenden Lösungen ein! (25 P)1.Einige Leute ärgerten sich, weil im Bus nicht ______.A. rauchen durftenB. geraucht durfteC. geraucht werden durfteD. geraucht wurde2. ______ beschäftigst du dich denn am liebsten in deiner Freizeit?A. WofürB. WomitC. WoraufD. WobeiC【答案】句意：一些人很生气，因为在公交车上不允许吸烟。

此句为省略主语的被动态。

【解析】B【答案】句意：在空闲的时候你最喜欢做什么？ sich mit…【解析】3. Die Hauptstraße führt mitten ______ das Dorf hindurch.A. überB. nebenC. durchD. für4.Wie ist die richtige Reihenfolge?A. nie, selten, oft, meistens, immerB. selten, oft, nie, meistens, immerC. immer, oft, selten, meistens, nieD. immer, meistens, selten, oft, nie5. Christine ______ dem Rat ihrer klassenlehrerin gefolgt.A. ist beschäftigen 做...事。

2011年南开大学英语专业（语言学）真题试卷(总分：44.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、名词解释(总题数：10，分数：20.00)1.acoustic phonetics（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________2.allophonic variation（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________3.back-formation（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ernment（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________5.anaphor（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________6.cognate（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________7.spoonerism（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________8.conversational maxim（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________9.face validity（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________10.negative transfer（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________二、音标题(总题数：2，分数：4.00)11.Write the phonetic symbol that corresponds to each of the following phonetic descriptions, and then give an English word that contains this sound. phonetic description phonetic symbol English word (1)voiceless bilabial unaspirated stop [ ] (2)palatal glide [ ] (3)high back tense rounded vowel [ ] (4)nasalized low-mid back lax rounded vowel [ ]（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________12.In the African language Manika, the affix, the meaning of which is similar to that of the suffix -ing in English, has two phonetic forms, as shown in the data given below. You are required to(1)give the two phonetic forms of the affix;(2)give the underlying form of the affix;(3)write a formal phonological rule to derive the underlying form of the affix to its phonetic forms, using the words[dumuni]"eating" and[sungoli]"sleeping" to illustrate the process of derivation. bugo hit bugoli hittingdila repair dilali repairingdon come donni comingdumu eat dumuni eatinggwen chase gwenni chasingda lie down dali lying downfamu know famni knowingmen hear menni hearingsungo sleep sungolisleeping（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________三、简答题(总题数：4，分数：8.00)13.What is a "slip of the tongue"? What has research into "slip of the tongue" phenomena revealed about speech production process?（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________14.Please give a brief account of the relevance theory.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________15.In your opinion, in what ways can corpus data contribute to lexical studies?（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________16.Please describe error analysis procedures in second language research.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________四、分析题(总题数：6，分数：12.00)17.Analyze the morphemic structure of the English words gentlemanliness and unlockable, using a labeled tree diagram to illustrate the morphemic structure of the word under analysis. (1)gentlemanliness(2)unlockable（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________18.The English sentences given below are ungrammatical. You are required to give the syntactic explanation to the ungrammatically in each of the sentences. (1)* Jack put his ball.(2)* I wonder Michael walked the dog.(3)* Frank thinks himself is a superstar.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________19.Phrases are considered to be syntactic units, or constituents. The phrases labeled in the sentence given below can be independently verified with the help of some special tests. You are required to use two tests as they apply to XP-level constituents for verification. You may draw a tree diagram for demonstration if you think it is necessary. [The children] NP will[stop[at the corner] PP ] VP if they see us do so.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________20.The English sentence is given below. You are required to(1)give the Deep Structure of the sentence,(2)give all the rules relevant to Interrogative Transformation, and(3)transform the Deep Structure of the sentence into its Surface Structure by applying the rules you have given. Tree diagrams for DS and SS are necessary. What did John eat?（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________21.State about ONE of the two topics given below(minimally 200 words). (1)In English, the plurality of countable nouns can be represented in several forms, or suffixes. The following are examples of some of such forms. Are these suffixes of plurality the allomorphs of one and the same morpheme, or are they different morphemes? State the reasonsfor your answer to the question. Singular Plural Singular Plural dwarf dwarfs[s] stratum strata[ ] dogs dogs[z]thesis theses[i:z] wife wives[z] bureau buraux[z] ox oxen[ n] stimulus stimuli[ai]（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________22.State about any speech production model that you are familiar with. Use an utterance example to illustrate your understanding of the chosen model and explain how it accounts for the exchange error of "This is the happiest life of my day".（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________。

D) wird
31.
Es ist wunderbar, das Singen der Vögelhören.
A) zu
B) an
C) auf
D) für
32.
Das Kind bittet den PolizistenHilfe.
A) um
B) mit
C) auf
D) für
33.
Ich wohne in derder Hochschule.
A) neuer
B) neues
C) neue
D) neu
25.
Österreich ist einLand als Deutschland.
A) kleines
B) kleineres
C) kleiners
D) kleiner
26.
Zürich ist340 000 Einwohnern die größte Stadt der Schweiz.
wir haben gestern einen Ausflug zu einigen berühmten Sehenswürdigkeiten bei Xi’an gemacht und das Grab von Qinshi Huang besichtigt. Hoffentlich war auch das Gespräch mit den Herren der Museumleitung für sie interessant. Heute wollen wir eine Stadtrundfahrt machen.
C) ich
D) mein
29.
Philipp danktmeine Hilfe.
A)michfür

2011年北京第二外国语学院265俄语考研真题及详解I.将括号内的词变成需要的形式。

（10分）1.Вновыхрайонах_____(жить)тысячижителейМосквы.【答案】живут【解析】句意：成千上万的莫斯科人居住在新区。

此处тысячи是复数形式，因此，谓语也用复数形式，故正确答案是живут。

2.Мычасто_____(брать)книгивбиблиотеке.【答案】берём【解析】句意：我们经常在图书馆借书。

此处主语为第一人称复数形式，因此，谓语也用相应的形式，故正确答案是берём。

3.УЗоидве_____(ручка)икарандаш.【答案】ручки【解析】句意：卓娅有两支钢笔、一支铅笔。

две＋名词二格，故正确答案是ручки。

4.Андрей_____(изучать)китайскийязыкужедвагода.【答案】изучает【解析】句意：安德烈学习中文已经两年了。

此处主语为第三人称单数形式，因此，谓语也用相应的形式，故正确答案是изучает。

5.Друзьявсегда_____(помогать)другдругу.【答案】помогают【解析】句意：朋友之间总是会相互帮助。

此处主语为第三人称复数形式，因此，谓语也用相应的形式，故正确答案是помогают。

6.Обычовечероммы_____(гулять)околосвоегодома.【答案】гуляем【解析】句意：晚上，我们通常在家附近散步。

此处主语为第一人称复数形式，因此，谓语也用相应的形式，故正确答案是гуляем。

7.Этистудентыхорошо_____(говорить)по-русски.【答案】говорят【解析】句意：这些学生俄语讲得很好。

此处主语为第三人称复数形式，因此，谓语也用相应的形式，故正确答案是говорят。

8.ВдетствеИгорь_____(полюбить)игратьвшахматы.【答案】полюбил【解析】句意：小时候，伊戈尔喜欢下象棋。

A. la B. le C. les D. lui 【答案】A 【解析】句意：这本杂志很有意思，我晚上读读。lire qch 读某物。
2. Nous allons dire cela, mais où est-elle? A. me B. lui C. la D. le 【答案】B 【解析】句意：我们去把这件事告诉她，但是她在哪儿呢？dire qch à qn 告诉某人某事。
3. Cette bière est très bonne, vous voulez prendre? A. 1e B. la
1 / 17
圣才电子书

C. en
十万种考研考证电子书、题库视频学习平台
D. les
【答案】C
【解析】句意：这啤酒很好喝，你要不要喝点？bière 是不可数名词，要用部分冠词。
7. Je ne sais pas s’est passé dans cette école. A. ce qu’il B. ce que C. ce qui D. ce qu’elle 【答案】C 【解析】句意：我不知道这个学校发生了什么事。此处缺少主语成分，故选 ce qui。
8.
j’ai dit, c’est pour vous.
4 / 17
圣才电子书 十万种考研考证电子书、题库视频学习平台

2. Shanghai est la deuxième grand ville Beijing. 3. Vous pouvez me voir dix minutes. 4. Les Dupont habitent troisième étage. 5. Elle déteste viande, donc elle n’en mange jamais. 6. Il est malade, le médecin lui conseille de ne pas prendre vin. 7. En France, le 14 juiliet, c’est fête nationale. 8. La Normandie est pays d’élevage. 9. La bière et le vin contiennent alcool. 10. Nous préférons manger poisson à midi. 【答案与解析】 1. à (表示时间用介词à。) 2. après (après 在……之后。) 3. dans (dans 在……之后。) 4. au (表示楼层，用介词à。) 5. la (此处表示类别，用定冠词。) 6. de (此处为否定句，用介词 de。) 7. la (此处表示唯一，用定冠词。) 8. un (此处表示泛指，用不定冠词。) 9. l’ (此处表示类别，用定冠词。) 10. du (此处表示泛指，用不定冠词。). ceux

13．南开大学二外德语考研真题及参考答案（2011～2012）南开大学2012年二外德语考研真题一、词汇结构(25P)Setzen Sie die passenden Lösunge n ein! (25 P)1. Einige Leute ärgerten sich, weil im Bus nicht ______.A. rauchen durftenB. geraucht durfteC. geraucht werden durfteD. geraucht wurde2. ______ beschäftigst du dich denn am liebsten in deiner Freizeit?A. WofürB. WomitC. WoraufD. Wobei3. Die Hauptstraße führt mitten ______ das Dorf hindurch.A. überB. nebenC. durchD. für4. Wie ist die richtige Reihenfolge?A. nie, selten, oft, meistens, immerB. selten, oft, nie, meistens, immerC. immer, oft, selten, meistens, nieD. immer, meistens, selten, oft, nie5. Christine ______ dem Rat ihrer klassenlehrerin gefolgt.A. istB. sindC. hatD. haben6. Ich suche eine Wohnung in der Innenstadt. Am liebsten wäre______ eine Altbauwohnung.A. mirB. von mirC. ichD. mich7. Als der Verletzte wieder zu ______ kam, wusste er nicht, was los war.A. ihmB. ihnenC. ihrD. sich8. Heute muss fast jede (r) ______ Sprachkenntnisse haben.A. aktiveB. langweiligeC. interessanteD. private9. Niemand kann dieses Wort ______ aussprechen.A. undeutlichB. ganz fremdC. perfektD. unklar10. ______ mir doch bitte die Zeitung!A. GibstB. GebeC. GebenD. Gib11. Er wusste, dass es verboten war, ______ tat er es.A. obwohlB. trotzdemC. obgleichD. seitdem12. Hast du noch Fieber? ——Ja, aber, ______.A. ich bin schon vielB. ich bin schon gutC. es geht mir schon wesentlich besserD. ich glaube es nicht13. Auf dem Schild des Postamts steht：A. Die Post öffnet um 8 Uhr.B. Die Post schließt um 18 Uhr.C. Die Post ist von 8 bis 18 Uhr geöffnet.D. Die Post ist 8 Stunden geöffnet.14. ______ Sie als Tourist einmal in Beijing sind, müssen Sie die Große Mauerunbedingt mal besuchen.A. AlsB. DamitC. WennD. Indem15. Ludwig und Sonja ______, mehr für die Schul e zu lernen.A. bemühen sichB. werden bemühtC. bemühen ihnenD. bemühen16. Sie sind zu ______, Sie müssen mindestens 20 Pfund abnehmen.A. kurzB. dickC. kleinD. groß17. Die Stadt, ______ ich komme, hat nur 60, 000 Einwohner.A. woB. worausC. wovonD. aus der18. Warum er das kind nicht leiden konnte, ______.A. war nicht zu verstehenB. das konnte nicht verstehenC. hatte nicht zu verstehenD. das ließ nicht verstehen19. ______ A sagt, muss auch B sagen.A. WerB. DerC. WasD. Jemand20. Haben Sie in Stuttgart keine Wohnung? —______, wir haben dort eineWohnung.A. JaB. NeinC. NichtD. Doch21. Hast du ______ Zeit für mich?A. eine wenigeB. ein wenigC. eine wenigD. ein wenige22. Wegen der hohen Lebenskosten in den Grßstädten wollen immer mehr Leute indie Kleinstädte ______.A. ausziehenB. einziehenC. umziehenD. anziehen23. Letzte Nacht ______ ich nicht gut ______, ich ______ fast nicht ______.A. bin…geschlafen, bin…eingeschlafenB. habe…geschlafen, habe…eingeschlafe nC. bin…geschlafen, habe…eingeschlafenD. habe…geschlafen, bin…eingeschlafen24. Die EU (=Die Europäische Union) hat bis jetzt______ Mitgliedsländer.A. 15B. 25C. 27D. 2925. Alle aus dem Ausland ______ Reisenden müssen durch die Zollkontrolle.。