博士研究生入学考试英语考试大纲(可编辑修改word版)

2024年博士研究生入学考试英语考试大纲2024 Doctoral Graduate Entrance Examination English Exam OutlineI. Listening ComprehensionThis section of the exam will test the candidates' ability to understand spoken English in academic and professional settings. Candidates will listen to a series of recordings, including lectures, conversations, and presentations, and answer multiple-choice questions based on the content. The topics will cover a wide range of subjects relevant to doctoral studies, such as research methods, literature reviews, and academic discussions.II. Reading ComprehensionIn this section, candidates will read academic texts, including scholarly articles, research papers, and book excerpts, and answer questions to demonstrate their understanding of the content. The passages will be of varying lengths and complexity, requiring candidates to identify main ideas, supporting details, and logical relationships within the text.III. Writing SkillsCandidates will be required to demonstrate their ability to write coherent and well-structured essays on a variety of topics related to their field of study. This section will test candidates' proficiency in academic writing, including the ability to formulate clear arguments, provide evidence to support their claims, and organize their ideas in a logical manner. Candidates may be asked to analyze a case study, evaluate a research question, or propose a research methodology.IV. Vocabulary and GrammarThis section will assess candidates' knowledge of vocabulary and grammar in academic English. Candidates will be tested on their ability to use complex vocabulary and grammar structures accurately and appropriately in written and spoken English. This section may include exercises on word meaning, word usage, sentence structure, and grammatical rules.V. Speaking SkillsCandidates will be required to engage in conversations and discussions on academic topics with examiners. This section will test candidates' ability to express ideas clearly and coherently, respond to questions, and engage in academic discourse. Candidates will be evaluated on their fluency, pronunciation, vocabulary usage, and grammar accuracy.Overall, the 2024 Doctoral Graduate Entrance Examination English Exam is designed to assess candidates' readiness for doctoral studies by evaluating their listening, reading, writing, speaking, vocabulary, and grammar skills in academic English. Candidates are encouraged to prepare thoroughly for the exam by practicing listening and reading comprehension, academic writing, vocabulary building, and speaking skills in English. Good luck to all the candidates!。

武汉理工大学博士研究生入学考试英语考试大纲考试内容和要求本考试共分五个部分：阅读理解（40 %）、完形填空（10 ％）、英译汉(15 %）、汉译英（10%）、写作（25 %）。

听力和口语可放在复试中进行。

第一部分阅读理解（Part I Reading Comprehension）阅读理解部分主要测试考生在规定的时间内通过阅读获取信息的能力，既要求准确,也要求有一定的速度。

本部分主要测试下述能力：1. 掌握所读材料的中心思想、主要内容和有关细节；2. 对所读材料的内容进行正确的判断和推理；3. 根据上下文的逻辑关系理解某些词和句子的意义;4。

领会作者的观点和判断作者的态度.阅读材料的选择原则：1. 题材广泛，可以包括社会、文化、科普知识、史地、人物传记等。

所涉及的背景知识应能为考生所了解；2. 体裁多样，可包括叙事、议论、描述、说明、应用文等;3.文章应有一定的难度。

共20题，每小题2分，总计40分。

阅读五篇文章，阅读量为2300—2500个单词.每篇文章后有4道选择题，共计20题。

考生应根据文章内容从每题所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案.第二部分完形填空（Part II Cloze）完形填空部分主要测试考生在语篇水平上的理解能力和实际运用语言的能力.测试的形式是在一篇题材熟悉、难度适中的短文（约150-180词）中留出20个空(第一句和最后一句不留空），每个空为一题,要求考生就所给篇章后所给各题的四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的一个最佳答案。

该部分共20小题，每小题0.5分，总计10分。

第三部分英译汉（Part III E-C Translation）英译汉部分主要测试考生在英语语篇水平理解基础之上对某些具体内容的准确理解并译成汉语的能力。

测试的形式是从一篇约400—500词的短文中划出三句或三小段，要求考生译成汉语.测试内容为一般性或科普常识性的短文。

译文须忠实于原文，表达正确，语言流畅。

该部分共3小题，每小题5分,总计15分。

新编研究生英语系列教程博士研究生英语综合教程（第二版/教师用书）北京市研究生英语教学研究会主编陈大明徐汝舟副主编刘宁王焱华许建平编者赵宏凌邹映辉杨凤珍来鲁宁张剑柳君丽曹莉郑辉中国人民大学出版社KEY TO THE EXERCISESUnit One ScienceText 1 Can We Really Understand Matter?I. Vocabulary1. A2. B3. A4. C5. D6. B7. B8. CII. Definition1. A priority2. Momentum3. An implication4. Polarization5. the distance that light travels in a year, about 5.88 trillion miles or 9.46 trillion km.6. a contradictory or absurd statement that expresses a possible truth7. a device that speeds up charged elementary particles or ions to high energiesIII. Mosaic1. The stress: (Omitted)Pronunciation rule: An English word ended with–tion or –sion has its stress on the last syllable but one.2. molecule3. A4. B5. C6. B7. A8. AIV. TranslationA.(Refer to the relevant part of the Chinese translation)B.In September 1995, anti-hydrogen atom—an anti-matter atom—was successfullydeveloped in European Particle Physics Laboratory in Switzerland. After the startling news spread out, scientists in the West who were indulged in the research of anti-matter were greatly excited. While they were attempting to produce and store anti-matter as the energy for spacecraft, they raised a new question: Many of the mysterious nuclear explosions in the recent one hundred years are connected with anti-matter. That is to say, these hard-to-explain explosions are tricks played by anti-mat ter. They are the “destruction”phenomenon caused by the impact between matter and anti-matter.V. GroupingA.Uncertainty:what if, illusory, indescribable, puzzle, speculation, seemingly, in some mysterious wayB.Contrast:more daunting, the hardest of hard sciences, do little to discourage, from afar, close scrutiny, work amazingly wellC. Applications of Quantum mechanics:the momentum of a charging elephant, building improved gyroscopes1. probabilities2. illusory3. discourage4. scrutinyVI. Topics for Discussion and Writing(Omitted)WRITING•STRATEGY•DEFINITIONI. Complete the following definitions with the help of dictionaries.1. To bribe means to influence the behavior or judgment of others (usually in positions ofpower) unfairly or illegally by offering them favors or gifts.2. Gravity is defined as the natural force by which objects are attracted to each other,especially that by which a large mass pulls a smaller one to it.3. The millennium bug refers to the computer glitch that arises from an inability of thesoftware to deal correctly with dates of January 2000 or later.4. Globalization is understood as the development so as to make possible internationalinfluence or operation.II. Write a one-paragraph definition of the following words.1. hypothesisA hypothesis is an idea which is suggested as a possible way of explaining facts,proving an argument, etc. Through experiments, the hypothesis is either accepted as true (possibly with improvements) or cast off.2. scienceScience is defined as the intellectual and practical activity encompassing the systematic study of the structure and behavior of the physical and natural world through observation and experiment.3. superstitionSuperstition refers to a belief which is not based on reason or fact but on old ideas about luck, magic, etc. For example, it is a common superstition that black cats are unlucky.4. pessimismPessimism is a tendency to give more attention to the bad side of a situation or to expect the worst possible result. A person with pessimism is a pessimist who thinks that whatever happens is bad.5. individualismIndividualism is the idea that the rights and freedom of the individual are the most important rights in a society. It has a bad sense in that little attention is paid to the rights of the collective or a good one in that independence is emphasized rather than dependence on others.Text 2 Physics Awaits New Options as Standard Model IdlesI. Vocabulary1. C2. A3. B4. A5. C6. D7. D8. BII. Definition1. A refrain2. A spark3. A jingle4. Symmetry5. develops or studies theories or ideas about a particular subject.6. studies the origin and nature of the universe.7. studies the stars and planets using scientific equipment including telescopes.III. Mosaic1. gravity2. anti-/opposite3. D4. B5. A6. A7. B8.AIV. TranslationA.(Refer to the relevant part of the Chinese translation)B.The Standard Model of particle physics is an unfinished poem. Most of the pieces are there,and even unfinished, it is arguably the most brilliant opus in the literature of physics. With great precision, it describes all known matter – all the subatomic particles such as quarks and leptons –as well as the forces by which those particles interact with one another.These forces are electromagnetism, which describes how charged objects feel each other’s influence: the weak force, which explains how particles can change their identities, and the strong force, which describes how quarks stick together to form protons and other composite particles. But as lovely as the Standard Model’s description is, it is in pieces, and some of those pieces – those that describe gravity – are missing. It is a few shards of beauty that hint at something greater, like a few lines of Sappho on a fragment of papyrus. V. GroupingA.Particle physics:supersymmetry, equation, superpartners, stringB.Strangeness:bizarre, beyond the ken ofC.Antonyms:gravity–antigravity1. novelty2. revelatory3. Symmetry4. gravityVII. Topics for Discussion and Writing(Omitted)WRITING • STRATEGY• EXEMPLIFICATION AN D ILLUSTRATION(Omitted)Text 3 Supporting ScienceI. Vocabulary1. D2. C3. A4. C5. C6. A7. B8. A9. C 10. D 11. B 12. AII. Definition1. A portfolio2. A vista3. Cryptography4. Paleontology5. a business or an undertaking that has recently begun operation6. a group of people having common interests7. a person with senior managerial responsibility in a business organizationIII. Rhetoric1. pouring money into2. column3. unbridled4. twilight5. blossomed intoIV. Mosaic1. phenomenon criterion datum medium(because these words originated from Latin and retain their Latin plural form)2. A3. A4. B5. B6. B7. C8. BV. TranslationA.(Refer to the relevant part of the Chinese translation)B. The five scientists who won the 1996 Nobel Prize point out that the present prosperityand development are based on the fruits of basic scientific research and the negligence of basic scientific research will threaten human development of the 21st century.EU countries noticed that one of their weaknesses is “insufficient investment in research and development.” Korea and Singapore do not hesitate to pour money into research and development. The developed countries in the West have used most of the scientific and technological development resources for the research and development of new and high technology. This has become an obvious trend at present. It is evident from the experiences of various countries that new and high technology can create and form new industries, open up and set up new markets. The innovation of traditional industries with new and high technology is a key method to strengthen the competitive competency of an enterprise.VI. Grouping:A.Negligence of basic research:corporate breakups, cut back on research, ignore it, subject to a protracted dissection and review, second-guessing, dropped dramatically, subjected to a scrutiny, skirling our supportB.Significant examples of basic research:computing, biotechnology, the Internet, number theory, complex analysis, coding theory, cryptography, dinosaur paleontology, genetics research)C.Ways to intensify arguments:moved support for science from a “want to have” squarely into the “need to have”column1. resounding2. second-guessing3. downsized4. subjectedVII. Topics for Discussion and Writing(Omitted)WRITING • STRATEGY • COMPARISON, CONTRAST, AND ANALOGY (Omitted)Text 4 Why Must Scientists Become More Ethically Sensitive Than They Used to Be?I. Vocabulary1. B2. B3. A4. C5. B6. D7. D8. A9. D 10. B 11. B 12. DII. Definition1. A constraint2. Algorithm3. A prerequisite4. Ethics5. an important topic or problem for debate or discussion6. a person’s principles or standards of behaviour; one’s judgement of what is important inlife.7. a formal plan put forward for consideration to carry out a projectIII. Rhetoric1. brushed under the carpet2. smell3. hands and brains4. battle front5. module . . . moduleIV. Mosaic1. /z/ /s/ /s/ /z/ /s//s/ /iz/ /z/ /s/ /z//iz/ /z/ /s/ /z/ /z//z/ /s/ /s/ /z/ /z//s/ after voiceless consonants/z/ after voiced consonants/iz/ after a word ended with –es2. B3. D4. A5. D6. A7. CV. TranslationA.(Refer to the relevant part of the Chinese translation)B. Scientists and medical ethicists advocate the prohibition of human cloning as a way toproduce life. They all agree that human cloning exerts severe threats on human dignity.Social critics point out that cloned children will lack personality and noumenon. G. Annas, professor of health laws in Boston university, points out that “human cloning should be banned because it may fundamentally alter the definition of ourselves.”VI. Grouping:A.The change of attitudes towards ethical consideration:occupy media slots and Sunday supplements, latest battle front, can no longer be swept aside, more sensitiveB.Academic science:a worldwide institutional web, peer review, respect for priority of discovery,comprehensive citation of the literature, meritocratic preferment, smuggle ethical considerations from private life, from politics, from religion, from sheer humanitariansympathyC.Industrial science:intimately involved in the business of daily lifeD.Post-academic science:a succession of “projects”, compound moral risks with financial risks, largely the work ofteams of scientists1. individualistic2. energized3. comprehensive4. heterogeneousVII. Topics for Discussion and Writing(Omitted)WRITING • STRATEGY • CAUSE AND EFFECT(Omitted)Text 5 Beauty, Charm, and Strangeness: Science as MetaphorI. Vocabulary1. B2. A3. C4. B5. C6. B7. A8. B9. A 10. CII. Rhetoric1. pitch2. landscape3. unblinking4. yawn5. wringsIII. Mosaic1.physical poetic political scientific optical atomic2. (Omitted)3. B4. B5. A6. C7. DIV. TranslationA.(Refer to the relevant part of the Chinese translation)B. There are only two forms of human spiritual creation: science and poetry. The formergives us convenience; and the latter gives us comfort. In more common words, the former enables us to have food to eat when we are hungry; and the latter makes us aware that eating is something more than eating, and it is very interesting as well. To have science without poetry, atomic bomb will be detonated; to have poetry without science, poets will starve to death.Scientists should not despise poets; and poets should not remain isolated from scientists.If the two fields conflict each other, human beings would be on the way to doom. In fact, the greatest scientists like Newton, Einstein and Mrs. Currie were all endowed with poetic spirit.I assert that in observing the apple falling to the ground, Newton not only discovered thegravity of the earth, he also wrote a beautiful poem.V. GroupingA.Human reason:guilty of hubris, cramped imagination, commonsense logic, an ignorant manB.Differences between art and science:different in their methods and in their ends, a scientific hypothesis can be proven, new combinations of old materials, transform the ordinary into extraordinary, a practical extension into technology, the sense of an endingC.Similarities between art and science:in their origin, quest to reveal the world1. indistinguishable2. transform3. poetic4. extension5. subdueVI. Topics for Discussion and Writing(Omitted)WRITING • STRATEGY • DIVISION AND CLASSIFICATIONI. Organize the following words into groups.People: physician; driver; boxer; mother; teacherSchools: school; college; institute; kindergarten; universityColors: brown; purple; violet; black; yellowPrepositions: along; toward; upon; without; intoVerbs:listen; read; write; hear; lookII. Complete the following lists.1. College students can be classified according to:A.academic achievementB.attitude toward politics, friendship, etc.C.sexD.heightE.place of originF.value of lifeG.major2. Transportation means can be classified according to:A.speedB.sizeeD.fuelfortF.historyG.water, land, or airIII. Write a paragraph of classification on the books which you like to read.(Omitted)Text 6 Is Science Evil?I. Vocabulary1. C2. A3. D4. B5. B6.A7. C8. C9. D 10. AII. Definition1. Canon2. Validity3. A premise4. Disillusionment5. the process of establishing the truth, accuracy, or correctness of something6. a mode of thinking based on guessing rather than on knowledgeIII. Mosaic1. 1) / / illusion dis-=not -ment=noun ending2) / / science pseudo-=false3) / / conscious -ness=noun ending4) / / question -able=adjective ending5) / / extenuate -ation=noun ending6) / / indict -ment=noun ending7) / / rebut -al=noun ending8) / / perpetrate -ion=noun ending9) / / problem -ic=adjective ending10) / / dissolute -ion=noun ending2. Para. 13: Only when scientific criticism is crippled by making particulars absolute can aclosed view of the world pretend to scientific validity –and then it is a falsevalidity.Para.14: Out of dissatisfaction with all the separate bits of knowledge is born the desire to unite all knowledge.Para. 15: Only superficially do the modern and the ancient atomic theories seem to fit into the same theoretical mold.1) Para. 13: Only + adverbial clause of time + inverted orderPara. 14: Prepositional phrase + inverted orderPara. 15: Only + adverb + inverted order2) Inverted order is used to emphasize.3. C4. B5. A6. CIV. TranslationA.(Refer to the relevant part of the Chinese translation)B. At present there exist two conflicting tendencies towards the development of science andtechnology. The opponents of science hold that the development of modern science has not brought blessings to human beings, instead it has brought human beings to the very edge of disaster and peril. On the other hand, the proponents of scientific and technological progress maintains that the crises facing human beings today—such as environmental pollution, ecological unbalance, natural resource exhaustion—are the natural consequences of the development of science, and the solution to which lies in the further development of science. Both of the above tendencies are reasonable in a sense with their respective one-sided view. If we view the development of modern science and technology from the point of view of our times and with dialectic viewpoints, we can find out that the problem facing modern science and technology is not how to understand the progress of modern science and technology, but how to find out the theoretical basis for the further development of science and technology in order to meet the needs of the times.V. GroupingA.Attitudes toward science:expect to be helped by science and only by science, the superstition of science, the hatred of science, the one great landmark on the road to truthB.Characteristics of science:powerful authority, solve all problems, thoroughly universalC.Scientific knowledge:a concrete totality, cannot supply us with the aims of life, cannot lead usD.Contrast between ancient and modern science:progress into the infinite, making particulars absolute, not as an end in itself but as a tool of inquiry1. corruption2. totality3. inquiry4. superstition5. landmarkVI. Topics for Discussion and Writing(Omitted)WRITING • STRATEGY • GENERALIZATION AND SPECIFICATIONWRITING • STRATEGY • COMBINATION OF WRITING STRATEGIES (Omitted)Unit Two EngineeringText 7 Engineers’ Dream of Practical Star FlightI. Vocabulary1. D2. C3. B4. D5. A6. C7.CII. Definition1. Annihilation2. A skeptic3. A cosmic ray4. Anti-matter5. A workshop6. the curved path in space that is followed by an object going around another larger object7. any one of the systems of millions or billions of stars, together with gas and dust, heldtogether by gravitational attractionIII. Mosaic1. 闭音节, 字母u 发/ / 的音，如A, C and D.2. (Omitted)3. (Omitted)4. C5. C6. B7. A8. BIV. TranslationA.(Refer to the relevant part of the Chinese translation)B. Human beings have long been attempting sending unmanned devices, called interstellarprobes, into the outer space to understand the changes of climates, geological structures and the living beings on the stars and planets out there. A probe is usually sent into the orbit of the earth by “riding” a spacecraft or carrier rockets. After its orbital adjustments are made, the rocket engine is ignited and the probe continues its journey to the orbit of the other star or planet. With the rocket engine broken off, the probe immediately spreads its solar-cell sails and antenna, controlling its posture with sensors. When convinced that it is in the orbit of the targeted star, the probe starts its propeller and flies to the preset destination.V. GroupingA.Astronomical phenomena:interstellar medium, a wind of particles, galaxy, reserves of comets, the Kuiper Belt,orbit, Pluto, the Oort Cloud, the bombardment photonB.Space equipment:interstellar probe, gravitational lens, chemical rocket, thruster, reflective sailC.To explore the universe:scoop, bend, sampleD.Challenges and solutions in interstellar flights:carry its own supply of propellant, matter-antimatter, nuclear power1. gravitational2. propulsion3. probed4. interstellarVI. Topics for Discussion and Writing(Omitted)WRITING • RHETORIC • SIMILE AND METAPHORI. Complete the following similes with the words given, using one word once only.1. as drunk as a ___ bear 11. as cool as ___ cucumber______2. as faithful as a ___ dog_____ 12. as white as ____ snow ________3. as greedy as ____Jew_____ 13. as cunning as a ____ fox__________4. as rich as _____ king_____ 14. to fight like a ____ _lion_________5. as naked as a ___ frog_____ 15. to act like a stupid __ ass_________6. as red as a _ _lobster_ 16. to spend money like __ water_______7. as beautiful as a _ butterfly__ 17. to eat like a _ wolf________8. as busy as a ____ bee______ 18. to sleep like a _____ log ______9. as firm as a ____ rock _____ 19. to swim like a ____ fish________10. as rigid as a ___stone____ 20. to tremble like a _____ _ leaf_________II. Explain the following metaphors.1. Creaking doors hang the longest.creaking door: anything or anybody in a bad condition2. I could hardly put up with his acid comment.acid comment: bitter remark.3. Her eyes were blazing as she stormed at me.blazing: filled with angerstormed: shouted; screamed4. She burnt with love, as straw with fire flames.burnt with love: extremely excited with love5. The talk about raising taxes was a red flag to many voters.a red flag: a danger signal (that might stop the support of many voters)6. The charcoal fire glowed and dimmed rhythmically to the strokes of bellows.glowed and dimmed: became bright and gloomy7. The city is a jungle where nobody is safe after the dark.a jungle: a disorderly place8. To me he is power—he is the primitive, the wild wolf, the striking rattlesnake, thestinging centipede.the primitive, the wild wolf, the striking rattlesnake, and the stinging centipede: the most terrifying creatureText 8 Blinded By The LightI. Vocabulary1. A2. C3. A4. C5. D6. A7. BII. Rhetoric1. riveted2. pack3. pours4. creepsIII. Mosaic1. 开音节发字母读音, 如A, B and C.2. (Omitted)3. (Omitted)4. C5. D6. D7. C8. AIV. TranslationA.(Refer to the relevant part of the Chinese translation)B. The energy released from nuclear fusion is much more than that from nuclear fission, andthe radioactivity given out from fusion is only one hundredth of that from fission. The major fuel used for nuclear fusion is hydrogen and its isotopes, deuterium and tritium, among which deuterium could be directly extracted from sea water. The energy of deuterium contained in one liter of sea water is equal to 300 liters of petroleum. In the ocean there are about 35,000 billion tons of deuterium, which could be used for more than one billion years. Compared to the fission energy, the fusion energy on the earth is nearly limitless.V. GroupingA. Nuclear-fusion:the doughnut-shaped hollow, reactor, the Tokamak Fusion reactor, fusion, generate, consumeB. Verbs related to nuclear-fusion reaction:ignite, release, stickC. Excitement and cool-down:not a few tears, The experiment is an important milestone, but fusion power is still along way . . . , But no one knows for sure whether…, Even then it will take decades of engineering before…1. nuclear fusion2. repel3. blastVI. Topics for Discussion and Writing(Omitted)W RITING • R HETORIC • METONYMY AND SYNECDOCHEI. Study the uses of metonymy in the following sentences and then put them into Chinese.1.The election benched him in the district court.他在这次竞选中当上了地区法官。

2024年英语一考研大纲
2024年英语一考研大纲是为了选拔具备良好英语综合能力的考生，以进入
研究生阶段学习深造而制定的。

本次考试涉及英语听力、阅读、翻译和写作四个方面的能力测试，以全面评估考生的英语水平。

具体考试要求如下：
1. 听力测试要求：考生需具备较好的听力理解能力，能听懂日常生活中的英语对话和讲座；能理解英语新闻、广播等实际应用场景中的语言表达。

2. 阅读理解要求：考生需能够理解各类英语文章，包括研究论文、新闻报道、广告等，并能够通过分析、判断、推理等手段获取文章中的信息。

3. 翻译要求：考生需能够将英语资料准确翻译成中文，并能够将中文资料翻译成英文，同时要求译文的流畅性和准确性。

4. 写作要求：考生需能够用英语撰写各类文章，包括议论文、说明文、应用文等，并要求文章的结构清晰、语言流畅、逻辑严密。

总的来说，2024年英语一考研大纲旨在全面考察考生的英语水平，要求考
生具备扎实的英语基础和良好的语言运用能力。

大连交通大学博士生入学英语考试大纲第一部分笔试一、试卷结构2015年英语入学考试笔试由四部分组成：英语应用(完型填空15%)、阅读理解(40%)、翻译（30%）、写作（15%）；共100分。

二、考试要求1、英语应用完型填空主要测试考生的英语综合应用能力，包括在上下文中掌握和应用词汇、短语和语法知识等。

共30题；占15%。

2、阅读理解阅读理解部分阅读总量约1800词(不包括题目及选项)；共30题；主要测试考生宗旨概括、结论推导、观点态度判断、上下文推测等能力。

每篇文章后设有选题，每题设4个选项。

要求考生在阅读文章后，根据内容，按题目要求从4个选择项中选出一个最佳答案。

3、翻译翻译分2部分（Section A, Section B）；A部分为英译汉，占15%)；B部分为汉译英，占15%。

A.英译汉主要测试考生对英语原文理解的准确性。

要求考生把一篇英语文章（300—400词）译成汉语。

要求：译文忠实原文，译文基本通顺。

B.汉译英主要测试考生把汉语译成英语的基本能力，包括英语的用词、句子模式、表达、衔接形式以及汉英两种语言应用能力。

要求考生把一篇300—400汉字的短文译成英语。

译文要求：译文基本准确，意义表达基本连贯；句子无重大语法和拼写错误。

4、写作按具体要求在40分钟内写出180--200字的议论文、说明文或书信等（如命题作文、英汉语简要提纲、图表资料等），要求所写作文必须扣题、结构清晰、文理通顺、无重大语法和拼写错误。

三、考试时间考试时间为180分钟。

附表：考试各个部分的题目数、计分和考试时间列表第二部分口试1、口试部分包括听力测试。

要求考生听一段英语录音，短文或对话，之后用英语复述所听的内容。

2、口语考试：要求考生抽签选题。

根据所选的口语试题进行陈述和问答。

3、口试时间：复式时确定。

7\Part IV (15%)Directions: Translate the following sentences into Chinese.1. He did not want to hurt her, but an itch to dominate pushed him on to say…2.In a dangerous and uncertain world, the strengthening of national defense is the best guaranteeof a nation’s vital interests.3.The ancient waters that brought soil to theses mountain valleys had no way of reaching the sea,so they spread out in shallow lakes.4.While there are literally thousands of stocks, the ones bought and sold most actively areusually listed on the New York Stock Exchange.5.Spanish missionaries who brought their knowledge and their seedlings here from their nativecountry were the first to grow vines here.6.“You’ve got to be careful of these Eastern lawyers. If you are not careful, they’ll take you andturn you inside out.”ura wished that she was not holding that piece of bread-and-butter, but there was nowhereto put it and she couldn’t possibly throw it away.8.The . Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) was established to control and abate pollutionin the basic areas of air, water, solid waste, pesticides, noise, and radiation.9.When one individual inflicts bodily injury upon another, such injury that death results, we callthe deed man-slaughter; when the assailant knew in advance that the injury would be fatal, we call his deed murder.ernment provides tax write-offs for corporate philanthropy out of the belief that manycenters of support for socially needed programs help contribute to a dynamic solution to the human problems of society.1. 他不想伤她的感情，但是憋不住的支配欲促使他说……2. 在危机四伏、动荡不安的世界里，巩固国防是一个国家的根本利益的最好保证。

*****大学博士研究生入学考试英语考试大纲（总则）本大纲的各项规定作为**大学博士研究生入学考试英语（第一外语）考试考题编写参考以及质量检查的依据。

一、考试对象报考**大学相关专业拟攻读博士学位，并把英语作为第一外语的考生。

二、考试目的博士研究生入学英语考试是为了考察考生的英语应用能力是否达到非英语专业研究生英语教学大纲中《硕士研究生英语教学与考试》规定的要求。

考试成绩用于博士研究生的入学选拔。

三、考试类型、考试内容及考试结构本考试共分三个部分：阅读理解（40%）、英汉互译（20％），英语写作（40％）。

一、阅读理解（40%）本部分测试考生是否具备博士研究生英语学习要求的词汇量，以及在规定时间内通过阅读获取信息的能力，即对阅读材料的细节、事实、要点、作者观点和态度的理解，并进行相关的判断和推理能力。

文章题材包括社会、文化、史地、科普及人物传记等内容，体裁涉及叙事、议论、描述、说明和应用文等。

阅读理解共有4篇文章，包括4篇400词至700词左右的英文短文。

每篇文章后面附5个问题，每个问题设四个备选答案。

要求考生根据文章内容每题选出一个最佳选项。

二、英汉互译（10%＋10%）本部分测试考生在语篇层次上的理解能力以及对词汇表达方式和结构掌握的程度，考察考生是否能正确理解原文的意思，并从语篇的角度出发，用准确、达意的词语进行语言转换。

翻译分为A，B两部分。

A部分考试形式为英译汉，要求考生阅读一篇400词左右的英语短文，并将文章中的5个句子翻译成汉语。

B部分考试形式为汉译英，要求考生将一段150字左右的中文短文翻译成英语。

两部分原文内容涉及社会、文化、史地和科普等相关领域知识。

三、英语写作（15%＋25%）本部分测试考生用英语表达思想或传递信息的能力及英语写作基础知识的实际运用能力。

英语写作分为“写作一”和“写作二”两部分。

“写作一”为应用文写作，要求考生根据题目要求用英语完成文章摘要、图表描述、数据分析、学术信函等有关内容的写作，字数为150词左右。

博士研究生入学考试英语试题Part L Listening Comprehension ( 25％)Section A: Spot DictationDirections: In this section, you are going to hear a passage. The passage will he read only once. As you listen to the passage, fill in the blanks with the words you hear. After the passage, there will be a 3-minute pause. During the pause, you must write the words on the Answer Sheet.A recent university research project investigated the attitudes of postgraduate science students (1)____the learning of English vocabulary. The results were urprising. I'll (2) ____three of them.firstly, most of the stcrdeaats think that (3) ____every word ill English has just one meaning. This is, of course:, completely (4) ____to the facts. A glance at any English dictionary will show this. The student will (5) ____find seven or eight meanings listed for (6) ____simple' words.Why, then, have these students made such a mistake:' One reason irnay be that they're .ill (7) ____. students. Scientists try to use words ill their special subject which have one meaning, and one meaning only. Another reason., of course,could be the way in Which these Student, Were They may have used vocabulary lists when they first learner English. (M one side of the page is the word in Iaaglish-, on the other sloe, a single \ti'ord in the (Q) native language.'l°he second attitude that (10) ____from the findings isequally mistaken. (11) ____all the students think that every word in English has an exact (12)____equivalent. Again, this is far from the trijth. Sometimes one word in Iinglish can only be translated by a (13) ____in the student's native languial c. "there are other (l4) ____ill translation which we won't mention here. (:ertainly the idea of a one word for one word translation (15) ____is completely false. Translation machines, which tried to work on this (16) ____failed completely.The third result'of the investigation showed another (17) ____in the students' thinking. They believe that as soon as they know the meaning of a word, they're in a (18) ____to use it correctly. This is untrue for any language but is perhaps particularly (19) ____for English. The student has to learn when to use a word as well as to know what it means. Some words in English mean almost the same but they can only be used in certain situations.What, then, is the best way to increase one's vocabulary? This can be answered in threewords-observation, (20) ____and repetition.Section B: Multiple ChoiceDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage. At the end of the passage, you will hear S questions. The passage and the question will be read only once. After each question, there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D and decide which is the best answer. Then write your choice on the Answer Slicet.21. A) It had no efFect on living cells. 13) It had effects on living cells. C) It had effects only on children.I)) It had effects only on adults.22. A) An increasing number of cancers in children.I3) A link between an electric current and the energy fold.C) A causal link between the power-line or device and the energy field.1)) A Small increased chance ofcancer in children living near electric power-line.23. A) 446. 13) 464. C ) 223. 1))234.24. A) Because he doesn't have enough evidence.R) Because other scientists have not studied his results yet. C.) Because he discovered nodirect link between disease and electricity.D) Because the link between cancer and electricity has not yet beenproved.25. A) Health and environment.B) Electric current and the energy field. C) Electricity and cancer.D) Electrical workers and cancer.Section C: Question and AnswerDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage. The passage will be read only once. Then try to answer the following questions according to what you have heard. Remember you should write your answer on the Answer Sheet.26. Why aren't most new doctors interested in beginning work in a small town?27. Why do many small town doctors work long hours? 28. What is the growing problem in theUnited States? 29. How many new doctors did the National Health Service Corps produce in 1979?30. Whom did a hospital in Parkersprary offer a reward o€ 5,000 dollar to?Part 11[. Vocabulary (20%),Directions: In each question, decide which of the four choices given will most suitably complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked. Write your answer on the Answer Sheet.31. To qualify for such a position, the native would first have to receive specialized training, and thisis____A) refused B) discouragedC) denied D) forbidden32. The little girl wore a very thin coat. A sudden gust of cold wind made her____A) whirl B) shiftC) shiver D) shake33. Presently, there are nine teachers in my team, who have____the task of teaching advanced English tomore than 500 non-English majors.A) inclined B) hesitatedC) afforded D) undertaken34. The press demands that politicians____the sources of their income.A) betray B) concealC) disclose D) renew35. Having gone through all kinds of hardships in life, he became a m with a strong____A) philosophy B) idealismC) morality D) personality36. One new____to learning a foreign language is to study the language in its cultural context.A) approach B) solutionC) manner D) road37. To maintain public____is not only the policemen's duty but f every citizen's responsibility.A) custom B) confidenceC) security D) simplicity38. All was dark in the district except for a candle____through th curtains in one of houses.A) glimmering B)glitteringC) flaming D) blazing39. One of the stands____and dozens of people were either killer or injured.A) destroyed B) collapsedC) corroded D) ruined40. "Me, afraid of him?" he said with a(n) ____smile, "Not me!"A) contemptible B) amusingC) contagious D) contemptuous41. He will simply no listen to anybody; he is____to argument.A) impervious B) imperceptibleC) impassable D) blunt42. Stop asking all these personal questions! It is bad manners to beA) inquisitive B) impatientC) acquisitive D) informative43. He____between life and death for a few days but then he pul:A) hovered B) lurchedC) wavered D) fluctuated44. We are prepared to satisfy all your____claimA} legitimate B) legibleC) intimate D) legislative45. There is not a Greek word which is the exact____of the English word ' stile'.A) equivalent B) copyC) counterpart D) meaning46. The prizes will be____at the end of the school year.A) distributed B) attributedC) granted D) contributed47. During our stay in Paris we were splendidly____by the Italian Ambassador.A) sustained B) maintainedC) retained D) entertained48. On leaving, we thanked him most warmly for the hospitality____to us and our friends.A) extended B) expandedC) expended D) awarded49. If the dispute is not settled in a(n) ____ way soon, the two countries will certainly go to war.A) amiable B) amicableC) inimical D) unfriendly50, If I may be so____as to advise you, my opinion is that you should not reply to his letter.A) generous B) humbleC) proud D) bold51. If you take a(n) ____course like her you can learn English in less than two years.A) intensive B) extensiveC) expansive D) retentive52. After a year's hard work I think I am____to a long holiday. 10,A) entailed B) deservedC) entitled D) satisfied53. Thousands of people____from Greece every year to work in West Germany.A) emigrate B) leaveC) abandon D) immigrate54, lie was a member of the Hillary____that conquered MountEverest.A) mission B) invasionC) experiment D) expedition55. It was my sad duty to____the news of John's death to his family.A) submit B) breakC) say D) proclaim56. He____himself as a war correspondent in Vietnam.A) discerned B) distinguishedC) discriminated D) extinguished57. She____his invitation to dinner as she was on a diet.A) inclined B) declinedC) denied D) disinclined58. He was____with attempted robbery and held in custody..A) accused B) prosecutedC) charged D) arrested59. What the witness said in court was not____with the statement he made to the police.A) prevalent B) relevantC) consistent D) coincident60. Molly has always beep a(n) ____child; she becomes ill easily.A) delicate B) gloomyC) energetic D) confident61. There are some very beautifully____glass windows in the church.A) designed B) drawnC) marked D) stained62. The man who never tries anything new is a(n) ____on the wheels of progress.A) obstacle B) brakeC) break D) block63. There is a sale at Hamfridge's next week with____in all departments.A) decreases B) subtractionsC) reductions D) accounts64. Doctors have long known that if a patient is____that he will recover and is treated with sympathy, his painwill often disappear.A) assumed B) assuredC) informed D) proved65: Although most birds have only a____sense of smell, they have acute vision.A} genuine.B) negativeC) negligible D) condensed66. We are sorry to say that Mary is not the very person who can be____with either money or secret information.A）entrusted B) committedC)consigned D) assigned67. If you never review your lessons, you will only have yourself to____if you fail in your examination.A) complain B) blameC) mistake D) fault68. We were four scores left behind with five minutes to go, so the game looked completely____A) irresistible B) irremissibleC} irreplaceable D) irretrievable69. Had the explosion broken out, the passagers in the plane should have been killed, for it was____timedwith the plane's take-off.A) spontaneously B) instantaneouslyC} simultaneously D) conscientiously70. The two witnesses who saw the shootings were able to____who hard fired first.A) encounter B) highlightC} testify D) identifyPart III. Reading Comprehension (50 minutes, 30 points)Directions: There are 6 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and write your answer on the Answer Sheet.One day in 1963, a dolphin named Elvar and a famous astronomer, Carl Sagan, were playing a little game. The astronomer was visiting an institute which was looking into the way dolphins communicate witheach other. He was standing a t the edge of one of the tanks where several of these highly intelligent, friendly creatures were kept. Elvar had just swum up alongside hiui,and had turned on his back. He wanted Sagan to scratch his stomach again, as the astronomer had done twice before. But this time Elvar was too deep in the water for Sagan to reach him. Elvar looked up at Sagan, waiting. Then, after a minute or so, the dolphin leapt up through the water into the air and made a sound just like the word `More?'The astonished astronomer went -to the director of the institute and told him about the incident.`Oh, yes: That's one of the words he knows,' the director said, showing no surprise at all.Dolphins have bigger brains in proportion to their body size than humans have, andit has been known for a long time that they can make a number o€ sounds. What is more, these sounds seem to have different functions, such as warning each other of danger. Sound travels much faster ,and much further in water than it does in air. That is why the parts of the brain that deal with sound are much better developed in dolphins than in humans. But can it be said that dolphins have a `language' in the real sense of the word? Scientists don't agree on this.A language is not just a collection of sounds, or even words. A language has a structure, or what we call a grammar. The grammar of a language helps to give it meaning. For example, the two questions `Who loves Mary?' and `Who does Mary love?' mean different things. If you stop to think about it, you will see that this difference doesn't come from the words in the question but from the difference in structure. That is why the question `Can dolphins speak?' can't be answered until we find out if dolphins not only make sounds but also arrange them in ways which affect their meaning.71. The dolphin leapt into the air becauseA) Sagan had turned his backB) it was part of the game they were playingC) he wanted Sagan to scratch him againD) Sagan wanted him to do this72. When Sagan told the director about what the dolphin had done, the directorA) didn't seem to think it was unusualB) thought Sagan was jokingC) told Sagan about other words the dolphin knewD) asked him if he knew other words73. Dolphins' brains are particularly well-developed toA) help them to travel fast in waterB) arrange sounds in different structuresC) respond to different kinds of soundD) communicate with humans through sound74. The sounds we call words can be called a language only ifA) each sound has a different meaningB) each sound is different from the otherC) there is a system of writingD) they have a structure or grammar（2）Married people live "happily ever after" in fairy tales, but they do so less and less often in real life. 1, like many of my friends, got married, divorced, and remarried. I suppose, to some people, I'm a failure. After all, I broke my first solemn promise to "love and cherish until death us do part." But I feel that I'm finally a success. I learned from the mistakes I made in my first marriage. This time around, the ways my husband and I share our free time, make decisions, and deal with problems are very different.I learned, first of all, not to be a clinging vine (依赖男子的妇女) . In my first marriage, I felt the every moment we spent apart was wasted. If Ray wanted to go out to a bar with his friends to watch a football game, I felt rejected and talked him into staying home. I wouldn't accept an offer to go to a movie or join an exercise class it' it meant that Ray would be home alone. I realize now that we were often angry with each other just because we spent too much time together. In contrast, my second husband and I spend some of our tree time apart and try to have interests of our own. I have started playing racquetball at a health club, and Davidsometimes takes off to go to the local auto races with his friends. When we are together, we aren't bored with each other; our separate interests make us more interesting people.I learned not only to be apart sometimes but also to work together when it's time to make decisions. When Ray and I were married, I left all the important decisions to him. He decided how we would spend money, whether we should sell the car or fix it, and where to take a vacation. I know now that I went along with this so that I wouldn't have to take the responsibility when things went wrong. I could always end an argument by saying, "It was your fault!" With my second marriage, I am trying to be a full partner. We ask each other's opinions on major decisions and try to compromise if we disagree. If we make the wrong choice, we're equally guilty. When we rented an apartment, for example, we both had to take the blame for not noticing the drafty windows and the "no pets" clause in our lease.Maybe the most important thing I've learned is to be a grown-up about facing problems. David and i have made a vow to face our troubles like adults. If we're mad at each other or worried and upset, we say how we feel. Rather than hide behind our own misery, we talk about the problem until we discover how to fix it. Everybody argues or has to deal with the occasional crisis, but Ray and I always reacted like children to these stormy times. I would lock myself in the spare bedroom. Ray would stalk out of the house, slam the door, and race off in the car. Then I would cry and worry till he returned.I wish that my first marriage hadn't been the place where I learned how to make a relationship work, but at least I did learn. 1 feel better now about being an independent person, about making decisions, and about facing problems. My second marriage isn't perfect, but it doesn't have the deep flaws that made the first one fall apart.75. Which of the following has contributed to the writer's divorce?A) Her former husband went out to watch football games.B) She started to play racquetball at a health club.C) They spent too much time together and got bored with each other.D) They spent so little time together that they could not talk to each other.76. It can be learned from the passage that the writer, in her first marriage,A) took less responsibility than she should for major decisionB) tool: the same responsibility as her husbandC) took more blame when things went wrongD) felt equally guilty when things went wrong77. Which of the following that the author should have said when she quarrelled with her former husband but she did not.A) "It was your fault!"B) "Maybe you're right."C) "It's none of your business."D) "It's none of my business."78. All the problems between the writer and David can be resolved becauseA) they hide their feelingsB) they lock themselves in their bedroomC) they have promised not to be mad at each otherD) they dare to face them79, The writer's second marriage is different from the first one in all the following ways except A) that they share their free timeB) that they make their decisions togetherC) that they talk to each otherD) that they deal with their troubles together80. The best title for the passage isA) First MarriageB) Second MarriageC) DivorceD) Perfect Marriage（3）Classified Advertising is that advertising which is grouped in certain sections of the paper and is thus distinguished from display advertising. Such groupings as "Help Wanted", "Real Estate," "Lost and Found" are made, the rate charged being less than that for display advertising. Classified advertisements are a convenience to the reader and a saving to the advertiser. The reader who, is interested in a particular kind of advertisement finds all advertisements of that type grouped for him. The advertiser may, on this account, use a very small advertisement that would be lost if it were placed among larger advertisements in the paper.It is evident that the reader approaches the classified advertisement in a different frame of mind from that in which he approaches the other advertisements in the paper. He turns to a page of classified advertisements to search for the particular advertisement that will meet his needs. As his attention is voluntary, the advertiser does not need to rely to much extent on display type to get the reader's attention.Formerly all classified advertisements were of the same size and did not have display type. With the increase in the number of such advertisements, however, each advertiser within a certain group is vying with others in the same group for the reader's attention. In many cases the result has been an increase in the size of the space used and the addition of headlines and pictures. In that way the classified advertisement has in reality become a display advertisement. This is particularly true of realestate advertising.81. Classified advertising is different to display advertising becauseA) all advertisements of a certain type are grouped togetherB) it is more distinguishedC) it is more expensiveD) nowadays the classified advertisements are all of the same size82. One of the examples given of types of classified advertisement isA) house for saleB) people who are asking for helpC) people who are lostD) real antiques for sale83. What sort of attitude do people have when they look at classified advertisements, according to thewriter?A) They are in the frame of mind to buy anything.B) They are looking for something they need.C) They feel lost because there are so many advertisements.D) They feel the same as when they look at display advertisements.84. What does the writer say about the classified advertisements that used to be put in the papers?A) They used to be voluntary.B) They used to use display type.C) They were all the same size.D) They were more formal.85. Why have classified advertisements changed in appearance, according to the writer?A) Because people no longer want headlines and pictures.B) Because real estate advertising is particularly truthful now.C）Because the increase in the number of such advertisements means they have to be smaller now.D) Because there are more advertisements now and more competition amongst advertisers. .（4）Mr Abu, the laboratory attendant, came in from the adjoining store and briskly cleaned the blackboard. He was a retired African sergeant from the Army Medical Corps and was feared by the boys. If he caught any of them in any petty thieving, he offered them the choice of a hard smack on the bottom or of being reported to the science masters. Most boys chose the former as they knew the matter would end there with no long interviews, moral arguments and an entry in the conduct book.The science master, a man called Vernier, stepped in and stood on his small platform. Vernier set the experiments for the day and demonstrated them, then retired behind the "Church Times" which he read seriously in between walking quickly along the rows of laboratory benches, advising boys. It was a simple heat experiment to show that a dark surface gave out more heat by radiation than a bright surface.During the class, Vernier was called away to the telephone and Abu was not about, having retired to the lavatory for a smoke. As soon as a posted guard announced that he was out of sight, minor pandemonium ('N k) broke out. Some of the boys raided the store. The wealthier ones took rubber tubing to make catapults and to repair bicycles, and helped themselves to chemicals for developing photographic films. The poorer boys, with a more determined aim, took only things of strict commercial interst which could be sold easily in the market. They emptied stuff into bottles in their pockets. Soda for making soap, magnesium sulphate for opening medicine, salt for cooking, liquid paraffin for women's hairdressing, and fine yellow iodoform powder much in demand for sprinkling on sores. Kojo objected mildly to all this. "Oh, shut up!" a few boys said. Sorie, a huge boy who always wore a fez indoors, commanded respect and some leadership in the class. He was gently drinking his favourite mixture of diluted alcohol and bicarbonate----which he called "gin and fizz"----from a beaker. "Look here, Kojo, you are getting out of hand. What do you think our parents pay taxes and school fees for? For us to enjoy----or to buy a new car every year for Simpson? " The other boys laughed. Simpson was the European headmaster, feared by the small boys, adored by the boys in the middle school, and liked, in a critical fashion, with reservations, by some of the senior boys and African masters. He had a passion for new motor-cars, buying one yearly."Come to think of it," Sorie continued to Kojo, "you must take something yourself, then we'll know we are safe," "Yes, you must," the other boys insisted. Kojo gave in and, unwillingly, took a little nitrate for some gunpowder experiments which he was carrying out at home. "Someone!" the look-out called.The boys ran back to their seats in a moment. Sorie washed out his mouth, at the sink with some water.Mr Abu, the laboratory attendant, entered and observed the innocent expression on the faces of thewhole class. He looked round fiercely and suspiciously, and then sniffed the air. It was a physicsexperiment, but the place smelled chemical. However, Vemier came in then. After asking if anyonewas in difficulties, and finding that no one could in a moment think up anything, he retired to hischair and settled down to an article on Christian reunion.86, The boys were afraid of Mr Abu becauseA) he had been an Army sergeant and had military ideas of disciplineB) he reported them to the Science masters whenever he caught them petty thievingC) he was cruelD) he believed in strict discipline87. When the boys were caught petty thieving, they usually chose to be beaten by Mr Abu becauseA) he gave them only one hard smack instead of the six from their teachersB) they did not want to get a bad reputation with their teachersC) they were afraid of their science mastersD) his punishment was quicker than their teachers'88. Some boys took chemicals like soda and iodoform powder becauseA) they liked to set up stalls in the marked and sell things, like tradersB) they were too poor to buy things like soap and medicineC) they wanted money and could sell such things quicklyD) they needed things like soap and medicine for sores89. A big difference between Kojo and Sorie was thatA) Kojo took chemicals for some useful experiment but Sorie only wasted his in making an alcoholicdrink.B) Sorie was rich but Kojo was poorC) Kojo had a guilty conscience but Sorie did notD) when Kojo objected. Sorie proved that what they were doing was reasonable90. On entering the laboratory, Mr Abu was immediately suspicious becauseA) the whole class was looking so innocentB) he was a suspicious man by natureC) there was no teacher in the roomD) he could smell chemicals and he knew it was a physics lesson ,（5）Alison closed the door of her small flat and put down her briefcase. As usual, she had brought some work home from the travel agency. She wanted to have a quick bite to eat and then, after spending a few hours working, she was looking forward to watching television or listening to some music:.She was just about to start preparing her dinner when there was a knock at the door. `Uli, no! Who on earth could that be?' she muttered to herself. She went to the door and opened it just wide enough to see who it was. A man of about sixty was standing there. It took her a moment before she realized who he was. He lived in the flat below. They had passed each other on the stairs once or twice, and had nodded to each other but never really spoken.`Uh, sorry to bother you, but ...uh...there's something I'd like to talk to you about,' he mumbled. He had a long, thin face and two big front teeth that made him look rather like a rabbit. Alison hesitated, but then, opening the door wide, asked him to come in. It was then that she noticed the dog. She hated dogs----particularly big ones. This one was a very old, very fat bulldog. The man had already bone into her small living-room and, without being asked, he sat down on the sofa. The dog followed him in and climbed up on the sofa next to him, breathing heavily. She stared at it. It stared back.The man coughed. `Uh, do you mind if I smoke?' he asked. Before she could ask him not to, he had taken out a cigarette and lit it.`I'll tell you why I've come. I ...I hope you won't be offended but, well ...,' he began and then stopped. Suddenly his face went red. His whole body began to shake. Then another cough exploded from somewhere deep inside him. Still coughing, he took out a grey, dirty-looking handkerchief and spat into it. Afterwards he put the cigarette back into his mouth and inhaled deeply. As he did so, some ash fell on the carpet.The man looked around the room. He seemed to have forgotten what he wanted to say. Alison glanced at her watch and wondered when he would get to the point. She waited.'Nice place you've got here,' he said at last.91. How do you think Alison felt when she heard the knock at the door?A) Afraid .B) Irritated.C) Pleased. D) Curious.92. Who was the man at the door?A) Someone from work.。

2024全国博士英语考试大纲The 2024 National Doctoral English Examination Syllabus provides a comprehensive overview of the expectations and requirements for candidates preparing to take the exam. Designed to assess proficiency in English language skills at the doctoral level, the syllabus outlines the key areas of focus and the types of tasks that candidates can expect to encounter. 。

The examination covers four main components: Listening Comprehension, Reading Comprehension, Writing, and Translation. Each component is designed to evaluate different aspects of language proficiency, including understanding, analysis, synthesis, and expression.Listening Comprehension tests candidates' ability to understand spoken English in academic and professional contexts. Candidates will listen to a variety of recordings, including lectures, discussions, and presentations, and answer questions to demonstrate their comprehension of the content, main ideas, supporting details, and speaker's attitude or opinion.Reading Comprehension assesses candidates' ability to understand and analyze written English texts. Candidates will encounter a range of text types, such as academic articles, reports, essays, and literary passages. They will be required to demonstrate their comprehension of the texts by answering questions that test their understanding of main ideas, supporting details, vocabulary, inference, and rhetorical devices.The Writing component evaluates candidates' ability to produce coherent and well-organized written English. Candidates will be presented with prompts or topics and asked to write essays, reports, or other text types. They will need to demonstrate their ability to generate and develop ideas, organize information logically, use appropriate language and style, and support their arguments with relevant examples and evidence.Translation tests candidates' ability to accurately translate English texts into Chinese and vice versa. Candidates will be required to translate passages that cover a range oftopics and genres, including academic, scientific, technical, and literary texts. They will need to demonstrate their understanding of both languages' grammar, vocabulary, and idiomatic expressions, as well as their ability to convey the original meaning and tone of the text.Overall, the 2024 National Doctoral English Examination Syllabus provides a clear outline of the expectations and requirements for candidates preparing to take the exam. By familiarizing themselves with the content and format of the exam, candidates can better prepare and improve their chances of success.。

考研英语大纲供参考：
一、考试性质和目的
1. 考试性质：全国硕士研究生入学考试（以下简称“考研”）中的英语科目；
2. 考试目的：测试考生的英语阅读理解、翻译和写作能力，以及英语语言运用的基本技能。

二、考试内容
1. 阅读理解：主要考察考生对英文文章的理解和分析能力，包括主旨大意、细节理解、推理判断等。

2. 完形填空：主要考察考生对上下文语境的理解和词语搭配的能力。

3. 翻译：主要考察考生对中英文互译的能力，包括英译汉和汉译英。

4. 写作：主要考察考生的英语写作能力和表达能力，包括作文和应用文写作。

三、考试形式和时间
1. 考试形式：笔试；
2. 考试时间：3小时。

四、考试分值和及格标准
1. 考试分值：总分为100分；
2. 及格标准：总分不低于60分。

五、考试要求和注意事项
1. 要求考生具备扎实的英语基础知识和基本技能；
2. 要求考生具有较强的英语阅读理解、翻译和写作能力；
3. 要求考生能够熟练运用英语进行交流和表达；
4. 注意事项：考生需自备文具和计算器，不得携带任何与考试无关的物品进入考场。

中国科学院大学博士研究生入学考试英语考试大纲考试对象报考中国科学院大学各单位（具体指中国科学院所属各研究院、所、中心、园、台、站及校部各直属院系）相关专业拟攻读博士学位的考生。

考试目的检验考生是否具有进入攻读博士学位阶段的英语水平和能力。

考试类型、考试内容及考试结构本考试共有五个部分：词汇（占10%）、完形填空（占15%）、阅读理解（占40%）、英译汉（占15%），写作（占20%）。

试卷分为：试卷一（Paper One）客观试题，包括前三个部分，共75题，顺序排号；试卷二（Paper Two）主观试题，包括英译汉和写作两个部分。

一、词汇主要测试考生是否具备一定的词汇量和根据上下文对词和词组意义判断的能力。

词和词组的测试范围基本以本考试大纲词汇表为参照依据。

共20题。

每题为一个留有空白的英文句子。

要求考生从所给的四个选项中选出可用在句中的最恰当词或词组。

二、完形填空主要测试考生在语篇层次上的理解能力以及对词汇表达方式和结构掌握的程度。

考生应具有借助于词汇、句法及上下文线索对语言进行综合分析和应用的能力。

要求考生就所给篇章中15处空白所需的词或短语分别从四个选项中选出最佳答案。

三、阅读理解本部分共分两节。

要求考生能：1）掌握中心思想、主要内容和具体细节；2）进行相关的判断和推理；3）准确把握某些词和词组在上下文中的特定含义；4）领会作者观点和意图、判断作者的态度。

A节：主要测试考生在规定时间内通过阅读获取相关信息的能力。

考生须完成1800-2000词的阅读量并就题目从四个选项中选出最佳答案。

B节：主要测试考生对诸如连贯性和一致性等语段特征的理解。

考生须完成700－900词的阅读量（2篇短文），并根据每篇文章（约400词）的内容，从文后所提供的6段文字中选择能分别放进文章中5个空白处的5段。

四、英译汉要求考生将一篇近400词的英语短文中有下划线的5个句子翻译成汉语。

主要测试考生是否能从语篇的角度正确理解英语原句的意思，并能用准确、达意的汉语书面表达出来。

2024年全国博士英语考试大纲In 2024, the National English Doctoral Examination in China will continue to assess candidates' proficiency in English language skills, academic writing, critical thinking, and research abilities. The exam aims to evaluate candidates' readiness for doctoral studies in English-related fields and their potential to contribute to academic research and scholarship.The exam consists of four sections: listening comprehension, reading comprehension, writing, and speaking. Each section is designed to test different aspects of the candidates' English language abilities. The listening comprehension section assesses candidates' ability to understand spoken English in academic and professional contexts. Candidates will listen to a series of recordings and answer questions based on the content of the recordings.The reading comprehension section evaluates candidates' ability to understand and analyze written English texts. Candidates will read a variety of academic articles, essays, and reports, and answer questions that test their comprehension, interpretation, and critical thinking skills. This section also assesses candidates' ability to synthesize information from multiple sources and form coherent arguments.The writing section requires candidates to demonstrate their academic writing skills by completing a series of tasks, such as writing essays, research proposals, and literature reviews. Candidates are expected to present well-structured arguments, support their claims with evidence and examples, and demonstrate a strong command of academic English vocabulary and grammar.The speaking section assesses candidates' ability to communicate effectively in English. Candidates will participate in a series of speaking tasks, such as giving presentations, participating in group discussions, and responding to interview questions. This section evaluates candidates' fluency, pronunciation, vocabulary, and ability to express ideas clearly and coherently.Overall, the National English Doctoral Examination in 2024 aims to evaluate candidates' English language proficiency, critical thinking skills, and readiness for doctoral studies in English-related fields. Candidates are encouraged to prepare thoroughly for the exam by practicing listening, reading, writing, and speaking skills, familiarizing themselves with academic English texts, and honing their analytical and research abilities. Success in the exam will not only demonstrate candidates' academic potential but also pave the way for their future academic and professional success in English-related fields.。

福州大学博士研究生入学考试英语考试大纲一、考查目标本考试重点考查考生的英语语言知识和语言技能（本考试属水平考试，不指定任何参考书）。

具体要求如下：1. 词汇要求考生掌握约5000个英语词汇和约500个常用词组。

此外，还应掌握词汇间的词义关系，如同义词、近义词、反义词等；掌握词汇之间的搭配关系，如动词与介词、形容词与介词、形容词与名词等；掌握词汇生成的基本知识，如词源、词根、词缀等。

2．语法要求考生熟练掌握英语的基本语法知识、常用句型和结构，能正确理解包含这些知识、句型和结构的句子和语篇，并能在实践中准确、自如地运用这些知识。

3．阅读要求考生能综合运用英语语言知识和阅读技能熟练地阅读和理解一般性题材的文章、科技文章及应用性形式的阅读材料。

要求能理解主旨大意，读懂细节，能理解上下文的逻辑关系，并领会作者或话语参与各方的主要意图和态度及其异同等。

4．语篇完形处理在理解阅读材料的基础上能综合运用词汇、语法、搭配、语段、篇章逻辑等方面的知识和上下文等对语篇各层次的信息进行正确判断和完形处理。

5．翻译（1）英译汉要求考生能在30分钟内把一篇150词左右的一般性题材的英语短文或科学常识性文章中的段落译成汉语，能准确表达原文的意思，语句通顺，用词正确，无较大的语言错误。

（2）汉译英要求考生能在30分钟内把一篇150字左右的一般性题材的汉语短文或科学常识性文章中的段落译成英语。

要求译文忠实于原文，译文达意，符合英语表达习惯，无较大的语言错误。

6．写作要求考生能根据命题或图表等在30分钟内写出一篇200字以上的短文，或根据所给文章（中文或英文）要求写出200字以上的英文摘要。

写作部分的考查目标是测试考生用英语书面表达思想和见解的能力。

所写文章应切合主题，能正确表达思想，意义连贯，无较大的语言错误。

二、题型、题量、分值本考试所制定的试卷为笔试，卷面分为试卷一和试卷二，共有五个部分，包括词汇与语法、阅读理解、完形填空、翻译和写作。

2024年研究生考试英语一大纲一、考试目标与要求英语一科目旨在考察考生的英语听力、阅读、翻译和写作等综合运用能力，测试其在语言运用和理解方面的水平。

考试要求考生在语法、词汇、逻辑推理等方面具备一定的英语基础，能够较为熟练地运用英语进行交流和表达。

二、考试内容听力理解：能听懂各类英语口音的对话和独白。

能听懂长篇演讲、讲座等语篇。

阅读理解：能理解各种文体的文章，包括新闻报道、学术论文、社论等。

能理解文章中的关键信息、作者观点等。

翻译：能将中文翻译成英文，包括文章翻译和句子翻译。

能准确传达原文的语言风格和信息。

写作：能够进行英语写作，包括议论文、应用文等。

能够清晰、连贯地表达个人观点。

三、考试形式听力理解：通过听音频记录，回答相关问题，考察考生对听力材料的理解能力。

阅读理解：阅读文章，回答相关问题，考察考生对文本的理解和分析能力。

翻译：采用中文到英文的翻译形式，考察考生的翻译水平。

写作：选择一个主题，撰写一篇英语文章，考察考生的写作表达能力。

四、备考建议听力练习：多听英语广播、英语电影，提高听力水平。

听一些英语口音较为标准的讲座和演讲。

阅读提高：阅读各类英语文章，注重提高阅读速度和理解能力。

学会总结文章中的主旨和观点。

翻译训练：多进行中英文翻译训练，注重翻译时的语境理解。

关注翻译中常见的语法结构和词汇搭配。

写作技巧：多练习英语写作，注意提高篇章结构的合理性。

阅读一些优秀的英语范文，学习写作技巧和表达方式。

五、考试注意事项考试时请认真审题，确保准确理解题目要求。

注意答题规范，书写工整，确保答案清晰可辨。

考试时间分配要合理，确保每个环节都有足够时间完成。

通过认真备考，相信各位考生能够在2024年的研究生英语一科目中取得优异的成绩。

祝愿大家考试顺利，成绩优异！。

四川大学博士研究生招生入学考试英语考试大纲
一、考试时间：180分钟
二、考试内容、题型
1、阅读理解（30分）包括：一般性文章6篇，每篇约300词左右。

测试考
生在规定的时间内通过阅读获取相关信息的能力。

考生须完成1800-2000英语词的阅读量（6篇短文）并就所给题目从四个选项中选出正确答案。

要求考生能：1）掌握中心思想、主要内容和具体细节；2）进行相关的判断和推理；3）准确把握某些词和词组在上下文中的特定意义；4）领会作者观点和意图、判断作者的态度。

2、词汇（10分）包括：20个选择题，每题0.5分。

测试考生是否具备一定
的词汇量和根据上下文对词和词组意义判断的能力。

3、完型填空（10分）包括：一篇短文中20处空白形式的选择题，每题0.5
分。

测试考生在语篇层次上的理解能力和根据上下文对英语进行综合分析和应用的能力。

4、英汉互译（30分）包括：1）英译汉：短文一篇约250左右英语词，全部
译成汉语。

2）汉译英5句(复合句)。

测试考生是否能正确进行英汉互译的能力，要求译文达意、通顺、符合英语或汉语的表达习惯。

5、作文（20分）写出150词以上的短文一篇，给出题目和提纲，按提纲写
作。

注：英语以外的其它语种（包括日语、德语、法语和俄语），可参照此纲要酌情命题。

全国医学博士外语统一考试大纲全国医学博士外语统一考试（NMLE）是中国博士研究生入学考试中的一项，旨在测试考生在医学领域外语能力的水平，以达到在国际化背景下进行医学研究和交流的要求。

考试包括听力、阅读、写作三部分。

一、听力部分听力考试主要测试考生对语音、语调、语速和语音连贯性的理解程度。

考试分为两节，每节20道题。

建议考生在平时练习时，注重提高听力理解能力，多听力和口语训练。

二、阅读部分阅读考试主要测试考生对英语阅读理解的能力。

考试分为两节，每节15道题，每题单词量平均在20个左右。

英语阅读能力是医学研究的重要基础，建议考生平时多读英文科技文献。

三、写作部分写作考试主要测试考生的英语表达能力和学术写作能力。

考试分为两部分，第一部分要求考生写一篇400-500个单词的学术文章摘要，第二部分要求考生写一篇400-500个单词的学术文章，论文题目一般涉及医学领域的热点问题。

建议考生多练习写作，多阅读英文学术文献和科技报道。

参考内容：1. 英语听力材料：建议考生学习BBC news，TED Talks，并注重学习新闻报道和学术专题的听力训练。

2. 英语阅读材料：建议考生多读英文医学期刊和书籍，如The Lancet、New England Journal of Medicine、Nature、Science等。

3. 学术写作参考书：英文写作技巧书籍推荐：《Academic Writing for Graduate Students》、《How to Write and Publish a Scientific Paper》、《English for Writing Research Papers》。

此外，还可以参考在国内出版的《医学英语写作指南》。

4. 学术写作软件：参考软件Endnote（文献管理）、SPSS（统计分析）等。

总之，医学博士外语统一考试必须要认真备考，平时一定要注重听、说、读、写的全方位训练，提高英语水平，在攻克考试的同时也要为日后的医学研究交流打下扎实的基础。