现代物流概论总结
Lec 1、1
大题:What is logistics？
美国定义:
与供应链管理的关系:Logistics management is that part of the supply chain management
管理的功能:that plans, implements(实现:组织、领导) and controls
物流管理的对象:the efficient effective forward and reverse flow(反向流动) and storage(存储) of goods, services and related information
范围:from the point of origin(起源) to the point of consumption(终结)
目的:in order to meet customer’s requirements、
英国定义:7R
Logistics is getting :
the right product,
in the right quantity(数量),
in the right condition(条件),
at the right place,
at the right time,
at the right cost,
to the right customer。
中国定义:
物流(logistics):物品从供给地向接收地的实体流动过程。根据实际需要,将运输、储存、装卸、搬运、包装、流通加工、配送、信息处理等基本功能实施有机结合。
物流管理(logistics management): 以最低的物流成本达到用户所满意的服务水平,对物流活动进行的计划、组织、协调与控制。
大题:Key components(构成) of logistics
Transport(运输):运输就是指用设备与工具,将物品从一地点向另一地点运送的物流活动。其中包括集货、分配、搬运、中转、装入、卸下、分散等一系列操作。举例:运输模式、船队管理、交付操作的类型、装载计划、路线安排。
Storage/warehousing(存储/仓储):保护、管理、贮藏物品。举例:仓储地点、配送仓库的数量与大小、操作类型。
Material handling(物料搬运):在一个存储区域范围内的货物的短距离移动。举例:物料搬运的选择、自己完成与外包间的选择。
Inventory(库存):一个企业所持有的货物的单位量与／或价值。举例:存储什么、在哪存储、订购多少、何时订购。
Packaging(包装):包装就是指为在流通过程中保护商品、方便运输、促进销售,按照一定技术方法而采用容器、材料及辅助物等的总体名称,也指为了达到上述目的的操作活动。Information and control(信息与控制) :举例:订单处理系统、设计系统、采购控制、预测。
Lec 1、2
小题:When was physical distribution substituted by logistics formally in the western world?(在
西方世界传统物流正式被现代物流所取代就是什么时候？) In 1980s、
小题:When was logistics introduced in Japan? 二战后50s。
小题:When was logistics introduced in China? 90s、
小题:Logistics and physical distribution?(现代物流与传统的关系就是什么样的？) 现代物流包含传统物流。
Lec 1、3
小题:Logistics is the links among different enterprises and industries in the economy system、(物流就是经济系统中联系企业与制造业的存在)
Logistics cost is one significant element of social total cost、(物流成本就是社会总成本中一个重要的元素)
Logistics cost as a percentage of GDP to measure the rate of economy growth、(物流成本在GDP中的占比可以衡量经济增长)
大题:Value-Added Role of Logistics(物流的增值角色)
Form utility (what)形式效用:Refers to the value added to goods through(指的就是商品价值的增加)、举例:manufacturing /production or assemble process(制造业产品的组装过程)
Place utility (where)空间效用:A value that logistics creates in a product by changing the product's location(物品地点的转移创造价值)、举例:Transportation creates place utility、Time utility (when)时间效用:A value created in a product by having the product available at the time desired(保证产品能够可靠的在一定时间内到达而产生价值)、举例:The transportation and warehousing create time utility、
Quantity utility (how much)数量效用:Refers to delivering the proper quantities of an item to where it is demanded(指将适当数量的物品运送到需要的地方)、举例:Logistics creates quantity utility through production forecasting, production scheduling and inventory control、(物流通过产品预期,产品计划与库存控制的方式创造数量效用)
Possession utility (why)占有效用:举例:The value created by mark eting’s effort to increase the desire to possesses a good or benefit from a service、(这种价值通过营销来增加对物品所有权与益处的服务而创造)
小题:Effective logistics management can help business reduce cost so that it can provide cost advantage、(成本优势)
Effective logistics management can help provide superior customer service so that this can enhance differentiation advantage (差异性优势)
大题:Logistics interfaces in the firm(与企业其她部门的联系): Manufacturing, Marketing, Accounting、
Logistics Interfaces with Operations/ Manufacturing:
Length of production runs(生产运行时间的长短):Inventory cost(库存成本)
Seasonal demand(季节需求):Acceptance of seasonal inventory to balance production times、(寻求季节性库存与产品供应的平衡)
Supply-side interfaces:Stocking adequate supplies to ensure uninterrupted production、(储备充足的物资,保证不间断生产)
Logistics Interfaces with Marketing:The Marketing Mix – 4 Ps
Price、Product、Promotion(促销)、Place(渠道)
Logistics Interfaces with accounting:ROA= gross profit /asset
Lec 1、4
大题:What are company ’s competitive advantages?
Superior product quality(优良的产品质量)
Superior customer service(优良的客户服务)
Wide distribution network(广泛的配送网络)
Brand loyalty(品牌忠诚)
Patents(专利)
Superior management teamwork(优良的管理团队)
Low cost plants(低成本工厂)
Ownership of raw material supplies(原材料供应所有权)
大题:Competitive Advantage-- Cost advantage
Absolute cost advantage(Lower costs than competition at all levels):(直接成本优势) Superior production technology(高级生产技术)、
Low cost input supply(低成本投入供给)、
Low cost operations(低成本运作)、
Lower end-to-end delivered cost provided by logistics management(物流管理所提供的更低的终端到终端的交付费用)
Relative cost advantage:(间接成本优势)
Economic scale(经济规模)、Experience curve(经验曲线)
能够带来的效果:
Capacity utilization(能力利用率)、Schedule integration(计划整合)、Low waste(低浪费)、Low inventory(低库存)
大题:Competitive Advantage-- Differentiation
Product:
Quality(质量)、Price、Performance(展示)、Design