高一期中

合肥2023～2024学年度高一年级第一学期期中联考语文（答案在最后）考生注意：1．本试卷分选择题和非选择题两部分。

满分150分，考试时间150分钟。

2．答题前，考生务必用直径0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔将密封线内项目填写清楚。

3．考生作答时，请将答案答在答题卡上。

选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑；非选择题请用直径0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔在答题卡上各题的答题区域内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效．．．．．．．．。

．．．．、草稿纸上作答无效．．．．．．．．．．．．．，在试题卷4．本卷命题范围：必修上册第一至三单元。

一、现代文阅读（35分）（一）现代文阅读I（本题共5小题，19分）阅读下面的文字，完成下面小题。

材料一：在中国石化机械四机公司，90后数控车床技师孙野已算是个“老师傅”了。

从一名普通的大专毕业生成长为数控操作领域的青年能手，他十年磨一剑，用行动诠释着工匠精神。

大学时参加学校和企业的联合培训项目，孙野第一次来到江汉油田。

如今，他已在荆楚大地深耕11个年头。

这一路，孙野走得并不容易。

袖口隐隐约约的毛边，操作台上细细密密的刻痕……高压管汇事业部1号车间就是他的第二个家。

孙野回忆，刚进单位那段时间，年轻气盛的他有些浮躁，工作也相对没那么积极。

后来，他看到组里一位老师傅每天都早早到岗清理好周边工作环境，抢着干本来可能不需要他负责的事，对大家一视同仁，在工作各个方面精益求精。

孙野为此深受触动，干起活也越来越认真踏实。

在研究175兆帕超高压活动弯头时，对于压裂管汇的要求，正常的误差可能是两个丝，但是孙野和团队经过多次调整，专门定制出7种不同的特殊刀片，将误差控制在了一丝五分，甚至是一丝以内，也就是0.01毫米，六分之一头发丝的精度。

高压活动弯头的位置精度、形状精度、尺寸精度都达到了更高标准。

这几块元件体量不大，却是目前全球压力等级最高的高压流体控制元件。

175兆帕，相当于一个指甲盖大小的面积要承受1750公斤的重量。

2024-2025学年度第一学期高一英语期中考试卷试卷满分：100分第一部分阅读理解(共20 小题;每小题2.5 分，满分50 分)第一节阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C 和D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

AHere are some pet-friendly universities in the UK and US.University of IllinoisStudents are allowed up to two pets in each apartment, as well as a fish tank of no more than 50 gallons.To keep a pet, you will need to get approval from the Family & Graduate housing department at the University of Illinois. You will have to provide proof that your pet is up to date with its vaccinations(疫苗), and pay a monthly US$30 pet fee, which is non-refundable(不可退款的).Your pet can’t be left for extended periods of time, and if there’s evidence that you’ve left it alone due to vacation or illness, the university may remove it.Harvard UniversityWith as many as 12 pet-friendly apartments, Harvard is a very pet-friendly university. It allows students to have fish in a tank of no more than 50 gallons, except for Harvard’s Cronkhite Graduate Center.In Harvard’s pet-friendly apartments, you’re allowed: one cat or one dog, which can’t be over 40 pounds when fully grown. At most, two pet birds.University of British Columbia Students can take advantage of the university’s B．A．R. K program, which uses the calming power of therapy dogs to help them.B．A．R. K started at the University of British Columbia, after an assistant professor called Dr. John-Tyler Binfet noticed that he couldn’t walk across campus without students running over to play with his dog, Frances. The students told him they were homesick and missed their pets, which encouraged Binfet to establish B．A．R. K as a way of fighting their loneliness.University of OxfordThe University of Oxford is famous for its resident pets, who happily wander around college grounds. Many Oxford colleges have their own tortoise and take part in the annual Corpus Christi tortoise race.Although you are not allowed to keep your own pet as a student, several Oxford colleges hold dog petting and walking therapy sessions.1．What is one of the rules for keeping pets at the University of Illinois?A．Pet keepers should pay a monthly US$ 30 pet fee which will be returned.B．Pets can’t be left alone in the apartments due to vacation or illness.C．Students have to keep fish in a fish tank of no more than 20 gallons.D．The cat or dog can’t be over 40 pounds when fully grown.2．Why did Dr. John-Tyler Binfet start B．A．R. K?A．To help students to fight against homesickness.B．To do research on dogs and train them to be pets.C．To help more professors to do exercise on campus.D．To give assistance to the pet dogs by offering them foods.3．Which university doesn’t allow students to keep pets?A．Harvard University. B．University of Oxford.C．University of Illinois. D．University of British Columbia.BA survey by the American Psychological Association shows that one in ten adults reads online news at least once an hour. A lot has been written about the mental health influence from news addiction, and in particular from reading negative reports. Just like junk food, “junk” news can be bad for our health.In recent years, things have been getting increasingly more negative. A study of the content of New Zealand’s largest newspaper showed that while in 1973 the average number of stories about death on the front page was 0.75, by 2013 it was 4.1(and no, there weren’t five times more people dying).What’s more, online news, and the stories we read on mobile phones in particular, tend to be even more negative than print. A 2019 study of 50 U.S. newspapers showed that mobile versions of newspapers report three times more stories about disasters and accidents than paper ones.Such negative reports lead people to believe that things are worse than they really are. They can lead to stress, worry and lower spirits.Experiments also suggest that loneliness and poor relationships have been connected with reading negative reports. After reading negative reports, people are less likely to help others. Even worse, when we check news on smart phones, we may “phub” our loved ones, which leads to lower relationship satisfaction.Negative reports attract our attention far more than positive ones. That’s a global happening. I hope, however, that if we realize that negative news is spoiling our moods, we might all be more willing to change. 4．Why is “junk food” mentioned in the first paragraph?A．To entertain readers.B．To introduce the topic.C．To make an advertisement.D．To keep readers away from it.5．What can we learn about the study in Paragraph 2?A．The death rate in New Zealand is very high.B．Print newspapers have become less popular.C．Stories about death have become less popular.D．Negative reporting has been increasing over years. 6．What may negative reports lead people to do?A．Live a hopeful life.B．Become more careful.C．Become less likely to help others.D．Pay more attention to their physical health.7．What does the underlined word “phub” in Paragraph 5 mean?A．Ignore B．Hate C．Laugh at D．Care about8．Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A．A Survey on News Reading Habits B．Negative Effects of Mobile PhonesC．Is Online News Better Than Print?D．Is Junk News a Danger to Health?CThere was once a boy called Mario who loved to have lots of friends at school. However, he wasn’t sure whether or not his classmates were his true friends, so he asked his grandpa. The old man answered, “I have just exactly what you need; it’s in the attic (阁楼). Wait here for a minute.”Grandpa left, soon returning as though carrying something in his hand, but Mario could see nothing there. “Take it. It’s a very special chair. Because it’s invisible (无形的) it’s rather difficult to sit on, but if you take it to school and you manage to sit on it, you’ll be able to tell who your true friends are.”Mario took the strange invisible chair and went to school. At break time he asked everyone to form a circle, and he put himself in the middle, with his chair. “Nobody move. You’re about to see something amazing,” Mario said.Then Mario tried sitting on the chair. He missed and fell straight onto his backside. Everyone had a pretty good laugh. Mario wouldn’t be beaten. He kept trying to sit on the magic chair, and kept falling to theground... until, suddenly, he tried again and didn’t fall. This time he sat, hovering (悬停) in mid-air.Looking around, Mario saw George, Lucas, and Diana — three of his best friends — holding him up, so he wouldn’t fall. At the same time, many others he had thought of as friends were doing nothing but make fun of him, enjoying each and every fall.Leaving with his three friends, Mario explained to them how his grandpa had so cleverly thought of such a good idea. Now he knows that those who take joy in our misfortunes (不幸) when we are in difficulty are not our true friends.9．What did Mario’s grandpa take from the attic?A．An invisible chair.B．An old chair.C．A real chair.D．Nothing.10．Why did Mario’s grandpa give him the invisible chair?A．To see whether Mario could sit on it. B．To test who were Mario’s true friends.C．To let Mario have fun with his classmates.D．To test whether Mario was popular at school. 11．How was Mario able to hover in mid-air?A．He saw the invisible chair suddenly. B．He managed to sit on the chair finally.C．His friends held him up with their hands. D．His classmates gave him a chair to sit on.12．What does the story tell us?A．Never laugh at our friends. B．True friends can help us do magic.C．True friends are those who care for us. D．Having too many good friends isn’t a good thing.DSure, it’s good to get along well with your teacher because it makes the time you spend in the classroom more pleasant.And yes, it’s good to get along well with your teacher because, in general, it’s smart to learn how to get along well with the different types of people you’ll meet throughout your life.In fact, kids who get along well with their teachers not only learn more, but they’re more comfortable with asking questions and getting extra help. This makes it easier for them to understand new materials and makes them do their best on tests. When you have this kind of relationship with a teacher, he or she can be someone to turn to with problems, such as problems with learning or school issues (问题).Here is a question：What if you don’t get along with your teachers? In fact, teachers want to get along well with you and enjoy seeing you learn. But teachers and students sometimes have personality clashes (个性冲突), which can happen between any two people. If you show your teacher that you want to make the situation better, he or she will probably do everything possible to make that happen. By dealing with a problem like this, you learn something about how to get along with people who are different from you.However if a certain teacher isn’t your favorite, you can still have a successful relationship with him or her especially if you fulfill (履行) your basic responsibilities as a student.Here are some of those responsibilities (责任)：Attend class ready to learn.Be prepared for class with the right stationery, books, and completed assignments (作业).Listen when your teacher is talking.Do your best, whether it’s a classroom assignment, homework, or a test.13．According to the passage, what will happen to you when getting along well with your teachers ?A．We will have no problems with studyB．We will get a better seat in the classroomC．We will get the best scores in the examsD．We will have more pleasant time in the classroom14．What does the underlined word “that” refers to in the fourth paragraph?A．The happy time you have in the classroomB．Getting along very well with classmatesC．A better relationship between you and your teacherD．The disappearance of personality differences15．What does the passage mainly talk about?A．The importance of friendship in schools.B．The importance of a good relationship with your teachers.C．Studying skills for students.D．Useful skills to get along well with your teachers.16．As a student, what will you do if you don’t like a certain teacher ?A．You fulfill (履行) your basic responsibilities as a studentB．You are thought of as a good studentC．You know some basic social skillsD．You are easygoing and helpful第二节七选五(每小题1分，共5分，根据短文内容，选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

高一期中考试试题及答案一、选择题（每题3分，共30分）1. 下列关于细胞结构的描述，正确的是：A. 细胞壁只存在于植物细胞B. 细胞膜是细胞的外层结构C. 细胞核是细胞的能量转换器D. 线粒体是细胞的遗传物质储存地答案：B2. 光合作用中，水分子分解发生在：A. 光反应阶段B. 暗反应阶段C. 光反应和暗反应阶段D. 细胞呼吸阶段答案：A3. 人体细胞中，负责合成蛋白质的结构是：A. 线粒体B. 核糖体C. 内质网D. 高尔基体答案：B4. 以下哪种元素不属于人体必需的微量元素？A. 铁B. 锌C. 钙D. 碘答案：C5. 细胞分裂过程中，染色体数目加倍发生在：A. 有丝分裂前期B. 有丝分裂中期C. 有丝分裂后期D. 减数分裂第一次分裂答案：C6. 下列关于酶的描述，错误的是：A. 酶是活细胞产生的B. 酶是蛋白质或RNAC. 酶可以提高化学反应速率D. 酶在反应后被消耗答案：D7. 人体中，血红蛋白的主要功能是：A. 运输氧气B. 运输二氧化碳C. 调节酸碱平衡D. 储存能量答案：A8. 以下哪种激素不属于内分泌腺分泌的激素？A. 胰岛素B. 甲状腺激素C. 肾上腺素D. 消化酶答案：D9. 人体免疫系统中，负责识别和攻击外来病原体的是：A. 红细胞B. 白细胞C. 血小板D. 血浆答案：B10. 人体细胞中，负责储存遗传信息的是：A. 线粒体B. 核糖体C. 内质网D. 细胞核答案：D二、填空题（每空2分，共20分）1. 细胞膜的主要功能是________和________。

答案：保护细胞内部结构；控制物质进出2. 人体中，负责合成和分泌胰岛素的腺体是________。

答案：胰腺3. 光合作用中，光能被转化为________和________。

答案：化学能；热能4. 人体中，负责运输氧气的蛋白质是________。

答案：血红蛋白5. 人体免疫系统中，负责识别和攻击外来病原体的细胞是________。

2024-2025学年度上学期高一数学期中复习卷本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分，满分150分，考试时间120分钟．第Ⅰ卷（选择题）一、单选题：本题共8小题，每小题5分，共40分．在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的．1.已知集合{}21A y y x ==+，集合(){}2,1B x y y x ==+，下列关系正确的是（）A ．AB =B ．0A ∈C ．(1,2)B ∈D ．(0,0)B∈2.函数3y =的定义域为（）A ．{}|33x x -≤≤B ．{|33x x -<<且}1x ≠C ．{}|33x x -<<D ．{|3x x <-或}3x >3.已知)1fx =-()f x 的解析式为（）A ．2()1f x x =-B ．2()1(1)f x x x =+≥-C ．2()1(1)f x x x =-≥-D ．2()1f x x =+4.学里有一种证明方法为无字证明，是指仅用图形而无需文字解释就能不证自明的数学命题.在同一平面内有形状、大小相同的图1和图2，其中四边形ABCD 为矩形，BCE 为等腰直角三角形，设AB )0BC b a =≥>，则借助这两个图形可以直接无字证明的不等式是（）A ．2a b+≥B ．2aba b≤+C ．22a b +≥D ．2a b +≤5.幂函数()()233mf x m m x =--在区间()0,∞+上单调递减，则下列说法正确的是（）A ．4m =B ．4m =或1m =-C ．是奇函数D ．是偶函数6.在上定义运算：()1x y x y *=-.若关于x 的不等式()10x x *-≥的解集是集合{}12x a x +≤≤的子集，则实数a 的取值范围（）A. B. C. D.7.已知函数2()2+1,[0,2]f x x x x =-+∈，函数()1,[1,1]g x ax x =-∈-，对于任意1[0,2]x ∈，总存在2[1,1]x ∈-，使得21()()g x f x =成立，则实数a 的取值范围是（）A ．(,3]-∞-B ．[3,)+∞C ．(,3][3,)-∞-+∞ D ．(,3)(3,)-∞-⋃+∞8.记号[]x 表示不超过实数x 的最大整数，若()270x f x ⎡⎤=+⎢⎥⎣⎦，则()()()()()1236970f f f f f +++++ 的值为（）A ．B ．C ．D ．二、多选题：本题共3小题，每小题6分，共18分．在每小题给出的选项中，有多项符合题目要求．全部选对的得6分，部分选对的得部分分，有选错的得0分．9.已知p ：260x x +-=；q ：10ax +=.若p 是q 的必要不充分条件，则实数的值可以是（）A ．B ．12-C ．13D ．13-10.下列说法正确的有（）A ．若()f x 的定义域为[]22-,，则()21f x -的定义域为13,22⎡⎤-⎢⎥⎣⎦B ．()2x f x x=和()g x x =表示同一个函数C．函数2y x =-17,8⎛⎤-∞ ⎥⎝⎦D ．函数()f x 满足()()221f x f x x --=-，则()213f x x =+11.定义域为的函数()f x 满足：()()22,,22x y x y x y f x f y f f +-⎛⎫⎛⎫∀∈=- ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭R ，当0x >时，()0f x <，则下列结论正确的有（）A ．()01f =B ．()12y f x =+-的图象关于点()1,2--对称C ．()()()()()()202320252024202220242023f f f f f f +=+D ．()f x 在s +∞上单调递增()f x ()f x R 1a <-2a <-1a ≤-1a ≥-4898489949004901a 2-第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）三、填空题：本题共3小题，每小题5分，共15分．12.已知不等式²0ax bx c ++≤的解集为{|3x x ≤-或}4x ≥,则不等式²230bx ax c b +--≤的解集是______.13.设()2f x ax bx =+是定义在[]1,2a a -上的偶函数，则a b +的值是______；()f a =______.14.若存在常数k 和b ，使得函数()F x 和()G x 对其公共定义域上的任意实数x 都满足：()F x kx b ≥+和()G x kx b ≤+恒成立，则称此直线y kx b =+为()F x 和()G x 的“隔离直线”.已知函数()()2325,(0)f x x x g x x x=-=<，若函数()f x 和()g x 之间存在隔离直线2y x b =-+，则实数b 的取值范围是______.四、解答题:本题共5小题，共77分．解答应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤．15.（本小题满分13分）已知关于x 的不等式()22237320x a x a a +-++-<的解集为．（1）若()7,3M =-，求不等式()22237320x a x a a -----+≤的解集；（2）若中的一个元素是，求实数的取值范围．16.（本小题满分15分）设全集，集合，集合.（1）若“x A ∈”是“x B ∈”的充分不必要条件，求实数a 的取值范围；（2）若B A ⊆，求实数a 的取值范围.M M 0a U =R {}|15A x x =≤≤{}122|B x a x a =--≤≤-17.（本小题满分15分）已知函数21()x f x x-=．（1）判断函数()f x 的奇偶性，并证明；（2）用函数单调性的定义证明：在(0,)+∞上为增函数；（3）求函数在区间[]2,4--上的最大值和最小值．18.（本小题满分17分）某企业投资生产一批新型机器，其中年固定成本为万元，每生产x 台，需另投入生产成本()R x 万元.当年产量不足25台时，()23R x x kx =+；当年产量不小于25台时()3200202133010R x x x =+-+，且当年产量为台时需另投入成本万元；若每台设备售价万元，通过市场分析，该企业生产的这批机器能全部销售完.（1）求的值；（2）求该企业投资生产这批新型机器的年利润所()W x （万元）关于年产量（台）的函数关系式（利润＝销售额－成本）；（3）这批新型机器年产量为多少台时，该企业所获利润最大？并求出最大利润.19.（本小题满分17分）若函数()f x 与()g x 满足：对任意的1x D ∈，总存在唯一的2x D ∈，使()()12f x g x m =成立，则称()f x 是()g x 在区间D 上的“m 阶伴随函数”；对任意的1x D ∈，总存在唯一的2x D ∈，使()()12f x f x m =成立，则称()f x 是区间D 上的“m 阶自伴函数”．（1）判断()21f x x =+是否为区间[]0,3上的“阶自伴函数”？并说明理由；（2）若函数()31f x x =-为区间上的“阶自伴函数”，求b 的值；（3）若()42f x x =+是()2221g x x ax a =-+-在区间[]0,2上的“2阶伴随函数”，求实数a的取值范围．()f x ()f x 1000101100200k x 2⎥⎦⎤⎢⎣⎡b ,211。

绵阳中学高2024级高一上期期中测试数学试题第I 卷（选择题）一､单选题（每小题5分，共计40分）1.已知命题，命题的否定是（）A.B.C.. D.2.已知集合，若，则实数的值不可以为（）A.2 B.1 C.0 D.3.下列函数既是奇函数又在单调递增的是（）A. B.C. D.4.已知，若的解集为，则函数的大致图象是（ ）A. B.C. D.5.已知函数在区间上的值域是，则区间可能是（）A. B. C. D.6.“函数的定义域为”是“”的（ ）2:,210p x x ∀∈+>R p 2,210x x ∀∈+R …2,210x x ∃∈+>R 2,210x x ∃∈+<R 2,210x x ∃∈+R …{}()(){}2320,220A x x x B x x ax =-+==--=∣∣A B A ⋃=a 1-()0,∞+1y x =31y x=1y x x =-1y x x=+()2f x ax x c =--()0f x >()2,1-()y f x =-222y x x =-+[],a b []1,2[],a b []1,0-30,2⎡⎤⎢⎥⎣⎦[]1,3[]1,1-()211f x ax ax =-+R 04a <<A.充分不必要条件B.必要不充分条件C.充要条件D.既不充分也不必要条件7.已知且，不等式恒成立，则正实数的取值范围是（ ）A.B.C. D.8.已知函数是定义在的单调函数，且对于任意的，都有，若关于的方程恰有两个实数根，则实数的取值范围为（ ）A. B. C. D.二､多选题（每小题6分，共计18分）9.对于任意实数，下列四个命题中为假命题的是（ ）A.若，则B.若，则C.若，则D.若，则10.已知为正实数，且，则（ ）A.的最大值为4B.的最小值为18C.的最小值为4D.11.定义在上的偶函数满足：，且对于任意，，若函数，则下列说法正确的是（）A.在上单调递增B.0,0a b >>1ab =11422m a b a b++≥+m 2m ≥4m ≥6m ≥8m ≥()f x [)0,∞+[)0,x ∞∈+()2f f x ⎡=⎣x ()2f x x k +=+k 92,4⎡⎫⎪⎢⎣⎭51,4⎡⎫⎪⎢⎣⎭133,4⎡⎫⎪⎢⎣⎭13,4∞⎛⎫- ⎪⎝⎭,,,a b c d ,0a b c >≠ac bc>22ac bc >a b>0a b <<22a ab b >>0,a bcd >>>ac bd>,a b 8ab a b ++=ab 22(1)(1)a b +++a b +1111a b +++R ()f x ()22f =120x x >>()()21122122x f x x f x x x ->-()()2f xg x x -=()g x ()0,∞+()()34g g -<C.在上单调递减D.若正数满足，则第II 卷（非选择题）三､填空题（每小题5分，共计15分）12.函数__________.13.函数，若，则14.已知函数的定义域为的图象关于直线对称，且，若，则__________.四､解答题（共计77分）15.（13分）已知定义在上的函数满足：.（1）求函数的表达式；（2）若不等式在上恒成立，求实数的取值范围.16.（15分）设集合.（1）若，求实数的值；（2）若“”是“”的必要条件，求实数的取值范围.17.（15分）如图，正方形的边长为分别是和边上的点沿折叠使与线段上的点重合（不在端点处），折叠后与交于点.若（1）证明：的周长为定值.（2）求的面积S 的最大值.()f x ()2,∞+m ()()24202m f m f m -+->()2,m ∞∈+()12f x x =+()2,0228,2x x x f x x x ⎧+<<=⎨-+≥⎩()()2f a f a =+()2__________.f a =()(),f x g x (),y f x =R 1x =()()()()110,45f x g x f x g x -+=--=()21f =()()12g g +=R ()()2223f x f x x x +-=-+()f x ()21f x ax ≥-[]1,3a {}(){}222320,2150A x x x B x x a x a =-+==+++-=∣∣{}2A B ⋂=a x A ∈x B ∈a ABCD 1,,E F AD BC EF C AB M M ,A B CD AD G ,BM x BF y==AMG AMG18.（17分）已知函数是定义在上的奇函数，且.（1）求函数的解析式；（2）判断在上的单调性，并用单调性定义证明；（3）解不等式.19.（17分）若函数的定义域为，集合，若存在正实数，使得任意，都有，且，则称在集合上具有性质.（1）已知函数，判断在区间上是否具有性质，并说明理由；（2）已知函数，且在区间上具有性质，求正整数的最小值；（3）如果是定义域为的奇函数，当时，，且在上具有性质，求实数的取值范围.()21ax b f x x-=+[]1,1-()11f =-()f x ()f x []1,1-()()()210f t f t f -+>()f x D M D ⊆t x M ∈x t D +∈()()f x t f x +>()f x M ()P t 2()f x x =()f x [1,0]-(1)P 3()f x x x =-()f x [0,1]()P n n ()f x R 0x ≥()()f x x a a a =--∈R ()f x R (6)P a数学参考答案题号12345678910答案D D C C B B D C AD ABC题号11答案ABD 填空题12.13.414.【详解】因为的图象关于直线对称，则①，又，即，结合①得②，因为，则，结合②得，则，令，得，令，得，由，得，由，得，则，所以.15.【详解】（1）将的替换为得联立()(],22,1∞--⋃-()y f x =1x =()()11f x f x -=+()()110f x g x -+=()()110f x g x -=-()()110g x f x ++=()()45f x g x --=()()135f x g x +--=()()35g x g x +-=1x =()()125g g +-=2x =()()125g g -+=()()110f x g x -+=()()2110f g +-=()()45f x g x --=()()225f g --=()()125g g -+-=()()125g g +=()()2223f x f x x x +-=-+x x -()()2223f x f x x x -+=++()()()()22223223f x f x x x f x f x x x ⎧+-=-+⎪⎨-+=++⎪⎩解得（2）不等式为，化简得，要使其在上恒成立，则，，当且仅当取等，所以.16.【详解】（1）由，所以或，故集合.因为，所以，将代入中的方程，得，解得或，当时，，满足条件；当时，，满足条件，综上，实数的值为或（2）因为“”是“”的必要条件，所以对于集合.当，即时，，此时；当，即时，，此时；当，即时，要想有，须有，此时：，该方程组无解.综上，实数的取值范围是.17.【详解】（1）设，则，由勾股定理可得，即，由题意，，()21213f x x x =++()21f x ax ≥-2121213x x ax ++≥-116x a x ≤++[]1,3min116x a x ⎛⎫≤++ ⎪⎝⎭11116x x ++≥=x =1a ≤+()()2320120x x x x -+=⇒--=1x =2x ={}1,2A ={}2A B ⋂=2B ∈2x =B 2430a a ++=1a =-3a =-1a =-{}{}2402,2B x x =-==-∣3a =-{}{}24402B x x x =-+==∣a 1-3-x A ∈x B ∈B A⊆()()22,Δ4(1)4583B a a a =+--=+Δ0<3a <-B =∅B A ⊆Δ0=3a =-{}2B =B A ⊆Δ0>3a >-B A ⊆{}1,2B A ==()221352a a ⎧+=-⎨-=⎩a (],3∞--,,01BM x BF y x ==<<1CF MF y ==-222(1)x y y +=-212x y -=90GMF DCF ∠∠==即，可知，设的周长分别为，则又因为，所以，的周长为定值，且定值为2.（2）设的面积为，则，因为，所以，.因为，则，因为，所以，当且仅当，即时，等号成立，满足故的面积的最大值为.18.【详解】（1）函数是定义在上的奇函数，，解得，，而，解得，.（2）函数在上为减函数；90AMG BMF ∠∠+= Rt Rt AMG BFM ∽,AMG BFM 1,p p 11p AM x p BF y -==111p x y y x =++-=+()2111112x x x p p x y y y---==⋅+==AMG BFM 1S 22122(1)S AM x S BF y-==112S xy =()2221221(1)(1)(1)211x x x x x x x S S y y x x ----====-+()()()211121311x x x x x⎡⎤⎡⎤-++-⎣⎦⎣⎦==-+-+++10x +>201x>+211x x ++≥=+3S ≤-211x x+=+1x =-()0,1x ∈AMG 3-()21ax b f x x-=+[]1,1-()()22;11ax b ax b f x f x x x ----=-=-++0b =()21ax f x x ∴=+()11f =-2a =-()[]22,1,11x f x x x -∴=∈-+()221x f x x -=+[]1,1-证明如下：任意且，则因为，所以，又因为，所以，所以，即，所以函数在上为减函数.（3）由题意，，又，所以，即解不等式，所以，所以，解得，所以该不等式的解集为.19.【详解】（1），当时，，故在区间[―1，0]上不具有性质；（2）函数的定义域为，对任意，则，在区间上具有性质，则，即，因为是正整数，化简可得：对任意恒成立，设，其对称轴为，则在区间上是严格增函数，所以，，解得，故正整数的最小值为2；[]12,1,1x x ∈-12x x <()()()()()()121212122222121221221111x x x x x x f x f x x x x x ------=-=++++12x x <120x x -<[]12,1,1x x ∈-1210x x ->()()120f x f x ->()()12f x f x >()()12f x f x >[]1,1-()()()210f t f tf -+>()00f =()()210f t f t -+>()()21f t f t >--()()21f t f t >-22111111t t t t ⎧-≤≤⎪-≤-≤⎨⎪<-⎩0t≤<()()221(1)21f x f x x x x +-=+-=+0.8x =-()()10.60f x f x +-=-<()f x ()1P ()3f x x x =-R []0,1x ∈x n +∈R ()f x [0,1]()P n ()()f x n f x +>33()()x n x n x x +-+>-n 223310x nx n ++->[]0,1x ∈22()331g x x nx n =++-02n x =-<()g x [0,1]2min ()(0)10g x g n ==->1n >n（3）法一：由是定义域为上的奇函数，则，解得，若，，有恒成立，所以符合题意，若，当时，，所以有，若在上具有性质，则对任意恒成立，在上单调递减，则，x 不能同在区间内，，又当时，，当时，，若时，今，则，故，不合题意；，解得，下证：当时，恒成立，若，则，当时，则，，所以成立；当时，则，可得，，即成立；当时，则，即成立；综上所述：当时，对任意x ∈R 均有成立，()f x R (0)0f a a =-=0a ≥0a =()f x x =6x x +>0a >0x <()()()f x f x x a a x a a =--=----=-++()2,,2,x a x a f x x a x a x a x a +<-⎧⎪=--≤≤⎨⎪->⎩()f x R (6)P (6)()f x f x +>x ∈R ()f x [,]a a -6x +[,]a a -6()2a a a ∴>--= [2,0]x a ∈-()0f x ≥[0,2]x a ∈()0f x ≤264a a <≤2x a =-6[0,2]x a +∈(6)()f x f x +≤46a ∴<302a <<302a <<()()6f x f x +>302a <<46a <6x a +≤-()662f x x a +=++()2f x x a =+()()6f x f x +>6a x a -<+<63x a a <-<-()()66f x x a +=-+>-()2f x x a a =+<-()()6f x f x +>6x a +>()()()6622f x x a x a f x +=+->+≥()()6f x f x +>302a ≤<()()6f x f x +>故实数的取值范围为.法二：由是定义域为上的奇函数，则，解得.作出函数图像：由题意得：，解得，若，，有恒成立，所以符合题意，若，则，当时，则，，所以成立；当时，则，可得，，即成立；当时，则，即成立；综上所述：当时，对任意x ∈R 均有成立，故实数的取值范围为.a 30,2⎡⎫⎪⎢⎣⎭()f x R (0)0f a a =-=0a ≥2(2)46a a a --=<302a ≤<0a =()f x x =6x x +>302a <<46a <6x a +≤-()662f x x a +=++()2f x x a =+()()6f x f x +>6a x a -<+<63x a a <-<-()()66f x x a +=-+>-()2f x x a a =+<-()()6f x f x +>6x a +>()()()6622f x x a x a f x +=+->+≥()()6f x f x +>302a ≤<()()6f x f x +>a 30,2⎡⎫⎪⎢⎣⎭。

高一期中考试题及答案一、选择题（每题3分，共30分）1. 下列哪个选项是正确的？A. 地球是平的B. 太阳是宇宙的中心C. 地球围绕太阳转D. 月球是地球的卫星答案：C2. 以下哪个化学元素的原子序数是8？A. 氢B. 氧C. 碳D. 氮答案：B3. 以下哪个历史事件标志着中国封建社会的开始？A. 秦始皇统一六国B. 周武王灭商C. 夏朝的建立D. 唐朝的建立答案：C4. 以下哪个公式是计算圆的面积的？A. A = πr²B. C = 2πrC. V = πr³D. P = 2l + 2w答案：A5. 下列哪个选项是正确的？A. 光速是宇宙中最快的速度B. 光速是宇宙中最慢的速度C. 光速是恒定的D. 光速在不同介质中是相同的答案：A6. 以下哪个国家是联合国安全理事会的常任理事国？A. 德国B. 印度C. 巴西D. 法国答案：D7. 以下哪个朝代是中国历史上第一个统一的封建王朝？A. 秦朝B. 汉朝C. 唐朝D. 宋朝答案：A8. 以下哪个选项是正确的？A. 牛顿第一定律是惯性定律B. 牛顿第二定律是万有引力定律C. 牛顿第三定律是能量守恒定律D. 牛顿第四定律是动量守恒定律答案：A9. 下列哪个选项是正确的？A. 光年是时间单位B. 光年是长度单位C. 光年是速度单位D. 光年是质量单位答案：B10. 以下哪个选项是正确的？A. 细胞是构成生物体的基本单位B. 细胞是构成非生物体的基本单位C. 细胞是构成所有物质的基本单位D. 细胞是构成所有生物体和非生物体的基本单位答案：A二、填空题（每题4分，共20分）1. 光在真空中的传播速度是______公里/秒。

答案：299,7922. 元素周期表中，氧元素位于第______周期，第______族。

答案：二；六3. 根据勾股定理，直角三角形的斜边的平方等于两直角边的平方和，公式为______² + ______² = ______²。

陕西省西安市2023-2024学年高一上学期期中考试英语试题姓名：__________班级：__________考号：__________题号一二三四五总分评分一、第一部分阅读，第一节阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)阅读理解A British sleep expert,professor Chris Idzikowski,did a research showing that there was some connection between the way people sleep and their personality.The fetal positionThe fetal position gets its name from the shape of a baby in the mother's stomach.It is the most common position in the world.People who sleep in the fetal position tend towards worry and anxiety.They are often shy and sensitive.In the fetal position,a sleeper's body is like a ball as he lies on one side with legs and arms bent.Adults usually sleep in this position.The starfish positionWhen sleeping like a starfish,you lie on your back with arms up near the pillow.Sleep scientist Idzikowski says starfish sleepers value friendship.People who sleep in this position are good listeners and quick to help others.If you have a starfish sleeper as a best friend,you're in luck.Starfish sleepers are great listeners and a source of comfort to others.The freefall positionIn the freefall position,sleepers have their hands on or around their pillows,with their heads turned to one side. Freefall sleepers are social but sensitive and can become upset by extreme situations.They like to be in control of everything around their life.It's all part of their long periods of indecision,but once they make a choice,they stick to it. This position can aid in digestion(消化).The log positionFor those who suffer from back pain,the log position could be helpful for you.Log sleepers have both their arms and legs extended,so their bodies are straight like a log.Log sleepers are very trusting,but are usually social and easy-going individuals.Idzikowski claims that preferring a log position suggests that a person is sociable and can communicate with others easily.1．What's the personality of people sleeping in fetal position?A．Social and easy-going.B．Sensitive and social.C．Friendly and positive.D．Shy and sensitive.2．Which of the following is most suitable to be a friend?A．A fetal sleeper.B．A starfish sleeper.C．A freefall sleeper.D．A log sleeper.3．What can we know about log sleepers?A．They do well in sports.B．They are good listeners.C．They are easy to get along with.D．They have difficulty making decisions.阅读理解The world will become a better place when we realize that everyone can have bad days and that we care enough and take actions.A Kansas fourth-grade teacher Rachel Harder recognized this,and she found an amazing way to help out both her students and their families.A few years ago,Rachel attended a trauma(精神创伤)conference.She learned that some police stations partnered with schools.They could let teachers know when their students need help,patience or extra care.A year after the conference,Rachel had a student with autism who frequently had difficult days.To support the student,Rachel told the student's mom to simply text her"Handle with Care"to let her know when the student was experiencing difficult time."When she would text me,I knew that her daughter needed some extra time and a quiet place to get help,not going to the playground for morning announcements(通告),so that the rest of her daughter's day went well,"Rachel said.The simple method was such a success that Rachel decided to send all of her students home with a note for their parents.It explained what the"Handle with Care"system was and how they could make use of it.In no time,the parents began to show their appreciation for Rachel's unbelievable act of kindness.But Rachel's kindness didn't end with her class.News spread of the amazing system,and teachers across the country began giving it a shot in their own class.Printed materials could be found on the school website,and the feedback(反馈)has been extremely positive!4．What happened to Rachel a few years ago?A．She met with a policeman.B．She noticed some students in need.C．She acted as a host at a contest.D．She raised a girl with autism.5．What can we imagine Rachel probably did to the girl student?A．She asked to stop the morning announcements.B．She talked with her in the playground.C．She took her home ahead of time.D．She comforted her at a quiet place.6．How did the parents treat Rachel's system?A．They paid no attention to it.B．They changed it in daily use.C．They accepted it thankfully.D．They introduced it to others personally.7．What is the text mainly about?A．A proper system.B．A considerate teacher.C．A story going online.D．A class influencing the nation.阅读理解The characteristic(特征)of shyness is to feel frightened and nervous in new social situations or when being the center of attention.Whether shyness is part of your children's personality or just something they feel when they are in front of a group of strangers,it is a common experience,according to a study.To look at shyness,researchers brought152children aged7-8into a lab and told them they would give a speech, which would be filmed and shown to other children.The study showed that about10%of the children showed a level of stress over time when giving the speech.About25%of the children were not reported to be shy in the eyes of their parents,but in fact showed a level of social stress from giving the speech.This finding provides the fact that shyness may be a part of these children's temperament(性情).For children at this age,shyness may be a quite common and normal experience when they face a speech task.For a smaller group of shy children,however,being the center of attention may be stressful at different times and environments.A shy temperament isn't always valued by society like an outgoing personality,but that doesn't mean there is something wrong.Everyone can feel shy at times depending on the environment.And those who are particularly shy often have happy social lives—they just aren't likely to be the liveliest people in a crowded room.Although shyness itself may not necessarily be a problem,parents should pay attention to signs of worry, particularly in their shy children.Importantly,however,we know that not all shy children are the same,and that many shy children grow up to be well-balanced adults.8．What can we learn from paragraph1?A．Shyness is not an unusual characteristic.B．Shyness is born with personality.C．Shyness will appear when one is in public.D．Shyness means not communicating with others.9．What is the finding of the study?A．Few kids like to give a speech to others.B．Some kids can get shy while giving speeches.C．Some kids appear less shy with their parents.D Some kids are stressed when being separated.10．What does the author advise parents to do when facing shy children?A．Bring them to crowded space.B．Care for them and give them confidence.C．Keep them away from shyness.D．Let them be alone.11．What can be the best title for the text?A．When are people shy?B．Ways of beating shynessC．Why is shyness a bad thing?D．The discoveries about shyness阅读理解Humans are not the animal world's only fashion followers.Tits(山雀)can be one of them,too.A study by Sonja Wild and Lucy Aplin shows that,given the chance,they make their nests(巢穴)with this season's must-have color.Dr.Wild and Dr.Aplin followed up on a study which noted that the blue tits preferred to put the same plants into their nests.This also suggested fashion-following—and it led Dr.Wild and Dr.Aplin to imagine that birds were studying the nests of others and copying them.The birds they followed carried instruments on them.That allowed researchers to follow a large number of tits by their arrival at food dispensers(自动取物装置)throughout the woods.One day in March2021,Dr.Wild and Dr.Aplin used five dispensers with wool rather than food.Each contained two colors—either orange and pink or blue and purple—but all were rigged to give only one of these.This remained so until at least one local nest was seen to include wool from a dispenser.At that moment,the other color was discovered, too.As a comparison,Dr.Wild and Dr.Aplin set up four wool dispensers in a separate area,each providing two colors from the beginning.Of68tits'nests,26included wool from a dispenser.Of these,18were built after both colors had been gotten from all dispensers.Even so,10of that18included only the color of wool first chosen by a nest makers.By contrast(相比之下),all8nests with wool have mixed colors,which showed a clear difference in the record.Tits,then,do seem to be"in fashion"when it comes to nest-building materials.Tits like those of the leaders of human fashions and it is worth more deep research.12．Why are the same plants put into nests by the tits?A．They want to beautify their nests.B．They find no other plants.C．They are used to doing this.D．They want to keep warm.13．What does the underlined word"rigged"in paragraph4mean?A．Refused.B．Warned.C．Forced.D．Arranged.14．What method is mainly used in the experiment?A．Testing colors.B．Observing activities.C．Comparing results.D．Checking numbers.15．What is the author's attitude to the research?A．Disappointed.B．Supportive C．Doubtful.D．Unclear.二、第一部分阅读，第二节任务型阅读(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

考生注意：1．本试卷分选择题和非选择题两部分.满分150分，考试时间120分钟.2．答题前，考生务必用直径0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔将密封线内项目填写清楚.3．考生作答时，请将答案答在答题卡上.选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B 铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑；非选择题请用直径0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔在答题卡上各题的答题区域内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效，在试题卷、草稿纸上作答无效.4．本卷命题范围：人教A 版必修第一册第一章～第三章.一、选择题：本题共8小题，每小题5分，共40分.在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的2024-2025学年河南省郑州市高一上学期期中数学质量检测试卷.1. 已知(){}(){},3,,1A x y x y B x y x y =+==-=∣∣，则A B = （ ）A. 2,1x y ==B. ()2,1 C.(){}2,1 D. {}2,1【答案】C 【解析】【分析】利用交集定义即可求得A B⋂【详解】由31x y x y +=⎧⎨-=⎩，可得21x y =⎧⎨=⎩则A B =(){}(){},3,1x y x y x y x y +=⋂-=∣∣()(){}3=,=2,11x y x y x y ⎧⎫+=⎧⎨⎨⎬-=⎩⎩⎭∣故选：C2. 已知a ，b ，c ，d 均为实数，则下列说法正确的是（ ）A. 若a b >，c d >，则a c b d +>+ B. 若a b >，c d >，则a c b d ->-C. 若a b >，c d >，则ac bd > D. 若ac bc >，则a b>【答案】A 【解析】【分析】根据不等式的性质，结合举反例的方法，可得答案.【详解】对于A ，根据同向不等式具有可加性可知A 正确；对于B ，21a b =>=，24c d =->=-，但45a c b d -=<-=，故B 错误；对于C ，21a b =>=，24c d =->=-，但44ac bd =-==-，故C 错误；对于D ，当0c <时，由ac bc >，得a b <，故D 错误．故选：A ．3. 下列函数中，与函数2y x =+是同一函数的是（ ）A. 22y =+B. 2y =+C. 22x y x=+ D.y =【答案】B 【解析】【分析】通过两个函数三要素的对比可得答案.【详解】2y x =+的定义域为R ．对于A ，22y =+的定义域为[)0,+∞，与2y x =+的定义域不同，不是同一函数；对于B ，22y x =+=+定义域为R ，与2y x =+的定义域相同，对应关系相同，是同一函数；对于C ，22x y x=+的定义域为{}0x x ≠，与2y x =+的定义域不同，不是同一函数；对于D，2,2,22,2x x y x x x +≥-⎧==+=⎨--<-⎩与2y x =+对应关系不同，不是同一函数．故选：B ．4. 已知p ：0a b >> q ：2211a b<，则p 是q 的（ ）A. 充分不必要条件 B. 必要不充分条件C. 充要条件 D. 既不充分也不必要条件【答案】A 【解析】【分析】根据0a b >>与2211a b <的互相推出情况判断出属于何种条件.【详解】当0a b >>时，220a b >>，所以2211a b<，所以充分性满足，当2211a b<时，取2,1a b =-=，此时0a b >>不满足，所以必要性不满足，所以p 是q 的充分不必要条件，的故选：A.5. 已知函数()f x 为R 上的奇函数，当0x <时，()2f x x =+，则()()03f f +等于（ ）A. 3- B. 1- C. 1D. 3【答案】C 【解析】【分析】根据(3)f (3)f =--以及(0)0f =可求出结果.【详解】因为函数()f x 为R 上的奇函数，当0x <时，()2f x x =+，所以()()()33321f f =--=--+=．而()00f =，∴()()031f f +=．故选：C ．6. 若0x <，则1x x+（ ）A 有最小值―2B. 有最大值―2C. 有最小值2D. 有最大值2【答案】B 【解析】【分析】运用基本不等式求解即可.【详解】因为0x <，则0x ->，所以1()()2x x -+≥=-，当且仅当1x x -=-即：=1x -时取等号.所以12x x+≤-，当且仅当=1x -时取等号.故选：B.7. 已知函数()f x 的图象由如图所示的两条曲线组成，则（ ）A. ()()35ff -= B. ()f x 是单调增函数.C. ()f x 的定义域是(][],02,3∞-⋃D. ()f x 的值域是[]1,5【答案】D 【解析】【分析】根据函数的图象，结合函数求值、函数单调性、定义域与值域，可得答案.【详解】对于选项A ，由图象可得()32f -=，所以()()()321ff f -==，A 错误；对于选项B ，()04f =，()21f =，()()02f f >，故()f x 不是单调增函数，B 错误；对于选项C ，由图象可得()f x 的定义域为[][]3,02,3-⋃，C 错误；对于选项D ，由图象可得()f x 的值域为[]1,5，D 正确．故选：D ．8. 若定义域为R 的奇函数()f x 在(),0-∞上单调递减，且()20f =，则满足20)(x f x x≥的x 的取值范围是（ ）A. [][)2,02,-⋃+∞ B. ][3,10,1⎡⎤--⋃⎣⎦C. [)[)2,02,-⋃+∞ D. [)(]2,00,2-U 【答案】D 【解析】【分析】首先根据函数奇偶性与单调性，得到函数()f x 在相应区间上的符号，再根据两个数的乘积大于等于零，分类转化为对应自变量不等式，最后求并集得结果.【详解】因为定义在R 上的奇函数()f x 在(,0)-∞上单调递减，且(2)0f =，所以()f x 在(0,)+∞上也是单调递减，且(2)0f -=，(0)0f =，所以当(,2)(0,2)x ∈-∞-⋃时，()0f x >，当(2,0)(2,)x ∈-+∞ 时，()0f x <，由20)(x f x x≥可得()0xf x ≥且0x ≠可得020x x <⎧⎨-≤<⎩或002x x >⎧⎨<≤⎩解得20x -≤<或02x <≤，所以满足20)(x f x x≥的x 的取值范围是[)(]2,00,2-U ，故选：D .二、选择题：本题共4小题，每小题5分，共20分.在每小题给出的选项中，有多项符合题目要求.全部选对的得5分，部分选对的得2分，有选错的得0分.9. 下列函数既是偶函数，又在()0,∞+上单调递增的是（ ）A. y =B. 2y x =C. yD. 1y x=【答案】BC 【解析】【分析】根据函数的单调性和奇偶性逐项分析判断.【详解】对A ：=y =在定义域内为奇函数，又∵y =在R 上单调递增，5u x =在R 上单调递增，则y =在R 上单调递增，A 错误；对B ：∵()22x x -=，则2y x =在定义域内为偶函数，且在()0,∞+内单调递增，B 正确；对C ：y又∵当()0,x ∈+∞，y 在()0,∞+内单调递增，C 正确；对A ：∵11=--x x ，则1y x =在定义域内为奇函数，且1y x=在()0,∞+内单调递减，D 错误；故选：BC.10. 下列关于幂函数y x α=的说法正确的是（ ）A. 幂函数的图象都过点()0,0，()1,1B. 当1,3,1α=-时，幂函数的图象都经过第一、三象限C. 当1,3,1α=-时，幂函数是增函数D. 若0α<，则幂函数的图象不过点()0,0【答案】BD 【解析】【分析】由幂函数的性质逐个判断即可.【详解】对于A ，当0α<时，幂函数的图象不通过点()0,0，A 错误；对于B ，幂指数1,3,1α=-时，幂函数分别为y x =，3y x =，1y x -=，三者皆为奇函数，图象都经过第一、三象限，故B 正确；对于C ，当1α=-时，幂函数1y x -=在(),0∞-，(0,+∞)上皆单调递减，C 错误；对于D ，若0α<，则函数图象不通过点()0,0，D 正确．故选：BD ．11. 下列结论正确的是（ ）A. 函数21x y x+=的最小值是2B. 若0ab >，则2b a a b+≥C. 若x ∈R ，则22122x x +++的最小值为2D. 若0,0a b >>22a b ++≥【答案】BD 【解析】【分析】根据题意，结合基本不等式，逐项判定，即可求解.【详解】对于A 中，当0x <时，可得0y <，所以A 错误；对于B 中，因0ab >，则2b a a b +≥=，当且仅当b a a b =时，即a b =时，等号成立，所以B 正确；对于C中，由221222x x ++≥=+，当且仅当22122x x +=+时，此时方程无解，即等号不成立，所以C 错误；对于D 中，因为0,0a b >>22a b ++≥≥，当且仅当a b =时，等号成立，所以D 正确.故选BD ．12. 已知函数()f x 的定义域为A ，若对任意x A ∈，存在正数M ，使得()f x M ≤成立，则称函数为()f x 是定义在A 上的“有界函数”.则下列函数是“有界函数”的是（ ）A. 3()4x f x x+=- B. ()f x =C. 25()22f x x x =-+ D. ()f x 【答案】BCD 【解析】【分析】“有界函数”值域需要有界，化简各函数，并求出函数的值域，然后进行判断.【详解】对于A ，3(4)77()1444x x f x x x x+--+===-+---，由于704x ≠-，所以()1f x ≠-，所以()[)0,f x ∈+∞，故不存在正数M ，使得()f x M ≤成立.对于B ，令21u x =-，则[]0,1u ∈，()f x =，所以()[]0,1f x ∈，故存在正数1，使得()1f x ≤成立.对于C ，令2222(1)1u x x x =-+=-+，则()5f x u=，易得1u ≥.所以()5051f x <≤=，即()(]0,5∈f x ，故存在正数5，使得()5f x ≤成立.对于D ，令t =[]0,2t ∈，24x t =-，则[]()22117()40,224f x t t t t ⎛⎫=-++=--+∈ ⎪⎝⎭，易得()1724f x ≤≤，所以()172,4f x ⎡⎤∈⎢⎥⎣⎦，故存在正数174，使得()174f x ≤成立.故选：BCD.三、填空题：本题共4小题，每小题5分，共20分.13. 已知命题p ：x ∀∈Q ，x N ∈，则p ⌝为______．【答案】x ∃∈Q ，x ∉N 【解析】【分析】由全称命题的否定为特称命题即可求解.【详解】因为p ：x ∀∈Q ，x ∈N ，所以p ⌝为x ∃∈Q ，x ∉N ．故答案为：x ∃∈Q ，x ∉N .14. 函数()1f x x=+的定义域为_____________.【答案】()(],00,1-∞⋃【解析】【分析】由题意列不等式组即可求得.【详解】要使函数()1f x x=有意义，只需10,0,x x -≥⎧⎨≠⎩解得：1x ≤且0x ≠，从而()f x 的定义域为()(],00,1-∞⋃.故答案为：()(],00,1-∞⋃15. 已知函数()f x 满足下列3个条件：①函数()f x 的图象关于y 轴对称；②函数()f x 在()0,∞+上单调递增；③函数()f x 无最值．请写出一个满足题意的函数()f x 的解析式：______．【答案】()21f x x=-（答案不唯一）【解析】【分析】结合函数的对称性、单调性及常见函数即可求解.【详解】由()f x 的图象关于y 轴对称知()f x 为偶函数，()f x 在(0,+∞)上单调递增，()f x 无最值，根据幂函数性质可知满足题意的一个函数为()21f x x=-.故答案为：()21f x x =-（答案不唯一）16. 已知函数()21x f x x=+，则不等式()211f x -<的解集是____________.【答案】()0,1【解析】【分析】由题可得()f x 为偶函数，且在()0,∞+上单调递增，后利用()()f x f x =可得答案.【详解】因为()f x 的定义域为R ，且()()f x f x -=，所以()f x 是偶函数.的又当0x >时，()21x f x x =+2222211x x x+-==-++单调递增.因为()f x 是偶函数，所以()f x 在(),1-∞单调递减，又因为()11f =，所以()211f x -<()()211f x f ⇔-<211121101x x x ⇔-<⇒-<-<⇒<<.故答案为：()0,1.四、解答题：本题共6小题，共70分.解答应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤.17. 设全集U =R ，集合{}2680A x x x =-+=，31B x x ⎧⎫=<⎨⎬⎩⎭．（1）求()U A B ⋃ð；（2）设集合(){}233,C x x a a x a =+=+∈Z ，若A C 恰有2个子集，求a 的值．【答案】（1）(){03U A B x x ⋃=≤≤ð或}4x = （2）2或4．【解析】【分析】（1）解方程和不等式求出集合,A B ，再由补集、并集运算即可求解；（2）解方程求出集合C ,再通过a 的讨论即可求解.【小问1详解】2680x x -+=，解得2x =或4，则{}2,4A =；由31x<，解得0x <或3x >，则{0B x x =<或}3x >；所以{}03U B x x =≤≤ð，(){03U A B x x ⋃=≤≤ð或}4x =．【小问2详解】因为A C 恰有2个子集，所以A C 仅有一个元素．()()()23330x a a x x x a +=+⇒--=，当3a =时，{}3C =，A C ⋂=∅，不满足题意；当2a =时，{}2,3C =，{}2A C ⋂=，满足题意；当4a =时，{}4,3C =，{}4A C ⋂=，满足题意．综上，a 的值为2或4．18. 已知函数()1f x x x=+．（1）求证：()f x 在()0,1上单调递减，在()1,+∞上单调递增；（2）当1,22x ⎡⎤∈⎢⎥⎣⎦时，求函数()f x 值域．【答案】（1）证明见解析 （2）52,2⎡⎤⎢⎥⎣⎦．【解析】【分析】（1）根据函数单调性的定义，结合作差法，可得答案；（2）根据（1）的单调性，求得给定区间上的最值，可得答案.【小问1详解】证明：()12,0,1x x ∀∈，且12x x <，有()()()121221212121212121121211111x x x x f x f x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x ⎛⎫⎛⎫⎛⎫---=+-+=-+-=-+=-⋅ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭．由()12,0,1x x ∀∈，且12x x <，得210x x ->，1210x x -<，120x x >，所以()12211210x x x x x x --⋅<，即()()21f x f x <．所以()f x 在()0,1上单调递减．同理，当()12,1,x x ∈+∞，且12x x <，有()()()1221211210x x f x f x x x x x --=-⋅>．故()f x 在()1,+∞上单调递增．【小问2详解】由（1）得()f x 在1,12⎡⎤⎢⎥⎣⎦上单调递减；在[]1,2上单调递增．()12f =，()15222f f ⎛⎫== ⎪⎝⎭，所以()52,2f x ⎡⎤∈⎢⎥⎣⎦．故函数()f x 的值域为52,2⎡⎤⎢⎥⎣⎦．的19. 设函数()223y ax b x =+-+.（1）若关于x 的不等式0y >的解集为{}13x x -<<，求4y ≥的解集；（2）若1x =时，2,0,0y a b =>>，求14a b+的最小值.【答案】（1）{}1（2）9【解析】【分析】（1）根据不等式的解集得到方程的根，代入求出,a b ，从而解不等式求出解集；（2）先得到1a b +=，利用基本不等式“1”的妙用求出最小值.【小问1详解】由题知()2230ax b x +-+=的两个根分别是1-，3，则23093630a b a b +-+=⎧⎨+-+=⎩，解得1,4.a b =-⎧⎨=⎩故()2223234y ax b x x x =+-+=-++≥，2210x x -+≤，解得1x =.所求解集为{}1.【小问2详解】1x =时，2y =，即12++=a b ，所以有1a b +=，那么()1414a b a b a b ⎛⎫+=++ ⎪⎝⎭41459b a a b=+++≥+=，当且仅当41b a a b a b ⎧=⎪⎨⎪+=⎩，即1,323a b ⎧=⎪⎪⎨⎪=⎪⎩时，取等号.故14a b+的最小值为9.20. 已知集合(){}40A x x x =-≥，{}121B x a x a =+<<-．（1）若x A ∀∈，均有x B ∉，求实数a 的取值范围；（2）若2a >，设p ：x B ∃∈，x A ∉，求证：p 成立的充要条件为23a <<．【答案】（1）5,2⎛⎤-∞ ⎥⎝⎦（2）证明见解析【解析】【分析】（1）根据二次不等式，解得集合的元素，利用分类讨论思想，可得答案；（2）根据充要条件的定义，利用集合之间的包含关系，可得答案.【小问1详解】(){}(][)40,04,A x x x ∞∞=-≥=-⋃+．因为x A ∀∈，均有x B ∉，所以A B =∅ ．当2a ≤时，B =∅，满足题意；当2a >时，10214a a +≥⎧⎨-≤⎩，解得512a -≤≤，所以522a <≤．综上，52a ≤，即a 的取值范围是5,2⎛⎤-∞ ⎥⎝⎦．【小问2详解】证明：若p ：x B ∃∈，x A ∉为真命题，则p ⌝：x B ∀∈，x A ∈为假命题．先求p ⌝：x B ∀∈，x A ∈为真命题时a 的范围，因为2a >，所以B ≠∅，由p ⌝：x B ∀∈，x A ∈，得B A ⊆．则210a -≤或14a +≥，解得12a ≤或3a ≥，所以3a ≥．因为p ⌝：x B ∀∈，x A ∈为假命题，所以23a <<.综上，若2a >，则p 成立的充要条件为23a <<．21. 某市财政下拨专款100百万元，分别用于植绿护绿和处理污染两个生态维护项目，植绿护绿项目五年内带来的生态收益可表示为投放资金x （单位：百万元）的函数1y （单位：百万元）：12710x y x =+，处理污染项目五年内带来的生态收益可表示为投放资金x （单位：百万元）的函数2y （单位：百万元）：20.3y x =.设分配给植绿护绿项目的资金为x （单位：百万元），两个生态项目五年内带来的生态收益总和为y （单位：百万元）.（1）将y 表示成关于x 的函数；（2）为使生态收益总和y 最大，对两个生态项目的投资分别为多少？【答案】（1）27330(0100)1010x x y x x =-+≤≤+ （2）分配给植绿护绿项目20百万元，处理污染项目80百万元【解析】【分析】（1）由题意列式化简即可；（2）将原式变形构造成对勾函数，利用对勾函数的性质求最值即可.【小问1详解】若分配给植绿护绿项目的资金为x 百万元，则分配给处理污染项目的资金为()100x -百万元，∴272730.3(100)30(0100)101010x x x y x x x x =+-=-+≤≤++.【小问2详解】由（1）得27(10)2703(1010)2703(10)306010101010x x x y x x +-+-+⎡⎤=-+=-+⎢⎥++⎣⎦6042≤-=（当且仅当2703(10)1010x x +=+，即20x =时取等号），∴分配给植绿护绿项目20百万元，处理污染项目80百万元，生态收益总和y 最大.22. 设函数()()2*1488,,N f x mx m mn x m m n =+-++∈ .（1）若()f x 为偶函数，求n 的值；（2）若对*N n ∀∈，关于x 的不等式()0f x ≤有解，求m 的最大值.【答案】（1）2. （2）2.【解析】【分析】（1）根据函数为偶函数可得到14880m mn -+=，变形为714n m=+，结合*,1,N m n m ∈≥，即可确定答案.（2）根据对*N n ∀∈，关于x 的不等式()0f x ≤有解，可得22(1488)40m mn m ∆=-+-≥恒成立，结合二次不等式的解法，讨论n 取值，即可确定答案.【小问1详解】根据题意，函数()()2*1488,R,,N f x mx m mn x m x m n =+-++∈∈为偶函数，即满足()()f x f x -=，即()()22()1488()1488m x m mn x m mx m mn x m -+-+-+=+-++，R x ∈，则14880m mn -+=变形可得：714n m =+ ，又由*,1,N m n m ∈≥ ，则 101m<≤ ， 故77111711,44444n m <+≤<≤∴ ，又N n *∈ ，则2n = ；【小问2详解】根据题意，若对*N n ∀∈，关于x 的不等式()0f x ≤有解，由于*,N 0m m ∈>，则22(1488)416[(32)2][(42)2]0m mn m m n m n ∆=-+-=-+-+≥恒成立 ，当1n = 时，32(2)(1)0m m ∆=++≥ ，对*N m ∀∈都成立， 当2n =时，32(2)0m ∆=-+≥，解得2m ≤ ，又*N m ∈，则12m ≤≤ ，当3n ≥时，21232n n <-- ，则223m n ≤- 或 12m n ≥-,当 223m n ≤- 时，又由1m ≥，则n 只能取2，不符合题意，舍去，当 12m n ≥- 时，又由1m ≥，从3n =开始讨论:令1()2g n n =-,由于1()2g n n =-单调递减，故只需1(3)132m g ≥==-，此时m 的取值范围为[1,2] ；综上所述，m 的最大值为2.。

2023-2024学年度第一学期期中考高一语文试卷及答案2023-2024学年度高一期中考试语文试题及答案解析本试卷考试时间150分钟，满分150分注意事项：1.答题前，先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。

2.选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。

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4.考试结束后，请将本试题卷和答题卡一并上交。

一、现代文阅读(35分)(一)现代文阅读Ⅰ(本题共5小题，17分)阅读下面的文字，完成1～5题。

材料一：那些很容易被铭记的诗作，大都是有韵律的。

以现当代诗为例，那些广为流传的“名句”,其实大都在使用重复、对称这些最基本的韵律原则，比如：“轻轻的我走了，正如我轻轻的来;我轻轻的招手，作别西天的云彩”“黑夜给了我黑色的眼睛，我却用它寻找光明”“卑鄙是卑鄙者的通行证，高尚是高尚者的墓志铭”。

还有一些名句的韵律方式则近似于古典诗歌的韵律原则，比如海子那句广为人知的“面朝大海，春暖花开”,不仅有叠韵，而且讲究平仄，诗句读起来抑扬顿挫，与传统的律诗的声律非常相似，无怪乎这个诗句甚至成了很多房地产广告的标语。

但不容否认的事实是，这种讲究重复、对称等韵律原则的写法在当代中国诗歌创作中并不受欢迎，很多诗人避之唯恐不及，当代诗歌的可铭记性因此而不强。

从社会与文化的角度来看，这些韵律原则的兴起与流行往往与一个文化共同体的集体认知密切相关，或者说，它们本身就是集体记忆的化身。

古典诗歌的创作与阅读群体——“士”,即知识者与官僚群体——天然就是这样一个同质性的文化群体，所以在他们之中逐渐形成一些公共的韵律规则是没有太大问题的。

但是，现代中国的社会机构和教育制度都发生了巨大的变化，不仅知识分子在一定程度上被边缘化，而且诗歌本身也被边缘化，过去诗人与读者之间那种同质性的文化群体已不复存在，诗歌写作在很大程度上变成了一种私人性、个人化的写作行为，这导致的直接后果就是公共性的诗歌成规的消失。

高一语文第一学期期中考试卷（附答案）一、现代文阅读（36 分）（一）论述类文本阅读（本题共 3 小题，9 分）阅读下面的文字，完成1～3 题。

中国古典诗词是中华民族传统文化中的瑰宝，它以优美的语言、深刻的思想和丰富的情感，展现了中华民族的智慧和精神。

古典诗词不仅是文学艺术的珍品，也是中华民族文化传承的重要载体。

古典诗词的语言之美，在于其凝练、含蓄、富有节奏感和韵律感。

诗人通过精心选择字词，运用各种修辞手法，如比喻、拟人、夸张、对偶等，使诗词的语言生动形象，富有感染力。

例如，“忽如一夜春风来，千树万树梨花开”，诗人运用比喻的手法，将雪花比作梨花，生动地描绘了雪景的美丽。

古典诗词的思想之深，在于其对人生、社会、自然等方面的深刻思考和感悟。

诗人通过诗词表达自己的理想、抱负、情感和价值观，反映了不同历史时期的社会风貌和人民的生活状况。

例如，“安得广厦千万间，大庇天下寒士俱欢颜”，诗人杜甫表达了对穷苦人民的同情和对社会公平的向往。

古典诗词的情感之丰富，在于其能够触动人们的心灵，引起人们的共鸣。

诗人通过诗词表达自己的喜怒哀乐、爱恨情仇等情感，使读者在欣赏诗词的过程中感受到人性的美好和生命的意义。

例如，“问君能有几多愁，恰似一江春水向东流”，诗人李煜通过对愁绪的形象描绘，表达了自己内心的痛苦和无奈。

1. 下列关于原文内容的理解和分析，正确的一项是（3 分）A. 中国古典诗词只是文学艺术的珍品，不是中华民族文化传承的重要载体。

B. 古典诗词的语言之美在于其运用了比喻、拟人、夸张、对偶等所有修辞手法。

C. 古典诗词的思想深刻，能够反映不同历史时期的社会风貌和人民的生活状况。

D. 古典诗词的情感丰富，只能表达诗人自己的喜怒哀乐，不能引起读者共鸣。

2. 下列对原文论证的相关分析，不正确的一项是（3 分）A. 文章开篇提出中国古典诗词是中华民族传统文化中的瑰宝，然后从语言之美、思想之深、情感之丰富三个方面进行论述。

B. 文章在论述古典诗词的语言之美时，列举了“忽如一夜春风来，千树万树梨花开” 的例子，增强了说服力。