新托福考试阅读练习：身体曲线优美的女性更聪明长寿

TPO68 阅读-3 Research into Aging and Extending Life Span原文+译文+题目+答案+背景知识原文Research into Aging and Extending Life Span①The mounting evidence for age genes that influence the aging process is by no means conclusive , but it is quite impressive, coming from a variety of independent research from aging in worms and fruit flies to antioxidants and gene repair mechanisms, and human mutations. Still, the connections are circumstantial.②Christopher Wills, professor of biology at the University of California in San Diego, thinks that by 2025 science will likely isolate the mammalian age genes in mice. We share roughly 75 percent of our genes with mice and have much the same body chemistry; this is a strong reason to believe that an age gene found in mice could also be at work in humans. If such genes are located, the next step would be to find out if these age genes have their counterparts in humans. Wills believes that if they are found in humans, they may extend the human life span perhaps to 150 years.③But by 2020, when personalized DNA sequencing becomes widespread, a second tactic may prove fruitful as well. By analyzing populations of healthy individuals in their nineties and beyond, scientists will find it possible to use computers to compare their genetic backgrounds and cross-check for similarities in key genes that are suspected of influencing aging. A combination of studies on the DNA of long-lived animals and on the personalized DNA sequences of elderly individuals may considerably narrow down the search for the age gene.④As yet, none of these methods can prove that we can increase the human life span. Indeed, the only theory with a proven track record of extending the life span of animals is the caloric restriction theory, which states that animals which consume calories just above starvation levels live significantly longer than the average. Although this theory flies in the face of common sense (a well-fed animalis well nourished and healthy, and should have greater resistance to disease and aging), it has held up under repeated testing among a wide range of animals. Scientists have consistently increased the life span of rats and mice in the laboratory by 50 to 100 percent. It is the only laboratory-tested theory of age extension for animals that has held up under decades of careful scrutiny. Why?⑤Across the animal kingdom, the life span of animals is roughly inversely correlated to the metabolism rate. The slower their normal metabolism rate, the longer their normal life span. In 1996, in a study that reduced the calorie intake of 200 monkeys by 30 percent, the monkeys were shown to have a slower metabolism rate, a longer life span, and reduced rates of cancer, heart disease, and diabetes. “We have known for 70 years that if you feed laboratory mice less food, they age slower, they live longer, and they get diseases less frequently. We find that monkeys respond in the same way as rodents and that the same biological changes may be in play here,”says George Roth of the National Institute of Aging.⑥There is still room for scientific debate on the question “why?”Ron Hart, a scientist at the National Center for Toxicological Research, believes that the answer may tie in the high body temperature of mammals, and humans in particular. “Heat causes pieces of the DNA molecule to split off randomly, and it must be repaired,”Hart says. “Under calorie restriction, though, the engine runs cooler and there’s less damage. Merely reducing caloric intake by 40 percent reduced this form of spontaneous DNA damage almost 24 percent!”Furthermore, at a higher internal body temperature, oxygen is being burned at a greater rate, creating more free radicals, which also speed up the aging process. Cooling the body, on the other hand, increases the amount of antioxidants in the body. Hart found a fourfold increase in the enzyme catalase and a threefold increase in superoxide dismutase in animals on a restricted diet. “What’s fascinating," Hart concludes, “is that reduced food intake is the only experimental paradigm ever found that enhances DNA repair.”Hart is so convinced of the importance of this work that in 1993 he began the first systematic studies of caloric restrictions in humans.译文研究老化和延长寿命①虽然越来越多的关于影响衰老过程的衰老基因都不具结论性，但却令人印象深刻，这些证据来自各种独立的研究，从蠕虫和果蝇的衰老到抗氧化剂和基因修复机制，以及人类突变。

智课网TOEFL备考资料
新托福阅读真题100篇
摘要：考生复习托福阅读可以练习托福阅读真题，能够更加了解托福阅读的考试题型和考题难度，对于考生提高托福阅读水平有一定的帮助。

托福阅读是托福考试中出题量最大的科目，不少考生反应阅读难做。

小编建议考生在平时的复习中不妨多练习下托福阅读真题。

今天小编汇总了新托福阅读真题100篇，方便考生学习。

1. 树叶为何变颜色
2. 瑞典诺贝尔文学评委会
3. 民众抗命Civil Disobedience
4. 陨石坑Craters
5. 英法战争
6. 车票打孔与计算机雏形
7. 地衣LICHEN
8. 路易斯安娜洲购买后的皮毛买卖
9. 同步通讯卫星
10. 聊天对于南方女作家的社会影响
11. 睡眠
12. 人物(女)Amelia 和Muriel的男性化成长
13. 塑料
14. 芝加哥
15. 人物(男)雕塑家Frederic Remington
16. 动物身上为何不生出轮子
17. 树的生存方式
18. 摩天大楼—美国的特征
19. 加洲北水南调工程
20. 蜜蜂意识测试
21. Navajo人的起源
22. 为美国护士教育的抗争
23. 人物(女)建筑师Julia Morgan
24. 沼泽中的动物
25. 供求与市场价格
以上就是关于新托福阅读真题100篇的详细介绍，考生可以通过上方链接下载完整版托福阅读真题100篇进行练习。

完整版配有答案解析，考生答题完毕可以参照解析对题。

相关字搜索：新托福阅读真题100篇勤劳的蜜蜂有糖吃。

2023年托福考试阅读部分答案解析题目一题目：根据文章，下列哪个说法是正确的？A. 现代科技对环保运动起着积极的作用。

B. 现代科技对环保运动没有任何帮助。

C. 现代科技对环保运动起着消极的作用。

答案解析：根据文章内容可以得出，现代科技对环保运动起着积极的作用。

文章中提到了几个例子，如能源技术的进步使得可再生能源更加普及，科技的发展也带来了环保意识的提高等。

因此，选项 A 是正确的答案。

题目二题目：根据文章，下列哪个说法是正确的？A. 农业革命是人类历史上最重要的事件之一。

B. 农业革命对人类社会没有产生任何影响。

C. 农业革命带来了许多负面影响。

答案解析：根据文章内容可以得出，农业革命是人类历史上最重要的事件之一。

文章中提到了农业革命对于人类社会的影响，如人类开始定居，农业生产方式的改变以及对人类社会结构的影响等。

因此，选项 A 是正确的答案。

题目三题目：根据文章，下列哪个说法是正确的？A. 阅读是提高语言能力的最佳方式。

B. 阅读对语言能力没有任何影响。

C. 阅读只能提高词汇量，对语言能力的其他方面没有帮助。

答案解析：根据文章内容可以得出，阅读是提高语言能力的最佳方式。

文章中提到了阅读对于语言能力的多个方面都有积极的影响，如扩展词汇量，提高语法和语言结构的理解能力等。

因此，选项 A 是正确的答案。

总结根据以上题目解析，我们可以得出以下结论：- 现代科技对环保运动起着积极的作用。

- 农业革命是人类历史上最重要的事件之一。

- 阅读是提高语言能力的最佳方式。

这些都是根据文章内容得出的正确答案，希望对大家的托福备考有所帮助。

以上为本文档的全部内容。

引用内容请谨慎确认，不要引用未经证实的内容。

托福写作范文学习：长寿的秘诀导读：本文托福写作范文学习：长寿的秘诀，仅供参考，如果觉得很不错，欢迎点评和分享。

The causes of people's longevity todayIn general, people are living longer now. Discuss the causes of thisphenomenon. Use specific reasons and details to develop your essay.写作思路展开结构分析首先提供一份数据给大家参考：20世纪初全球平均年龄(life expectancy)大约45岁。

到20世纪末，这个数字已经增长到70岁左右。

考生可以结合这份数据来做一些文章。

然后要分析人们越来越长寿的原因，大家可以从这几点来展开：越来越好的饮食条件，饮食卫生，越来越科学的饮食模式;越来越发达的医疗技术、越来越完善的医疗保健系统;经济稳定、社会稳定。

举个极端一点的例子：前苏联(theprevious Soviet Union)解体(disintegration/breakup)后，俄罗斯的平均年龄大幅度下降。

本话题高分范文赏析Among various factors that contribute to today'slongevity of people arethree most obvious ones: the improvement of food conditions, the development ofmodern medical technology, and finally current stability of economy in ourcountry.Food conditions are better than before and are still being developed with arapid pace. First of all, foods are more hygienic. People today drink untaintedmineral water, sterilized skim milk, which are cheaply supplied in supermarkets.Furthermore, foods are more nutrient. Not to mention various carefully designednutrient products. People can just ignore the possibility of being dystrophic,since they can keep nutrient balance by simply taking a cheap pill of vitamincompound every day. Another essential improvement that contributes to people'slongevity is swiftly developing medical technology. Development of modernmedical technology has always been amazing. Certain diseases such astuberculosis, pneumonia, and dysentery are now easy to remedy with low expenses,but in the past, they are all probably lethal ones. The dental technology seemsdeveloped little except its exorbitantly charged bill, yet the simplesttechnology contributes to people's longevity most. It is not difficult toimagine that if an individual who lived in the past got a toothache, withoutcertain dental care which is common today, he was certainly in an awfulprospect: he might even die of a toothache!Current societal and economic stabilization is also a very indispensablefactor. People have less pressure in a more stable society, the less pressurethey suffer, the healthier they are. Today's ideal stabilization even providespeople an opportunity to secure their future—buy insurances.Various types ofinsurances are readily available, which make people feel safe, and have to alarge extent reduced people' anxieties, and therefore indirectly contributesignificantly to the longevity of people.。

最牛英语口语培训模式：躺在家里练口语，全程外教一对一，三个月畅谈无阻！洛基英语，免费体验全部在线一对一课程：/ielts/xd.html（报名网址）Business商业Physical attractiveness and careers体貌魅力和事业Don't hate me because I'm beautiful美丽不是错Attractive women should not include a photo with a job application魅力女性不应在其申请表中添加照片AT WORK, as in life, attractive women get a lot of the breaks.工作场和生活中一样，魅力女人总是占有优势。

Studies have shown that they are more likely to be promoted than their plain-Jane colleagues.研究表明，她们总是比相貌平平的同事更容易获得升职机会。

Because people tend to project positive traits onto them, such as sensitivity and poise, they may also be at an advantage in job interviews.因为人们倾向于将正向的优点投加到她们身上，比如敏感，镇静。

漂亮女人在工作面试中也处于优势地位。

The only downside to hotness is having to fend off ghastly male colleagues; or so many people think.热辣魅力十足的唯一不足就是她们不得不试图避开病态的的男同事;至少很多人这样认为。

But research by two Israelis suggests otherwise.但两位以色列学者的研究表明，情况恰恰相反。

新托福阅读考题回顾朗阁海外考试研究中心夏萍考试日期2015.07.04Passage 1Title: Elements of Life 生命的形成条件大致内容天体物理，生命的形成条件。

文章首先讲到地球上生命所需要的元素，有重金属和氢氦等轻原子，重元素是由于碰撞散落到星球上的，因此有的古老的星球因为那时还没有碰撞，所以上面的生命都不含重元素。

大多数生命都是以碳为基础的。

解析：本文属于生物类文章，关注生命起源。

该话题一直是新托福考试的常考话题，从最早的经典加试就开始考查了。

对于起源类别的文章，多从进化原因或者过程方面来写，而本文选取的角度是生命元素。

生物类学科常伴有很多生僻的学科词汇，从考生回忆来看，本文出现了很多元素相关的偏难生僻词汇，所以在平时的训练以及做题过程中，都需要克服生僻学科词汇带来的挑战。

Passage 2Title: Termite Species 白蚁种类大致内容白蚁分为两种，primitive的和advanced的。

primitive的白蚁有两个特点，和寄生在其中的fungi以及居住形式有关。

advanced的白蚁有三个特点，可以在air情况下把周边的fungi种在植物上，在air环境中分解，而且它们会在这之前分泌物质保护植物不受bacteria的侵蚀。

解析：本文属于生物类文章，关注的是具体的物种白蚁。

本文属于典型的分类对比型文章，分别讨论了两种不同白蚁的特点，最后一题是七选五，也就是表格题，在解题时需要区别不同白蚁的特征。

Passage 3Title: Agriculture奥斯曼帝国的农业发展大致内容奥斯曼帝国的农业发展。

农业发展主要依赖于三个原因。

一是城乡之间的交流，城市中的需求量增加，而且铁路船只更加便捷。

二是leader要求他们以cash的方式缴税，所以他们要加大export来换取cash。

三是他们自己消费的增长。

最后一段说irrigation和modern tool同样促进了农业的发展，但是没有开垦荒地贡献得多。

2024托福考试阅读理解历年题目综合解析近年来，全球范围内的留学热愈演愈烈。

而作为留学申请的重要组成部分，托福考试备受关注。

其中，阅读理解部分一直是考生们的重点和难点。

为了帮助考生们更好地备考2024年托福考试，本文将综合解析历年阅读理解题目，以期为考生提供有效的备考参考。

1. 生态学与环境保护题目背景：生态学在环境保护中起着重要的作用。

了解生态学的相关概念和原理对于解决环境问题具有重要意义。

以下是一道关于生态学的阅读理解题目。

题目内容概述：根据所提供的文章，回答问题或选择正确的选项。

文章摘录：生态学是一门研究生物与环境相互关系的学科，旨在揭示不同生物种群及其栖息地之间的相互作用。

生态学的核心理论包括食物链、能量流动、物种多样性等。

生态学的研究有助于我们理解环境变化对生物群落和生态系统的影响。

解析和思路引导：考生需要理解生态学的定义和重要概念，如生物和环境的相互关系以及相关理论。

通过阅读文章，选手可以获得与生态学相关的知识，并据此回答问题。

2. 文学与历史题目背景：文学作为人类文明的一部分，与历史密不可分。

通过阅读具有历史背景的文学作品，我们可以更深入地了解某一时期的社会风貌、人们的思想与情感。

以下是一道关于文学与历史的阅读理解题目。

题目内容概述：根据所提供的文章，回答与文学与历史有关的问题或选择正确的选项。

文章摘录：文学作品往往可以反映出特定历史时期的社会背景和人们的情感状态。

例如，19世纪末的作家笛福通过其小说《鲁滨逊漂流记》，揭示了当时英国的殖民主义思潮与人类文明的冲突。

通过这样的作品，我们可以更深入地了解当时的历史背景和社会动态。

解析和思路引导：考生需要通过阅读文学作品和相关文章，了解文学与历史之间的密切关系。

掌握小说、戏剧等文学体裁以及相关背景知识，可以帮助考生回答与文学与历史有关的问题。

3. 科学与技术题目背景：科学与技术的快速发展改变了人们的生活方式和社会结构。

对于当代社会而言，了解科学与技术的相关知识显得尤为重要。

GRE阅读材料练习：要相信自己的身体很棒You can. But it helps to think well of yourself in thefirst place.THE link between mind and body is terrain into which many medical researchers, fearing ridicule, dare not tread.But perhaps more should do so.For centuries, doctors have recognised the placebo effect, in which the illusion of treatment, such as pills without an active ingredient, produces real medical benefits.你能够拥有很好的体魄。

但首先，你要自我感觉好，这会有协助的。

很多医学研究者都不敢探究躯体和心理的关系，因为他们害怕，踏进这个领域会受人嘲笑。

但也许，研究这方面的人应该多一些才好。

几个世纪以来，医生已逐渐认可了安慰剂效应。

因为患者会产生错觉，认为自己在接受治疗。

比如，服用无活性成分的药片也能产生实际疗效。

More recently, respectable research has demonstrated that those who frequently experience positive emotions live longer and healthier lives.They have fewer heart attacks, for example, and fewer colds too.Why this happens, though, isonly slowly becoming understood.What is needed is an experiment that points out specific and measurable ways in which such emotions alter an individual's biology.根据最近的可靠的研究表明，平时积极乐观的人会活得更长久、更健康。

时文阅读|雌性哺乳动物更为长寿的秘密在人类社会，女性的平均寿命普遍要比男性长，一种说法是因为男性的新陈代谢速度要比女性快。

如今，科学家们在野生哺乳动物身上也发现了相同的现象，即雌性动物的寿命普遍比雄性动物长，这又是因为什么呢？阅读短文并回答问题An international team of scientists studying lifespans（寿命）of wild mammals have found that, just like humans, females tend to live significantly longer than their male counterparts.The researchers looked at the lifespans of 101 different species, from sheep to elephants, and found that females lived an average of 18% longer than males for more than 60% of the species studies. In humans, females tend to live around 7.8% longer.The study, led by scientists at University Lyon 1 and published in the journal, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, found this was not due to the sexes aging at different rates but thatfemaleshad an average lower risk of mortality（死亡率）in adulthood than males. It was unclear from the data as towhy females survive longer than males, however, the authors suggest that it could be due to complex interactions between the local environmental conditions and sex-specific costs of reproduction. Professor Tamás Székely, from the University of Bath, was one of the authors of the study. He said, “We’ve known for a long tim e that women generally live longer than men, but were surprised to find that the differences in lifespan between the sexes was even more pronounced in wild mammals than in humans.This could be either because females are naturally able to live longer, or that female mortality drops compared with males.”For example, lionesses live at least 50% longer in the wild than male lions. Female lions live togetherin a pride, where sisters, mothers and daughters hunt together and look after each other, while adult male lions often live alone or with their brother and therefore don’t have the same support network. Another possible explanation for the sex difference is that female survival increases when males provide some or all of the parental care. This is also true in birds. Giving birth and caring for young becomes a significant health cost for females and so this cost is reduced if both parents work together to bring up their offspring（后代）.1. What do the numbers in paragraph 2 show?A. The result of the study.B. The impact of the study.C. The process of the study.D. The purpose of the study.2. What makes females live longer according to the study?A. Males are not born to live longer.B. Males have higher risk of mortality.C. Females age more slowly than males.D. Females are easier to adapt to environment.3. Why do male lions live shorter than females?A. Male lions are not welcomed by their family.B. Female lions don’t need to feed their children.C.Male lions have to look after the whole family.D. Female lions get more support from their family.4. What is the last paragraph mainly about?A. The explanation of parental care.B. The significance of sex difference.C. The breeding ways of birds.D. The health cost of females.【参考答案】ABDC单词学习1. counterpart n. 对应的人或物The Foreign Minister held talks with his Chinese counterpart. 外交部长与中国外交部长举行了会谈。