全新版大学英语综合教程2英语复习笔记

李荫华《全新版大学英语综合教程》考研复习笔记与真题Unit 1一、词汇短语Text Aoff and on 断断续续地；有时take hold 生根，确立associate [E5sEuFieit] v.联想；使联合；交往，结交n.合作人，同事adj.副的；联合的【例句】I always somehow associate Chatterton with autumn.我总把查特顿与秋天联想在一起。

【词组】be associated with与…联系associate oneself with投身于…，参加到…中去【派生】associated adj.关联的；联合的association n.协会，联盟，社团；联合；联想associability n.可联想性；交感性assignment [E5sainmEnt] n.分配，委派，任务【例句】Fast as you do, you can’t finish the assignment in two hours.尽管你做得快，总也不能在两小时内将功课做完。

turn out制造；关灯；结果是；出席（某项活动）paragraph [5pArE^rB:f] n.段，节；小新闻，短评【例句】Read from book, starting at the second paragraph.念书，从第二段开始。

agony [5A^Eni] n.苦恼，极大的痛苦（肉体或精神上的极度痛苦；死前挣扎的痛苦）【例句】The wounded man was in agony.受伤的人很痛苦。

【词组】in agony 痛苦不堪assign [E5sain] vt.分配，指派；指定（时间、地点等）；（分派的）任务【例句】The hardest work was assigned to the strongest laborers.最繁重的工作分配给最强壮的劳工。

【词组】assign sb to sth 指定某人做一工作或任一职务；委派，选派某人【派生】assignable adj.可分配的；可指定的；可让渡的assignment n.分配；任务；作业；功课anticipate [An5tisipeit] vt.预感，期望；占先，抢先；提前使用【例句】We anticipate hearing from you again.我们期待再接到你们的来信。

Dalian Polytechnic UniversityNew College English 2 Words Unit1-Unit6For English Class Ax2013/11/61Unit 1style ,n 行为方式，风格 bustle ,vi 忙碌，奔忙 bustling ,a 繁忙的，熙攘的 elementary ,a 基本的，初级的 telling ,a 难忘的，有力的 lobby ,n 大堂，大厅 attach ,vt 系，贴，连接 attendant ,n 服务员，侍者，随从 slot ,n 狭缝，狭槽vigorously ,ad 用力的，精力充沛的 vigorous ,atender ,a 年幼的，温柔的 bang ,v 敲击，猛击 exploratory ,a 探索的 harmless ,a 无害的 phenomenon ,n 现象 initial ,a 开始的，最初的 assist ,v 帮助reposition ,vt 改变…的位置 insert ,vt 插入，嵌入 somewhat ,ad 有点，稍微 expectantly ,ad 期待地 await ,vt 等待，等候 occasion ,n 时刻，场合 frown ,v&n 皱眉 neglect ,vt 忽略parental ,a 父的，母的，父母的 incident ,n 事件relevant ,a 有关的，切题的 investigate ,v 调查，探究 creativity ,n 创造力 anecdote ,n 趣闻，轶事 colleague ,n 同事desirable ,a 值得向往的，称心的 accomplish ,vt 完成（某事） accomplishment ,n 造诣，才艺，完成，成就sympathetically ,ad 同情地 sympathetic ,acritical ,a 至关重要的，危急的effectively ,ad 有效地 effective ,aprincipal ,a 主要的，首要的 rear ,vt 养育，抚养 misdeed ,n 不端行为 creative ,a 创造的 retrospect ,n 回顾 artistic ,a 艺术的well-intentioned ,a 好意的 intention ,n 意图observer ,n 观察者，观察员 clumsily ,ad 笨拙地 clumsy ,afacility ,n 熟练，灵巧，设备，设施 gentleness ,n 轻柔，优雅 mold ,vt 塑造performance ,n 行为，表现，表演，演出tradition ,n 传统continual ,a 不断的，一再重复的 apply ,vi 适用，申请 calligrapher ,n 书法家 craft ,n 手艺，工艺 reversal ,n 颠倒priority ,n 优先考虑的事，重点 bold ,a 勇敢的，大胆的 departure ,n 背离，出发，离开 inseparable ,a 不可分离的 evolve ,v （使）逐步发展 summarize ,vt 总结，概述 originality ,n 新颖，独创性 independence ,n 独立，自主 contrast ,v 差异，对比 harbor ,vt 怀有fearful ,a 害怕的，担心的 comparable ,a 类似的，可比的 promote ,vt 促进，推进 emerge ,vi 出现overstate ,vt 将…讲得过分，夸大 enormous ,a 巨大的technological ,a 技术的，工艺的 innovation ,n 革新，新事物exaggerate ,v 夸大，夸张 breakthrough ,n 突破 valid ,a 有根据的 foster ,vt 培养 worthwhile ,a 值得的 superior ,a 优良的，较好的 account ,n 账户，描述，记述 notion ,n 观念，想法 furthermore ,ad 此外，而且 intend ,vt 打算 swallow ,vt 吞下，吞没compound ,a 复合的,vt 使复合，使合成defect ,n 缺陷，缺点 scheme ,n 计划，方案，阴谋 consumption ,n 消费（量） appall ,vt 使惊骇 video ,n&a 录像（的） resource ,n 财力，资源 deposit ,n 存款 pace ,n 速度 annual ,a 每年的allowance ,n 零用钱，津贴 withdrawal ,n 提款 operation ,n 运行，运转 protest ,v 抗议，反对 percentage ,n 百分比，百分率 fund ,n 存款，基金，专款 feature ,n 特征 permission ,n 许可 incentive ,n 刺激，鼓励 buck ,n （一）美元additional ,a 附加的，另外的 cajole ,vt 劝说 geode ,n 空心晶体球 crack ,v （使）裂开，破裂 undoubtedly ,ad 无疑，必定 shrewd ,a 精明的，机灵的 adopt ,vt 采纳，采取 perspective ,n 视角，观点2Unit 2ringer ,n 摇铃人，敲钟人confront ,vt 摆在…的面前，正视，应对doorway ,n 门道，门洞 donation ,n 捐款，捐赠物 donate ,vt kettle ,n 水壶，锅 stand ,n 架，台，座 confusion ,n 困惑 curiosity ,n 好奇心 stammer ,v 结结巴巴地说 no-no ,n 禁忌的事 deny ,vt 否定，否认 bracket ,n 等级，档次 whim ,n 冲动，突然的念头 attain ,vt 获得，达到 dependable ,a 可靠的 primarily ,ad 主要地minimal ,a 极小的，最低限度的 exceptionally ,ad 罕见地，非凡地 exceptional ,aenergize ,vt 使精力充沛 cherish ,vt 关爱，珍惜 poetry ,n （总称）诗，诗歌 fabricate ,vt 虚构，捏造 tickle ,vt 逗乐，瘙痒逗笑 vital ,a 极其重要的well （-）off ,a 富裕的，有钱的 emotional ,a 感情上的 pursuit ,n 追求，寻求 dated ,a 陈旧的，过时的 seemingly ,ad 表面上，看上去 abrupt ,a 突然的，意外的 jolt ,v 使震惊memorable ,a 值得纪念的，难忘的 consequence ,n 结果，后果 item ,n 一条，一项，一件 commercial ,n 商业广告,a 商业的 high-end ,a 高档的，高端的 focus ,v 将（注意力等）集中于,n重点，焦点 affluent ,a 富裕的 apron ,n 围裙economically ,ad 经济上，节省地，节约地economical ,a 节省的，节约的 genuine ,a 真正的linger ,vi 长时间持续，磨蹭，拖延 countless ,a 不计其数的 individual ,n 个体，个人sentiment ,n 祝愿，祝辞，情绪，态度bless ,vt 祈求上帝保佑 thankful ,a 感激的，庆幸的 tangible ,a 有形的，可触摸的 mansion ,n 豪宅，大厦dime ,n （美国，加拿大的）10分硬币discount ,n 折扣billionaire ,n 亿万富翁，大富翁 folk ,n(usu,pl)人们 local ,a 本地的，当地的 corporate ,a 大公司的 memo ,n 备忘录 mayor ,n 市长 blend ,v 混合 barber ,n 理发师 employee ,n 雇员 celebrity ,n 名人 rank ,v 排列，排名 rally ,n 大会，集会 liable ,a 可能，会 loyalty ,n 忠诚 system ,n 系统，设备 court ,n 球场 cultivate ,vt 培养reward ,vt 奖赏（某事，某人） stun ,vt 使震惊generosity ,n 慷慨，大方 employer ,n 雇主3Unit 3location ,n 位置 fast-food ,a 供应快餐的 guitar ,n 吉他 dumb ,a 愚蠢的，哑的 unison ,n 一致，齐唱，齐奏 consist ,vi 组成，构成 squat ,vi 蹲 palm ,n 手掌 yeah ,ad yestypical ,ad 有代表性的，典型的 assure ,vt 向（某人）保证，使确信 fade ,vi 褪色，变暗淡，逐渐消失 suspense ,n 悬念 bet ,vt 确信，敢肯定sweetheart ,n 亲爱的，男（女）朋友simultaneously ,ad 同时地 simultaneous ,aprom ,n （高中或大学的）班级舞会 oops ,int 哎呦 clench ,vt 咬紧，握紧monotone ,n （语调色彩等）单调 hysterical ,a 歇斯底里的glorious ,a 极好的，辉煌的，光荣的dessert ,n 甜点心 recipe ,n 烹饪法，秘诀 community ,n 社区，社会 welfare ,n 福利，幸福 mumble ,v 含糊地说exhaust ,vt 使精疲力竭，用完，耗尽repeatedly ,ad 反复地 scheme ,n 阴谋，诡计，计划 jut ,v （使）突出，伸出 jerk ,vt 猛地一扭 frank ,a 坦白地，直率地 humiliate ,vt 羞辱，使丢脸 interference ,n 干涉，干扰 constant ,a 持续的，不变的dread ,n 畏惧，恐怖 patience ,n 耐心，忍耐 proof ,n 证据，证明 vaccination ,n 疫苗，接种 vaccinate ,vt 为（某人）接种疫苗 talented ,a 有才能的，天才的 talent ,n 才能，天才 twist ,v 转动，扭曲，扭伤 junior ,a 较年幼的，地位较低的 angel ,n 天使 gap ,n 差异，缺口 comment ,n 评论，评述 chatter ,vi 唠叨，喋喋不休 define ,vt 表明，给…下定义 spur ,vt 使发生，促进，鼓励 alike ,a&ad 同样的（地），相似的（地）automobile ,n 汽车 shuttle ,v 穿梭，往返运送 era ,n 时代，纪元 virtual ,a 虚拟的distinctly ,ad 清楚地，清晰地 popularity ,n 普及，流行 trend ,n 趋势，潮流 impact ,n 强烈的影响 mobile ,a 活动的，可移动的 minus ,n 缺点，负号 zone ,n 地区，地带 consume ,vt 消耗，花费 gulf ,n 隔阂，鸿沟，海湾 clueless ,a 不了解的，不知情的 opportunity ,n 机会，时机 alienate ,vt 使疏远 dynamic ,n 动态，动力 unfold ,vi 展开，发展prompt ,n 促使（某人做某事） interview ,vt 面谈，采访，面试 version ,n 版本，改变形式 decode ,vt 解…的密码 alert ,vt 使警觉 relate ,vi 理解，认同 etiquette ,n 礼仪remark ,v 评论，发表意见 enforce ,v 强制执行4Unit 4virtual ,a 虚拟的，实质上的 accent ,n 口音interpret ,v 理解，解释，（作）口译 clipped ,a 发音快而清脆的 tone ,n 语气，口气，腔调 fluid ,a 不稳定的，可变得,n 液体 stretch ,v 拉长，伸展 telecommuter ,n 远程工作者 edit ,vt 编辑via ,prep 通过，借助于 Internet ,n 互联网 groceries ,n 食品杂货 data ,n 数据 spit ,vt 吐出symptom ,n 征兆，症状 aversion ,n 厌恶，烦感 socialize ,vi 社交，交际critic ,n 评论家，对…持批评态度的人nightmare ,n 噩梦 crawl ,vi 爬行，缓慢移动 interaction ,n 交往，相互作用 cyber-interaction ,n 通过网络交往 conversely ,ad 相反地 underwear ,n 内衣 jar ,v 使感到不快，使震惊 suck ,v 吮，吸 opera ,n 歌剧 angle ,n 角度，立场bad-tempered ,a 坏脾气的，易怒的temper ,n 情绪insensitive ,a 感觉迟钝的，麻木不仁的sensitive ,a 敏感的 remark ,n 言辞,v 说，评说 project ,v 以为别人也有（与自己相同的情绪）misinterpret ,vt 错误地理解 cue ,n 提示，暗示doggedly ,ad 顽强地routine ,n 例行事务，日常工作，惯例co-worker ,n 同事 long-term ,a 长期的 unemployment ,n 失业 employment ,n 就业externally ,ad 从外面，在外面 external ,n 外面的，外部的 abuse ,n 滥用，虐待 crime ,n （犯）罪 suicide ,n 自杀 restore ,vt 恢复 arrange ,vt 安排 flee ,v 逃走，逃离 gym ,n 体育馆，健身房 appointment ,n 约会 laughter ,n 笑，笑声 intolerable ,a 无法容忍的 unbearable ,a 不能容忍的 click ,v （使）发咔嗒声，用鼠标点击，,n 点击，咔嗒声 modem ,n 调制解调器 annoying ,a 讨厌的，恼人的 annoy ,vt 使恼怒 connection ,n 连接 tune ,n 曲子，调子 password ,n 口令，密码 household ,n 一家人，家庭 intense ,a 认真的，紧张的 worldwide ,a&ad 全世界的，在全世界范围内 scatter ,vt 散布 outwards ,ad 向外 inwards ,ad 向内vehicle ,n 传播媒介，交通工具 liar ,n （惯于）撒谎的人 denial ,n 否定，不给overnight ,ad 一整夜，一夜间 reasonable ,a 合情合理的 tendency ,n 倾向overlook ,vt 没有注意到，忽视nutter ,n 疯子，怪人nerd ,n 不善交际的家伙，怪人 slip ,vi 溜（走），溜（进） horror ,n 惊恐，恐怖 plot ,n 情节 axe ,n 斧子 imitate ,vt 模仿5Unit 5sweat ,vi 出汗 towel ,n 毛巾 pole-vault ,n 撑杆跳 grace ,n 优美，优雅gymnast ,n 体操家，体操运动员 mere ,a 仅仅，只不过 fantasy ,n 幻想numerous ,a 许多的，无数的 excitement ,n 兴奋，激动 passion ,n 热情 recur ,vi 再来，在发生 outrun ,vt 跑得比…快，超过 locomotive ,n 机车，火车头 soar ,vi 高飞，翱翔，骤升，猛增 eagle ,n 鹰coincide ,vi 同时发生，一致 hard-core ,a 顽固不化的 core ,n 核心 realist ,n 现实主义者 motto ,n 格言，座右铭 weightlifting ,n 举重 alternate ,a 交替的，轮流的 coach ,n 教练dedication ,n 奉献，献身 dedicate ,vt 献身于，致力于 chore ,n 家庭杂物 vain ,a 虚荣的，自负的 bar ,n 横杆，条，块inflate ,v （使）充气，（使）膨胀 mat ,n 垫子，席子unaware ,a 不知道的，未意识到的 competitor ,n 竞争者，对手 emotion ,n 激情，感情，情绪 groan ,vi 叹息，呻吟 finger-tipped ,a 用手指尖的 push-up ,n 俯卧撑 runway ,n 跑道 startle ,vt 使大吃一惊 bale ,n （一）大捆，（一）大包 hay ,n 干草intensity ,n 强烈，剧烈，紧张 anxiety ,n 忧虑，担心 tension ,n 紧张，不安 tense ,a （令人）紧张的 upper ,a 上部的 breeze ,n 微风，轻风 deafen ,vt 使聋 sprint ,vi 疾跑，冲刺take-off ,n 起跳，（飞机）起飞 effortless ,a 容易的，不费力气的 motion ,n 运动，移动 eruption ,n 爆发 erupt ,vi 爆发 thump ,n 重击（声） hug ,vt 拥抱congratulate ,vt 祝贺 media ,n 大众传播媒介 sponsorship ,n 资助，赞助 sponsor ,n 资助者，赞助者vt 资助，赞助incline ,v （使）倾向于 athlete ,n 运动员horrible ,a 恐怖的，可怕的 progressive ,a 进行性的，循序渐进的aid ,n&v 帮助，援助 install ,vt 安装，安置 optimistic ,a 乐观的 utterly ,ad 完全地，绝对地 disillusion ,vt 使幻想破灭 cripple ,n 残废者miserable ,a 凄惨的，痛苦的 philosophy ,n 人生观，哲学 dismiss ,vt 摒除，排除，解除…的职务horn ,n （汽车）喇叭 crutch ,n 拐杖bundle ,vt 包好，裹严实 tilt ,v （使）倾斜 interval ,n 间隔 slam ,n （门）砰的关上 merry ,a 欢乐的penetrate ,vi 穿透，刺入，被充分领悟bolt ,n 螺栓，插销 trait ,n 个性特征overflow ,v 从…溢出，泛滥 selfishness ,n 自私 pray ,vi 祈祷，祈求awareness ,n 认识，了解，意识 shortcoming ,n 缺点，短处6Unit 6miniature ,a 极小的，微型的n 微型器物，微缩模型 herd ,n 兽群，牧群 pony ,n 小型马，矮种马 doll ,n 玩偶，洋娃娃hard-pressed ,a 处于困境的，遭受强大压力的playroom ,n 儿童游戏室 tomboy ,n 假小子，顽皮女孩 ironic ,a 颇有讽刺意义的，令人啼笑皆非的mechanical ,a 机械（方面）的，机械般的，呆板的convert ,v （使）转变，（使）转化 guzzle ,v 猛吃，狂欢gas-guzzling ,a 大量耗费汽油的，用油特多的SUV 运动型多用途汽车hybrid ,a 混合的，杂种的n 混合型机器，杂交动植物multivariable ,a 多变量的，多元的 calculus ,n 微积分distinguish ,v 辨认出，分辨 transmission ,n （机器或汽车上的）传动装置，变速器，传输 alternator ,n 交流发电机 mechanic ,n 机修工，技工 opener ,n 开启工具，开瓶器，开罐器crave ,v 渴望得到decent ,a 像样的，相当好的，得体的shudder ,v 颤栗，（因恐惧或厌恶而）发抖imply ,v 暗示，含有…的意思 abnormal ,a 不正常的，变态的 stumble ,v 绊了一下，跌跌撞撞而行 grit ,v 咬紧 algebra ,n 代数indication ,n 迹象，表示 retake ,v 重考，补考panic ,n 惊慌，恐怖v 使惊慌失措 buzz ,v&n （作）嗡嗡声 fluorescent ,a 发荧光的 estrogen ,n 雌性激素 thermodynamics ,n 热力学 femininity ,n 女性气质 faulty ,a 有缺陷的 premise ,n 前提 cultural ,a 文化（上）的 infant ,n 婴儿，幼儿 videogame ,n 电子游戏incredibly ,adv 极其，非同一般地 incredible ,a 令人惊讶的，难以置信的flexible ,a 灵活的，有弹性的 leap ,n&v 跳，跳跃selective ,a 仔细挑选的，有选择的 anew ,a 重新，再 bout ,n 一阵party ,vi （在社交聚会上）尽情欢乐 undergraduate ,n （大学）本科生 journalist ,n 记者 Lord ,interj 天啊 crisis ,n 危机，紧要关头 plead ,v 提出…为借口，恳求 renew ,vt 重新开始，使恢复 positive ,a 肯定的，确信的 steel ,v 使（自己）坚强supportive ,a 给予帮助的，提供支持的outsider ,n 局外人semester ,n 一学期，半学年 expense ,n 花费，费用 stir ,vt 搅动，搅拌 plentiful ,a 丰富的，多的 snap ,n 轻而易举的事 realization ,n 认识，领悟 breezy ,a 有微风的。

全新版大学英语第二版综合教程笔记Unit4Unit 4 Book 1Detailed ReadingI. Difficult Sentences1.“I mow your lawn,” he said. (Para. 2)How many times is the sentence —“I mow your lawn.” —repeated in the text? Why is it repeated?(The sentence is repeated four times. That’s because it shows T ony’s determination in finding a job, and his optimistic view that people would help a man who needed a job.)2.Well, what do you do with such determination and hope? (Para. 12)Paraphrase the sentence.(It is hard to refuse a person who is determined and hopeful to get a job.)3.My wife and I were delighted with what we felt was a satisfying end of the story. (Para. 16)1) Paraphrase the sentence.(My wife and I were happy with what Tony had achieved, and thought that the whole thing had thus been settled.)2) Was Tony satisfied with this end?(Tony was not satisfied. He kept on working hard until he fulfilled his better dreams.)4.From then on, it was interesting to see that any discarded odds and ends around our place —a broken screen, a bit of hardware, boards from packing — T ony would gather and take home. (Para. 21)1) Why did Tony take home the discarded odds and ends?(Tony bought a house, which was a complete wreck. To fixand decorate it, and, above all, to save money, he took home the discarded odds and ends.)2) Translate the sentence into Chinese.(从那以后，只要我家附近有什么被人扔弃的零星杂物，坏了的屏风啦，五金器具啦，包装纸板啦，托尼都要收起来拿回家，看他这个样子真是有意思。

UNIT 1①课文重点句1.But one of the most telling lessons Ellen and l got in the difference between Chinese and American ideas of education came not in the classroom but in the lobby of the Jinling Hotel where we stayed in Nanjing.然而,我和艾伦获得的有关中美教育观念差异的最难忘的体验并非来自课堂，而是来自我们在南京明间寓居的金陵饭店的大堂。

2.He probably got as much pleasure out of the sounds the key made as he did those few times when the key actually found its way into the slot.他从钥匙声响中得到的乐趣大概跟他偶尔把钥匙成功地塞进槽口而获得的乐趣一样多。

3.I soon realized that this incident was directly relevant to our assigned tasks in China: to investigate the ways of early childhood education (especially in the arts), and to throw light on Chinese attitudes toward creativity.我很快意识到，这件小事与我们在中国要做的工作直接相关：考察儿童早期教育（尤其是艺术教育）的方式，揭示了中国人对创造性活动的态度。

4.我的中国同行，除了少数几个人外，对此事的态度与金陵饭店工作人员一样。

With a few exceptions my Chinese colleagues displayed the same attitude as the staff at the Jinling Hotel.5.但关键在于，在这个过程中，我们试图让本杰明懂得，一个人是能够很好地自行解决问题的。

UNIT 7Language sense enhancementTwo centuries ago an English judge in India noticed that several words in Sanskrit closely resembled some words in Greek and Latin. A systematic study revealed that many modern languages descended from a common parent language, lost to us because nothing was written down.Identifying similar words, linguists have come up with what they call an Indo-European parent language, spoken until 3500 to 2000 B.C. These people had common words for snow, bee and wolf but no word for sea. So some scholars assume they lived somewhere in north-central Europe, where it was cold. Travelling east, some established the languages of India and Pakistan, and others drifted west toward the gentler climates of Europe. Some who made the earliest move westward became known as the Celts, whom Caesar’s armies found in Britain.Vocabulary1)Strictly speaking, he is not a southern. His biography reveals that, though born inthe south, he spent a good part of his childhood year in New England.2)Right after spring festival, millions of young people drifted from the countryside to the cities to look for work and explore the world.3)It is obvious that Tom resemble his father both in appearance and in character.4)There is clear evidence that Japan committed many serious crimes against the Chinese people when it invaded China during the Second World War.5)Medical scientists expect it will believe many years before cancer is conquered.6)The novel has a fascinating plot. This explains why it has remained number one on the best-seller list for so long.7)He must have been very busy these days. He dose not go out for lunch but eats a snack in the office.8)To settle the controversy, we have to put all these different theories into practice to see which one works better.9)The information is supposed to have come from a reliable source.10)We rarely have such terrible weather. The climate here is usually very mild and everything thrives in this region.11)People felt relieved when the invaders finally put down their arms and surrender.12)Our suspicions were first aroused when the two other parties made a deal behind our backs.Translation1) 自从新政策生效之后，很多小企业在这个城市涌现出来。

Unit One Ways of LearningText A Learning, Chinese-StyleLanguage Focus1. attach: fasten or join (one thing to another) (used in the pattern: attach sth. to sth.)Examples: Scientists discovered they could measure wind speed by attaching a wind meter toa kite and sending it up.Attached to this letter you will find a copy of the document you asked for.四级大纲中动词后跟to 的类似词组还有：adapt…to使适应于add…to加到……上adjust…to(使) 适应于admit to承认agree to同意(某一建议、安排等) amount to总计达, 相当于, 等于apologize to向(某人)道歉appeal to向……呼吁; 诉诸于; 对……有吸引力apply to向(某人)申请attend to处理, 料理; 照顾, 照料belong to属于challenge…to向……挑战, 要求(比赛、决斗等)communicate…to向……传达compare…to把……比作confess to承认, 忏悔confine…to把……限制在consent to同意, 答应contribute to捐献, 捐赠; 有助于correspond to 相当于; 相符, 符合devote…to为……而奉献entitl e…to给……权利(或资格) lead to(路等)通向; 导致limit…to把……限制到object to反对occur to被想到, 出现在脑海中owe…to把……归功于prefer…to喜欢……胜过……propose to向……求婚react to对……作出反应refer to提到, 涉及; 查阅, 参考relate to有关, 涉及reply to对……作出回答resort to诉诸, 求助于respond to回答, 响应see to处理stick to坚持; 忠于, 信守subject to使遭受, 使服从submit to服从, 听从surrender to投降, 屈服turn to找(某人寻求帮助等) yield to投降, 让步2. not in the least: not at allExamples; I am not in the least touched by the Marilyn Monroe kind of beauty.Ann didn't seem in the least concerned about her study.3. find one's way: reach a destination naturally; arrive atExamples: Shanghai is not an easy city to find your way around.Drunk as he was, Peter still found his way home.Similar phrases:struggle one’s way; elbow one’s way; make one’s way; push one’s w ay, etc.4. phenomenon: (pl. phenomena) sth. that happens or exists and that can be seen or experiencedExamples: Hurricanes are a relatively common phenomenon in the Caribbean.Stress-related illness is a common phenomenon in big cities.Thunder and lightening are natural phenomena.5. Initial: of or at the beginning, first (adj., used only before n.)Examples: If a car suddenly pulls out in front of you, your initial reaction may include fear and anger.Their initial burst of enthusiasm died down when they realized how much work the job involved.6. assist: help (used in the pattern: assist sb. to do sth., assist sb. with sth.)Examples: The professor was assisting his students to prepare their project.The college student decided to assist the boy with his study.Word choice: help, assist, give/lend a hand, help out, come to sb’s aid/assistance, aid, give/send aidHelp and assist can both describe people or institutions helping each other do a job. However, assist is more formal and often suggests that the person assisting is doing a simple or unimportant part of what has to be done, e.g.My company assists businesses in all their office cleaning requirements.You will assist the administrative officer with day-to-day organization.In more informal English people often use give/ lend a hand or help out, especially where there is something practical to do and not enough people to do it:Can you give me a hand with the drinks?I sometimes lend a hand / help out at eh old folk’s home.If someone is in danger or trouble, you may help them or more formally come to their aid/ assistance:My car’s broken down, can you help?If you get into difficulties, the lifeguard will come to your assistance.If a person, charity, or government helps with money or other necessary things, aid (formal)or often give/ send aid may be used; help would be used informally:Many projects are aided by Oxfam.Aid will be sent to the area as soon as possible.Please help the homeless.7. insert: put, fit, place (in, into, between)Examples: Wait for a couple of minutes with your mouth closed before inserting the thermometer.The doctor carefully inserted the needle into my left arm.8. somewhat: to some degree, a little Examples:It is reported that conditions in the village have improved somewhat since November.____ "Are you concerned about your exam results?"____ "Somewhat."9. await: (fml) wait forAwait is a fairly common word in formal writing, but you do not usually use it in conversation.Instead you use "wait for." Examples:We must await the results of field studies yet to come.After I sent the letter asking for a job, I had nothing to do but await the answer.10. on occasion: now and thenExamples'. I was usually the only foreign participant, although on occasion I brought other Americans in as guests.Steve spent almost all his time doing his research, but, on occasion, he would take his son tosee a film.11. neglect: give too little attention or care toExamples: He gave too much attention to his career, working long hours and neglecting his wife.Their investment turned out to be a failure and the manager was accused of neglecting his duties.Cf.: ignore: pay no attention to sb./sth. on purpose, or as if sth. has not happenedExample: I said "Good morning" to her, but she just ignored me and walked on.12. relevant: directly connected with the subject (followed by to , opposite irrelevant) Examples:Only a few people feel the debate about the cloning of human beings is relevant to their daily lives.While writing my term paper I was able to borrow all the relevant books from the school library.13. investigate: try to find out information about (used in the pattern: investigate sth., investigate +wh-clause) Examples:Police are still investigating how the car accident happened.We can assure you that your complaint will be fully and properly investigated.14. exception: sb./sth. that a comment or statement does not apply to Examples:Normally, parents aren't allowed to sit in on the classes, but in your case we can make an exception.We feel that all the students in this class, with one or two exceptions, support the educational reforms.Without exception all our youngsters wanted to leave school and start work.When you are mentioning an exception, you often use the expression "with the exception of”.Example: We all went to see the film, with the exception of Otto, who complained of feeling unwell.15. on one's own: 1) without anyone's helpExamples; You needn't give me any help. I am able to manage on my own.There are jobs your child can do on her own.2) aloneExamples: The child was left on her own for hours as her mom had to deal with the emergency.I'd rather not go to dance on my own. I do wish you'd come with me.四级大纲中以on 开始的类似词组还有:on a large (small) scale大（小）规模地on account of由于，因为on an/ the average平均，通常on behalf of代表，为了on board在船（车、飞机）上on business因公，因事on condition that如果on duty当班，值班on earth究竟，到底on fire起火，着火on foot步行on guard站岗，值班on hand在场，在手边on one’s guard警惕，提防on purpose故意，有意on sale出售；廉价出售on schedule按时间表，准时on second thoughts经重新考虑，继而想on the contrary正相反on the grounds of根据，以……为理由on the point of即将……的时候on the road在旅途中，在……过程中on the side作为兼职，作为副业，正事以外on the spot在场，到场；马上，当场on the whole总的来说，大体上on time准时16. accomplish: manage to do (sth.)Examples: Unless you practice you'll accomplish nothing.Considering their capacity, the possibility of accomplishing the task is not high.If I work hard, I think I can accomplish my goal of getting 6 A's at the end of the semester. 17. in due course: at the proper time; eventuallyExamples'. Your book will be published in due course.Be patient. You'll get your promotion in due course.18. critical: 1) very importantExamples; Environmentalists say a critical factor in the city's pollution is its population.How well you accomplish this task will be critical to the success of your career.2) very serious or dangerousExamples: In yesterday's car accident, ten people were killed and five people are still in a critical condition.As the situation in Afghanistan became critical, the UN Secretary-General appointed a special representative to tackle it.19. principal: adj. (rather fml) main, chiefExamples; The couple's principal concern is to earn enough money to send their children to school.Her principal interest in life was to be a world-renowned pianist.n. The principal of a school or college is the person in charge of it.Example: Complaints from the students began arriving at the principal's office.Cf.: principle (see Confusable Words p.16 )A principle is a basic rule that explains or controls how something works or a guiding rule for behaviour.Examples: These machines work on the same principle.Mr. Ward is a man of high principles.20. make up for: repay with sth. good, compensate forExamples'- I didn't travel much when I was younger, but I'm certainly making up for lost time now.Her husband bought her a present to make up for quarreling with her the day before.21. in retrospect: on evaluating the past; upon reflectionExamples: The young man knew in retrospect that he should have married his first love Emily.In retrospect, I wish that I had chosen biology as my major.四级大纲中以in 开始的类似词组还有:in a sense从某种程度上，从某点上看in any case/ event无论如何，不管怎样in brief简单地说in common共同的，共有的in consequence因此，结果in debt 欠债，欠情in detail详细地in difficulty处境困难in effect实际上，事实上in favor of支持，赞成in general一般来说，大体上in hand在进行中，待办理in honor of为庆祝，为纪念in itself本质上，就其本身而言in line成一条直线，成一排in line with与……一致；与……符合in memory of纪念in no case无论如何不，决不in no time立即，马上in no way 决不in order按顺序，按次序；整齐in part部分地in particular特别，尤其in person亲自，本人in place在合适的位置in place of代替，取代，交换in practice在实践中，实际上in proportion to与……成比例in public公开地，当众in quantity大量in question正在谈论的in regard to关于，至于in relation to有关，与……相比in return作为报答in sight看得见，被见到；在望，在即in step齐步，合拍；一致，协调in tears流着泪，在哭着in the course of在……期间, 在……过程中in the event of如果……发生, 万一in the face of 不顾, 即使; 在……前面in the least丝毫, 一点儿in (the) light of鉴于,由于in the way挡道, 妨碍人的in the world究竟, 到底in touch 联系, 接触in vain陡然, 白费力22. extreme: very greatExample: The girls were afraid of snakes and walked along the mountain trail with extreme caution.n. the furthest possible limit, an extreme degreeExample: I know I always say that you eat too much, but there is no need to go to the other extreme.(phrase: go to extremes: do sth. so much, state sth. so strongly, that people consider your actions unacceptable and unreasonableExamples: John went to such extremes to get his promotion that everyone at the office hates him now.The film is not very good, but some critics have gone to extremes, saying it is the worst of the decade. )23. performance: 1) the standard achieved by a person or group of people in carrying out a particularjob or activityExamples: The athlete was awarded $10,000 for his good performance in the Olympics.After several bad performances, the soccer team found their form again.2) sth. performed in front of an audience, e.g. a play, a dance or other entertainmentExamples; Stevie Wonder fought back from the shadow of death and went on to give more performances.His performance in the new production of Hamlet received much praise.24. so much so that: to such an extentExamples; Americans treat their children as separate individuals, so much so that someone who remains dependent on their parents longer than the norm may be thought to be "immature."Some parents spoil their children, so much so that they never ask them to do an studying.25. Continual: happening again and again, repeatedExamples: The construction of the airport continued despite continual complaints from local residents.The dog's continual barking disturbed the whole neighborhood.Word choice: continual(ly), continuous(ly)Continual describes separate actions (often annoying actions you do not like) which are repeated over a period of time, e.g. :These continual interruptions are driving me mad.She’s continually flying off to different places.Continuous especially describes things and events that go on without a break, e. g. : The police formed a continuous line round the building.This product is the result of years of continuous development.We landed after flying continuously for 16 hours.26. apply: 1) be relevant (to sb./sth.); have an effect (used in the pattern: apply to sb./sth.)Examples: The new pension arrangements won't apply to people born before 1960.The advice given by the professor only applies to some of the college students.2) write a letter or fill in a form in order to ask formally for sth. (used in the pattern: applyfor sth., apply to do sth.)Examples: How many jobs had you applied for before you were offered this one?We went to the sports club so often that we decided that we might as well apply to join.27. work on/at: try hard to achieve or improve (sth.)Examples: Sophia needs to work at/on her typing speed.John came back ahead of time to continue working on his thesis.28. priority: 1) sth. that one must do before anything elseExamples: Being a qualified teacher is her first priority.Earning enough money to maintain his family is a high priority.2) sth. that holds a high place among competing claimsExamples: The school will give priority to English and computer studies.The proposals deserve support as they give priority to the needs of children.6页29. evolve: (cause to) develop gradually (followed by into/from)Examples; The story evolves into a violent tragedy.Popular music evolved from folk songs.As knowledge of genetic engineering evolves, beliefs change.If you want to be a poet, you must evolve your own style of writing.30. summarize: make a short account of the main points of (sth.)Examples: Basically, the article can be summarized in three sentences.The workers' demands can be summarized as follows: shorter hours and more pay.31. contrast: compare (two people or things) so that differences are made clear (used in the pattern:contrast A and/with B)Examples; Carrie contrasted the situation then with the present crisis.Students were asked to contrast Ernest Hemingway with Mark Twain.n. action of contrastingExamples: I was always reading when I was a kid, but my daughter, in contrast, just watches TV all day.In contrast to the hot days, the nights are bitterly cold.32. on the one hand ... on the other hand: to introduce two contrasting circumstancesExamples: On the one hand her temper was likely to cause trouble, but on the other hand we needed her expertise.On the one hand, we have good reason to feel pleased with our progress. On the other hand, we mustn't get complacent.33. promote: help to grow or developExamples: You don't have to sacrifice environmental protection to promote economic growth.Regular exercise will help promote physical and mental health.34. emerge: come out (followed by from)Examples: The postman emerged from his van soaked to the skin.The magician emerged from behind the curtain.n. emergence (pay attention to the difference between emergence and emergency)35. pick up: gain, learnExamples: He picked up quite a lot of English during his one-year stay in America.I had picked up a bit of data-processing from my son.36. enormous: extremely large (same as huge, immense)Examples: Catherine inherited an enormous fortune from her parents.The New Year's concert was an enormous success.37. exaggerate: make (sth.) seem larger, better, etc. than it really isExamples; In her resume, she has clearly exaggerated her talents a little.— "I am bleeding to death!"— "Don't exaggerate — it's only a little cut."Peter says he's seen "Titanic" at least 20 times but I think he's exaggerating.38. assuming (that):You use assuming that when you are considering a possible situation or event, so that think about the consequences.Examples: Assuming that we all work at the same rate, we should be finished by January.Assuming that this painting really is a Van Gogh, how much do you think it's worth?39. valid: based on truth or sound reasoningExamples; They put forward many valid reasons for not building the skyscraper.It is valid to consider memory the oldest mental skill.Scientific theories must be backed up with valid evidence.40. worthwhile: worth doing, worth the trouble takenExamples: It might be worthwhile to consider buying an insurance policy.A trip to the museum is always worthwhile.Teaching is considered a worthwhile job.Cf.: worth: prep. & n.7页Worth is common only after the verb to be and after words for amounts of something, e.g.How much is the ring worth?The picture is worth about two thousand pounds.The balance sheet will not show the current worth of the company.Dick cashed about a tho usand pounds’ worth of travelers cheques.There ‘s about a week’s worth of work left.41. superior: better than average or than others of the same type (followed by to )Examples: Long-term stock market investments have produced superior returns compared with cash deposits.The woman was greatly superior to her husband in education.四级大纲中形容词原形后跟介词to 表示比较的形容词(这类词来自拉丁语系) 还有:inferior, senior, junior, prior, etc. e.g. :Your thesis is superior to mine.She is three years senior to me.Text B Children and Money1.account: n . 1) an arrangement that you have with a bank to pay in or take out money, e.g.My salary is paid directly into my bank account.current account (BrE), checking account (AmE) 往来帐户，活期户（往往无利息）deposit account（可拿利息但需事先通知方可提取的）存款帐户savings account储蓄存款帐户（利息比deposit account 要高）credit account(BrE), charge account(AmE)（商店的）信用帐户expense account（有老板支付的）旅差费帐户2) description; a written or spoken description which gives details of an eventThere were several different accounts of the story in the newspapers.David gave us a vivid account of the his trip to Rio.her fascinating first-hand account of the Chinese Cultural Revolution2.furthermore: (sentence adverb) fml in addition to what has already been said; moreoverFurthermore, my aim is to provide the best service possible under these difficult circumstances.I suggest we go to the Italian restaurant--- it’s very good and furthermore it’s very cheap.3.intend: have something in your mind as a plan or purposeI didn’t intend her to see the painting unti l it was finished.He was insulted by my remark, but I hadn’t intended it to be offensive.It is intended that all new employees well receive appropriate training.4.access: n 1) the way by which you can enter a building or reach a placeAccess is by means of a small door on the right.Access to the restrooms is through the foyer.2) the right to do sthThe public don’t have access to the site.Access to the papers is restricted to Defense Department personnel only.My ex-husband has access to the children once a week.5.plus. prep. with the addition ofThree plus six equals nine.The unit deals with all lung and heart conditions, plus many other lesser ailments.6.devise: to plan or invent a way of doing something, especially something complicated and clever.She devised a method for quicker communications between offices.She is very good at devising language games that you can play with students in class.7.resource. (usu. pl) 1) something such as land, minerals, or natural energy that exists in a countryand can be used to increase its wealth:Canada’s vast mineral resourcesBritain’s mineral resources include oil, coal and gas deposits.8页2) all the money or property , skills etc that you have available:We must make the best possible use of our limited financial resources.A big company like IBM have huge resources of money and skill.8.keep track of : follow the development of ; keep in touch withIt’s difficult to keep track of all the new discoveries in genetics.I always make sure I keep track of all the money I spend.9.deposit: n. a sum of money paid into a bank accountWe put down a deposit on a house last week.You’ll have to pay one month’s rent in advance, plus a deposit of $500.v. (fml) to put many in to a bank accountyou are advised to deposit your valuables in the hotel safe.If you deposit 20% now, you can pay the rest when the car is delivered.10.pace: n. speed or rate of development, movement etc.The troops marched at a steady pace.The pace of change in Eastern Europe has been breathtaking.Pensions and benefits have failed to keep pace with the rate of inflation.11.annual: adj. Happening or done every year or once a yearan annual conferenceSteel output reaches an annual figure of one million tons.Companies publish annual reports to inform the public about the previous year’s activities.12.protest: vi. Express strong disagreement or disapproval about sth.Several demonstrators protesting against cuts in health spending were arrested.All through the trial he protested his innocence, insisting he had not robbed the shop.13.fund: (usu. pl) sum of money saved or for a particular purposeThe hospital has set up a special fund to buy new equipment.She has a fund of knowledge about modern jazz.14.on demand: when demandedBabies should be fed on demand.The notes entitles the bearer to $20 on demand.15.from one’s point of view: from a particular way of thinking about or judging a situationFrom a purely environmental point of view, this is not a good decision.I respect your point of view, but I really don’t ag ree with you.16.fall apart: break, fall to piecesThese toys aren’t well made—they come/fall apart far too easily.17.end up (doing sth): find oneself in a situation that is not intended or expectedShe’ll end up penniless if she caries on spending as much as t hat./After working her way around the world, she ended up teaching English as a foreign language. 18.undoubtedly: certainlyIt is undoubtedly the best film of this year.Of course, she is good at her job--- that is undoubtedly true.19.adopt: take and use as on e’s ownDr. Kenney has been adopted as the party’s candidate for South Cambridge.Roz has adopted one or two funny mannerisms since she’s been away.She adopted Indian dress during her stay in the country.The party has adopted a more pragmatic approach towards arms reduction.20.perspective: n. a particular way of thinking about sth.Her attitude lends a fresh perspective to the subject.During the novel, there is a shift in perspective from an adult’s view of events to a child’s view.Due to its geographica l position, Germany’s perspective on the situation in Eastern Europe is rather different from Britain’s.Unit 2 ValuesText A The Richest Man in America, Down HomeUseful Expressions9页1. a little dime store 廉价商店2. discount chain store 打折的连锁店3. get away with 过着安稳的日子4. wait in line 排队5. blend in 融洽6. throw one’s weight around 盛气凌人7. hold firm to 遵守8. folksy habits 平民习惯9. steer clear of something 避开10 cut prices and margins to the bone 让利11 the stingy employer 吝啬的雇主12 a company handout 公司的宣传册Unit 3 The Generation GapText A Father Knows BetterLanguage Points1. Father/Dad, you know better than that: know better, to be wise or well-trained enough (not to) Shewas old enough to know better than to take sweets from a stranger.2. … at tempts which somehow or other always end up embarrassing them:/to be in the enda) He ended up (as) head of the firm.b) We set off for London but ended up in Paris.c) We didn’t like it at first, but we ended up cheering.3. Then he got a job at this fast-food place, OK? Waiting tables:“wait”, usu. a intransitive verb, buthere, it is seemingly used as a transitive one. However, when it is used as “to serve meals, esp. asa regular job”, it is more likely to be “wait at table (BrE)”, or “wait on table(AmE)”. So, weguess here it is an informal usage for that phrase.4. And I assure you that if there are any subjects that need to be addressed, Sean and I will have aman-to-man talk.Address:a) to direct speech or writing to (a person or group) The Secretary had to address a hostile crowdof workers.b) to direct (speech or writing) to a person or group She addressed her remarks particularly tothose people in the area of earthquake.5. Overall, I wouldn’t trade my dad for anyone else’s: exchange sth. for sth.6. Well, whatever it is, dear, don’t keep us in suspense: keep/leave sb. in suspense, delay telling sb.what they are eager to know Highly skilled story teller can keep his audience in suspense to the end of his performance.7. (Stage whis per to SEAN) Something Diane won’t want to know, I’ll bet.stagea) to perform or arrange for public show to stage a play/an art show/a charity football gameb) to cause to happen (esp. for public effect or draw someone’s attention) The union staged aone-day strike. The Japanese staged an unexpected attack on the American fleets in Pearl Harbor.8. My treat, I told him. And of course, he was glad to accept.treat, stand someone a treata) Something that gives great pleasure or delight, esp. when unexpected He took his son to thezoo as a birthday treat.b) Something that the stated person will pay for, for other people This meal is my treat, so putyour money away.9. (Very short with her)I’m sorry: short (with), rudely impatient I was rather short with you on thephone this morning --- I was rather busy at that time. He was very short-tempered.10. Diane, what has come over you? I just don’t understand the you nger generation. come over sb: (a10页sudden strong feeling) take hold of (someone)The old man fainted when the rage came over him. A wave of terror came over her when the siren sounded.Text B When Father Doesn’t Know Best1. embrace vt. n. 拥抱e.g. They embraced (each other) on the station platform.They greeted each other with a warm embrace..2．respond vi. 回答，答复；（to）做出反应，响应e.g. To every question the police officer asked, he responded“I don’t know.”How did she respond to the news?3．contrary a. (to)相反的，对抗的n. (the --)相反，相反事物to the contrary 相反的（地）on the contrary正相反e.g. “If I don’t hear to the contrary (=If I’m not told that the arrangements have been changed )I’ll see you at ten.”“Didn’t you find the film exciting?” “On the contrary, I nearly fell asleep half waythrough it.”4．notion n. 概念，观念；意图，想法，（怪）念头e.g. The programme makers reject the notion that seeing violence on television has a harmfuleffect on children.这个节目制作者拒绝接受在电视上观看暴力行为会对儿童产生不良影响的观点。

读写译（二）Unit 1 笔记1. in the late 1960s 20世纪60年代后期in the early 1960s ……早期in the mid-1960s = in the middle ofthe 1960s ……中期2. culture n. 文化cultural a. 文化的cultured a. 有文化的，有教养的3. debut [‘deibu:] a. 第一次的debut album 首张唱片4. be in tune with the time 适合时代潮流be out of tune with…与……格格不入in tune 和调—out of tune 跑调，走调change one’s tune 改变态度dance to one’s tune 亦步亦趋5. be an instant hit 轰动一时make a hit 获得成功6. seek-sought-sought7. code n. 密码，代码post code 邮编；规则；法典，法规8. live by 靠……生活live on 靠……生活；以…为食feed on；继续活下去go on living（on的本义）live with = put up with 忍受，容忍live through度过~ a hard time ；经受live out （比预期）多活了（几天）e.g. The patient lived out another 2 days .；住在外面live up to 实践，做到，不辜负~one’s expectation 不辜负某人的期望live high 过奢侈生活Live and learn. 活到老，学到老。

As I live,……表强调，的确indeed , really9. survey （n. 重音在前v. 重音在后）调查；眺望，俯视convey v. 传达，运送conveyance n.10. curriculum=course 课程11. the way to do = the way of doingthe method of doingthe approach to doing (best)12. educator n. 教育工作者educationist=educationalist教育工作者，教育家13. rather than ①而不是instead of = not②而不愿would …rather than …/ prefer to …rather than …other than ①除了except②不同于different frome.g. My idea is quite other than yours.14. kindergarten 幼儿园elementary school = primary school = grammar school = grade school 小学（4）middle school = high school = secondary school 中学（3）junior middle / high school 初中senior middle / high school 高中college / university / institute 大学15. not …but …不是…而是…not that …but that …= not because … but because …16. antenna n. 天线article n. 物品，物件parental a. 父母的注意读音17. attach v. fasten or joinattach sth to sthbe attached to 附属，喜爱e.g. I’m greatly attached to my work .attach importance to ……重视an attached middle school 附属中学attachment n.18. initial a. 首先的of / at the beginning ；首字母的n. 首字母v. 草签（协议）initiate v. 创始，发动createinitiative n. 主动性have the initiative 掌握主动take the initiative in / by doing 带头做(do sth) on one’s own initiative = actively 主动地19. on occasion 有时= now and then = occasionallyon the occasion of 在……之际e.g. on the occasion of (= at)sb’s wedding / partyon one occasion = once 一次on many occasions 很多次take the occasion to do借此机会（官腔）20. a wedding ring 结婚戒指an engagement ring 订婚戒指21. neglect n.v. 忽视neglect to doneglect one’s meals and sleep废寝忘食be neglectful ofCF: neglect, ignore, omitneglect （心上）对职责，义务的忽视neglect one’s duties 玩忽职守neglect traffic regulations 违反交规ignore （眼上）故意不理会，置之不理ignorance n. ignorant a.pay attention of = take notice of 注意omit 失误，疏忽，删除22. 以–mit 结尾的动词变为名词变化形式常类似 e.g. permit –permission admit –admission omit –omission 23. not in the least = not at all = not a bit一点也不not a little = very 许多24. relevant a. 有关的，相关relatedbe relevant to 反义irrelevant relevance(cy) n. have relevance to25. case 案件evidence u. proof c. 证据26. investigate vt. vi. investigate into investigator n. 调查员investigation n.on investigation 经过调查under investigation 在调查中make an investigation on / of / into做关于……的调查No investigation , no right to speak .没有调查就没有发言权。

Unit 5 Book 1Detailed ReadingI. Difficult Sentences1.He was a perfect Type A, a workaholic, a classic, they said to each other and shook their head — and thought for five or ten minutes about the way they lived. (Para. 2)2.What is a perfect Type A？3.(People exhibiting Type A behaviour tend to be impatient and highly time-conscious. Often as high-achieving workaholics, they feel insecure about their social status and are extremely competitive and aggressive.)4.He was, however, one of six vice-presidents, and one of three who might conceivably — if the president died or retired soon enough — have moved to the top spot. (Para. 3)5.What is the implied meaning of the sentence？6.(He was one of the six vice-presidents of a large corporation and one of the three promising candidates who might succeed to the position of the president.)7.He worked like the Important People. (Para. 4)8.What can you infer from the sentence？9.(He voluntarily worked overtime because all the executives in the company considered themselves too important a group to be allowed to ease up.)10.`11.He had no outside “extracurricular interests,” unless, of course, you think about a monthly golf game that way. To Phil, it was work. (Para. 4)12.For what purpose did he play golf monthly？13.(The monthly golf game offered him a good opportunity to talk or do business.)14.He is survived by his wife, Helen, forty-eight years old, a good woman of no particular marketable skills, who worked in an office before marrying and mothering. (Para. 7)15.Translate this sentence into Chinese.16.(他的遗孀海伦，四十八岁，一个好女人。

Unit1Ways of LearningⅡ.Words and Expressions1.(L.7)attach:vt.fasten or join(one thing to another)*She attached an antenna to the radio.天线(=A tag was attached to each article.)Pattern:attach sth.to sth.be attached to sth.2.(L.21)initial:adj.of or at the beginning;first最初的会谈是后来达成协议的基础。

(=The initial talks were the base of the later agreement.)*the initial letter of a word一个词的首字母3.(L.25)await:vt.wait for*He was anxiously awaiting her reply.他早就期待着这个时刻了。

(=He has long awaited this moment.)4.(L.25)on occasion:now and then*It has,on occasion,created trouble for the bank.你有时使人们感到诧异。

(=You have on occasion surprised people.)CF:on occasion&on the occasion of这两个词组非常相似，但意思不同。

on occasion有时，间或。

on the occasion of在…之际。

*on the occasion of sb.'s wedding5.(L.26)neglect:vt.give too little attention or care to*neglect one's meals and sleep离开时别忘了锁门。

Detailed ReadingI. Difficult Sentences1.Until then I’d been bored by everything associated with English courses. (Para. 1)What can we infer from this sentence?(Up to then, Baker had had no interest in things related to English courses.)2.I hated the assignments to turn out long, lifeless paragraphs that were agony for teachers to readand for me to write. (Para. 1)Paraphrase the sentence.(I found it painful to write long, boring essays as required by teachers; neither did teachersenjoy what I wrote.)3.another cheerless year in that most tedious of subjects (Para. 2)What can we learn from this phrase?(We can know from this phrase that before Mr. Fleagle became Baker’s English teacher, all English courses were dull.)4.I prepared for an unfruitful year with Mr. Fleagle and for a long time was not disappointed.(Para. 3)What does the author really mean when he says “I ... was not disappointed”?(He means that his expectation was right that Mr. Fleagle’s lessons were dull.)5.I took the list home and did nothing until the night before the essay was due. Lying on the sofa,I finally faced up to the unwelcome task, took the list out of my notebook, and scanned it. (Para.3)1) What can we infer from these sentences?(Baker was unwilling to write his essay.)2) List phrases to support your inference.(did nothing until … the essay was due; faced up to the unwelcome task.)6.This title produced an extraordinary sequence of mental images. (Para. 4)Paraphrase the sentence and translate it into Chinese.(At the sig ht of the title I saw an unusual series of pictures in my mind’s eye.这个题目在我脑海里唤起了一连串不同寻常的图像。

UNIT 11.被系在⋯上be attached to⋯2.探索行为exploratory behavior3.偶尔on occasion4.父母的责任parental duties5.揭示，阐明throw light on6.最终目的an ultimate purpose7.要做的动作desired action8.所希望的结果desirable outcome9.关键critical point10.育儿观value of child rearing11.弥补某种错误行为making up for a misdeed12.回想起来in retrospect13.善意的well-intentioned14.前来帮助某人come to sb.’ s rescue15.极其熟练、温和地with extreme facility and gentleness16.适用于apply to17.发展到evolve to18.发展创造力promote creativity19.值得追求的目标worthwhile goalsOne way of summarizing the American position is to state that we valueoriginality and independence more than the Chinese do. The contrast betweenour two cultures can also be seen in terms of the fears we both harbor. Chinese teachers are fearful that if skills are not acquired early,they may never be acquired; there is, on the other hand, no comparable hurry to promote creativity.American educators fear that unless creativity has been acquired early, it maynever emerge; on the other hand, skills can be picked up later.美国人的立场可以概括起来这么说，我们比中国人更重视创新和自立。

Unit59The runway felt different this time. It startled him for a brief moment. Then it all hit him like a wet bale of hay. The bar was set at nine inches higher than his personal best. That's only one inch off the National record, he thought. The intensity of the moment filled his mind with anxiety. He began shaking the tension. It wasn't working. He became more tense. Why was this happening to him now, he thought. He began to get nervous. Afraid would be a more accurate description. What was he going to do? He had never experienced these feelings. Then out of nowhere, and from the deepest depths of his soul, he pictured his mother. Why now? What was his mother doing in his thoughts at a time like this? It was simple. His mother always used to tell him when you felt tense, anxious or even scared, take deep breaths.10 So he did. Along with shaking the tension from his legs, he gently laid his pole at his feet. He began to stretch out his arms and upper body. The light breeze that was once there was now gone. He carefully picked up his pole. He felt his heart pounding. He was sure the crowd did, too. The silence was deafening. When he heard the singing of some distant birds in flight, he knew it was his time to fly.Uint78 Two centuries ago an English judge in India noticed that several words in Sanskrit closely resembled some words in Greek and Latin. A systematic study revealed that many modern languages descended from a common parent language, lost to us because nothing was written down.9 Identifying similar words, linguists have come up with what they call an Indo-European parent language, spoken until 3500 to 2000 B.C. These people had common words for snow, bee and wolf but no word for sea. So some scholars assume they lived somewhere in north-central Europe, where it was cold. Traveling east, some established the languages of India and Pakistan, and others drifted west toward the gentler climates of Europe. Some who made the earliest move westward became know10 New words came with the Germanic tribes -- the Angles, the Saxons, etc. -- that slipped across the North Sea to settle in Britain in the 5th century. Together they formed what we call Anglo-Saxon society.11 The Anglo-Saxons passed on to us their farming vocabulary, including sheep, ox, earth, wood, field and work. They must have also enjoyed themselves because they gave us the word laughter.。

Unit 6 Book 1Detailed ReadingI. Difficult Sentences1.He looked for the girl whose heart he knew, but whose face he didn’t, the girl with the rose.(Para. 2)1) Paraphrase the sentence.(He tried to find the girl who shared many of his views, interests and feelings but who he had never met before. The girl was supposed to wear a rose at their first meeting.)2) Translate the sentence into Chinese.(他在寻找一位姑娘，一位佩戴玫瑰的姑娘。

他知其心，但不知其貌。

)2.Each letter was a seed falling on a fertile heart. (Para. 4)Paraphrase the sentence.(Each letter from one would bring forth a warm response from the other as a seed falling on fertile soil is likely to grow into a plant.)3.I’d always be haunted by the feeling that you had been taking a chance on just that, and thatkind of love would disgust me. (Para. 4)1) Why is the past perfect continuous tense used in the sentence?(To show that this action took place earlier than “you fell in love with me on seeing my picture”.)2) Translate the sentence into Chinese.(我将会一直深感不安，惟恐你只是因为我的容貌就贸然与我相爱，而这种爱情令我憎恶。

Unit 1Ways of LearningVocabularyI1.1)insert5)initial9)is awaiting2)on occasion6)phenomena10)not; in the least3)investigate7)attached11)promote4)In retrospect8)make up for12)emerged2.1) a striking contrast between the standards of living in the north of thecountry and the south.2)is said to be superior to synthetic fiber.3)as a financial center has evolved slowly.4)is not relevant to whether he is a good lawyer.5)by a little-known sixteen-century Italian poet have found their way intosome English magazines.3.1)be picked up; can’taccomplish; am exaggerating2)somewhat; the performance; have neglected; they apply to3)assist; On the other hand; are valid; a superiorII1.1)continual3)continual2)continuous4)continuous2.1)principal4)principles2)principal5)principal3)principleIII1.themselves 4.itself2.himself/herself 5.ourselves3.herself/by herself/on her own 6.yourself/by yourself/on your own Comprehensive ExercisesI. cloze1.(1)contrast(3)priority hand(2)exaggerating(4)on the other(5) promoting(6)pick up(9)occasion(12) superior(7)assist(10) neglecting(8)accomplish(11) worthwhile2.(1)end(5)equipped(9) definitely(2)perform(6)designed(10) quality(3)facing(7)approach(4)competent(8)restII. translation1.(1)It takes an enormous amount of courage to make a departure from thetradition.(2)Tom used to be very shy, but this time he was bold enough to give aperformance in front of a large audience.(3)Many educators think it desirable to foster the creative spirit in the childat an early age.(4)Assuming this painting really is a masterpiece, do you think it ’s worthwhileto buy it(5) If the data is statistically valid, it will throw light on the problem we areinvestigating.2.To improve our English, it is critical to do more reading, writing, listening and speaking. Besides, learning by heart as many well-written essays as possible isalso very important. Without an enormous store of good English writing in your head you cannot express yourself freely in English. It is also helpful to summarize ourexperience as we go along, for in so doing, we can figure out which way of learning is more effective and will produce the most desirable result. As long as we keepworking hard on it, we will in due course accomplish the task of mastering English.Unit 2ValuesVocabularyI1.1)abrupt5)dated9)Curiosity2)emotional6)consequences10)genuine3)bless7)seemingly11)primarily4)wear and tear8)in contrast to12)sentiments2.1)confronted with more than one problem, try to solve the easiest one first.2)vital to the existence of all forms of life.3)some confusion among the students about what to do after class to follow up onthe subject.4)nothing more than a job and an apartment to be happy.5)tickled him to think that she ’d come to ask his advice3.1) a lingering; fabricating; sentiments2)fill out; every item; vital; consequences3)be denied; tangible; cherish; attainII1.It is a long trip and will take us five hours by bus.2.She arrived early and took a front row seat.3.Don’ttake me for a fool.4.It takes a lot of imagination to fabricate such a story.5.My uncle will take me (along on his trip) to the Arctic this summer.6.He took the dinner plate I passed to him.7.Kevin took second prize in the weight-lifting competition.8.If you don’ttake my advice, you will regret it.III1.hanging 4.being praised7.to open2.to give 5.not having written8.being helped3.to return 6.to sayComprehensive ExercisesI. cloze1.(1)well-off/affluen(5)deny(10) abruptt(6)tangible(11) focus(2)dated(7)pursuit(12) donations(3)falling into(8)cherishes(4)bracket(9)out of place2.(1)consume(5)physically(9) traditional(2)fueled(6)security(10) follow(3)annual(7)indicates(4)plain(8)equallyIII. Translation1.1)The company denied that its donations had a commercial purpose.2)Whenever he was angry, he would begin to stammer slightly.3)Education is the most cherished tradition in our family. That’s why myparents never took me to dinner at expensive restaurants, but sent me tothe best private school.4)Shortly after he recovered from the surgery, he lost his job and thus hadto go through another difficult phase of his life.5)In contrast to our affluent neighbors, my parents are rather poor, butthey have always tried to meet our minimal needs.2.With more and more donations coming in, our university will be much better off financially next year. We will thus be able to focus on the most important task that we, educators, must take on: to encourage students to attain theirscholarly/academic goals, to train them to be dependable and responsible individuals, to prepare them for the life ahead, and to guide them in their pursuitof spiritual as well as material satisfaction.Unit 3The Generation Gap VocabularyI1.1)typical5)welfare9)narrowed down2)dumb6)came over10)frank3)junior7)interference11)schemes4)glorious8)fading12)at any rate2.1)consists of five generals and four police officers.2)will be in a location overlooking the lake.3)was humiliated by her comments about my family background in frontof so many people.4)have any proof that it was Henry who stole the computer5)was exhausted after the long cycle ride.3.1)hysterical; was handed down by; should have known better than2)twisted; over and over; talented son3)patience; not to keep him in suspense; assured; repeatedlyII.Collocation1.adequate 4.content7.fortunate2.anxious 5.crazy8.keen3.certain 6.likelyage1. be admitted2. live3.be postponed4. buy5. be banned6.be Comprehensive ExercisesI. cloze1.(1)typical(7) know better than that(2)welfare(8)repeatedly(3)constant(9)dread(4)frank(10) interference(5)talent(11) bet(6)dumb(12) assure2.(1)despite(5)admitted(9) different(2)really(6)attempt(10) manner(3)same(7)not(4)contact(8)tendII. Translation1.(1)Have scientists found proof of water on Mars(2)The planning committee has narrowed down the possible locations forthe nuclear power plant to two coastal towns.(3)Sam not only lost his job but also both legs; he had to live on welfarefor the rest of his life.(4) A jury consisting of 12 members voted in unison that Mary was guilty.(5)Sean felt humiliated to hear his talent being questioned.2.George, the son of Mr. Johnson, liked listening to heavy metal music in the evenings, which made it hard for other residents in the community to fall asleep. Eventually the exhausted neighbors lost their patience and decided on direct interference. They called Mr. Johnson to tell him in a frank manner what they were thinking. Mr. Johnson assured them that he would certainly settle the issue. As soon as he put down the phone he scolded his son, “What has come over you You should know better than to disturb others for your own amusement. ”In the end George traded his CD’sfor computer games software from his classmates.Unit 4The Virtual WorldVocabularyI1)conversely5)abusing9)have arranged2)but then6)tone10)in sight3)symptom7)took; in11)stretched4)spitting8)editing12)data2.1)smoking cigarettes jars on me.2)find themselves getting sucked in.3)has arranged for a technician from the computer store to check andrepair it.4)fled their country to avoid military service/fled to other countries toavoid military service.5)restore people’sconfidence in it.3.1)the virtual; on line; via2)nightmare; routine; any appointment; arrange for3)cue; remarks; his tuneII.Collocation1.We came here all the way on foot.2.Private cars are not allowed on campus.3.They are on vacation in Florida.4.Mary has been talking to her friend on the phone for an hour.5.Don’tworry, Lucy is always on time.6.Industrial demand on fuel is on the rise.III. Usage1.hard2.difficult3.impossible4.tough5.hard6.easyComprehensive ExercisesI. cloze1.(1)Internet(7)annoying(13) sucked into(2)click(8)connection(14) At times(3)virtual(9)crawls(15) flee(4)routines(10) take in(16) on line(5)arrange(11) spit(6)nightmare(12) data(1)companion(5)customers(9) remote(2)deliver(6)delights(10) information(3)access(7)provides(4)enables(8)smallII. Translation1.1)Research shows that laughter can bring a lot of health benefits.2) A show Internet connection speed is really annoying.3)As the law stands, helping someone commit suicide is a crime.4)In her report, Mary tries to interpret the data from a completelydifferent angle.5)Sue is a girl of great talent. Her amazing memory sets her apart fromher classmates.2.Perhaps you envy me for being able to work from home on the computer. I agree that the Internet has made my job a lot easier. I can write, submit and edit articles via email, chat with my colleagues on line and discuss work with my boss. With a click of the mouse, I can get all the data I need and keep up with the latest news. But then, communicating through the Net can be frustrating at times. The system may crash. Worse still, without the emotional cues of face-to-face communication, the typed words sometimes seem difficult to interpret.Unit 5Overcoming Obstacles VocabularyI1.1)startled6)vain11)In my mind ’s2)mere7)On the occasion eye3)motion8)anxiety12)recurring4)sweating9)emotions5)stretched out10)ashamed of2.1)coincides with her husband ’s.2)sends the prices soaring/results in the soaring of prices.3)of alternate sunshine and rain.4)have been his lifelong passions, although he studied economics atuniversity.5)Tension came over her1)media; dedication to; grace2)his competitors; in excitement; hug him; congratulate him on3)emotions; numerous; intensity; passion forII.Collocation1.Mike, a Green, made the suggestion that a large park be built near thecommunity.2.In a letter to his daughter, Mr. Smith expressed his wish that she (should)continue her education to acquire still another degree.3.There is no reason to hold the belief that humans have no direct moralresponsibility to safeguard the welfare of animals.4.Children need to feel safe about the world they grow up in, and it is unwise togive them the idea that everything they come into contact with might be a threat.5.Anxiety can result from the notion that life has not treated us fairly.6.Nobody believed his claim that he was innocent.III. Words with Multiple Meanings1.I work out in the gym for one hour every morning.2.Florence has worked as a cleaner at the factory for five years.3.The wounded man worked his way across the field on his hands and knees.4.The safe load for a truck of this type works out at about twenty-five tons.5.It is difficult to understand how human minds work.6.To my disappointment, the manager’s plan of promoting the new productsdoesn’twork at all.7. The teacher has a lot of experience of working with children who don ’tknowhow to learn.8.The medicine was like magic, and it worked instantly after you took it. Comprehensive ExercisesI. cloze1.(1)In my mind ’seye(9) soaring(2)groan(10) recurring(3)competitor(11) brought me back to earth(4)intensity(12) fantasy(5)anxiety(13) sweat(6)tense(14) congratulate(7)sweat(15) number(8)tension(16) media2.(1)engineer(5)build(9) sharp(2)forget(6)accident(10) touched(3)convinced(7)thought(11) instructions(4)how(8)only(12) finallyII. Translation1.1)It is the creativity and dedication of the workers and executives that turnedthe company into a profitable business.2)The prices of food and medicine have soared in the past three months.3)We plan to repaint the upper floors of the office building.4)His success shows that popularity and artistic merit sometimes coincide.5)I don’twant to see my beloved grandmother lying in a hospital bed andgroaning painfully.2.Numerous facts bear out the argument/statement/claim that in order to recover speedily from negative emotion, you should allow yourself to cry. Youneedn’t/don ’thave to be ashamed of crying. Anxiety and sorrow can flow out of the body along with tears.Consider the case of/Take Donna. Her son unfortunately died in a car accident. The intensity of the blow made her unable to cry. She said, “It was not until two weeks later that I began to cry. And then I felt as if a big stone had been lifted from my shoulders. It was the tears that brought me back to earth and helped me survive the crisis.”Unit 6Women, Half the SkyVocabularyI1.1)cultural/culture5)stumbled into9)mechanical2)indication6)decent10)Shuddering3)miniature7)buzzing11)implied4)ironic8)abnormal12)leap2.1)convert RMB into US dollars in the foreign exchange office at the airport.2)didn’tknow the first thing about cooking as she looked puzzled as to howto cook rice with the rice cooker.3)their faulty equipment the team had accomplished some very useful work.4)allowing me to work flexible hours as long as I work eight hours a day.5)couldn’thelp thinking the book must be quite fascinating.3.1)will not panic/feel panic; ’llbe at a disadvantage2)hybrid; transmissions3)crave; One indication; to distinguishII.Synonyms in Context1.also 4.also7.also2.as well/too 5.as well/too8.Also3.too 6.tooage1.I ve’ had enough2.When I was old enough to work and earn money3.can’tgot enough sleep at night4.has so far collected enough of them5.have strong enough arms6.have just enough money to live onComprehensive ExercisesI. cloze1.(1)stumbled into(7)premise(2)not know the first thing about(8)at a disadvantage(3)mechanical(9)panic(4)when it comes to(10) cultural(5)hybrid(11) flexible(6)gritted her teeth(12) imply2.(1)chair(5)recognized(9) women(2)force(6)steered(10) tutor(3)secrets(7)essentially(11) inspired(4)painstaking(8)observations(12) unlessII. Translation1.1)He is a man of few words, but when it comes to playing computer games,he is far too clever for his classmates.2)Children who don’tknow any better may think these animals are pretty cuteand start playing with them.3)There is no way to obtain a loan, so to buy the new equipment, I ’lljusthave to grit my teeth and sell my hybrid car.4)The hunter would not have fired the shots if he had not seen a herd ofelephants coming towards his campsite.5)I find it ironic that Tom has a selective memory---he does not seem toremember painful experiences in the past, particularly those of his owndoing.2.Nancy Hopkins is a biology professor at MIT. She craves knowledge and works hard. However, as a scientist, she could not help noticing all kinds of indications of gender inequality on campus. Men and women professors did the same work, but when it came to promotion the administrators were rather selective. It was ironic that after so much cultural progress, women were still at a disadvantage in institution of higher education. When her request for more lab space was refused, she knew she had to fight. So she gritted her teeth and complained to the President. The fight ended in victory and Nancy was converted into a gender-equity advocate.Unit 7Learning about English VocabularyI1.1)Strictly speaking7)snack2)drifted8)put; into practice3)resembles9)source4)invaded10)climate5)is conquered11)surrendered6)fascinating12)were; aroused2.1)an absolute necessity rather than a luxury.2)is a valuable addition to the football team.3)will get out of control, if the firemen do not arrive within ten minutes.4)Alternative but to go via Vancouver to get to Seattle.5)Declared all beef imports will be banned for the next six months as anemergency measure to stop the spread of mad disease.3.1)systematic; have invented; to a very real extent; mysteries2)to establish; to be modified/modifying3)tolerance towards; strike out; enrichII.Synonyms1.a)wish c)wantb)wish d)want/wish2.a)skin c)hideb)hide/skin d)skine)3.a)raise/rear c)rear/raiseb)raise d)raise4.a)royal c)sovereignb)kingly/royal d)royal/kinglyage1.Indeed 6.however2.though7.nevertheless3.Frankly8.Yet4.Moreover9.instead5.To my knowledge10.in other words Comprehensive ExercisesI. cloze1.(1)fascinating(6)corrupt(11) establishing(2)tolerance(7)out of control(12) Massive(3)invented(8)influenced(13) sources(4)addition(9)elite(14) enrich(5)ban(10) came up with2.(1)early(5)examine(9) accident(2)similar(6)features(10) sprung(3)source(7)declared(4)observation(8)strongerII. Translation1.1)Many small businesses have sprung up in the city since the new policywent into effect.2)On hearing the news, she smiled briefly, and then returned to herhabitual frown.3)He paused for effect, then said: “We can reach/enter these marketsthrough new channels.”4)The addition of a concert hall to the school will help it nourish youngmusical talents.5)We have no way to protect our personal liberties until we haveestablished a sovereign state. / We can ’tprotect our personal libertiesunless we, first of all, establish a sovereign state.2.Though how the English language came into existence remains a mystery to many people, linguists believe that English and most other European languages have descended from a common source: the Indo-European parent language. English was first spoken by the Anglo-Saxons who invaded England in the fifth century. They passed onto us the basic vocabulary of English. In over fifteen centuries of its development, English has enriched itself by massive borrowing. As British immigrants landed in America and established the United States as an independent nation, a new variety was added to the English language: American English. Though some people worry that the language is running out of control, many native speakers of English take pride in the tolerance of their language.Unit 8Protecting Our Environment VocabularyI1.1)barking5)tragedies8)grim2)evil6)counterpart9)flocks; fed on3)brooding;7)are10)vegetationhatched complaining/co-11)patches4)migrant mplain12)Scores of2.1)was lined with people who came to welcome the distinguished foreignguests.2)the boss silenced all lively conversation in the office.3)wearing a pair of sun glasses, the famous movie star passed the crowedunnoticed.4)looked deserted.5)were stricken by it.3.1)patches; came into full bloom; were puzzled; mysterious2)throbbed with; sickened; migrant; a chorus3)had crept into; flickered; the starkII.Word Formation1.Compound words Chinese meaningage-old古老的air force空军daughter-in-law儿老婆first-rate一流的greenhouse温室half brother同母异父兄弟；同父异母兄弟ice-cream冰淇淋lifelike传神的light year光年salesperson售货员；销售员self-centered以自己为中心的，自私的threefold三倍overuse过分使用stone-still石头似的一动不动worldwide全球范围的；在世界范围内2.1)poverty-stricken people5)successful spacewalk2)heart-breaking news6)peace-loving people3)newly-built database7)need-based scholarships4)well-fed kids8)color-blind peopleIII. Confusable Words1.lying in7.lie10. liesid yy yComprehensive ExercisesI. cloze1.(1)spell(7)deserted(2)stricken(8)silence(3)misfortunes(9)sickened(4)surroundings(10) hatch(5)blossom/bloom(11) puzzled(6)migrant(12) in harmony with2.(1)rate(5)export(9) boundaries(2)publication(6)profit(10) ultimately(3)dangerous(7)accept(4)banned(8)comprehendII. Translation1.1)This is a prosperous town, but there is still poverty in the midst ofwealth and abundance.2)The Brown family was stricken with one misfortune after another, but theirchildren never complained.3)The museum is designed in such a way that it stands in perfectharmony with its surroundings.4)It was a miracle that these flowers did not wither at all in the blazing sun.5)Flocks of sheep feed on the patches of vegetation that rise above thewinter snow.2.This village was once famous for its beautiful natural surroundings. All the year round, the trees were green and the flowers in bloom. Clear streams flowed out of the hills through a checkerboard of rice fields. Birds sang all day, and deer came and went in a leisurely manner. However, with the coming of DDT and other pesticides, an evil spell seemed to have settled over the village. Misfortunes came one after another. Chicken died suddenly, cattle and sheep were stricken by mysterious maladies, and farmers complained about a sickening feeling that puzzled the village doctor. The village square, once throbbing with life, was now deserted.。

Unit 1Ways of LearningVocabularyI1.1)insert5)initial9)is awaiting2)on occasion6)phenomena10)not; in the least3)investigate7)attached11)promote4)In retrospect8)make up for12)emerged2.1) a striking contrast between the standards of living in the north of thecountry and the south.2)is said to be superior to synthetic fiber.3)as a financial center has evolved slowly.4)is not relevant to whether he is a good lawyer.5)by a little-known sixteen-century Italian poet have found their way intosome English magazines.3.1)be picked up; can’taccomplish; am exaggerating2)somewhat; the performance; have neglected; they apply to3)assist; On the other hand; are valid; a superiorII1.1)continual3)continual2)continuous4)continuous2.1)principal4)principles2)principal5)principal3)principleIII1.themselves 4.itself2.himself/herself 5.ourselves3.herself/by herself/on her own 6.yourself/by yourself/on your own Comprehensive ExercisesI. cloze1.(1)contrast(3)priority hand(2)exaggerating(4)on the other(5) promoting(6)pick up(9)occasion(12) superior(7)assist(10) neglecting(8)accomplish(11) worthwhile2.(1)end(5)equipped(9) definitely(2)perform(6)designed(10) quality(3)facing(7)approach(4)competent(8)restII. translation1.(1)It takes an enormous amount of courage to make a departure from thetradition.(2)Tom used to be very shy, but this time he was bold enough to give aperformance in front of a large audience.(3)Many educators think it desirable to foster the creative spirit in the childat an early age.(4)Assuming this painting really is a masterpiece, do you think it ’s worthwhileto buy it(5) If the data is statistically valid, it will throw light on the problem we areinvestigating.2.To improve our English, it is critical to do more reading, writing, listening and speaking. Besides, learning by heart as many well-written essays as possible isalso very important. Without an enormous store of good English writing in your head you cannot express yourself freely in English. It is also helpful to summarize ourexperience as we go along, for in so doing, we can figure out which way of learning is more effective and will produce the most desirable result. As long as we keepworking hard on it, we will in due course accomplish the task of mastering English.Unit 2ValuesVocabularyI1.1)abrupt5)dated9)Curiosity2)emotional6)consequences10)genuine3)bless7)seemingly11)primarily4)wear and tear8)in contrast to12)sentiments2.1)confronted with more than one problem, try to solve the easiest one first.2)vital to the existence of all forms of life.3)some confusion among the students about what to do after class to follow up onthe subject.4)nothing more than a job and an apartment to be happy.5)tickled him to think that she ’d come to ask his advice3.1) a lingering; fabricating; sentiments2)fill out; every item; vital; consequences3)be denied; tangible; cherish; attainII1.It is a long trip and will take us five hours by bus.2.She arrived early and took a front row seat.3.Don’ttake me for a fool.4.It takes a lot of imagination to fabricate such a story.5.My uncle will take me (along on his trip) to the Arctic this summer.6.He took the dinner plate I passed to him.7.Kevin took second prize in the weight-lifting competition.8.If you don’ttake my advice, you will regret it.III1.hanging 4.being praised7.to open2.to give 5.not having written8.being helped3.to return 6.to sayComprehensive ExercisesI. cloze1.(1)well-off/affluen(5)deny(10) abruptt(6)tangible(11) focus(2)dated(7)pursuit(12) donations(3)falling into(8)cherishes(4)bracket(9)out of place2.(1)consume(5)physically(9) traditional(2)fueled(6)security(10) follow(3)annual(7)indicates(4)plain(8)equallyIII. Translation1.1)The company denied that its donations had a commercial purpose.2)Whenever he was angry, he would begin to stammer slightly.3)Education is the most cherished tradition in our family. That’s why myparents never took me to dinner at expensive restaurants, but sent me tothe best private school.4)Shortly after he recovered from the surgery, he lost his job and thus hadto go through another difficult phase of his life.5)In contrast to our affluent neighbors, my parents are rather poor, butthey have always tried to meet our minimal needs.2.With more and more donations coming in, our university will be much better off financially next year. We will thus be able to focus on the most important task that we, educators, must take on: to encourage students to attain theirscholarly/academic goals, to train them to be dependable and responsible individuals, to prepare them for the life ahead, and to guide them in their pursuitof spiritual as well as material satisfaction.Unit 3The Generation Gap VocabularyI1.1)typical5)welfare9)narrowed down2)dumb6)came over10)frank3)junior7)interference11)schemes4)glorious8)fading12)at any rate2.1)consists of five generals and four police officers.2)will be in a location overlooking the lake.3)was humiliated by her comments about my family background in frontof so many people.4)have any proof that it was Henry who stole the computer5)was exhausted after the long cycle ride.3.1)hysterical; was handed down by; should have known better than2)twisted; over and over; talented son3)patience; not to keep him in suspense; assured; repeatedlyII.Collocation1.adequate 4.content7.fortunate2.anxious 5.crazy8.keen3.certain 6.likelyage1. be admitted2. live3.be postponed4. buy5. be banned6.be Comprehensive ExercisesI. cloze1.(1)typical(7) know better than that(2)welfare(8)repeatedly(3)constant(9)dread(4)frank(10) interference(5)talent(11) bet(6)dumb(12) assure2.(1)despite(5)admitted(9) different(2)really(6)attempt(10) manner(3)same(7)not(4)contact(8)tendII. Translation1.(1)Have scientists found proof of water on Mars(2)The planning committee has narrowed down the possible locations forthe nuclear power plant to two coastal towns.(3)Sam not only lost his job but also both legs; he had to live on welfarefor the rest of his life.(4) A jury consisting of 12 members voted in unison that Mary was guilty.(5)Sean felt humiliated to hear his talent being questioned.2.George, the son of Mr. Johnson, liked listening to heavy metal music in the evenings, which made it hard for other residents in the community to fall asleep. Eventually the exhausted neighbors lost their patience and decided on direct interference. They called Mr. Johnson to tell him in a frank manner what they were thinking. Mr. Johnson assured them that he would certainly settle the issue. As soon as he put down the phone he scolded his son, “What has come over you You should know better than to disturb others for your own amusement. ”In the end George traded his CD’sfor computer games software from his classmates.Unit 4The Virtual WorldVocabularyI1)conversely5)abusing9)have arranged2)but then6)tone10)in sight3)symptom7)took; in11)stretched4)spitting8)editing12)data2.1)smoking cigarettes jars on me.2)find themselves getting sucked in.3)has arranged for a technician from the computer store to check andrepair it.4)fled their country to avoid military service/fled to other countries toavoid military service.5)restore people’sconfidence in it.3.1)the virtual; on line; via2)nightmare; routine; any appointment; arrange for3)cue; remarks; his tuneII.Collocation1.We came here all the way on foot.2.Private cars are not allowed on campus.3.They are on vacation in Florida.4.Mary has been talking to her friend on the phone for an hour.5.Don’tworry, Lucy is always on time.6.Industrial demand on fuel is on the rise.III. Usage1.hard2.difficult3.impossible4.tough5.hard6.easyComprehensive ExercisesI. cloze1.(1)Internet(7)annoying(13) sucked into(2)click(8)connection(14) At times(3)virtual(9)crawls(15) flee(4)routines(10) take in(16) on line(5)arrange(11) spit(6)nightmare(12) data(1)companion(5)customers(9) remote(2)deliver(6)delights(10) information(3)access(7)provides(4)enables(8)smallII. Translation1.1)Research shows that laughter can bring a lot of health benefits.2) A show Internet connection speed is really annoying.3)As the law stands, helping someone commit suicide is a crime.4)In her report, Mary tries to interpret the data from a completelydifferent angle.5)Sue is a girl of great talent. Her amazing memory sets her apart fromher classmates.2.Perhaps you envy me for being able to work from home on the computer. I agree that the Internet has made my job a lot easier. I can write, submit and edit articles via email, chat with my colleagues on line and discuss work with my boss. With a click of the mouse, I can get all the data I need and keep up with the latest news. But then, communicating through the Net can be frustrating at times. The system may crash. Worse still, without the emotional cues of face-to-face communication, the typed words sometimes seem difficult to interpret.Unit 5Overcoming Obstacles VocabularyI1.1)startled6)vain11)In my mind ’s2)mere7)On the occasion eye3)motion8)anxiety12)recurring4)sweating9)emotions5)stretched out10)ashamed of2.1)coincides with her husband ’s.2)sends the prices soaring/results in the soaring of prices.3)of alternate sunshine and rain.4)have been his lifelong passions, although he studied economics atuniversity.5)Tension came over her1)media; dedication to; grace2)his competitors; in excitement; hug him; congratulate him on3)emotions; numerous; intensity; passion forII.Collocation1.Mike, a Green, made the suggestion that a large park be built near thecommunity.2.In a letter to his daughter, Mr. Smith expressed his wish that she (should)continue her education to acquire still another degree.3.There is no reason to hold the belief that humans have no direct moralresponsibility to safeguard the welfare of animals.4.Children need to feel safe about the world they grow up in, and it is unwise togive them the idea that everything they come into contact with might be a threat.5.Anxiety can result from the notion that life has not treated us fairly.6.Nobody believed his claim that he was innocent.III. Words with Multiple Meanings1.I work out in the gym for one hour every morning.2.Florence has worked as a cleaner at the factory for five years.3.The wounded man worked his way across the field on his hands and knees.4.The safe load for a truck of this type works out at about twenty-five tons.5.It is difficult to understand how human minds work.6.To my disappointment, the manager’s plan of promoting the new productsdoesn’twork at all.7. The teacher has a lot of experience of working with children who don ’tknowhow to learn.8.The medicine was like magic, and it worked instantly after you took it. Comprehensive ExercisesI. cloze1.(1)In my mind ’seye(9) soaring(2)groan(10) recurring(3)competitor(11) brought me back to earth(4)intensity(12) fantasy(5)anxiety(13) sweat(6)tense(14) congratulate(7)sweat(15) number(8)tension(16) media2.(1)engineer(5)build(9) sharp(2)forget(6)accident(10) touched(3)convinced(7)thought(11) instructions(4)how(8)only(12) finallyII. Translation1.1)It is the creativity and dedication of the workers and executives that turnedthe company into a profitable business.2)The prices of food and medicine have soared in the past three months.3)We plan to repaint the upper floors of the office building.4)His success shows that popularity and artistic merit sometimes coincide.5)I don’twant to see my beloved grandmother lying in a hospital bed andgroaning painfully.2.Numerous facts bear out the argument/statement/claim that in order to recover speedily from negative emotion, you should allow yourself to cry. Youneedn’t/don ’thave to be ashamed of crying. Anxiety and sorrow can flow out of the body along with tears.Consider the case of/Take Donna. Her son unfortunately died in a car accident. The intensity of the blow made her unable to cry. She said, “It was not until two weeks later that I began to cry. And then I felt as if a big stone had been lifted from my shoulders. It was the tears that brought me back to earth and helped me survive the crisis.”Unit 6Women, Half the SkyVocabularyI1.1)cultural/culture5)stumbled into9)mechanical2)indication6)decent10)Shuddering3)miniature7)buzzing11)implied4)ironic8)abnormal12)leap2.1)convert RMB into US dollars in the foreign exchange office at the airport.2)didn’tknow the first thing about cooking as she looked puzzled as to howto cook rice with the rice cooker.3)their faulty equipment the team had accomplished some very useful work.4)allowing me to work flexible hours as long as I work eight hours a day.5)couldn’thelp thinking the book must be quite fascinating.3.1)will not panic/feel panic; ’llbe at a disadvantage2)hybrid; transmissions3)crave; One indication; to distinguishII.Synonyms in Context1.also 4.also7.also2.as well/too 5.as well/too8.Also3.too 6.tooage1.I ve’ had enough2.When I was old enough to work and earn money3.can’tgot enough sleep at night4.has so far collected enough of them5.have strong enough arms6.have just enough money to live onComprehensive ExercisesI. cloze1.(1)stumbled into(7)premise(2)not know the first thing about(8)at a disadvantage(3)mechanical(9)panic(4)when it comes to(10) cultural(5)hybrid(11) flexible(6)gritted her teeth(12) imply2.(1)chair(5)recognized(9) women(2)force(6)steered(10) tutor(3)secrets(7)essentially(11) inspired(4)painstaking(8)observations(12) unlessII. Translation1.1)He is a man of few words, but when it comes to playing computer games,he is far too clever for his classmates.2)Children who don’tknow any better may think these animals are pretty cuteand start playing with them.3)There is no way to obtain a loan, so to buy the new equipment, I ’lljusthave to grit my teeth and sell my hybrid car.4)The hunter would not have fired the shots if he had not seen a herd ofelephants coming towards his campsite.5)I find it ironic that Tom has a selective memory---he does not seem toremember painful experiences in the past, particularly those of his owndoing.2.Nancy Hopkins is a biology professor at MIT. She craves knowledge and works hard. However, as a scientist, she could not help noticing all kinds of indications of gender inequality on campus. Men and women professors did the same work, but when it came to promotion the administrators were rather selective. It was ironic that after so much cultural progress, women were still at a disadvantage in institution of higher education. When her request for more lab space was refused, she knew she had to fight. So she gritted her teeth and complained to the President. The fight ended in victory and Nancy was converted into a gender-equity advocate.Unit 7Learning about English VocabularyI1.1)Strictly speaking7)snack2)drifted8)put; into practice3)resembles9)source4)invaded10)climate5)is conquered11)surrendered6)fascinating12)were; aroused2.1)an absolute necessity rather than a luxury.2)is a valuable addition to the football team.3)will get out of control, if the firemen do not arrive within ten minutes.4)Alternative but to go via Vancouver to get to Seattle.5)Declared all beef imports will be banned for the next six months as anemergency measure to stop the spread of mad disease.3.1)systematic; have invented; to a very real extent; mysteries2)to establish; to be modified/modifying3)tolerance towards; strike out; enrichII.Synonyms1.a)wish c)wantb)wish d)want/wish2.a)skin c)hideb)hide/skin d)skine)3.a)raise/rear c)rear/raiseb)raise d)raise4.a)royal c)sovereignb)kingly/royal d)royal/kinglyage1.Indeed 6.however2.though7.nevertheless3.Frankly8.Yet4.Moreover9.instead5.To my knowledge10.in other words Comprehensive ExercisesI. cloze1.(1)fascinating(6)corrupt(11) establishing(2)tolerance(7)out of control(12) Massive(3)invented(8)influenced(13) sources(4)addition(9)elite(14) enrich(5)ban(10) came up with2.(1)early(5)examine(9) accident(2)similar(6)features(10) sprung(3)source(7)declared(4)observation(8)strongerII. Translation1.1)Many small businesses have sprung up in the city since the new policywent into effect.2)On hearing the news, she smiled briefly, and then returned to herhabitual frown.3)He paused for effect, then said: “We can reach/enter these marketsthrough new channels.”4)The addition of a concert hall to the school will help it nourish youngmusical talents.5)We have no way to protect our personal liberties until we haveestablished a sovereign state. / We can ’tprotect our personal libertiesunless we, first of all, establish a sovereign state.2.Though how the English language came into existence remains a mystery to many people, linguists believe that English and most other European languages have descended from a common source: the Indo-European parent language. English was first spoken by the Anglo-Saxons who invaded England in the fifth century. They passed onto us the basic vocabulary of English. In over fifteen centuries of its development, English has enriched itself by massive borrowing. As British immigrants landed in America and established the United States as an independent nation, a new variety was added to the English language: American English. Though some people worry that the language is running out of control, many native speakers of English take pride in the tolerance of their language.Unit 8Protecting Our Environment VocabularyI1.1)barking5)tragedies8)grim2)evil6)counterpart9)flocks; fed on3)brooding;7)are10)vegetationhatched complaining/co-11)patches4)migrant mplain12)Scores of2.1)was lined with people who came to welcome the distinguished foreignguests.2)the boss silenced all lively conversation in the office.3)wearing a pair of sun glasses, the famous movie star passed the crowedunnoticed.4)looked deserted.5)were stricken by it.3.1)patches; came into full bloom; were puzzled; mysterious2)throbbed with; sickened; migrant; a chorus3)had crept into; flickered; the starkII.Word Formation1.Compound words Chinese meaningage-old古老的air force空军daughter-in-law儿老婆first-rate一流的greenhouse温室half brother同母异父兄弟；同父异母兄弟ice-cream冰淇淋lifelike传神的light year光年salesperson售货员；销售员self-centered以自己为中心的，自私的threefold三倍overuse过分使用stone-still石头似的一动不动worldwide全球范围的；在世界范围内2.1)poverty-stricken people5)successful spacewalk2)heart-breaking news6)peace-loving people3)newly-built database7)need-based scholarships4)well-fed kids8)color-blind peopleIII. Confusable Words1.lying in7.lie10. liesid yy yComprehensive ExercisesI. cloze1.(1)spell(7)deserted(2)stricken(8)silence(3)misfortunes(9)sickened(4)surroundings(10) hatch(5)blossom/bloom(11) puzzled(6)migrant(12) in harmony with2.(1)rate(5)export(9) boundaries(2)publication(6)profit(10) ultimately(3)dangerous(7)accept(4)banned(8)comprehendII. Translation1.1)This is a prosperous town, but there is still poverty in the midst ofwealth and abundance.2)The Brown family was stricken with one misfortune after another, but theirchildren never complained.3)The museum is designed in such a way that it stands in perfectharmony with its surroundings.4)It was a miracle that these flowers did not wither at all in the blazing sun.5)Flocks of sheep feed on the patches of vegetation that rise above thewinter snow.2.This village was once famous for its beautiful natural surroundings. All the year round, the trees were green and the flowers in bloom. Clear streams flowed out of the hills through a checkerboard of rice fields. Birds sang all day, and deer came and went in a leisurely manner. However, with the coming of DDT and other pesticides, an evil spell seemed to have settled over the village. Misfortunes came one after another. Chicken died suddenly, cattle and sheep were stricken by mysterious maladies, and farmers complained about a sickening feeling that puzzled the village doctor. The village square, once throbbing with life, was now deserted.。

e.g. I will be waiting for you at the e.g. I didn't travel much when I wase.g. If you put a coin in the slot ofe.g. This is the time for democrats e.g. I am only partly responsible fore.g. Tom admits that playinge.g. The children's legal rights muste.g. This town has very good road e.g. You can add the fluid to thee.g. She's an old acquaintance ofe.g. Many of the leaders have引出e.g. His speech called forth anangry response.e.g. There was a lack ofcommunications between us.5. individualn. a single human being 个人e.g. We designed this software inorder to meet the needs of individualusers.6. innocenta. knowing no evil, naive天真无邪的n. an innocent persone.g. Jack is still as innocent as achild and is easily taken in.7. intensea. serious and concentrated 认真的，紧张的e.g. I have never seen an intensestudent like him.8. needless to sayas you already know or would expect不用说e.g. Needless to say, I survived theearthquake.9. on the wholeall things considered, in general 总的看来，大体上，基本上e.g. On the whole, your opinion isright.10. on top ofin addition to 除……之外（还）e.g. An extra 700 jobs are being cuton top of the 2,000 that were lost lastyear.11. outwardsad.向外e.g. The door opens outwards.12. overnightad. during or for the night 一整夜，一夜间e.g. If you leave your bike hereovernight, it's likely to disappear. 13. plotn. a plan or an outline of the events ina play or novel 情节e.g. The author wove a story fromthree plots.14. scattervt. throw in different directions 散布e.g. The farmers are scatteringseeds over the fields.15. slipvi.溜（走），悄悄地走e.g. He slipped out into the garage.16. tendencyn.倾向e.g. There is a tendency to useplastics in place of metals.17. to one's knowledgeas far as one knows personally 据……所知e.g. To my knowledge, Jack didn't18. vehiclen. 传播媒介；交通工具e.g. Air is the vehicle of sound.e.g. The comet caused a worldwide e.g. I've read the Chinese versione.g. We still remember the volcanice.g. He went to the aid of the hurte.g. I bumped into a tree in the dark.e.g. I gave him some medicine to e.g. Peter was dismissed form hise.g. He was imprisoned for 19 yearsand yet held on to his belief. e.g. Kathy fainted when she saw the horrible sight.7. impatienta. not patient 不耐烦的e.g. He is too impatient with his kids. 8. in good/excellent/poor health 健康状况良好（很好，差）e.g. All the kids are in good health. 9. in spite of 尽管e.g. In spite of all his efforts, the boy did not recover. 10. incline v. （使）倾向于e.g. Mr. Brown inclines towards conservatism. 11. installvt. place, fix (a piece of equipment) in position for use 安装，安置 e.g. I will definitely have a gas heater installed in my house before this winter. 12. interval n. 间隔e.g. Trees will be planted on both sides of the street at intervals of 10 meters.13. miserablea. 令人痛苦的；悲惨的，不幸的e.g. He lived a miserable life when he was young. 14. optimistic a. 乐观的e.g. He was optimistic about the future of mankind. 15. penetratevi. force a way (into or through sth.); be fully understood 穿透，刺入；被充分领悟e.g. Our eyes could not penetrate the darkness. 16. progressivea. advancing gradually by stages over a period of time 进行性的；循序渐进的 e.g. One prominent symptom of the disease is the progressive loss of memory. 17. shortcomingn. weakness that a person or thing has 缺点，短处e.g. Despite all his shortcomings, he makes a good friend. 18. suffer from 患……病；苦于e.g. She sometimes suffers from a stomachache.19. to a degreeto a certain extent , partly 一定程度上，部分地e.g. These statements are, to a degree, all correct.20. trait n. 个性，特点e.g. The color of one's eyes is a genetic trait.e.g. He was making great efforts to e.g. The interview continued, with e.g. His political rivals are biding their e.g. He is by nature rather ane.g. I was charmed by her slim figuree.g. Michael consumes nearly a pound e.g. Several multinational corporations e.g. Despite the fact that she felle.g. A doctoral thesis must be written in e.g. She was like a princess in a fairy e.g. He put on a gaily colored shirt.e.g. Steve will have to get his acte.g. The trial is concerned only with thee.g. I don't know what's the mattere.g. I could see from her expressione.g. It seemed incredible that peoplee.g. There is a fascinating news item ine.g. The Martian atmosphere containse.g. She ran this shop for ten yearse.g. The novel has been translated from e.g. The police now recognize that big e.g. The mayor is a skilled politician. e.g. It is said that Michael possesses a e.g. The instant he put pencil to paper, e.g. Rarely have I seen a student who is e.g. Having finished the work, I spente.g. She wore a red ribbon in her hair.e.g. Some scientists think average e.g. Even in the most spotless homes,e.g. Einstein formulated the theory of e.g. My daughter's idea about wealthe.g. The Australians are in control of e.g. Fish are plentiful in the lake.e.g. He suffered an allergic reaction to e.g. Young graduates are seeking after e.g. They succeeded in what they set e.g. She stirred the sugar into thee.g. I can't take all the credit; thee.g. The bank is being weighed down by e.g. The baby is a welcome addition to e.g. She is in heaven with the angels.e.g. These educational toys givee.g. The space capsule has threee.g. Most of my friends believe ine.g. Brought up in the south of China, e.g. The Academy ruled that suche.g. In computer technology,e.g. These ideas descend from those of e.g. Jimmy spent the year driftinge.g. That once poor coastal village has e.g. The story of his adventures in the e.g. He asked in his Germanic English ife.g. This island is inhabited only by e.g. The Germans invaded Poland in e.g. Waving his arms in a kinglye.g. The constitution guards the liberty e.g. The company is the world's largest e.g. The ancient temple's massivee.g. The school authorities plan toe.g. A lot of people would consider a TV e.g. The fire was out of control by the e.g. When you have finished readinge.g. The small boys loved watching thee.g. They go to the market to buye.g. Science took a new and differente.g. I usually have a snack of ae.g. The Russian Federation declarede.g. After working for his father fore.g. The police began a systematice.g. I agree with him to some extent, e.g. Hundreds of translations ofe.g. Video has been made wide use of e.g. He has an English vocabulary of e.g. The Welsh eat more potatoes than1. aspectn. an element or side of a situation or idea 方面e.g. You have only considered one aspect of the problem, but there are many.2. authorityn. 权威人士（或机构）e.g. He is an authority on plant diseases.3. contribute tohelp to cause 促成，有助于，是……的部分原因e.g. Various factors contributed to his downfall. 4. crudea. not refined 粗糙的e.g. His manners are rather crude.5. dominatev. have control of or a very strong influence on 支配， 统治e.g. He has authority, but he doesn't try to dominate others. 6. economica. of an economy or economics 经济（学）的e.g. The country is in a bad economic state. 7. exceedvt. go beyond in quantity, degree, etc. 超过e.g. The cost will not exceed $500.8. genuinea. real, not fake or artificial 真的，非伪造的e.g. It's either a genuine diamond or a very good fake.9. give way toyield to 对……让步，屈服于e.g. It seems the President has given way to pressure from hard-liners.10. in transitionin the course of changing into another state or condition 在过渡时期，在转变过程中e.g. The company is still in transition from one boss to another.11. integratevt. make into a whole 使成一整体 e.g. Foreign immigrants here don't integrate well into the white community. 12. predictvt. declare or tell in advance 预言 e.g. The earthquake was predicted several weeks ago.13. professional n., a. 专业人员（的）e.g. You need a professional to sort out your finances.14. rid oneself offree oneself from 使自己摆脱e.g. The country is making attempts to rid itself of corruption.e.g. She hastily shifted the subject. e.g. The success of her book has given e.g. That is a very substantial e.g. Lots of our friends are coming: e.g. It is obvious from the graph that e.g. None of these social problems aree.g. Some products are chosen for theire.g. The space shuttle Columbia wille.g. It is unrealistic to believe thate.g. He acted in accordance with hise.g. Poverty is a breeding ground fore.g. The cancer has spread to here.g. He has charge of the children whilee.g. It's a miracle that some of thee.g. Our findings conflict with thee.g. An economic crisis may havee.g. Consumption of oil has risen in e.g. Don't all living creatures havee.g. Passive smoking can be deadly e.g. The election demonstratede.g. French doctors tend to regard drug e.g. It's hard to draw a distinctione.g. We need helpers of all types,e.g. The area's ecosystem ranges from e.g. The committee is passing new laws e.g. Children are not allowed to see the e.g. The doctor said the patient was e.g. Lewis was not in the right frame of e.g. The generator has broken down.。

（完整word版）全新版⼤学英语（第⼤版）综合教程2课后练习答案Key t o Exercises o f C ollege English B ook 2Unit 1★Text AVocabularyI.1.1) insert 2) on occasion 3) investigate 4) In retrospect 5) initial 6) phenomena 7) attached 8) make up for 9) is awaiting 10) not…in the least 11) promote 12) emerged2. 1) There is a striking contrast between the standards of living in the north of the country and thesouth.2) Natural fiber is said to be superior to synthetic fiber.3) The city’s importance as a financial center has evolved slowly.4) His nationality is not relevant to whether he is a good lawyer.5) The poems by a little-known sixteenth-century Italian poet have found their way into someEnglish magazines.3. 1) be picked up, can’t accomplish, am exaggerating2) somewhat, performance, have neglected, they apply to3) assist, O n t he other h and, a re v alid, a s uperiorII.1. 1) continual 2) continuous 3) continual 4) continuous2. 1) principal 2) principal 3) principle 4) principles 5) principalIII.1. themselves2. himself/herself3. herself/by herself/on her own4. itself5. ourselves6. yourself/ by yourself/on your ownComprehensive ExerciseI. Cloze1. 1) contrast 2) exaggerating 3) priority 4) on the other hand 5) promoting 6) pick up 7) assist 8) accomplish 9) on occasion 10) neglecting 11) worthwhile 12) superior2. 1) end 2) perform 3) facing 4) competent 5) equipped6) designed 7) approach 8) rest 9) definitely 10) qualityII. Translation1.1) It takes an enormous amount of courage to make a departure from the tradition.2) Tom u sed to be very shy, but this time he was bold enough to give a performance in front o fa large audience.3) Many educators think it desirable to foster the creative spirit in the child at an early age.4) Assuming (that) this painting really is a masterpiece, do you think it’s worthwhile tobuy/purchase it?5) If the data is statistically valid, it will throw light on the problem we are investigating.2. To improve our English, it is critical to do more reading, writing, listening and speaking.Besides, learning by heart as many well-written essays as possible is also very important.Without an enormous store of good English writing in your head you cannot express yourself freely in English. It is also helpful to summarize our experience as we go along, for in so doing, we can figure out which way of learning is more effective and will produce the most desirable result. As long as we keep working hard on it, we will in due course accomplish the task of mastering English.★Text BComprehension check: c c d a c bLanguage Practice1.g h e c f a b d2.1) adopt 2) account 3) from your point of view 4) ended up 5) furthermore 6) fund7) annual 8) keeping track of 9) pace 10) intends11) perspective 12) deviseUnit 2★Text AVocabularyI. 1. 1) abrupt 2) emotional 3) bless 4) wear and tear 5) dated 6）consequences 7）seemingly 8) in contrast to 9) Curiosity 10) genuine11) primarily 12) sentiments2. 1) W hen you a re c onfronted with m ore t han o ne p roblem, t ry t o s olve t he e asiestone first.2) Water is vital to the existence of all forms of life.3) There is still some confusion among the students about what to do after classto follow up on the subject.4) As a person of s imple living habits, h e needs nothing more than a job and anapartment to be happy.5) It tickled him to think that she’d come to as his advice.3. 1) a lingering, fabricating, s entiments2) fill out, every item, vital, consequences3) be denied, tangible, cherish, attainII.1.It’s a long trip and will take us five hours by bus.2.She arrived early and took a front row seat.3. Don’t take me for a f ool.4. It takes a lot of imagination to fabricate such a story.5. My u ncle w ill t ake m e (along on h is t rip) t o t he Arctic t his s ummer.6.He took the dinner plate I passed to him.7.Kevin took second prize in the weight-lifting competition.8.If you don’t take my advice, you will regret it.III.1. hanging2. to give3. to return4. being praised5. not having written6. to say7. to open8. being helpedComprehensive ExerciseI.1. 1) well-off/affluent 2) dated 3) falling into 4) bracket 5) deny6) tangible 7) pursuit 8) cherishes 9) out of place 10) abrupt11) focus 12) donations2. 1) consume 2) fueled 3) annual 4) plain 5) physically 6) security7) indicates 8) equally 9) traditional 10) followsII. Translation1.1) The company denied that its donations had a commercial purpose.2) Whenever he was angry, he would begin to stammer slightly.3) Education is the most cherished tradition in our family. That’s why my parents never took me to dinner at expensive restaurants, but sent me to the best private school.4) Shortly after he recovered from the surgery, he lost his job and thus had to go through another difficult phase of his life.5) In contrast to our affluent neighbors, my parents are rather poor, but they have always tried hard to meet our minimal needs.2. With more and more donations coming in, our university will be much better offfinancially next y ear. W e w ill thus b e a ble t o focus o n t he most i mportant t ask that w e, e ducators, m ust t ake on: t o e ncourage students to attain their scholarly/academic goals, to train them to be dependable and responsible individuals, to prepare them for the life ahead, and to guide them in their pursuit of spiritual as well as material satisfaction.★Text BComprehension Check: b b d c d dLanguage Practice1. f c g e b a h d2.1) stunned 2) hold (fast) to 3) folks 4) generosity 5) discount 6) liable7) ranks 8) on the run 9) make up 10) blends in 11) by all accounts 12)comes into contact withUnit 3★Text AVocabularyI.1．1) typical 2)dumb 3) junior 4) glorious 5) welfare 6)came over 7) interference8) f ading 9) narrowed down 10) frank 11)schemes 12) at any rate2. 1) The Security council consists of five generals and four police officers.2) The new hotel will be in a location overlooking the lake.3) I was humiliated by her comments about my family background in front of so many people.4) Do you have any proof that it was Henry who stole the computer?5) the boy was exhausted after the long cycle ride.3. 1) hysterical; was handed down; should have known better than2) twisted, over and over, talented son3) patience, not to keep him in suspense, assured, repeatedlyII.1. adequate2. anxious3. certain4. content5. crazy6. likely7. fortunate8. keen III.1. be admitted2. live3. be postponed4. buy5. be banned6. be Comprehensive ExerciseI. 1. 1) typical 2) welfare 3) constant 4) frank 5) talent 6) dumb7) know better than that 8) repeatedly 9) dread 10) interference 11) bet 12) assure2. 1) despite 2) really 3) same 4) contact 5) admitted 6) attempt7) not 8) tend 9) different 10) mannerII. Translation1. 1) Have scientists found proof of water on Mars?2) The planning committee has narrowed down the possible locations for the nuclear powerplant to two coastal towns.3) Sam not only lost his job but also both legs; he had to live on welfare for the rest of his life.4) A jury consisting of 12 members voted in unison that Mary was guilty.5) Sean felt humiliated ti hear his talent being questioned.2. George, the son of Mr. Johnson, liked listening to heavy metal music in the evenings,which made it hard for other residents in the community to fall asleep. Eventually the exhausted neighbors lost their patience and decided on direct interference. They called Mr.Johnson to tell him in a frank manner w hat t hey were thinking. M r. Johnson assured them that he would certainly settle the issue. As soon as he put down the phone he scolded his son, “What has come over you? You should know better than to disturb others for your own amusement.”In the end George traded his CD’s for computer games software from his classmates.★Text BComprehension Check: b a b c d aLanguage Practice1. d e f g a b h c2. 1) and he like 2) popularity 3) had been kept in the dark 4) define 5) was aware of6)relate 7) were up to 8) trend 9)opportunity 10)mobile 11)comments12) interviewedUnit 4★Text AVocabularyI.1. 1) conversely 2). but then 3) symptom 4) spitting 5) abusing 6) tone7) took…in8) editing 9) have arranged 10) in sight 11) stretched 12) data 2. 1) The sight of teenagers smoking cigarettes jars on me.2) A lot of American teenagers don’t like street gangs, but they find themselves gettingsucked in.3) Jeffrey’s computer crashed again this morning. The manager has arranged for atechnician from the computer store to check and repair it.4) During the Vietnam War, many young Americans fled their country to avoid militaryservice/fled to other countries to avoid military service.5) The new government is planning an anti-corruption campaign so as to restore people’sconfidence in it.3. 1) the virtual, on line, via 2) nightmare, routine, any appointment, arrange for3) cue, remarks, his tuneII. 1. We came here all the way on foot.2. Private cars are not allowed on campus.3. They are on vocation in Florida.4. Mary has been talking to her friend on the phone for an hour.5. Don’t worry, Lucy is always on time.6. Industrial demand on fuel is on the r ise.III. 1. hard 2. difficult 3. impossible 4. tough 5. hard 6. easyComprehensive ExerciseI.1. 1) internet 2) click 3) virtual 4) routines 5) arrange 6) nightmare 7) annoying 8)connection 9) crawls 10) take in 11) spit 12) data 13) sucked into 14) At times 15) flee 16) on line2. 1) companion 2) deliver 3) access 4) enables 5) customers 6) delights 7) provides 8)small 9) remote 10) informationII. Translation1. 1) Research shows that laughter can bring a lot of health benefits.2) A slow Internet connecting speed is really annoying.3) As the law stands, helping someone commit suicide is a crime.4) In her report, Mary tries to interpret the data from a completely different angle.5) Sue is a girl of great talent. Her amazing memory sets her apart from her classmates.2. Perhaps you envy me for being able to work from home on the computer. I agree that theInternet has made my job a lot easier. I can write，submit and edit articles via email, chat with my colleagues on line and discuss work with my boss. With a click of the mouse, I can get all the data I need and keep up with the latest news. But then, communicating through the Net can be frustrating at times. The system may crash. Worse still, without the emotional cues of face-to-face communication, the typed words sometimes seem difficult to interpret.★Text BComprehension Check: c a a b d cLanguage Practice1．d e a c b f g h2.1) vehicle 2) hooked on 3)intense 4)worldwide 5)overnight 6)slipped7) on the whole 8) called forth 9) outwards 10)Needless to say 11) to myknowledge 12) On top of t hatUnit 5★Text AVocabularyI.1. 1) startled 2) mere 3) motion 4) sweating 5) stretched 6) vain 7) On one occasion 8) anxiety 9) emotions 10) ashamed 11) In my mind’s eye 12)recurring2. 1) Mrs. White’s birthday coincides with her husband’s.2) They make big profits on the stuff they sell by creating an artificial shortage, which send sthe prices soaring/results in the soaring of prices.3) It has been a week of alternate sunshine and rain.4) Politics and philosophy have been his lifelong passions, although he studied economics atuniversity.5) Tension came over her, as she waited for her first TV interview.3. 1) media, dedication to, grace 2) his competitors, in excitement, hug him, congratulate him on 3) emotions, numerous, intensity, passion forII.1.Mike, a Green, made the suggestion that a large park be built near the community.2.In a letter to his daughter, Mr. Smith expressed his wish that she (should) continue hereducation to acquire still another degree.3. There is no reason to hold the belief that humans have no direct moral responsibility tosafeguard the welfare of animals.4. Children need to feel safe about the world they grow up in, and it is unwise to give them theidea that everything they come into contact with might be a threat.5. Anxiety can result from the notion that life has not treated us fairly.6.Nobody believed his claim that he was innocent.III.1.I work out in the gym for one hour every morning.2. Florence has worked as cleaner at the factory for five years.3. The wounded man worked his way across the field on his hands and knees.4.The safe load for a truck of this type works out at about twenty-five tons.5. It is difficult to understand how human minds work.6. To my disappointment, the manager’s plan of promoting the new products doesn’t work at all.7.The teacher has a lot of experience of working with children who don’t know how to learn.8.The medicine was like magic, and it worked instantly after you took it.Comprehensive ExerciseI.1. 1) In my mind’s eye 2) groan 3) competitor 4) intensity 5) anxiety 6) tense7) sweat 8) tension 9) soaring 10) recurring 11) brought me back to earth12) fantasy 13) sweat 14) congratulate 15) numerous 16) media2. 1) engineer 2) forget 3) convinced 4) how 5) build 6) accident7) thought 8)only 9) sharp 10) touched 11) instructions 12) finallyII. Translation1. 1) It is the creativity and dedication of the workers and executives that turned the companyinto a profitable business.2) The prices of food and medicine have soared in the past three months.3) We plan to repaint the upper floors of he office building.4) His success shows that popularity and artistic merit sometimes coincide.5) I don’t want to see my beloved grandmother lying in a hospital bed and groaning painfully.2. Numerous facts bear out the argument/statement/claim that in order to recover speedilyfrom negative emotion, you should allow yourself to cry. You needn’t/don’t have to be ashamed of crying. Anxiety and sorrow can flow out of the body along with tears.Consider t he case of/Take Donna, H er s on unfortunately died in a car a ccident. T he intensity of the blow made her unable to cry. She said, “It was not until two weeks later that I began to cry. And then I felt as if a big stone had been lifted from my shoulders. It was the tears that brought me back to earth and helped me survive the crisis.”★Text BComprehension Check: b c b b c aLanguage Practice1. a e d c b h f g2.1) aid 2) inclined 3) in good health 4) shortcomings 5) penetrated6) dismiss 7)has suffered from 8)progressive 9)optimistic 10)to a degree 11)hold on to12)installUnit 6★Text AVocabularyI.1. 1) culture/cultural 2) indication 3) miniature 4) ironic 5) stumbled into 6) decent7) buzzing 8) abnormal 9) mechanical 10) Shuddering 11) implied 12) leap2. 1) You can convert RMB into US dollars in the foreign exchange office a the airport.2) I f igured s he d idn’t k now the f irst t hing a bout c ooking a s she l ooked p uzzled a s t o h ow tocook rice with the rice cooker.3) The manager glowed with pleasure upon hearing that in spite of their faulty equipment theteam had accomplished some very useful work.4) I’m g rateful t o m y c ompany f or a llowing m e t o w ork f lexible h ours a s l ong a s I w ork e ighthours a day.5) On seeing the comments made in the margins by previous readers, Tom couldn’t helpthinking the book must be quite fascinating.3. 1) will not panic/feel panic, ’ll be at a disadvantage 2) hybrid, transmission3) crave, One indication, to distinguishII. 1. also 2. as well/too 3. too 4. also 5. as well/too 6. too 7. also 8. AlsoIII. 1. I’ve had enough 2. When I was old enough to work and earn money3. can’t get enough sleep at night4. has so far collected enough of them5. have strong enough arms6. have j ust e nough m oney t o l ive onComprehensive ExerciseI.1. 1) stumbled into 2) not know the first thing about 3) mechanical 4) when it comes to5) hybrid 6) gritted her teeth 7) premise 8) at a disadvantage 9) panic 10) cultural 11) flexible 12) imply2. 1) chair 2) force 3) secrets 4) painstaking 5) recognized 6) steered 7) essentially 8) observation 9) women 10) tutor 11) inspired 12) unlessII. Translation1. 1) He is a man of few words, but when it comes to playing a computer games, he is far tooclever for his classmates.2) Children who don’t know any better may think these animals are pretty cute and startplaying with them.3) There is no way to obtain a loan, so to buy the new equipment, I will just have to grit myteeth and sell my hybrid car.4) The h unter w ould not h ave fired the s hots i f h e hadn’t s een a h erd o f e lephants c omingtowards his campsite.5) I f ind it i ronic that T om has a selective memory --- he does not s eem t o remember p ainfulexperiences in the past, particularly those of his own doing.2. Nancy Hopkins is a biology professor at MIT. She craves knowledge and works hard.However, as a scientist, she could not help noticing all kinds of indications of gender inequality on campus. Men and women professors did the same work, but when it came to promotion the administrators were rather selective. It was ironic that after so much cultural progress, women were still at a disadvantage in institutions of higher education. When her request for more lab space was refused, she knew she had to fight. So she gritted her teeth and complained to the President. The fight ended in victory and Nancy was converted into a gender-equality advocate.★Text BComprehension Check: b a d b d c aLanguage Practice1. b d a e g c f h2.1) crisis 2) weighed down 3) supportive 4) takes all the credit 5) pleaded6) in control of 7) party 8) expense 9) lives for 10) semester11) at every opportunity 12) stirUnit 7★Text AVocabularyI.1. 1) S trictly s peaking 2) d rifted 3) r esembles 4) i nvaded 5) i s c onquered 6) f ascinating 7) s nack 8) p ut…into practice 9) source 10) climate 11) surrendered 12) were aroused2. 1) an absolute necessity rather than a luxury 2) is a valuable addition to the football team.3) will get out of control, if the firemen do not arrive within ten minutes.4) alternative but to g via Vancouver to get to Seattle5) declared a ll b eef i mports w ill b e banned f or t he next s ix months as a n e mergency m easure t ostop the spread of mad c ow disease.3. 1) systematic, have invented, to a very real extent, mysteries2) to establish, to be modifies/ modifying 3) tolerance towards, strike out, enrichII. 1. a) wish b) wish c) want d) want/wish 2. a) skin b) hide/skin c) hide d) skin3. a) raise/rear b) raise c) rear/raise d) raise4. a) royal b) kingly/royal c) sovereignd) royal/kinglyIII. 1. Indeed 2. though 3. Frankly 4. Moreover 5. To my knowledge6. however7. nevertheless8. Yet9. instead 10) in other words Comprehensive ExerciseI.1. 1) fascinating 2) tolerance 3) invented 4) addition 5) ban 6) corrupt7) out of control 8) influenced 9) elite 10)came up with 11) establishing12) Massive 13）sources 14）enrich2. 1) early 2) similar 3) source 4) observation 5) examine6) features 7) declared 8) stronger 9) accident 10) sprungII. Translation1. 1) Many small businesses have sprung up in the city since the new policy went into effect.2) On hearing the news, she smiled briefly, and then returned to her habitual frown.3) He paused for effect, then said:“We can reach/enter these markets through new channels.”4) The addition of a concert hall to the school will help it nourish young musical talents.5) We have no way to protect our personal liberties until we have established a sovereignstate,/We can’t protect our personal liberties unless we, first of all, establish a sovereign state.2. Though how the English language came into existence remains a mystery to manypeople，linguists believe that English and most other European languages have descended from a common source: the Indo-European parent language. English was first spoken by the Anglo-Saxons who invaded England in the fifth century. They passed onto us the basic vocabulary of English. In over fifteen centuries of its development, English has enriched itself by massive borrowing. As British immigrants landed in America and established the United States as an independent nation, a new variety was added to the English language : American English. Though some people worry that the language is running out of control, many native speakers of English take pride in the tolerance of their language.★Text BComprehension Check: c c c d b dLanguage Practice1. g e d c b h f a2. 1) give way to 2) predict 3) substantial 4) integrate 5) in transition 6) aspect7) to name a few 8) authority 9) dominate 10) had contributed to 11) unique12) rid yourself ofUnit 8VocabularyI. 1) barking 2) evil 3) brooding, hatched 4) migrant 5) tragedies 6) counterpart7) are complaining/complain 8) grim 9) flocks, fed on 10) vegetation11) patches 12) Scores of2. 1) was lined with people who came to welcome the distinguished foreign guests2) the boss silenced all lively conversation in the office3) wearing a pair of sun glasses, the famous movie star passed the crowded unnoticed.4) looked deserted 5) were stricken by i t3. 1) patches, came into full bloom, were puzzled, mysterious2) throbbed with, sickened, migrant, a chorus 3) had crept into. Flickered, the starkII. 1. age-old, air force, daughter-in-law, first-rate, greenhouse, half brother, ice-cream, lifelike, light year, salesperson, self- centered, threefold, overuse, stone-still, worldwide2.1) poverty-stricken people 2) heart-breaking news 3) newly-built 4) well-fed kids5) successful spacewalk 6) peace-loving 7) need-based scholarships 8) color-blindpeopleIII. 1. lying 2. laid 3. lay 4. lain 5. lie 6. lay 7. lie 8. lay 9. lay 10. lies Comprehensive ExerciseI.1. 1) spell 2) stricken 3) misfortunes 4) surroundings 5) blossom/bloom 6) migrant7)deserted 8) silence 9) sickened 10) hatch 11) puzzled 12) in harmony with2. 1) rate 2) publication 3) dangerous 4) banned 5) export6) profit 7) accept 8)comprehend 9) boundaries 10) ultimatelyII. Translation1.1) This is a prosperous town, but there is still poverty in the midst of wealth and abundance.2) The Brown family was stricken with one misfortune after another, but their children nevercomplained.3) The m useum i s d esigned i n such a w ay that i t s tands i n p erfect h armony w ith i tssurroundings.4) It was a miracle that these flowers did not wither at all in the blazing sun.5) Flocks of sheep feed on the patches of vegetation that rise above the winter snow.2. This village was once famous for its beautiful natural surroundings. All the year round,the trees were green and the flowers in bloom. Clear streams flowed out of the hills through a checkerboard of rice fields. Birds sang all day, and deer came and went in a leisurely manner.However, w ith the coming of D DT and other pesticides, a n evil spell seemed to have settled over the village. M isfortunes came one after another. Chicken died suddenly, cattle and sheep were stricken by mysterious maladies, and farmers complained about a sickening feeling that puzzled the village doctor. The village square, once throbbing with life, was now deserted.★Text BComprehension Check: b d a b b cLanguage Practice1. c d g a h b e f2.1) adapt 2) injured 3) immune 4) hostile 5) gives out 6) slight 7) take up8) significance 9) for the most part 10) deliberate 11)span 12) get caught up in。