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你听过英文语法有动词(verb)、名词(noun)；但你听过有动名词(gerund)吗？1. The girl is singing a song.2. The girl singing now is my sister.3. Singing is one of her hobbies(爱好).三个句子中都有singing。
第一个句子的singing是常见的现在进行式(Present Continuous)，是说眼下正在做什么；第二个句子的singing是现在分词(Present Participle)，它把sing这个动词转为形容词，但仍有动词的成份（哈哈，这么一说，要把你搞晕了吧:-) 。
关于分词，以后有空再谈OK？）。
好戏在后头，你看看第三个句子的singing到底是什么东东呀？原来就是我们的主角动名词(Gerund)了！憧矗瑂ing原本是个动词，可是现在它加上ing后，看来竟像是一个名词了。
一、名词性的动名词(Nominal Gerund)Nominal Gerund 可以加上定冠词(Definite article，如the)或不定冠词(Indefinite article，如a, an)，其他可加在动名词前的还有如：my, this, some, any, all, no 等等。
举例如下：1. The mellow(愉快地) singing of the birds announces the coming of spring.(singing前加定冠词the及形容词mellow；coming 前加the)2. We knew the robber was near when we heard a faint rustling(沙沙声) in the bushes.(rustling 前加不定冠词a及形容词faint)从上面的例子可看出如何将一个动词转成名词；但它和真正的名词还是有区别的，那就是没有单数或复数之分。
英语语法动名词用法归纳总结动名词是英语语法中的一个重要概念，它由动词+ing构成，可以在句子中充当名词的作用。
在本文中，我们将对英语语法动名词的用法进行归纳总结。
一、动名词作主语1. 动名词作主语可以表示一种习惯、兴趣、爱好等：Walking is good exercise.Reading helps improve vocabulary.2. 动名词作主语还可以表示一种真理、常识或普遍现象：Smoking is harmful to health.Studying is essential for success.二、动名词作宾语1. 动名词作及物动词的宾语：I enjoy watching movies in my free time.She hates doing housework.2. 动名词作介词后的宾语：John is interested in playing basketball.They are good at solving problems.三、动名词作补语1. 动名词作某些动词的补语，表示动作的主体：He kept on talking about his vacation.She felt like dancing all night.2. 动名词作形容词的补语，表示状态或特征：I am tired of studying all day.She is afraid of speaking in public.四、动名词作定语动名词可以作为名词的定语，修饰后面的名词：I bought a running shoe.She is a swimming champion.五、动名词作宾语补足语某些动词后接动名词作宾语补足语，表示动作的完整：I heard him singing in the shower.They saw the girl dancing on the street.六、动名词与不定式的区别1. 动名词表示具体的、正在进行的动作，而不定式表示抽象的、一般性的动作：I enjoy swimming in the ocean. (具体的动作)I enjoy to swim. (不一定正在游泳，只是一般喜欢)2. 多数动词后接动名词作宾语，而很少接不定式作宾语。
★以下是英⽂写作翻译频道为⼤家整理的《初中英语语法学习：动名词专项训练》，供⼤家参考。
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动名词专项训练 1. Please excuse me ______ your letter by mistake.A. to openB. to have openedC. for openingD. in opening 2. Certainly I posted your letter — I remember ______ it.A. postingB. to postC. to be postingD. have posted 3. They must be at home — there’s a light ______ in the bedroom.A. to shineB. to be shiningC. shiningD. having shined 4. If the car won’t start, ______ it.A. try pushB. try pushingC. to try pushingD. to try to push 5. Mr Smith dislikes ______ such clothes but his wife likes _____ them.A. to wear, to wearB. to wear, wearingC. wearing, to wearD. wearing, wear 6. _____ is a good form of exercise for both young and old.A. WalkB. WalkingC. The walkD. To walk 7. When you’re learning to drive, _____ a good teacher makes a big difference.A. haveB. havingC. and haveD. and having] 8. _____ this report _____ in such a short time was quite a difficult exercise.A. Getting, doneB. Get, doneC. To get, to doD. Getting, to do 9. I regret _______what I said. I shouldn’t have said it.A. to sayB. sayingC. to be sayingD. said 10. I shall never forget _______ the Alps for the first time. It was really beautiful.A. to seeB. seeingC. sawD. being seeing 11. In the whole interview, he tried to avoid _______ their questions.A. to answerB. answeringC. to have answeredD. having answered 12. He was lucky and narrowly missed _______.A. to injureB. injuringC. to be injuredD. being injured 13. I understand _______ to discuss the matter.A. your not wantingB. not your wantingC. you not to wantD. you to not want 14. Don’t be late. No one would like ________.A. to be kept waitingB. being kept waitingC. to be kept to waitD. being kept to wait 15. He can’t make himself _______. His spoken English really needs ________.A. understand, improvingB. understood, improvingC. understand, to improveD. understood, to improve 【参考答案】 1—5 CACBC 6—10 BBABB 11—15 BDAAB。
动名词用法一、构成：动名词由“动名词原形+ing”构成，其变化规则与现在分词的变化规则相同。
二、用法：动名词极有名词的特征，也有动词的特征。
它可以在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语。
➢动名词（短语）作主语时1)动名词作主语时，其谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。
Making small machines is my favourite hobby.Sitting straight means a person is confident.提示：如果是两个动名词（短语）作并列主语时，谓语动词要用复数形式。
Listening to music and reading story books are my favourite hobby.2）动名词作主语时通常放在句首，也可用it做形式主语放在句首，而把真正主语动名词放在句末使句子平衡。
Crying over the spilt milk is no use.可以写成：It is no use crying over the spilt milk.提示：单个动名词作主语时，极少用形式主语。
Communicating is not just speaking.一般不会写成：It is not just speaking communicating.➢动名词（短语）作动词或介词的宾语。
1)在及物动词后作宾语。
常见的只能接动名词作宾语的动词有：mind,enjoy,finish,practice,keep,miss,avoid,suggest, deny,admit,can’t help,feel like,give up等。
In countries like Spain,Italy and Greece,people like standingclose to each other to talk.He enjoys going for a walk every morning.2)在介词后作宾语。
分词分词作宾语补足语。
1．现在分词和过去分词都可以作宾语补足语。
在5看（look at, see, watch, notice, observe）；3使（make, let, have）；2听（listen to, hear）；1感觉（fell）。
，此外find, catch, keep, have.I heard a girl crying next door.I heard someone knocking at the door.He kept me waiting for a long time.I saw Tom entering the room.I found my key lost.I found the boy beaten black and blue.He made himself understood.John will get his room painted.Exercises1:1) I heard my name ________________ ( call).2) His voice was too low to make himself ________________(hear) .3) We found the eggs_________________( eat) by the snake.4) You’d better have/get your hair ______________ ( cut).5) I had my left arm________________(break) yesterday.ExercisesII:141. She was glad to see her child well __________.A. take care ofB. taken care ofC. taken careD. taking care of142. Why do you stand and watch the milk __________.A. boilingB. boiledC. from boilingD. having been boiled 143. I’ve heard him __________ about you often. A. spoke B. speaking C. speak D. to speak 144. Before he came to London, he had never heard a single English word __________.A. speakingB. spokenC. speakD. being spoken145. Walking along the river, we heard someone __________ for help.A. shoutingB. shoutC. shoutedD. having shouted146. I held the little bird in my hand and felt its heart __________.A. jumpingB. beatingC. bumpingD. knocking147. ---“Do you smell anything unusual?” ---“Yes. I can smell something __________.”A. burningB. is burningC. having burntD. burn148. Why do you have the water __________ all the time?A. ranB. to be runningC. runningD. being running149. Ellen was absent this morning because she had her tooth __________.A. fillingB. having been filledC. filledD. full150. I can’t ______ you running up and down all day long. A. permit B. let C. have D. allow 151. Is there anything you want from town? I’m going to get __________.A. those letters mailedB. mailed lettersC. to mailed those lettersD. those letters mail 152. The teacher got the students __________ all the words they didn’t know.A. looked upB. looking inC. to look upD. look at153. What did the school master want __________ to the noisy children?A. doingB. to doC. doneD. did154. They wanted the work _______with great care. A. to have done B. to be done C. doing D. to do 155. I need this chapter _______ before tomorrow. A. rewriting B. rewritten C. rewrite D. to write again156. Having read the Emperor’s New Clothes, we all found it __________.A. interestB. interestedC. interestingD. to interest157. When she returned home, she found the window open and something __________.A. to stealB. losingC. missedD. stolen158. My hometown is found __________.A. complete changingB. having completely changedC. completely changepletely changed 159. We found many people __________ in the meeting room.A. seatB. seatingC. to seatD. seated160. There was so much noise that the speaker could not make himself _________.A. being heardB. heardC. hearingD. hear161. Because of my poor English I’m afraid I can’t make myself _________.A. understandB. be understoodC. understoodD. understanding162. Don’t let him __________ you __________ for a long time.A. to make, waitB. make, to waitC. make, waitD. to make, to wait163. He kept me __________ for many hours.A. to waitB. having been waitedC. waitingD. waited164. Mother caught the boy _____in the corner. A. smoke B. to smoke C. smoking D. being smoked 165. John left his coat __________ on the sofa.. A. laying B. lying C. laid D. lain答案：141-145 BACBA 146-150 BACCC151-155 ACCBB156-160 CDDDB161-165 CCCCB分词做状语主动被动1) 一般式writing being written2) 完成式having written having been written1. Feeling tired, Tom went to bed early.2. Not wanting to wake her, Steve left the house silently3. Having finished his homework, he went out.4. Asked by my mother, I was eager to help her solve the snake problem.5. Having been told many times, she still can’t remember it.6. Given more time, I can do it better现在分词或分词短语做状语时,也可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式、伴随状况等.其逻辑主语必须和句子的主语一致,有时with\without +名词或代词宾格+分词也可以表示伴随状况如: While reading the book, he nodded from time to time. (时间)The teacher stood there, surrounded by the students. (方式)He sent me an e-mail, hoping to get further information.(伴随)分词作时间状语，如果先与主动词的动作，且强调先后，要用having done。
动名词语法专项1.动名词= 动词+ ing四种基本句子成分：①主语（动作的发出者）、②宾语（动作的承受者，如何判断宾语：记住两个关键词“动宾”和“介宾”，即，动词和介词后一般跟着它们的宾语，如：He practiced playing the piano yesterday. / Thank you for helping me with my housework.）、③表语（记住一个关键词“系表”，即，系动词后一般是表语，系动词是am,is, are, was, were等）④谓语（动作，一般由动词或者系动词来充当，She likes Crystal. She is Crystal.这两句中，likes和is是谓语）★主语、宾语、表语一般由名词来充当，动词是不可以充当以上三种成分，所以要把动词变成动名词，即，动词+ ing，如clean → cleaning，Would you mind opening(mind) the window for me?. 其中，opening作的是动词mind的宾语；再如: She is interested in singing (sing). 其中singing作的是介词in的宾语。
2.后面只能接动名词（动词+ing）的常见动词或动词短语有：（“四句口诀”）①“错过”“建议”很“介意”miss（错过，想念）, suggest(建议) , advise(建议)，mind（介意）,②“放弃”“享受”定“后悔”give up（放弃）, enjoy（享受，喜欢）, regret（后悔）,③“坚持”“练习”必“完成”keep (on)(坚持), practice（练习）, finish（完成），④“习惯”“期待”等“成功”be /get used to(习惯)，look forward to(期待)，succeed in(成功做到…) 3．后面只能接动名词（动词+ing）的句型有：①be busy doing 忙于做某事 e.g.: She is busying preparing for the test.②can’t help doing 情不自禁做某事 e.g.: The students couldn’t help clappingtheir hands when they heard the good news.③spend some time / money in doing花时间/花钱做某事e.g.:She spent 3 hours in doing the housework.④feel like doing 想做某事 e.g.: I feeling like having a bowl of rice and somefish tonight.⑤have difficulties in doing 做某事有困难 e.g.: She has some difficulties inspelling the word, because it is too long.⑥It is no good doing 做某事没有好处 e.g.: It is no good smoking.⑦It is no use doing 做某事没有用处 e.g.: It is no use playing computergames for a long time.。
中考英语语法专题—动名词在中考英语中，语法是重要的考查内容之一，而动名词则是其中较为复杂但又常考的一个知识点。
为了帮助同学们更好地理解和掌握动名词，咱们一起来深入探讨一下。
首先，咱们得明白啥是动名词。
简单来说，动名词就是动词的一种形式，它兼具动词和名词的特点。
它的形式是动词+ing，比如“swimming”“reading”“writing”等等。
动名词有很多作用。
其一，它可以作主语。
比如说，“Swimming is good for your health”在这个句子里，“swimming”就是主语，表达游泳这个动作对于健康有益。
再比如，“Reading books can broaden our horizons”这里“reading books”就是主语，表示读书这个行为能拓宽我们的视野。
动名词还能作宾语。
常见的动词后面需要接动名词作宾语，比如“enjoy”“finish”“practice”等。
例如，“I enjoy reading novels in my spare time”“He finished doing his homework early”“We should practice speaking English every day”有的短语后面也得接动名词，像“be used to”“look forward to”“pay attention to”等等。
“I am used to getting up early”“We are looking forward to meeting you”“You should pay attention to listening carefully in class”动名词还能作定语。
比如“a swimming pool”“a reading room”，这里的“swimming”和“reading”就是定语，分别修饰“pool”和“room”，表示用途。
2020年高考英语语法必考知识点：动名词专项练习单项选择1.I still remember to the Famen Temple and what I saw there.A.to takeB.to be takenC.takingD.being taken2.Bill suggested____a meeting on what to do for the Shanghai Expoduring the vacation.A.having heldB.to holdC.holdingD. hold3.He told us whether_______a picnic was still under discussionA.to haveB.havingC.haveD.had4.It is worth considering what makes“convenience”foods so popular,and______better ones of your own.A.introducesB.to introduceC.introducingD. introduced5.Susan wanted to be independent of her parents.She tried_____alone，but she didn’t like it and moved back home.A.livingB.to liveC.to be livingD.having livedKeys:DCBCA句子翻译1)你介意把门打开吗？2)他花了三个小时完成作业。
3)看了这场表演，他情不自禁地笑了。
4)我们已经习惯早起早睡。
5)医生建议我要多喝水。
Keys:Would you mind opening the door?He spent three hours finishing the homework.Seeing the show,he can’t help laughing.We are used to getting up early and going to sleep early.The doctor suggests me drinking more water.动名词是表示动作的名词，既具有动词的一些特征，又具有名词的句法功能。
动名词语法填空专项练习：I.单项填空：1.Catching the first bus will mean (get) up at 5:00.2.I’ll never forget(visit) Paris for the first time.3.The students are busy (prepare) for the examinations.4.I regret (not study) hard at school.5.Your car needs (oil).6.The old man needs (look) after.7.The problem is worth (discuss).8.Instead of (see) sights, Edison would spend the time (read) in the public library.9.A ll the children enjoy (play) at the seaside.10.Please remember (turn) off the lights before (leave) the classroom.11.He prevented his son from (do) .12.He was proud of (his son win)the Noble Prize.13.I practice (speak) English every day.14.Thank you for (give) so much help.15.I prefer (walk) to (ride) in a bus.16.(see) is believing.17.It is no use (cry) over spilt milk.18.There is (not/no know) what the weather will be like.19.We didn’t miss (watch) the football match last night.20.We did n’t allow (smoke) in this room.21.He has always insisted on his (call) Dr. Turn instead of Mr. Turner.22 ----- You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting.---- Well, now I regret (do) that.23.He regrets (not be) able to watch the basketball match.24.The old man’s(take) pity on the snake led to his own death.25.We regret (say) that the film was not worth (see).26.The students were busy (prepare) for the coming exam.27.I can’t imagine (do) that with them.28.The sick woman needs (look) after.29 ----- Let’s have a break.----Not now. I didn’t want to stop (study) yet.30.They enjoyed (spend) a wonderful evening at the Country Club.31.My father hates (smoke). He never allows me (smoke).32.The bird was lucky that it just missed (catch).33.It is very hot. I feel like (drink) something cool.34.He has not got used (live) in the countryside.35.How dare you go in without (invite).36.Teaching is (learn).37.My job is (teach) you English.38.I apologize for (not keep) my promise.39.It is no good (smoke). You should give it up.40.(you fail) the exam will disappoint your parents.A. You failingB.C. You failD. You to failII.用动词的适当形式填空：1.They all enjoyed ( learn) to skate.2.Have you finished (read) the book?3.He wouldn’t consider (make) these changes.4.Jack has just given up (smoke).5.Peter kept on (ask) questions.6.She didn’t mind (work) over time.7.We can’t postpone (answer) that letter any longer.8.On (arrive ) at the village he found tractors working in the fields.9.Besides (read), he is fond of (dance) and (snake).10.Instead of (go) to the concert, she went to an exhibition.1.No one enjoys at.ughingB.to laughC.being laughedD.to be laughed2.You must do something to prevent your house .A.to be broken inB.from being broken inC.to break inD.from breaking in3.They insisted on another chance to try.A.givenB.givingC.being givenD.to be given4.—Where is my passport? I remember it here.—You shouldn't have left it here. Remember it with you all the time.A.to put；to takeB.putting；takingC.putting；to takeD.to put；taking5.H is room needs , so he must have it .A.painting；paintedB.painted；paintingC.painting；paintingD.painted；painted6.A fter finishing his homework he w ent on a letter to his parents.A.writeB.writingC.wroteD.to write动名词练习答案：I.1. getting up 2. visiting 3. preparing 4. not having studied 5. being oiled 6. looking 7. discussing 8. seeing; reading 9. playing 10. to turn off; leaving 11. doing 12. his son’s having won 13. speaking 14. giving 15. walking; riding 16. Seeing 17. crying 18. no knowing19. watching 20. smoking 21. being called 22. having done 23. not being 24. taking 25. to say; seeing 26. preparing 27. doing 28. looking after29. studying 30. having been spent 31. smoking; to smoke 32. being caught 33. drinking 34. to living 35. being invited 36. learning 37. teaching/ to teach 38. not having kept 39. to smoke;40. Your failingII.1. learning 2. reading 3. making 4. smoking 5. asking 6. working 7. answering 8. arriving 9. reading, dancing, skating 10. going,。
动名词动名词具有名词的性质，在句中作主语、表语、宾语、定语等。
作主语Reading is an art. 读书是一种艺术。
Climbing mountains is really fun. 爬山真是有趣。
Working in these conditions is not a pleasure but a suffer.在这种工作条件下工作不是一件愉快的事而是一件痛苦的事。
It is no use/no good crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收It is a waste of time persuading such a person to join us. 劝说这样的人加入真是浪费时间。
It was hard getting on the crowded street car. 上这种拥挤的车真难。
It is fun playing with children. 和孩子们一起玩真好。
There is no joking about such matters. 对这种事情不是开玩笑。
动名词作主语的几种类型1.直接位于句首做主语。
例如：Swimming is a good sport in summer.2.用it 作形式主语，把动名词(真实主语)置于句尾作后置主语。
动名词做主语时，不太常用it 作先行主语，多见于某些形容词及名词之后。
例如：It is no use telling him not to worry.It is no use/good/a waste of time talking about that.常见的能用于这种结构的形容词还有：better，wonderful，enjoyable，interesting，foolish，difficult，useless，senseless，worthwhile，等。
注意：important，essential，necessary 等形容词不能用于上述结构。
3.用于“There be”结构中。
例如：There is no saying when he'll come.很难说他何时回来。
There is no telling what will happen.（It is impossible to tell what will happen.）4.用于布告形式的省略结构中。
例如：No smoking ( =No smoking is allowed (here) ). （禁止吸烟）No parking. （禁止停车）动名词作主语与动词不定式作主语的比较动词不定式和动名词都可以用作主语。
在意义上相近。
但动名词多用来表示泛指或抽象动作，不定式多用来表示特指或具体动作。
比较：Smoking is not good for health.It is not good for you to smoke so much.5.在疑问句中，通常用动名词的复合结构，而不用不定式的复合结构作主语：Does your saying that mean anything to him?（不能说：Does for you to say that mean anything to him? ）6..当句子中的主语和表语都是非限定动词时，要遵循前后一致的原则，主语和表语在形式上要求统一：Seeing is believing. *To see is to believe.作宾语（1）作动词的宾语admit, appreciate, excuse, stand, advise, allow, permit, avoid, consider, enjoy, finish, give up, cannot help, imagine, include, keep, understand,keep on, mind, report, risk, miss, put off, delay, practise, resist, suggest,depend on, think about, set about, succeed in, worry about, burst out, insist on,can't help, feel like, be used to, get used to, devote…to…, look forward to,pay attention to, get down to,escape 等。
如：They went on walking and never stopped talking. 他们继续走，说个不停。
I found it pleasant walking along the seashore. 在海滩上走真是乐事。
Mark often attempts to escape being fined whenever he breaks traffic regulations.每当马克违反交通规则时，他常常企图逃避罚款的处分。
（2）作介词的宾语I don’t like the idea of our living here. 我不愿意我们住在这里。
I knew nothing about the window being open.我一点也不知道窗户敞开着。
He left the city without our knowing it 他离开城市我们大家都不知道。
.We are thinking of making a new plan for the next term. 我们正考虑为下学期制定新的计划。
Shall we have a rest or get down to doing our work? 我们休息呢还是开始干活？（3）作形容词的宾语The music is well worth listening to more than once. 这种曲子很值得多听几遍。
We are busy preparing for the coming sports meet. 我们正为马上到来的运动会忙着做准备。
作表语动名词作表语时句子主语常是表示无生命的事物的名词或what引导的名词性从句。
表语动名词与主语通常是对等的关系，表示主语的内容，主语、表语可互换位置。
Your task is cleaning the windows. 你的任务就是擦窗户。
(Cleaning the windows is your task.) What I hate most is being laughed at. 我最痛恨的就是被别人嘲笑。
(Being laughed at is what I hate most.)作定语动名词作定语往往表示被修饰词的某种用途。
如：a walking stick ＝a stick for walking = a stick which is used for walkinga washing machine = a machine for washing = a machine which is used for washinga reading room = a room for reading=a room which is used for readinga measuring tape=a tape for measuring=a tape which is used for measuringsleeping pills=pills for sleeping=pills which is used for sleeping动名词的否定结构动名词的否定结构由not 动名词组成。
如：Mary's not passing the exam made her mother very angry．玛丽考试不及格使她妈妈非常生气。
Trying without success is better than not trying at all.实验没有成功也比不实验好。
He hated himself for not having work hard. 他悔恨自己没有用功。
I’m sorry for not having telephoned you before. 很抱歉，没有早给你打电话。
He felt sorry for not having done the work well. 他为没有把工作做好感到难过。
I fancy it has done you a lot of good not going. 我看不去对你倒好了。
（not going 是动名词一般式的否定形式）There is no denying the fact that he si diligent. （no denying 也是动名词一般式的否定）动名词的时态和语态（一般式，完成式和被动式）(1)动名词的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，或在谓语动词表示的动作之后。
如：We are very interested in collecting stamps.我们对集邮很感兴趣。
His coming will be of great help to us .他来对我们大有帮助。
但是有些明确表示时间的动词和介词after, on,upon, 或for之后，常用一般式代替完成式，表示动作发生在谓语动作之前。
如：I shall never forget seeing the Great Wall for the first time.我永远不会忘记第一次看到长城的情景。
On hearing that bad news , the mother couldn’t help crying.一听到这个糟糕的消息，母亲就禁不住哭了起来。
Excuse me for coming late. 我来晚了，请原谅。
Thank you for giving us so much help. 谢谢你给了我们这么多帮助。
(2)动名词的完成式所表示的动作或状态在谓语动词之前完成或结束。
He regrets not having taken part in the work.他后悔没有参加这项工作。
We were praised for having finished the work ahead of time.我们因提前完成了这项工作而受到了表扬。
I am very pleased at your having been honoured with a medal.我很高兴你能获得这样的奖牌。
