英语中的句子理解和练习

英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习英语句子就像一座建筑，句子成分是构成这座建筑的各种材料，而句子结构则是建筑的框架。

理解句子成分和结构对于我们正确理解和运用英语至关重要。

接下来，让我们一起深入探讨。

一、英语句子成分1、主语主语是句子所描述的主体，通常是某人、某事或某物。

它是句子的核心，决定了句子要说的是谁或什么。

比如，“The dog is cute” （这只狗很可爱。

）中，“The dog”就是主语。

2、谓语谓语表示主语的动作或状态。

它通常由动词构成。

例如，“She sings beautifully” （她唱歌很好听。

）中的“sings”就是谓语。

3、宾语宾语是动作的对象，通常是接受动作的人或物。

比如，“He bought a book” （他买了一本书。

）中的“a book”就是宾语。

4、表语表语用于说明主语的特征、状态、身份等。

常见的系动词有 be （am/is/are）、seem、look 等，其后的成分就是表语。

例如，“She is happy” （她很开心。

）中的“happy”就是表语。

5、定语定语用来修饰、限定名词或代词。

它可以是形容词、名词、代词、数词、介词短语等。

例如，“The red car is mine” （那辆红色的车是我的。

）中的“red”就是定语。

6、状语状语用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，表示时间、地点、原因、方式、程度等。

比如，“He runs fast” （他跑得很快。

）中的“fast”就是状语。

7、补语补语用于补充说明宾语或主语的情况。

例如，“We made him our monitor” （我们选他当班长。

）中的“our monitor”就是宾语补足语。

二、英语句子结构1、简单句简单句只有一个主谓结构，是最基本的句子类型。

例如，“I love you” （我爱你。

）2、并列句并列句由两个或两个以上的简单句通过并列连词（and, but, or 等）连接而成。

英语中五种基本句型详解及专练句子由主语和谓语两大部分组成。

主语结构比较单一，谓语结构则不然，不同类别的谓语动词导致不同的谓语结构，从而形成了不同的句型(Sentence Pattern)。

换句话说，不同的句型是由不同类别的谓语动词所决定的，因此，句型又被称为动词句型(Verb Pattern)。

语法家们对句型的分类不尽相同，一般认为，现代英语的基本句型主要有五种：1.“主----系-----表”(SLP)句型：在这种句型中，谓语动词是以be为主的连系动词(Linking Verb)，后面跟主语补语(Subject Complement)，如：These oranges have kept fresh. 这些桔子一直很新鲜。

Mary is a student / here /in the room. 玛丽是个学生/在这儿/在房间里。

有的语法家把be后面的副词(短语)或介词短语视为状语，从而形成了“主----动-----状”(SVA)这一在五种基本句型之外的句型(见上面最后一个例句)。

2.“主----动”(SV)句型：在这种句型中，谓语动词为不及物动词(Intransitive Verb)，谓语部分通常只包括限定动词，即使有状语，也属任意性状语，即：去掉后并不影响句子结构和意义的完整，如：This bread won't keep (for a long time). 这种面包不好(长期)存放。

Tom has left.前面说过,有些句子中的状语是不可缺少的，这种状语被称为必具性状语，从而构成“主----动----状”(SVA)句型，但这仅限于少数几个动词的某些用法，因而不是一种主要句型，如：They are staying in a hotel. 他们暂住在一家旅馆里。

3.“主----动-----宾”(SVO)句型：在这种句型中，谓语动词为只带一个宾语的及物动词，这种动词被称为单宾语及物动词(Monotransitive Verb)，如：He kept the money. 他保存着这些钱。

句子成分及基本句型一、考点、热点回顾【句子的成分】在英文中句子成分包括：主语、谓语、宾语（直接宾语、间接宾语）、表语、定语和状语、宾语补足语等。

（一）主语：主语是谓语讲述的对象，表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。

一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当。

它在句首。

如：（1）Lucy is a beautiful nurse. （名词作主语）（2）He reads newspapers every day. （代词作主语）（3）Smoking is harmful to the health. （动名词作主语）（4）To swim in Kunming Lake is a great pleasure.（不定式作主语）（5）What we should do is not yet decided. （主语从句作主语）（二）谓语说明主语“做什么”“是什么”或“怎么样”。

谓语（谓语部分里主要的词）。

谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必须一致。

它在主语后面。

如：His parents are teachers. （系动词和表语一起作谓语）We study hard. （行为动词作谓语）We don’t finish reading the book. （助动词和行为动词一起作谓语）He can speak English. （情态动词和行为动词一起作谓语）（三）宾语宾语是动作、行为的对象，由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任，它和及物动词一起说明主语做什么。

一般放在谓语之后。

She is doing her homework now.（名词作宾语）She says（that）she is ill.（宾语从句作动词宾语）We often help him.（代词作宾语）He likes to play basketball.（不定式作宾语）We enjoy listening to the music. 我们喜欢听音乐。

英语四级句子词汇真题训练及详解1.This book is expected to ______ the best-seller lists.2.To prevent flooding in winter the water flowing from the dam is constantly ______ by a computer.3.If you don’t ______ the children properly, Mr. Chiver, they’ll just run riot.4.You cannot imagine how ______ I feel with my duties sometimes.5.Mary became ______ homesick and critical of the United States, so she fled from her homw in west Bloomfield to her hometown in Austria.[A]promote [B]overflowed [C]dominate [D]monitored[E]increasingly [F]supervise [G]overwhelmed [H]conducted答案：1.选[C]。

[题意]这本书有望在畅销书排行榜中名列前茅。

2.选[D]。

[题意]为了防止冬季发生洪水，计算机随时都在监控大坝的水流量。

3.选[F]。

[题意]切沃尔先生，如果你不适当地监管孩子，他们就会捣乱。

4.选[G]。

[题意]有时候你无法想象我会感觉我的职责多么神圣。

5.选[E]。

[题意]玛丽越来越想家，对美国越来越不满，因此她离开了位于西布卢姆菲尔德的家逃往了奥地利的故乡。

1.He hoped the firm would ______ him to the Paris branch.(CET-4,1998.1)2.The beam that is ______ by a laser differs in several waysfrom the light that comes out of a flashlight.(CET-4,2003.9)3.The British government often says that furnishing children with ______ to the information superhighway is a top priority.(CET-4,2003.9)4.The rapid development of communications technology is transforming the ____ in which people communicate across time and space.(CET-4,2004.1)5.Gestures are an important means to ______ messages.[A]emitted [B]translated [C]transfer [D]access[E]convey [F]manner [G]procedure [H]remove答案：1.选[C]。

英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习❖简单句的五个基本句型❖主语＋不及物动词She came．.❖主语＋及物动词＋宾语She likes English.❖主语＋系动词＋主语补语She is happy．❖主语＋动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语She gave John a book．She bought a book for me.❖主语＋动词＋宾语＋宾语补语She makes her mother angry．The teacher asked me to read the passage.❖主谓宾❖名／代－－动词－－名／代we-- saw --you.we-- did --the work.❖主系表❖名／代－系动词－形容次／名词／代词you are beautifulyou seems worried.you are a stufent.❖相同点都三部分，主语也一样．不同动词和系动词，时态一样，否定式不同．动词加助动词，系动词不用．表语可以是形容词，宾语不行．只有宾语有补足语❖2、句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种：❖主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。

❖1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。

通常用名词或代词担任。

如：I’m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐)❖2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。

主要由动词担任。

如：Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间)❖3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。

通常由名词、代词或形容词担任。

如：My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍)❖4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。

通常由名词或代词担任。

如：He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词)❖有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。

高中英语阅读理解练习（19-20）（19）New Zealand's government recently proposed taxing the greenhouse gases from farm animals as part of a plan to fight climate change. The government said the taxes would be a world's first. They said that farmers should be able to get the money back by charging more for climate-friendly products. Farm animals produce gases through natural processes like burping(打嗝) and urinating（排尿）.But farmers quickly criticized the plan. Federated Farmers is the industry's main political support group. It said the plan would "rip(撕破) the guts(肠胃) out of small-town New Zealand" and see farms replaced with trees. Andrew Hoggard, the group's president, said farmers had been trying to work with the government for more than two years. They were working on a plan to reduce greenhouse gas production that would not decrease food production. Hoggard said, "Our plan was to keep farmers farming." But, with the taxes, he said, farmers would be quickly selling their farms.The conservative（保守的） ACT Party is the main opposition group. Members of the party said the plan would increase worldwide greenhouse gas production by moving farming to other countries that were less efficient at making food. New Zealand's farming industry is very important for its economy. Milk products, including those used to make milk for baby food in China, are the nation's largest export earner. There are just 5 million people in New Zealand. But the country has some 26 million sheep and 10 million farm animals producing milk and meat.About half ofNew Zealand's greenhouse gas comes from farms. Farm animals produce gasses that warm the planet like methane（甲烷） and nitrous oxide from burping and urinating.The New Zealand government wants to reduce greenhouse gas production and make the country carbon neutral（碳中和） by 2050.Under the government's proposal（提议）, farmers would start to pay for greenhouse gas production in 2025. The price has yet to be finalized（最后定案）. PrimeMinister（总理） Jacinda Ardern said all the money collected from the proposed tax would be put back into the industry. It would support new technology, research, and payments for farmers. Agriculture Minister Damien O'Connor said New Zealand farmers were already experiencing the impact（影响） of climate change with periods of dry weather and flooding. "Taking the lead on agricultural emissions is both good for the environment and our economy," he said.The proposal is similar to another unsuccessful proposal made in 2003 to tax farm animals for their methane production. Back then, farmers greatly opposed the idea and political opponents(对手) criticized it. And the government dropped the plan.The debate in New Zealand is part of a larger international discussion on the effects of farming on the environment and the steps some say are needed to reduce its impact. In the European nation of the Netherlands, farmers have blocked large, busy roads with farming products and vehicles. They did so to protest government proposals to decrease the production of greenhouse gases.(535 words)根据文章内容，选最佳答案：1.New Zealand’s government advises the farmers to ________.A. cut the number of their farm animals.B. pay more taxes because of the climate change.C. sale their products at higher price.D. stop their animals to produce less greenhouse gases.2. If the tax comes into force, ______________.A. the farmers will make more money from the products.B. the farmers will plant more trees instead of keep animals.C. more farms will disappearD. more food production will be on sale.3. The words of "rip the guts out of small-townNew Zealand" from Federated Farmers infers that _______A. the gases from the farm animals’burping and urinating change the climate.B. people will get hungry because the farmers reduce their food production.C. the plan will increase worldwide greenhouse gas productionD.New Zealand's farming industry is very important for its economy.4. Which is the most important export product in New Zealand?A. Milk productsB. meat from farm animalsC. planting productions from the farms.D. wooding productions from the farm trees5. Which is untrue about the taxing plan?A. It will started in 2025.B. It was first proposed in 2003.C. It is both good for New Zealand’s environment and economy.D. It can collect money to help the farmers.（20）More school systems are making an effort to deal with some of the problems teachers face, including taking care of their mental health. Many schools do not have enough teachers.Current problems facing teachers include behavioral problems and fears of shootings.Some school districts have provided increased mental health training for workers and support in the classroom. They have also provided resources aimed at identifying burned out teachers and getting them connected to help. Being burned out means a person has become very physically and emotionally tired after doing a difficult job for a long time. A recent opinion study by the Rand Corporation found that twice as many principals and teachers reported frequent job-related stress as other working adults.The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention(CDC) noted a similar study that came from a coalition(联合,联盟) of mental health organizations in New Orleans. It found educators working during the COVID-19 pandemic reported rates of emotional difficulties similar to those of health care workers. It found 36 percent showed signs of anxiety, 35 percent had depression, and 19 percent showed signs of post-traumatic(痛苦难忘的) stress disorder.Leigh Mclean is the main investigator at the Teacher Emotions, Characteristics, and Health Lab at the University of Delaware School of Education. She said, "It's all pretty bad. She found levels of depression, anxiety, and emotional tiredness among elementary school teachers that are 100 to 400 percent higher than before the pandemic. She said those problems are increasing the most among less experienced teachers. She said she recognized similarities between teachers and the general population "with underrepresented groups being hit the hardest…"Some districts have or are planning to spend federal COVID-19 aid money on teacher mental health. They hope it mightimprove the classroom environment, keep teachers on the job and help students. Nebraska and Pennsylvania are among the states choosing teacher mental health as a top goal.A Delaware school district hired two social and emotional learning experts who deal with problems teachers are having in the classroom. And an elementary school in Indiana starts the week with Mindful Mondays, where teachers guide their classes in deep breathing. There are also Thoughtful Thursdays, where a student is called on to write a letter to someone working at the school to show that they are thankful. And on Friday Focus students and teachers talk about self-care.A growing number of groups offer training to improve mental health. Methods include breathing exercises, yoga, gentle movements and meditation(冥想). One program aimed at improving mental health is Cultivating Awareness and Resilience in Education, or CARE. Researchers found improvements, including reductions in mental health problems, in studies of its use among 224 New York City teachers. The studies also found reductions in stress and improvements in quality classroom interactions. Researchers found it helped students show increased engagement(参与).（469 words）根据文章内容，选择最佳答案：1. The following problems teachers are facing are included except ________.A. behavioral problemsB. fears of shootingsC. experience shortageD. overworking2. Which is the correct definition of the underline phrase burned out?A. 心灰意冷的B. 无可奈何的C. 筋疲力尽的D. 无计可施的3. The educators’emotional difficulties during the COVID-19 pandemic include the followings except _____.A. anxietyB. depressionC. emotional tirednessD. classroom interactions4. On ________, the teachers will discuss how to take goo care of their emotions.A. Mindful MondaysB. Thoughtful ThursdaysC. Friday FocusD. Relaxing Saturdays5. The program CARE can help to __________.A. reduce mental health problemsB. improve quality classroom interactionsC. take some gentle movements like breathing exercises and yogaD. relax the teachers and students.高中英语阅读理解练习答案及句子精讲（19-20）答案：（19）1C 2C 3D 4A 5B（20）1C 2C 3D 4D 5C句子精讲：（19）1. Milk products, including those used to make milk for baby food inChina, are the nation's largest export earner.乳制品，包括在用于生产婴儿配方奶粉的乳制品，是新西兰最大的出口收入来源。

句子分析练习一、简单句1. Dogs bark loudly.2. She sings beautifully.3. The sun shines brightly.4. He runs fast.5. They laugh happily.二、复合句1. Although it was raining, they still went out.2. I cannot go to the party, because I have to study.3. She is tired, so she wants to rest.4. I will buy some groceries, before I go home.5. He can speak English fluently, which is impressive.三、并列句1. I like cake and ice cream.2. He enjoys playing basketball, swimming, and cycling.3. She is talented in both singing and dancing.4. The weather is neither too hot nor too cold.5. I can hear the birds singing, and I can smell the blooming flowers.四、主从复合句1. He will come to the party if he finishes his work.2. She cried because she failed the exam.3. They went to the beach as soon as they arrived.4. I will bring an umbrella in case it rains.5. She is happy that she got a promotion.五、倒装句1. Only when the sun sets do the stars appear.2. In no way can I accept your proposal.3. Not only did she win the race, but she also broke the record.4. Hardly had I finished studying when the power went out.5. Not until tomorrow will we know the results.六、感叹句1. What a beautiful sunset!2. How delicious this cake is!3. What an incredible performance!4. How fast she can run!5. What a talented artist he is!七、间接引语1. She said that she would come to the party.2. He told me that he loved me.3. They asked if we wanted to join them.4. She wondered why he didn't call.5. He mentioned that he would be late.八、条件句1. If it rains tomorrow, we will stay indoors.2. Unless you study hard, you won't pass the test.3. I will lend you money, provided that you pay me back.4. If he leaves now, he will catch the train.5. Even if it's cold, I will still go for a walk.九、比较句1. She is taller than her sister.2. He runs faster than anyone else.3. This book is more interesting than that one.4. The blue dress looks better on her than the red one.5. He is less talkative than his brother.十、强调句1. It was she who won the race.2. It is in this park where they first met.3. I did not eat the cake, it was him.4. It wasn't me who broke the vase, it was the cat.5. It is his generosity that makes him popular.以上是句子分析练习的内容范例。

人教版中考翻译练习题1.你越运动，越健康。

The more you have sports, the healthier you will be.2.布鲁斯太太对学生非常亲切，以致于学生们把她当作自己的母亲。

Mrs Bruce was so kind to her students that they regarded her as their mother.3.通过听英语电影的对话，我的发音也提高了。

My pronunciation has been improved as well by listening to the conversations inEnglish movies.4.人们已经不再害怕禽流感了。

（bird flu禽流感)People are not afraid of bird flu any more.5.我想学习新单词和更多语法，这样我就能对英语电影有更好的理解。

IwanttolearnnewwordsandmoregrammarsothatIcanhaveabetterunderstanding of English movies.6.刚才她激动得说不出话来。

She was too excited to say a word just now. /She was so excited that she couldn’tsay a word just now.7.多么美好的一天！What a good day!8.比尔想知道明年他们是否还会再吃粽子。

Bill wonders whether they will have zongzi again next year.9.我们正在忙着为考试做准备。

We are busy getting ready for the examination.10.我认为你的答案不对。

Idon’t think your answer is right.11.我花了两个小时读这篇小说。

英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习1。

主语（subject)：句子说明的人或事物。

The sun rises in the east (名词） He likes dancing。

（代词)Twenty years is a short time in history. （数词) Seeing is believing。

(动名词）To see is to believe。

（不定式） What he needs is a book。

（主语从句）It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree。

（It形式主语,主语从句是真正主语)（一）指出下列句中主语的中心词① The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom。

② There is an old man coming here.③ The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.④ To do today’s homework without the teacher’s help is very difficult。

2. 谓语（predicate)：是对主语加以陈述,表示主语的行为或状态,常用动词或者动词词组担任，放在主语的后面。

We study English. He is asleep.(二）. 选出句中谓语的中心词① I don't like the picture on the wall。

A。

don't B。

like C. picture D。

wall② The days get longer and longer when summer comes. A。

get B。

longer C。

days D。

英语句子成分练习题及答案英语中的句子由主语、谓语、宾语和其他成分组成。

熟练掌握句子成分的分类和使用是学习英语语法的重要一步。

在这里，我们将提供一些英语句子成分的练习题，并附带答案供参考。

主语练习题1.找出以下句子中的主语：•The dog barked at the mailman.•Lisa and Susan went to the park.•It is raining outside.•The book on the table belongs to me.答案： - The dog - Lisa and Susan - It - The book2.请写出满足以下条件的句子的主语：•包含两个以上的单词。

•指代具体人或事物。

•在句子中起到名词的作用。

答案： - My best friend - The new laptop - The beautiful sunset谓语练习题1.找出以下句子中的谓语：•The cat is sleeping.•I like to eat pizza.•They have been waiting for hours.•She will go to the store.答案： - is sleeping - like to eat - have been waiting - will go2.请写出以下句子的谓语：•含有两个以上的动词。

•表示动作或状态。

•在句子中起到动词的作用。

答案： - They are playing soccer. - He has studied English. - She can swim very well.宾语练习题1.找出以下句子中的宾语：•I bought a new car.•She ate an apple.•They saw a movie yesterday.•He gave me a book.答案： - a new car - an apple - a movie - me a book2.请写出以下句子的宾语：•表示人或事物。